MACEDONIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS

SKOPJE 2012 Editorial Board: Acad. Vlado Matevski Acad. Vitomir Mitevski Lidija Simovska ACADEMICIAN vlado kambovski, PRESIDENT OF THE ACADEMY

The Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts was established by the Macedonian Assembly on 22nd February 1967 as the highest scientific, scholarly and artistic institution in the country with the aim of monitoring and stimulating the sciences and arts. The Academy's objectives are to survey the cultural heritage and natural resources, to assist in the planning of a national policy regarding the sciences and arts, to stimulate, co-ordinate, organise and conduct scientific and scholarly research and to promote artistic achievement, especially where particularly relevant to the Republic of Mace- donia. The Academy facilitates scholarly, scientific and artistic endeavour on the part of its members and encourages the use of the most up-to-date methodology and scientific information and the results of the latest research. It also works on developing international co-operation in the fields of the sci- ences and arts. As an independent scientific and artistic institution the Academy achieves these objectives by basic, developmental and applied research, comprehensive and inter-disciplinary research projects, by organising scientific and scholarly conferences and symposia, by publishing the results ofthe same and of other scientific and artistic research and by organising events in the field of the arts. The Academy collaborates with the universities, other scientific, scholarly and cultural institutions, scientific and artistic societies and other comparable organisations in the Republic of Macedonia. It also co-operates with other academies of sciences and arts, and with scientific, scholarly and artistic institutions abroad. The Macedonian state came into being with the First Anti-fascist Assembly of the People's Lib- eration of Macedonia (ASNOM) in 1944. Twenty-three years later, in 1967, the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts was founded. This year it is celebrating its forty-fifth anniversary. A significant period in its development to date has passed. However, as with everything at the turn of the century, it too confronts the great challenges which the new millenium brings. If all things mature through time, if only time can yield their final meaning, it is up to the sciences and the arts to leave their mark on it.

ACADEMICIAN Vlado Kambovski PRESIDENT OF THE ACADEMY

___ 3 ___ THE ILINDEN MONUMENT IN KRUŠEVO: ACADEMICIAN JORDAN GRABULOSKI

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ROOTS

he establishment of this su­p­reme Turkey, the Macedonian­ Revival­ began Macedonian scientific and artistic under the leadership of renowned Mace­ Tin­sti­tution was preceded by 150 donian educationalists, linguists, writers years of development in the humanities:­ and collectors of folk lite­rature. linguistics, literature, historiography,­ ethnology and folklore studies. This was followed by progress in technology, the natural and social sciences and the arts, especially poetry, music, fresco-painting and architecture. Numerous­ Mace­ donian­ intellectuals made their contribution to the development of Macedonian culture in the 19th and 20th centuries. Thus there was a continuity in Ma­ce­donian cultural history though a series of great cultural achievements which led to the foundation of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences DETAIL FROM and Arts. MONUMENT TO The Ohrid Literary School of Ss. SS. CYRIL AND METHODIUS, (BRONZE), OHRID: Clement and Nahum at the end of the ACADEMICIAN 9th and the beginning of the 10th centuries TOME SERAFIMOVSKI prepared the soil for prolific literary, scholarly, educational and artistic In the middle of the XIX century activities in Macedonia.­ This area saw the the archimandrite Partenij­ Zografski­ birth of the first Slavic­ alphabet which (b. Gali~nik, 1818, d. Constantinople,­ then spread throughout the entire Sla­ 1876), who was educated in Thessalo­ ni­ ki,­ vic world. It was the home of the civili­sa­ Athens, Kiev, Mos­cow and St. Petersburg, tion of the Mace­donian Slavs with its high published two textbooks “in the Macedo­­­­­ aesthetic values in literature, the visual ni­an di­a­lect” Kratka Sv®çenna is­ arts, music and architecture. to­ri® na Vetho-i-Novo­zavet­na- After the Crimean War (1853–56), ta C√r­kov√ (A Concise Ecclesiasti­ cal­ when conditions were­ favourable to a Histo­ry of the Old and the New Testament freer ex­pres­sion of their aspirations on Church) in 1857 and Na~alnoe u~e­nie the part of the peoples in Eu­ropean za dƀca-ta (A General Instruction Book

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ST. CLEMENT Grammar of the Articles, in 1857) Partenij OF OHRID, FRESCO (DETAIL). Zo­grafski laid the foundations of modern HOLY MOTHER OF Macedonian philology. GOD PERIBLEPTOS, OHRID, 1295 Dimitrija Miladinov (b. Struga, 1810, d. Constantinople, 1862) was an eminent awakener of Slavic consciousness in Macedonia in the mid-19th century, contributing to the in­tro­­duction of the native language and a Slavic alphabet in schools in Macedonia. He was the first Macedonian­ collector of folk literature and the chief compiler of the anthology of poetry which his brother Kon­stantin published in Zagreb (1861). for Child­ren) in 1858. He also published Konstantin Miladinov (b. Stru­ga, Kratka slav®nska gra­m­matika (A 1830, d. Constantinople, 1862), fo­re­ Concise Slavic Grammar) in 1859. By most representative of 19th century studying the principles of the creation of Macedonian poetry, was brother to one a literary language and the grammatical of the great minds of the Ma­cedonian structure of the Western­ Macedonian Revival, Dimitar Mila­di­nov. After his dialect (P√rva ~ast√ na Gra­mmati­ studies in Athens, he stu­died Slavic kata za ~leno­v∫te (Part One of the Philology at the Uni­versity in Moscow. Apart from the volumes of his poetry he also left behind the unsurpassed anthology of Macedonian folk poetry (1861) which he collected and edited with his brother. Rajko Žinzifov (b. Veles, 1839, d. Moscow, 1877) is the author of the most comprehensive work in the native tongue in the 19th century and a prolific publicist and translator. Grigor Prli~ev (b. Ohrid, 1830, d. PORTRAIT OF ARCHIMANDRITE Ohrid, 1893) is the most outstanding PARTENIE ZOGRAFSKI and most talented representative of (OIL ON CANVAS): th BLAGOJA NIKOLOVSKI Macedonian literature of the 19 cen­

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tury and a leading figure among the ST. NAHUM OF OHRID, Macedonian intellectuals of the period PROCESSIONAL ICON who included Konstantin and Andreja (DETAIL), 14TH C. Petkovi~, Rajko @inzifov, Jordan Had`i Konstantinov­ –D`inot, Gjorgji Dinkata and others. Prli~ev’s fame followed the publication of his long poems, The Sirdar and Sken­derbeg, about life in Macedonia, his Autobiography which was a unique piece of prose writing and his translations of The Iliad and The Odyssey. Having written in three languages he became famous in Macedonian, Greek and Bulgarian literature. Andreja Damjanov (b. Pap­ra­di­­{te, was a Balkan po­lyglot of rare calibre, a 1813, d. Veles, 1878) was one of the textbook wri­ter and a lexicographer most eminent Balkan master-builders. producing his Re~nik† ot† ~etiri His opus includes more than 40 buildings, jezika (Dic­tionary of Four Languages) in most of them churches, for example, the 1873 and Re~nik od tri jezika (Dic­tio­ church of St. Pante­le­imon in Veles (1840), na­ry of Three Lan­guages) in 1875. Pu­lev­ the monaste­ ry­ church of St. Joachim of ski is also the author of the first printed Osogovo, near Kriva Palanka (1845), The grammar of the Macedonian langu­age, Holy Mother of God in the village of Novo Selo near [tip (1850) and St. Nic­ho­las in Kumanovo (1851) as well as his churches in Ni{, Nova Crkva, Mostar,­ Sarajevo, etc. Gjorgjija M. Pulevski (b. Ga­li~­nik, 1817, d. Sofia, 1895) created a bo­­dy of work which marks a crucial chapter in Macedonian history. He published the first collection of po­ems in Macedonian entitled Makedonska­ pesnarka (A Macedonian Poetry Book, vols. I and II) in 1879 and the rst separately published PORTRAIT fi OF KONSTANTIN long revolutionary poem, Sa­movila Make­ MILADINOV (OIL ON CANVAS): donska (A Macedonian­ Fairy) in 1878. He RODOLJUB ANASTASOV

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PORTRAIT Slognica rečovska (Gram­mar) of 1880 as OF GRIGOR PRLIČEV (OIL ON CANVAS): well as the first Slav­ja­no­ma­ke­donska opšta KOLE MANEV istorija (Gene­ ral­ History of the Macedonian­ Slavs) in Macedonian,­ completed in 1892. Marko K. Cepenkov (b. Prilep, 1829, d. Sofia, 1920) whose ethnographic, folkloristic and philological re­ cords Makedonski narodni umo­tvor­­bi (Macedonian Folk Literature, vols. I–X), published together in 1972, in addition WATER-WHEEL to his work in the fields of poetry, prose (OIL ON CANVAS): LAZAR LIČENOSKI and drama, make him the most prolific collector of Mace­ donian­ folk literature in the second half of the 19th and at the be­ginning of the 20th centuries. Kuzman [apkarev (b. Ohrid, 1834, d. Sofia, 1908) was a teacher and was one of the first writers of Ma­cedonian text- books in the 19th century and the most prolific collector and publisher of Mace­ do­nian folk literature, an ethnograp- her and fi­gure of the Macedonian revival. Atanas Badev (b. Prilep, 1860, d. Sofia, 1908) was a Macedonian composer and teacher of music. He studied music in Moscow and St. Petersburg and was taught by, among others, the great Russian composers Balakirev and Rimsky-Korsakov. Badev was thus one of the first Ma­cedonian composers with a formal musical­ education. Apart from his choral adaptations of Ma­cedonian folk songs and children's songs, Badev­ is also the composer of The Li­turgy of St. John Chrysostom (first pub­lished in Leipzig in

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1898), one of the most significant South- PORTRAIT OF MARKO CEPENKOV Slavic works of this genre from the end (OIL ON CANVAS): of the 19th century. ACADEMICIAN DIMITAR KONDOVSKI Vojdan Čеrnodrinski (b. Selce, 1875, d. Sofia, 1951) was the most prolific Macedonian playwright prior to the end of World War II, and the founder of the modern Macedonian theatre, the author of both the most popular Macedonian play of the period, Makedonska krvava svadba (Macedonian­ Blood Wedding­ ) (1900) and the first Ma­ce­donian play in verse, Sre{ta (Meeting) (1903). He was the founder and leader of the Ma­ke­don­­- The most prominent society of this ski zgovor (Macedonian Conc­ord) theatre period, however, is the Ma­ce­donian THE PIT (BRONZE): group in 1894 and the first Macedonian ACADEMICIAN Scientific and Literary So­ci­ety, established DIMO TODOROVSKI theatrical troupe Skrb i uteha (Grief and Comfort) in 1901. The numerous scientific, scho­larly and literary societies established both in Macedonia and abroad are of particular significance for the history of Macedonian science and art. These include: the Young Macedonian Li­te­ra­ry Society (1890–92) and its journal Loza (Vine) (1892) under whose auspices a great number of Ma­ cedonian­ intellectuals were active;­ the Vardar society in Belgrade (1893–94) which led to the first meeting between the greatest Macedonian intellectuals of the time, Krste Mi­sirkov and Di­mi­ trija ^upovski; and the Mace­do­nian Club with its reading room in Bel­grade, which published Balkanski glasnik­ (The Balkan He­rald) in 1902 and laid the foundations of the New Mo­vement.

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in St. Petersburg on 28th October 1902 and presided over by Dimitrija ^upovski. It expanded, establishing branches among the Macedonian expatriates in Sofia (1903) and Odessa (1905), as well as in Bitola and Thessaloniki (1910–13). SEATED FIGURE As part of its numerous scholarly and TAPESTRY: ACADEMICIAN literary activities and with a clearly DIMČE KOCO defined Macedonian national agenda,

PORTRAIT OF DIMITRIJA ČUPOVSKI (OIL ON CANVAS): BLAGOJA NIKOLOVSKI

the society proclaimed the Ma­cedo­ nian language as its official language in Article 12 of the Constitu­ ­tion adopted on 16th Decem­ ­ber 1903. It pub­lished the first book in the modern Macedonian literary language (Za makedonskite raboti – On Mace­do­nian Matters) in 1903 and in 1905 it published Vardar, the first scholarly, scientific and literary journal in contemporary Macedonian, while in 1913 it produced the first Map of Mace­ don­ia. In addition it published­ historical re­cords and other official documents with a clear Ma­ce­donian national ideology and a liberation programme for the preservation of the territorial integrity and freedom of Macedonia (1913–15), as well as the most re­no­­wned journal in Ma­cedonian and Ru­ssi­an Make­don­skii go­los† (Mace­do­nian Voice) (1913–14). It

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designed a Macedonian­ flag (1914) and PORTRAIT OF KRSTE MISIRKOV prepared and published the Programme (OIL ON CANVAS): for a Demo­ ­cratic and Federative Balkan BLAGOJA NIKOLOVSKI Re­public (1917). For these reasons this scholarly institution with its rich literary and na­ tional cultural activity can be considered the foundation upon which the history of the Macedonian Aca­demy was built. The two leading figures working as part of the Macedonian Scien­tific and Literary Society in St. Peters­burg­ were Dimitrija ^upovski and Krs­te Misirkov. Dimitrija Čupovski (b. Pap­ra­di­­{­te, number of articles and official documents, 1878, d. Leningrad, 1940) was one of the publisher of the printed bulletin of the founders of the Society and its President Ma­cedo­nian Colony, and organiser of from 1902 to 1917. The author of a large several Macedonian associations, he

STRUGA MOTIF (OIL ON CANVAS): ACADEMICIAN VANGEL KODŽOMAN

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wrote verse both in Russian and Mace­ do­nian. He produced the first Mace­ ­ donian-Russian­ dictionary, wor­ ked­­ on a Macedonian grammar and an encyclopaedic monograph on Macedonia and the Macedonians. Krste P. Misirkov (b. Postol, 1874, d. Sofia, 1926) was the most prominent Macedonian Slavic scholar, linguist and ST. CLEMENT OF folklorist, a historian of Eu­ro­pean calibre OHRID (WOOD): ACADEMICIAN and ideologist of the new Macedonian BORO MITRIĆESKI national liberation movement. He is the

PORTRAIT OF KOČO RACIN (OIL ON CANVAS): BLAGOJA NIKOLOVSKI

author of Za ma­kedonskite raboti ­(On Mace­do­ni­an Matters) (1903) which is of fun­da­mental importance for the de­ve­lop­ ment of the contem­porary Macedo­ ­nian literary language and its ortho­ graphy,­ as well as author and publisher of the journal Vardar (1905). After the end of World War I, ac­ tivities comparable to those of the above- mentioned societies were undertaken­ by the cultural and educational society Vardar in its offices in Zagreb, Belgrade and Skopje (1935– 38), the Nation and Culture publicist circle in Sofia headed by Kosta Vese­linov (1937–38) and, most impor­ tantly,­ the Macedonian Literary So­ ciety (1936–42) headed by Niko­ la­ Jonkov Vapcarov. Ko~o Racin (b. Veles, 1908, d. Lo­ pu{nik, 1943) was a highly distinguished

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ti­noski, Lazar Li~enoski, Dimitar Avra­ movski – Pandi­ lov,­ Vangel Kod`oman,­ Tomo Vladi­mirski and Dimo To­do­rov­ski became pioneers of the contemporary visual arts in Macedonia whilst the composers Živko Firfov, Stefan Gajdov, Trajko Prokopiev and Todor Skalovski were leading figures in the promotion of contemporary Mace­ do­nian music. A number of Macedonian scientists and among them Sotir To­mov­ski, Petar POLYPTYCH (OIL ON CANVAS); Serafimov, Kiril Žernovski in the field of ACADEMICIAN technical sciences; Mi­hailo D. Petru{evski, DIMITAR KONDOVSKI PORTRAIT OF VOJDAN ČERNODRINSKI (OIL ON CANVAS): RODOLJUB ANASTASOV poet, prose writer, critic, historical thinker, active national figure and the most eminent Macedonian intellectual of the period between the two World Wars. His collection of poems­ Beli mugri (White Dawns) pub­lis­hed in Samobor in 1939 is one of the pivotal poetic works in modern Macedonian­ literature. UNESCO paid tribute to Racin with a volume on his work as part of the Éminentes personalités de la culture slave series (Ko­~o Racin UNESCO, Paris, 1986). In the period between the two World Wars the poetic works of Ko~o Ra­­­cin, Venko Markovski, Kole Ne­del­kovski and Vol~e Naum~eski and the plays of Vojdan Černodrinski, Nikola­ Kirov – Majski, Vasil Iljoski, Ris­to Krle and Anton Panov laid the foun­ ­da­tions of the new Macedonian literature. At the same time Nikola Mar­

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Haralampie Polenaković­ and Gjorgji institutions in Macedonia, the most Šoptrajanov in the field of philology; eminent professors and scientific and Dimitar Ar­sov and Hara­lampi Mančev in scholarly representatives from which the field of medicine; Lazar Babamov in formed and still form the main body the field of agriculture; Todor Mi­rov­ski, of the members of the Mace­donian Borislav­ Blagoev, Lazar Sokolov and Bo­ Academy of Sciences and Arts, all pla­­ ris Arsov in the fields of law and econo­ yed an important part in its foundation. mics all made valuable contributions­ to Thus the great works of Ma­ce­donian the development of the humanities and philologists, linguists, ethnographers, natural sciences in Ma­ce­donia. historiographers and scholars working The University of Ss. Cyril and in the field of the natural and social Methodius, which was founded in sciences and technology, writers, painters, 1946 with the establishment of its first composers and sculp­ ­tors are all linked to faculty, the Faculty of Philo­sophy,­ and the foundation of the Macedonian Aca­ the independent scientific and scholarly demy of Sci­en­ces and Arts.

BEACH (OIL ON CANVAS): ACADEMICIAN VASKO TAŠKOVSKI

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THE ACADEMY TODAY

he Academy's supreme body is the It also elects full, corresponding, Assembly of all of its members. The foreign and honorary members of the Assembly is in charge of passing Academy. The election of members takes Tthe statutory regulations regarding the place every three years by a majority vote in organisation and general activities of the secret ballot of the Academy's full members. Academy such as its Statute, Financial The members are independent in their Plan, the establishment of departments and scientific and scholarly research and artistic scientific, scholarly and artistic units, etc. work and are elected for life. The Assembly elects the President, Vice- The organisational structure of the President and Secretary of the Academy Academy includes the Presidency, six as well as a number of the members of the departments, five research centres, two GENERAL Presidency. technical units and the Academy's Secretariat. ASSEMBLY

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PRESIDENCY

embers of the Presidency are the President, the Vice- President and the Secretary Mof the Academy, the departmental secretaries and one or more members elected by the Assembly. The following individuals have to date been elected to the leading positions in the Academy: BLAŽE KONESKI MIHAILO JORDAN APOSTOLSKI POP-JORDANOV

KSENTE BOGOEV GEORGI EFREMOV MATEJA MATEVSKI cvetan grozdanov GEORGI STARDELOV

Presidents Blaže Koneski, 1967–75; Mihailo Apostolski, 1976–83; Jordan Pop-Jordanov, 1984–91; Ksente Bogoev, 1992– 99; Georgi Efremov, 2000–June 2001; Mateja Matevski, July 2001–2003; Cvetan Grozdanov, 2004–2007; Georgi Stardelov, 2008–2011; Vlado Kambovski, 2012

Vice-Presidents Haralampie Polenaković, 1967–75; Gjorgji Filipovski, 1976–79; Blagoj Popov, 1980–83; Gjorgji Filipovski, 1984–91; Aleksandar Andreevski, 1992–99; Georgi Stardelov, 2000–2003; Momir Polenaković, 2004–2007; Vlado Kambovski, 2008–2011; Bojan Šoptrajanov, 2008–2011; Ljupčo Kocarev, 2012

Secretaries Gjorgji Filipovski, 1967–75; Blagoj Popov, 1976–79; Evgeni Dimitrov, 1980–83; Krum Tomovski, 1984–91; Taško Georgievski, 1992–99; Blaže Ristovski, 2000–2003; Taško Georgievski, 2004; Krum Tomovski, 2005– 2007; Ljupčo Kocarev, 2008–2011; Vlado Matevski, 2012

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The Presidency and other bodies currently consist of the following individuals: President: Vlado Kambovski; Vice-President: Ljupčo Kocarev; Secretary: Vlado Matevski; Members of Presidency: Blaže Ristovski, Goce Petreski, Vladimir Serafimovski, Tome Boševski, Gligor Jovanovski, Luan Starova, Ilija Vaskov and Vlada Urošević. Departmental DEPARTMENTS Secretaries Blaže Ristovski Department FOR Linguistic and Literary Sciences Goce Petreski Department FOR Social Sciences Vladimir Serafimovski Department for Medical Sciences Tome Boševski Department FOR Technical Sciences Gligor Jovanovski Department FOR Natural, Mathematical and Biotechnological Sciences Luan Starova Department FOR Arts Heads of Research Research Centres Centres Gligor Kanevče RESEARCH CENTRE FOR ENERGY, INFORMATICS AND MATERIALS Momir Polenaković RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY “Georgi D. Efremov” Mitko Madžunkov LEXICOGRAPHICAL CENTRE Zuzanna Topolinjska RESEARCH CENTRE FOR AREAL LINGUISTICS “Božidar Vidoeski” Taki Fiti CENTRE FOR STRATEGIC RESEARCH

Heads of Administrative Administrative Departments Departments

Lidija Simovska Secretary of the Secretariat Nada Georgieva Academy Library Goce Aleksoski International Co-operation Department

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DEPARTMENTS

ll the basic activities of the Academy are to be included in the departmental are undertaken under the auspices publications and nominate articles for of its six departments: Department publication in other journals issued by the Afor Linguistic and Literary Sciences, Academy. The departments initiate and Department for Social Sciences; Department evaluate the various scientific and scholarly for Medical Sciences, Department for projects undertaken by the Academy. They Technical Sciences, Department for Natural, put forward proposals for the organisation Mathematical and Biotechnological of scholarly and scientific conferences and Sciences and Department for Arts. symposia, art exhibitions and other cultural Departments review the situation events, confirm the programmes, of work, in the relevant scientific, scholarly and propose candidates for full, corresponding, artistic fields, and give opinions on and honorary and foreign membership of the make proposals for the furtherance and Academy and decide on the nominations the application of contemporary scientific for full membership made by institutions of knowledge and the results of scientific higher education as well as by other scientific research. They discuss proposals for the and artistic institutes and organisations. publication of the artistic achievements The scholarly, scientific and artistic and scientific research of members and projects of the Academy’s members other works submitted to the Academy for are undertaken through the following publication. They also decide which articles departments and research centres.

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MEMBERS OF THE ACADEMY full MEMBERS Department for Linguistic and Literary Sciences he Department covers the following scholarly and scientific fields: Linguistics, Literary Sciences, Philology, Folklore and other related fields. Its members include: TMilan Gjurčinov (Linguistics and Comparative Literature), Petar Hr. Ilievski (Classical Philology), Kata Kulavkova (Theory of Literature and Literary Hermeneutics), Vitomir Mitevski (Ancient Literature: Philosophy, Epic Poetry, Historiography, Byzantine Literature), Gjorgji Pop-Atanasov (Macedonian Church Literature, Biblical Studies, Hermeneutics, Church Hymnography, Hagiography), Blaže Ristovski (History and Linguistics) and Zuzanna Topolinјska (Linguistics and Slavic Studies).

Department for Social Sciences he Department encompasses the scholarly and scientific fields of History, History of Art, Archaeology, the Economy and Finance, Demography, Statistics, Law, Political TSciences, Philosophy, Pedagogy and other fields in the Humanities. Its members are: Abdulmenaf Bedzeti (Macroeconomics – Public Finance), Vera Bitrakova-Grozdanova (Classical archeology and Ancient Archeology of the Balkans), Cvetan Grozdanov (Mediaeval and Byzantine Art), Vlado Kambovski (Criminal Law and Criminology), Ivan Katardžiev (Historical Sciences), Goce Petreski (Economic Development, Investments, International Economic Problems) and Taki Fiti (Macro Economy).

Department for Medical Sciences he Department works in the fields of, Medicine, Stomatology, Pharmacy and other related fields. Its members include: Ilija Filipče (Otorhinolaryngology), Momir H. TPolenaković (Internal Medicine), Nada Pop-Jordanova (Pediatrics), Živko Popov (Urology), Vladimir Serafimoski (Internal Medicine) and Ilija Vaskov (Maxillo-facial Surgery).

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Department for Technical Sciences he Department deals with the following scientific areas: Energetics, Engineering, Technology, Electronics, Automatisation, Computer Sciences, Information TTechnologies, Communication Technology and other technical sciences. Members of the Department are: Alajdin Abazi (Electro-technical Sciences), Tome Boševski (Electrical Engineering), Leonid Grčev (Electronics), Ratko Janev (Nuclear Physics), Gligor Kanevče (Thermodynamics), Ljupčo Kocarev (Computer Sciences) and Jordan Pop-Jordanov (Electrical Engineering).

Department for Natural, Mathematical and Biotechnological Sciences

he Department deals with the following scientific areas: Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Forestry, Biotechnology, Geography, Minerology, Geology, TAgricultural Science, and other Technical Sciences. Its members include: Dončo Dimovski (Mathematics), Gligor Jovanovski (Structural Chemistry), Vlado Matevski (Botany), Blagoj Popov (Mathematics), Gjorgji Filipovski (Agricultural Science – Pedology) and Bojan Šoptrajanov (Chemistry).

Department for Arts he Department covers the fields of Literature, Painting, Sculpture, Art Criticism, Music, Architecture and other related fields. Its members include: Gazanfer Bajram T(Painting), Bogomil Gjuzel (Literature), Mateja Matevski (Literature), Mitko Madžunkov (Literature), Boro Mitrićeski (Sculpture), Božin Pavlovski (Literature), Radovan Pavlovski (Literature), Tome Serafimovski (Sculpture), Georgi Stardelov (Aesthetics), Luan Starova (History of French Literature), Vasko Taškovski (Painting), Vlada Urosević (General and Comparative Literature) and Gligor Čemerski (Painting).

Honorary members: Petar Hadži Boskov and Boris Evgenevich Paton, Ukraine.

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FOREIGN MEMBERS OF THE ACADEMY

he Macedonian Academy of Sciences achievements have left a profound mark and Arts has among its members a on the development of the sciences and Tnumber of scientists, scholars and arts particularly in Macedonia but also artists from other countries whose high throughout the world.

In the Department for Linguistic and Literary Sciences: Ilija Čašule, Australia, (Linguistics); and Croatian Literatures); Christina Kramer, Henadz Apanasavich Cychun, (Slavic Canada (Slavic Studies); Predrag Matvejević, Studies), Belarus, Ivan Dorovsky, Czech Croatia, (Literary Science); Nullo Minissi, Republic (History of Literature); Victor Italy (Philology); Wlodzimierz Pianka, Friedman, USA (Slavic and Balkan Austria (Slavic Philology); Rina Pavlovna Philology); Kajetan Gantar, Republic Usikova, Russia (Slavic Philology); Zdenka of Slovenia (Classic Philology); Alla Ribarova, Czech Republic (Slavic Philology); Genadevna Sesken, Russia (Slavic Studies); Oleksey Semyonovich Onischenko, Ukraine Radomir Ivanović, Serbia (Literary Science); (Philosophy) and Krzysztof Wrocławski , Goran Kalodjera, Republic of Croatia (Slavic Poland (Slavonic Studies).

In the Department for Social Sciences: Isak Adizes, USA (Economy); Robert Ilber Ortayli, Turkey (Historu nad History of Badinter, France (Law), Josef C. Brada, USA Art); Slobodan Perović, Montenegro (Law (Economy); James R. Wiseman, USA (History Sciences); Yevgeny Maksimovich Primakov, of Art and Classical Archology); Mihaljo Dika, Russia, (Oriental Studies); Andrew Rossos, Republic of Croatia (Law Sciences); Momir Canada (History); Vlado Strugar, Serbia Gjurović, Montenegro, (Electro-technical (History); Gojko Subotić, Serbia, (History of Sciences); Ekmeledin İhsanoğlu, Turkey Art); Razvan Theodorescu, Romania (History (Otoman History, Culture and Civilization); of Art).

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In the Department for Medical Sciences:

Andrew Dwork, USA (Medicine); Horst Ljubisa Rakić, Serbia (Medicine); Gorazd Klinkmann, Germany (Internal Medicine); Rosoklija, USA, (Medicine); Antonie Ferid Murad, USA (Pharmacology); Rainer Škoklev, Serbia (Maxillofacial Surgery) Ingo Peter Kotz, Austria (Orthopaedics); and Felix Unger, Austria (Medicine).

In the Department for Technical Sciences:

Jürgen Kurths, Germany (Technical M. Ristić, Serbia (Technology); and Simeon Sciences, Physics, Chemistry); Momcilo Oka, Serbia (Thermodynamics).

In the Department for Natural, Mathematical and Biotechnological Sciences

Hari M. Srivastava, Canada, Chemistry) and Ivo Šlaus, Croatia (Physical (Mathematics and Statistics); Dušan Hadži, Organic Chemistry). Republic of Slovenia (Physical Organic

In the Department for Arts:

Ali Aliu, Kosovo (Theory of Lite- (Literature); Justo Jorge Padrón, rature); Dumitru M. Jon, Romania Spain, (Literature); Phiilippe Roberts- (Literature); Ljubomir Levčev, Bulgaria Jones, Belgium (History of Art); Goran (Literature), Ivan Minatti, Republic of Stefanovski, Great Britain (Literature), Kiro Slovenia (Literature); Edgar Morin, France Urdin, Belgium (Painting) Risto Vasilevski, (Philosophy); Miodrag Pavlović, Serbia Serbia (Literature) and Vladimir Veličković, (Literature); Sreten Perović, Montenegro, France (Painting).

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RESEARCH PROJECTS

ollected Works of Blaže Koneski Antiquity Period and Early Middle Ages, Department – Critical Edition; Gregory’s Balkan Image of the World. CTranslation of the Damaskin Studit’s Projects undertaken by members of the for Linguistic ‘Thesaurus; Collected Works of Krste P. Department through the Research Centre and Literary Misirkov; Slavic Presentations of Europe. for Areal Linguistics Božidar Vidoeski are Sciences Between the Real and the Imaginary, listed in the section devoted to activities of Comparative Studies; Spiritual Life in Late the Centre.

resco Paintings of the Church St. the Republic of Macedonia; Vasil Ivanovski Department Mary (St. Clement) and the Art of on the Political and State Self-determination FOhrid Archbishopric in the XIII and and Unification of the Macedonian People. for Social XIV Centuries; Golem Grad and Prespa; Projects undertaken by members of the Sciences The World Economic Crisis from 2007/2008 Department through the Centre for Strategic and the Implications on the Macedonian Research are listed in the section devoted Economy; Unemployment Determinants in to activities of the Centre.

nfluence of environmental changes on Tumors, associated with Balkan Endemic Department human health, with emphasis on the Nephropathy – Speific and Common Isituation in Veles and its surrounding; molecular pathways; Macedonian Center for Medical The Role of Liver Biopsy Directed by for Ultrastructural Studies in Schizophrenia; Sciences Ultrasound in the Differentiation of Liver Golgi Studies in Schizophrenia. Diseases; Establishment of Bank of Urinary Projects undertaken by members Bladder Tumors and their Derivates and of the Department through the Genetic Analysis of Molecular Markers Relevant Engineering and Biotechnology Research in the Assessment of the Reoccurrence Centre are listed in the section devoted to and Progression of the Disease; Bell’s activities of the Centre. Paralysis. Multicentric Study; Uroepithelial

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Department ynchronized Work of the Nuclear and Unexpected Phenomena in Complex Power Plant with Reversible Networks; Modulation of Electric Brain for Technical SHydropower Plant; Electromagnetic Oscillations. Sciences Influences, Analysis Methods and Projects undertaken by members of the Protection; Dynamics of the Atomic Department through the Research Centre Collision Processes; Development of for Energy, Informatics and Materials are Methods for Strategic Planning in Energy listed in the section devoted to activities of Sector; Diagnosing Vulnerability, volatility the Centre.

Department eometrical-topological and Salts and Complexes; Classification of Algebraic-combinatorial the Soils by Regions in the Republic of for Natural, GProblems; Natural Hard Macedonia as a basis for development of Mathematical Substances Research; Experimental and Pedolgical Maps; The Flora of the Republic and Biotech- Theoretical Studies of Simple and Double of Macedonia. nological Sciences

Department ctualization of the Tradition and – Inexhaustible Water Currents; Balkan Folklore in the work of Racin Saga – Reception; Alexander the Great; for Arts Aand Lorka; Notes (1960 –2010); The Woman as an Inspiration; Associative The Gardner and His Desert; Triology Landscapes.

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RESEARCH CENTERS

he Research Centre for Energy, In- 8. Regional Energy Security and Market Research formatics and Materials (ICEIM) Development (RESMD) – Phase II; was established on 28 February 9. Cross sections for Collision Processes Centre T1986. of Light Atomic and Molecular for Energy, As part of the Macedonian Academy Impurities in Fusion Edge / Divertor Informatics of Sciences and Arts, the role of ICEIM is Plasmas. to initiate and coordinate national research and Materials programs and to conduct researches on high ICEIM is a focal point of IAEA for level in certain fields. Macedonia – Electricity and energy file The current researches in ICEIM and methodologies of UNESCO and of include nine research projects funded by the World Solar Process. The Center is a foreign funds: member of International Network of Centers for Sustainable Development and is also the 1. Emerging EMF Technologies and seat of the Macedonian National Committee Health Risk Management; of World Energy Council. Based on the 2. Supermodeling by Combining Imperfect success of competitions of the European Models (SUMO); Union, ICEIM has been accepted as a center 3. Optimization and Performance of excellence, fulfilling the criteria of the Enhancement of Complex Networks World Interacademy Council relating to Using Sensors; such centers. 4. Non-coherent Communication for In the work of the Centre are engaged: Future Wireless Networks; six Academics, one Professor, two Assistants 5. The Development of the 2012-2016 Researchers, two Junior Researchers Implementation Program for the Volunteers and one Administrative Secretary. Energy Strategy in the Republic of The realization of the research projects of Macedonia Until 2030; ICEIM involves and 35 external associates. 6. EURAXESS - Researchers in Motion; ICEIM cooperates with numerous 7. Macedonian Green Growth & Climate domestic and foreign scientific institutions Change Analytic and Advisory Support on joint scientific projects, specializations, Program – Energy Sector Modeling; study stays and lectures.

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Research Centre he Research Center for Genetic equipment for research in genomics and Engineering and Biotechnology proteomics have been procured. for Genetic Engi- (ICGIB) was founded in 1986 ICGIB staff consists of scientific and neering and Bio- Tas a scientific unit of the Macedonian administrative-technical workers. The technology Academy of Sciences and Arts. Founder scientific research staff includes 4 Scientific and longtime director and chief instigator Workers, 6 Researches employed within “Georgi D. of the ICGIB activities was Academician the infrastructure project of the European Efremov” Georgi D. Efremov, and after his death Commission, two Young Associates involved in May 2011, the Center was renamed in the application activity of the center and into the Research Center for Genetic En- three Administrative-Technical workers. gineering and Biotechnology “Georgi D. Researchers are constantly staying Efremov”. in the ICGIB within the specialization The main goal of ICGIB is advancing in Medical Genetics, postgraduates and scientific knowledge in the field of protein doctoral candidates who prepare parts of chemistry, molecular biology, genetic their theses in ICGIB, graduate students engineering and biotechnology, through volunteers and undergraduates from the scientific research, educational and practical Institute of Biology who perform practice courses for young scientific staff and during the summer months. postgraduate studies. Over the past 25 years more than 30 ICGIB acts as a national reference research projects have been realized in the center for research, education and ICGIB, most of them in the field of molecular application of new technologies in the medicine, such as molecular characterization biomedical sciences and biomolecular of the most common monogenic hereditary sciences. ICGIB is the largest and most diseases in Macedonia and the neighboring important institution in our country in the countries, molecular epidemiology of field of molecular genetics that has gained infectious diseases, molecular bases of the wide international recognition. most common malignant disease and DNA Since its establishing, the Center has markers in human identification. Projects been equipped with modern and sophisticated from other areas have been conducted research equipment. In the last three years in ICGIB, such as genetic testing of the within the project “National reference center Ohrid trout, isolation and production of for genomics and proteomics”, funded by Taq polymerase, molecular identification the European Commission and the initiative of tobacco sort, identification of bacterial of the Government of the Republic of sorts in the cave Vrelo etc. Macedonia for the modernization of The following projects and programs research laboratories, the most advanced are in progress:

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• The study of molecular defects presented with more than 200 posters or oral of numerous monogenic diseases presentations at international and national (haemoglobinopathies, cystic fibrosis, scientific meetings. muscular dystrophy, hemophilia A, Since 2001 ICGIB - Macedonian spinal muscular atrophy, Huntington’s Academy of Sciences and Arts have been disease, fragile X syndrome, preparing and have been publishing the hereditary deafness, Friedrich’s international scientific Balkan Journal of ataxia, haemochromatosis, cystinuria, Medical Genetics. phenylketonuria, galactosaemia, ICGIB is the first institution in the Rett syndrome, Darier’s syndrome, Republic of Macedonia, which has begun Achondroplasia, etc.); to use the techniques of recombinant DNA • Genetics of Infertility; technology in the diagnosis and prevention • Molecular basis of malignant disease of inherited, malignant and infectious (cancer of the breast, prostate, testes, diseases and in forensic medicine. uterus, lungs, etc.); Besides research and applied activities, • Quick and noninvasive methods for one of the primary goals of ICGIB is prenatal diagnosis; education of young scientists through • The study of DNA markers in research. In the past 25 years numerous the population of the Republic of young scientific personnel have been Macedonia and application in forensic educated in ICGIB in the field of molecular medicine and criminology; biology and the techniques of genetic • The study of infectious diseases engineering and biotechnology. (Human Papilloma Virus in women ICGIB cooperates with numerous with cervical changes, hepatitis B and institutions of the Republic of Macedonia, C virus infection and its role in the medical institutions from the neighboring etiology of chronic hepatic disease and countries, and with many scientific hepatocellular carcinoma). institutions from various European and In the past 25 years, as a result of the world countries. The cooperation with these research work in the Center, more than institutions includes collaboration on joint 150 scientific papers have been published, scientific research projects, specialization mostly in international journals. The results and training of scientific personnel, invited of the scientific work of ICGIB have been lecturers and exchange of literature.

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Lexicographical he Lexicographical center, as a The first is the preparation of theMacedonian scientific unit of the Academy was scientific and technical terminology, which Centre established on 28 September 2000. ultimate goal is the preparation of final TThe center deals with the preparation lexicographic editions of the working and publication of encyclopedic, terminology materials in the Bulletin bibliographical, terminological and Macedonian terminology, of which 113 issues lexicographic other lexicographic have been published so far. The second is the publications, and with the establishing of a work on the macro project History of the database on the Macedonian culture and art. Macedonian Culture which studies the overall Numerous projects have been realized material and spiritual culture on the soil of within the Centre relating to the discovery, Macedonia from prehistoric times until today. research and systemizing of different parts of The research results have been published in the Macedonian culture and art. In the Center 23 books so far. was prepared and published the Macedonian In the Lexicographical Center, apart encyclopedia (in 2 volumes), which presents from the numerous external collaborators, the historical and contemporary entirety of constantly are engaged one Assistant the Macedonian civilization. Researcher, one Junior Assistant Researcher The center is working on two long-term and a Technical Secretary. research projects of fundamental importance. Research Center he Research Center for Areal Atlas. OLA is an international, multilateral Linguistics “Bozidar Vidoeski” project coordinated by the International for Areal Twas established on 28 Committee of Slavists. The goal is to present Linguistics September 2000. The center researches the a typological differentiation of Slavic “Božidar role of the factor space in the life and in the speeches and paths of that differentiation. evolution of the language. The multicultural ELA, under the international title Atlas Vidoeski” and multilingual Balkan environment is an Linguarum Europae (ALE), represents a ideal base for research in the field of areal cartographic projection of the lexicon, in linguistics, i.e. for the developing of the perspective and of the grammatical structure theory of interlingual contacts and to study of all languages ​​of Europe, regardless of the mechanisms of linguistic interference. their origin and legal status. The excerption The Center works on the following is implemented according to partial projects: questionnaires. The lexical part of the ELA 1. International linguistic atlases, brings above all, information about the i.e. 1.1. General Slavic Linguistic Atlas cultural layers in the European homonymy. (OLA), 1.2. European Linguistic Atlas The Small Balkan Dialect Atlas represents (ELA), and 1.3. Small Balkan Dialect the first attempt to present cartographic

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differentiation of the languages ​​belonging what ​​is “Balkan” in the structure of Balkan to the so-called Balkan linguistic union. Slavic languages. 2. The place of the Macedonian language The Center prepares the Bibliography of in the Slavic and Balkan linguistic world. Macedonian Language as a continuance of the The work on the project began in 2001. The work initiated by B. Vidoeski in his Appendix project aims is to determine the geography to the Bibliography of the Macedonian of morph syntax patterns characteristic Language, Skopje 1953. Simultaneously, for the members of the Balkan linguistic the Macedonian part is prepared for the union and to determine their status in the Slavic bibliography published in Poland and functional (pragmatical, semantic) structure for the linguistic bibliography published in of the relevant language codes (standard and the Netherlands. The Center is working on dialect). The starting point of analysis is the the electronic sound and textual data of the situation in the Macedonian language. The Macedonian standard and dialect language. project is conducted under the theory “smysl The work on the electronic data of the > tekst”. The subject of analysis is the form Macedonian standard language started from of realization of certain category meanings in the need to create a base for excerption within the Balkan and Slavic languages. The Slavic the project dedicated to the analysis of morph parallels serve as a benchmark to determine syntax balkanisms.

he Center for Strategic Research and external scientific workers from various Centre For is a scientific unit of the Academy, scientific fields that are constantly engaged founded on 28 September 2000. in the research and consulting activities. Strategic TThe tasks of the Centre are: promotion, The center is in contact with domestic Research organization and implementation of and foreign institutions for the preparation researches, lectures and public discussions of joint research programs. It organizes on strategic issues of national and conferences – roundtables on current issues international importance for the Republic with the participation of famous domestic of Macedonia. The center continually and foreign scientists. researches the problems, phenomena and The center conducts exchange of relations from historical, geopolitical, scientific personnel, papers and documents economic, social, cultural and security with a number of countries in the world, nature and in terms of their long-term primarily with the neighboring countries. and medium-term significance for the For the realization of its tasks the development of the Republic of Macedonia Centre is open to an active cooperation with as an independent and sovereign state. institutions and organizations at home and In the Centre work renowned internal abroad with similar nature of activities.

___ 29 ___ MACEDONIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS

CONFERENCES AND ARTISTIC PRESENTATIONS

n the last four and a half decades of energy in Macedonia and Ukraine; the in the Macedonian Academy have Scientific cooperation between Ukraine and Ibeen held more than 200 scientific Macedonia in geology and mineralogy. and solemn meetings and a number of Macedonia and Russian Balkan policy exhibitions, concerts and promotions. from the Berlin Congress to the First World Some of the meetings are the following: War; Macedonia and Russia / USSR (history Cyril and Methodius (old Slavic) – politics – culture) from the First World period and Cyril and Methodius tradition War until the establishment of the modern in Macedonia; Clement of Ohrid and the Macedonian state (1914–1944); Russia role of the Ohrid Literary School in the (USSR) and Macedonia: history, politics, development of the Slavic education; Fifty culture (1944–1991) years of the Macedonian language science; Bogomilism in the Balkans in light of Macedonian dialects in Aegean Macedonia; recent researches; ASNOM in the creating Macedonian literature and culture in the of the statehood of the Macedonian people; context of Mediterranean cultural sphere; 100 years since the founding of VMRO and VIII International Mycenaean Congress; 90 years of Ilinden; Macedonia in the Balkan The work of Blaže Koneski – achievements Wars and in the First World War; Science and perspectives; the Work of Krste and culture for a shared future of Southeast Misirkov: Theories and methods of areal Europe; Ethno-cultural and political aspects linguistics; Classics – Paleo Slavistics – of the formation of the Macedonian nation Balkan Studies; Balkan image of the world; in the Balkan cultural and historical context; Memory and interpretation; Areal linguistics the Balkans in the new millennium; Open as a path to reconstruction of linguistic and challenges of the Macedonian economy; cultural evolution; Macedonian language the Republic of Macedonia – 60 years of science – facts and perspectives. ASNOM; Current demographic trends in Macedonian-Ukrainian cultural the Republic of Macedonia in the light of the relations (X–XX century); Days of results of population census in 2002 year; Science of the Republic of Macedonia in Jane Sandanski and the Macedonian liberation Ukraine; Science in the approximation of (marking 90 years since his murder); On the Macedonia and Ukraine to the European traces of Acad. Vojislav J. Djuric; Republic Union; Ukrainian-Macedonian parallels of Macedonia, Bulgaria and the Macedonian in history and present; Facts and problems emigration in Bulgaria (1944–1948);

___ 30 ___ MACEDONIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS

A SCIENTIFIC MEETING

The evolution of the constitutional security and human development; Seventh system of the Republic of Macedonia International Ataturk Congress; Evliya in expectation of adopting the EU Celebi’s Balkan. Constitutional Treaty; Methods of Long-term economic development of harmonization of the national legislation SR Macedonia until 2000; Uneven regional with the EU acquis; Codification of the development in the economic theory and Macedonian civil and commercial law; practice; Problems of the demographic European human rights standards and development of SR Macedonia; Ecology their implementation in the legal system and economy in terms of Macedonia; of the Republic of Macedonia; Reform Basic problems of economic transition; of institutions and its importance for the the Current problems of the economic development of the Republic of Macedonia; transition in Macedonia and Bulgaria; Methods of evaluation of judicial reforms Revitalization and new technologies in the Republic of Macedonia. in the economy of the SR Macedonia; Conference on promotion of economic Environment protection; National strategy relations between the Republic of Macedonia of the economic development of the and Republic of Turkey; Hundred years Republic of Macedonia; Macroeconomic since the proclamation of the Young Turk policy in the field of finances (marking Revolution and its impact on the situation in 80 years of life and 50 years of teaching Macedonia; Fourth International Congress - and scientific activity of Acad. Ksente Islamic civilization in the Balkans; Energy, Bogoev); Coins and mints in Macedonia;

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Discovery and study of Macedonia in the Macedonia; Religions and religious aspects European science until the formation of the of the material and spiritual culture on the Macedonian state institutions; International soil of Macedonia; Folklore on the soil of conference marking the 100 years since Macedonia; History of ideas on the soil of the birth of Acad. Michael D. Petrusevski Macedonia; Life and work of Aco Shopov; (1911–1990); Twenty years of independence Science and art; and others. of the Republic of Macedonia (1991–2011); The Macedonian Academy of Sciences Long-term Energy Development in and Arts has a regular and systematic activity SR Macedonia; Renewable electricity in the organization of art exhibitions in its Art sources in Macedonia; Geothermal energy: gallery. So far, over 100 exhibitions of artists, situation and prospects in the Republic of members of the Macedonian Academy of Macedonia; Actual electricity issues in Sciences and Arts and of foreign academies Macedonia; Physics of condensed matter; have been organized. The works of the Polyadic algebraic structures; Algebraic founders of the contemporary Macedonian and vector value structures; International art have been presented in the Academy: mathematical conference devoted to Acad. Nikola Martinoski, Lazar Lichenoski, Georgi Chupona (marking 80 years since Vangel Kodzoman, Dimitar Avramovski- his birth); Pandilov, Borko Lazeski, Jordan Grabuloski, Primary liver cancer; Modern aspects Dimche Koco, Dimo ​​Todorovski, Keraca of viral hepatitis; Artificial organs today: Visulcheva, as well as of the contemporary from in vitro assessment to human therapy; Macedonian artists: Tome Serafimovski, Scientific symposium dedicated to the Dimitar Kondovski, Vasko Tashkovski, World Kidney Day; Achievements in the Slavko Janevski, Boro Mitrikjeski, Kiro internal medicine on the occasion of 100 Urdin, Kole Manev, Dimitar Malidanov, years since the birth of Acad. Dimitar Vladimir Georgievski, Dancho Kalchev, Arsov; Scientific symposium in honor of Gligor Chemerski, Trajce Janchevski, Arch. Acad. Momir Polenakovic marking the Janko Konstantinov, Nikola Jankovikj, 70th anniversary of his birth; Progression Taki Pavlovski, Blagoja Kolev, Alexandar of chronic kidney disease and managing risk Stankovski, Arch. Georgi Konstantinovski. factors in patients on dialysis; An exhibition has been held titled Treasury of Macedonian folklore in the music and Slovenian graphics (1955–2005). Exhibitions drama works until 1945; Ethnic traditions of numerous foreign authors, members of and present; Civilizations on the soil of Balkan and European academies have been Macedonia; Languages ​​on the soil of presented in the Academy.

___ 32 ___ MACEDONIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS

PUBLISHING AND PUBLICATIONS

ts publishing activity plays a very Realism (1995); Foreign Influences on important part in the work of the Macedonian Literature and Culture in the IMacedonian Academy of Sciences and 50s and 60s (1996); A Collection of Studies Arts. More than 500 titles have been published Dedeicated to Academician Blaže Koneski since the foundation of the Academy. The (1995); Blaže Koneski: The Language of majority of these are monographs, research Macedonian Folk Poetry (1971); Zbignew project results and the proceedings scientific Golab: The Arumanian Dialect of Kruševo and scholarly conferences and symposia, re- in SR Macedonia, SFR Yugoslavia (1984); issued older editions, anniversary editions, Olivera Jašar-Nasteva: Turkish Elements joint editions with other academies, as well in the Language and Style of Macedonian as ‘Prilozi’ (Contributions), the departmental Folk Songs (1987); Ivan Dorovski: Studies periodicals issued twice a year. of Balkan Literature in the 19th and 20th The following is a selective list of the Centuries (1992); František Vaclav Mareš: Academy’s publications: 1100th Anniversary Macedonian Grammar (1994); Zuzanna of the Death of Cyril of Thessaloniki (1970); Topolinjska: Macedonian Dialects in Psalterium Sinaiticum (An 11th Century Aegean Part of Macedonia, Book I, Syntax, Glagolitic Manuscript from St. Catherine’s Vol. I–2 (1995, 1997); Zuzanna Topolinjska: Monastery, Mt. Sinai, published in 1971); Macedonian-Bulgarian Contrastive Studies Evangelium Dobromiri (The Dobromir (1996); Božidar Vidoeski: The Dialects of Gospel. A 12th Century Cyrillic Manuscript, published in 1973); Strumica (Macedonian) Apostle (A Cyrillic Monument from the 13th Century, published in 1990); Studia Linguistica Polono-Jugoslavica (1982); Tractata Mycenaea (1987); The Period of Cyril and Methodius (Old Slavic) and Cyril and Methodius Tradition in Macedonia (1988); Clement of Ohrid and the Role of the Ohrid Literary School in the Development of the Slavic Literacy (1989); The Freedom and the Aspirations towards Freedom in the Contemporary Macedonian Literature (1990); Macedonian Literature and Art THE DOBROMIR in the Context of the Poetics of Social GOSPEL (FRAGMENT)

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the Macedonian Language, Vol. 1–3 (1998, 1999); Blaže Ristovski: A History of the Macedonian Nation (1999). Cultural History of Macedonia: Civilisations on Macedonian Soil (1995); Languages in Macedonia (1996); Religions and Religious Aspects of the Material and Spiritual Culture in Macedonia (1996); Folklore on Macedonian Soil (1997); Music on Macedonian Soil (1999). Goce Delčev and the Macedonian National Revolutionary Movement (1973); Macedonia in the Eastern Crisis (1875–1881) (1978); The Kresna Uprising in Macedonia (1878–1879) (1982); Bogumilism in the Balkans in the Light of the Macedonian People: The History of the Latest Research (1982); Historia e popullit Macedonian People (1986); Macedonia in maqedonas (1983); The Ethnogenesis the Wars between 1912 and 1918 (1991); of the Yuruks and their Settlement in the Macedonia and its Relations with Greece Balkans (1986); Macedonia and the (1993); A Hundred Years on from the Foundation of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organisation and Ninety Years on from the Ilinden Uprising (1994); ASNOM – Fifty Years of the Macedonian State (1944–1994) (1995); Archaeological Map of the Republic of Macedonia, Vol. I and II (1994, 1997); Aleksandar Matkovski: The Diyet (Blood Feud) in Macedonia and in the Balkans Under Ottoman Rule (1973); Žamila Kolomonos, Vera Vesković Vangeli: The Jews in Macedonia During the Second World War (1941–1945), Vol. I and II (1986); Aleksandar Hristov, Mihailo Minoski: The Idea of Federation in the Macedonian National Liberation Movement and its Programmatic Basis (1878–1935)

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(1980); Kiril Micevski: The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia, Vol. I, Books 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (1985, 1994, 1995, 1998, 2001, 2005); Kiril Micevski: Vegetation of Mt. Bistra (1994); Gjorgji Filipovski: Soil of the Republic of Macedonia, Vol. I, II, III and IV (1995, 1996, 1997, 1998); Gjorgji Filipovski: The Characteristics of the Climate-Vegetation-Soil Zones (Regions) in the Republic of Macedonia (1996); The Long-Term Development of the Energetics in SR Macedonia (1986–2005) (1990). Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma (1989); Current Issues of Viral Hepatitis (1991); Current Aspects of Virus Hepatitis with (1994); Aleksandar Matkovski: Nomad Particular Attention to Hepatitis C (1994); P. Sheep-Farming in Macedonia from 14th to Davčev: Cancer of the Liver (1990); 10 Years 19th Centuries (1996); Macedonia Questions since the Foundation of the Research Centre of History and Culture (1999). for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Uneven Regional Development in (1996); Georgi Efremov: Molecular- Economic Theory and Practice (1980); Biological Aspects of Cancer (1998). Problems of Demographic Development in SR Macedonia (1985); The Long-Term Economic Development of SR Macedonia until 2000 (1986); Ecology and the Economy in the Circumstances of the Republic of Macedonia (1994); Economic Transition (1994); National Development Strategy for Macedonia (1997); Export Strategy for the Republic of Macedonia (1999). The Ethnic Traditions and the Contemporaneity (1989); Ethnology of the Macedonians (1996); Symposium on the Problems of the Regulation of Lake Ohrid (1974); Malesh and Pijanets: Natural and Socio-Geographic Characteristics

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INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION

Academy of Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences and Arts, Romanian Academy, Royal Flemish Academy of Sciences and Arts, Royal Society of London, Royal Swedish Academy of Literature, Russian Academy of Sciences, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts and the Turkish Academy of Sciences. The agreements on academic and scientific cooperation include cooperation on joint research projects, participation in conferences and artistic events, study MOSAIC FROM he Macedonian Academy of stays, exchange of scientific experience, HERACLEA LYNCESTIS, BITOLA Sciences and Arts has established a publications and other information. cooperation with many academies The Macedonian Academy of Sciences T and Arts is a member of the Association in the world: Austrian Academy of Sciences, Academy of Social Sciences of of European Academies (ALLEA), the Australia, Academy of Sciences and Arts International Union of Academies of Brussels of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Academy of (UAI), the Mediterranean Academy, the Inter Sciences of the Czech Republic, Albanian Academy Panel on International (IAP), the Academy of Sciences, British Academy, International Council for Science (ICSU), the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Chinese Inter Academy Council for Southeast Europe, Academy of Social Sciences, Croatian and cooperates with the European Academy Academy of Sciences and Arts, Estonian of Sciences and Arts of Salzburg. Academy of Sciences, Hungarian Academy Beside the academic scientific of Sciences, Italian National Research cooperation, the Macedonian Academy Council, Leibniz Society of Sciences from of Sciences and Arts communicates and Berlin, Montenegrin Academy of Sciences exchanges opinions and experiences on and Arts, National Academy of Sciences various issues of mutual interest with of Belarus, National Academy of Sciences other foreign academies and international of Ukraine, History and Antiquities, Polish scientific organizations.

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INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION THE ACADEMY ARCHIVES

he Archives are a specialised PSALTERIUM SINAITICUM department of the Academy. Their AN 11TH CENTURY role is to collect, house, process, GLAGOLITIC T MANUSCRIPT FROM protect and make available archive materials ST. CATHERINE'S produced by scientific, scholarly and MONASTERY, MT. SINAI artistic institutions, by the Academy or its individual members or by other individuals whose work is relevant to the sciences and arts in Macedonia. The work of the Archives is carried out under the supervision of the Archives Committee comprised of representatives of the Academy’s Departments and Research Centres. The remit of the Archives encompasses the entire territory of the dates from the 19th and 20th centuries. The Republic of Macedonia. The Academy Archives hold materials on the subjects of Archives are the only independent Archives History, Literature, Ethnology, Folklore, apart from the official archives of the Linguistics, Visual Arts, Architecture, Republic of Macedonia. Music, Law, the Economy, Medicine, The Archives obtain materials by Heraldry, Biology, etc. The documents and means of cession, bequest, gift, purchase manuscripts are in a number of languages: and deposit and on other legal grounds Macedonian, Old Slavonic, Serbian, but always under the supervision and Croatian, Russian, Bul­ga­rian, Greek, recommendation of the Commission for Turkish, French, English...­ Examination and Evaluation of Archive The Archives have a library of Materials. more than 75,000 books, as well as 118 The Academy Archives are at the contemporary manuscripts, 317 rare books, moment in charge of 129 individual 183 microfilms, 81 magnetic tapes, 300 holdings, the original Academy Archive of video and phono records, 125 charters, 1967, 15 collections and 16 projects. 140 plaques, 250 musical manuscripts, 122 The oldest fragment held is an Old individual archive documents, a collection Slavonic document dating from the 14th of more than 17,000 photographs and a century whereas the main body of material collection of 450 paintings and sculptures.

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THE ACADEMY LIBRARY

THE RADOMIR GOSPEL (FRAGMENT) he Library is a specialised section The Library is managed by the Library of the Academy whose role is to Committee consisting of members of the Tobtain, process and hold library Academy, who outline general direction and materials and to facilitate the promotion of set a policy on acquisition. scientific, scholarly and artistic activities The Library exchanges materials with undertaken by the Academy. It also runs an more than 450 Macedonian and foreign exchange of the Academy’s publications institutions. It obtains more than two thirds with the publications of other Academies of its annual acquisition through this kind of and scientific institutions in Macedonia and exchange. abroad. It gathers bibliographic information Its policy is primarily to collect scientific and collects and catalogues materials relevant and scholarly publications (encyclopaedias, to the scholarly, scientific and artistic work lexicons, dictionaries, etc.); major works of of the members of the Academy. science and art worldwide; materials from The Library of the Macedonian Academy scientific and scholarly conferences and of Sciences and Arts holds more than 160,000 symposia held in Macedonia and abroad, titles, 54,000 of which are monographs and and Macedonian and foreign monographs, about 100,000 issues of 1,500 journals and magazines and journals. magazines, 200 of which are of Macedonian and 1,300 of foreign origin.

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CONTENTS

Roots 5 The Academy Today 15 Presidency 16 Departments 18 Members of the Academy 19 Foreign Members of the Academy 21 Research Projects 23 Research Centres 25 Scientific Conferences, Symposia and Cultural Events 30 Publishing and Publications 33 International Co-operation 36 The Academy Archives 37 The Academy Library 38

___ 39 ___ House of Urania – Ohrid

Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts Bul. Krste Misirkov, No. 2, P.O. Box 428 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia www.manu.edu.mk

Secretariat Research Centre for Energy, Research Centre for Genetic Tel.: ++ 389(0)2 3235–400 Informatics and Materials Engineering and Biotechnology Fax: ++ 389(0)2 3235-500 Tel./Fax: ++ 389(0)2 3235-423 “Georgi D. Efremov” E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Tel/Fax: ++ 389(0)2 3235-411 E-mail: [email protected]

Lexicoraphical Centre Areal Linguistics Reaserch Centre Centre for Strategic Reasearch Tel.: ++ 389(0)2 3235-530 “Božidar Vidoeski” Tel.: ++ 389(0)2 3535-540; Fax: ++ 389(0)2 3235-531 Tel.: ++ 389(0)2 3235-400 Fax: ++ 389(0)2 3235-541 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: ++ 389(0)2 3235-500 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]