MACEDONIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS SKOPJE 2012 Editorial Board: Acad. Vlado Matevski Acad. Vitomir Mitevski Lidija Simovska ACADEMICIAN VlADo KAMboVsKI, PREsIDENT oF THE ACADEMY The Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts was established by the Macedonian Assembly on 22nd February 1967 as the highest scientific, scholarly and artistic institution in the country with the aim of monitoring and stimulating the sciences and arts. The Academy's objectives are to survey the cultural heritage and natural resources, to assist in the planning of a national policy regarding the sciences and arts, to stimulate, co-ordinate, organise and conduct scientific and scholarly research and to promote artistic achievement, especially where particularly relevant to the Republic of Mace- donia. The Academy facilitates scholarly, scientific and artistic endeavour on the part of its members and encourages the use of the most up-to-date methodology and scientific information and the results of the latest research. It also works on developing international co-operation in the fields of the sci- ences and arts. As an independent scientific and artistic institution the Academy achieves these objectives by basic, developmental and applied research, comprehensive and inter-disciplinary research projects, by organising scientific and scholarly conferences and symposia, by publishing the results of the same and of other scientific and artistic research and by organising events in the field of the arts. The Academy collaborates with the universities, other scientific, scholarly and cultural institutions, scientific and artistic societies and other comparable organisations in the Republic of Macedonia. It also co-operates with other academies of sciences and arts, and with scientific, scholarly and artistic institutions abroad. The Macedonian state came into being with the First Anti-fascist Assembly of the People's Lib- eration of Macedonia (ASNOM) in 1944. Twenty-three years later, in 1967, the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts was founded. This year it is celebrating its forty-fifth anniversary. A significant period in its development to date has passed. However, as with everything at the turn of the century, it too confronts the great challenges which the new millenium brings. If all things mature through time, if only time can yield their final meaning, it is up to the sciences and the arts to leave their mark on it. ACADEMICIAN VlADo KAMboVsKI PREsIDENT oF THE ACADEMY ___ 3 ___ THE ILINDEN MONUMENT IN KRUŠEVO: ACADEMICIAN JORDAN GRABULOSKI ___ 4 ___ MACEDONIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS ROOTS he establishment of this su p reme Turkey, the Mace donian Re vival began Macedonian scientific and artistic under the leadership of renowned Mace- Tin sti tution was preceded by 150 donian educationalists, linguists, writers years of development in the humanities: and collectors of folk lite rature. linguistics, literature, hi storiography, ethnology and folklore studies. This was followed by progress in technology, the natural and social sciences and the arts, especially poetry, music, fresco-painting and architecture. Nume rous Ma ce donian intellectuals made their contribution to the development of Macedonian culture in the 19th and 20th centuries. Thus there was a continuity in Ma ce donian cultural history though a series of great cultural achievements which led to the foundation of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences DETAIL FROM and Arts. MONUMENT TO The Ohrid Literary School of Ss. SS. CYRIL AND METHODIUS, (BRONZE), OHRID: Clement and Nahum at the end of the ACADEMICIAN 9th and the beginning of the 10th centuries TOME SERAFIMOVSKI prepared the soil for prolific literary, scholarly, educational and artistic In the middle of the XIX century activities in Macedonia. This area saw the the archimandrite Par tenij Zo grafski birth of the first Slavic alphabet which (b. Gali~nik, 1818, d. Constantinople, then spread throughout the entire Sla- 1876), who was educated in Thessalo ni ki, vic world. It was the home of the civili sa- Athens, Kiev, Mos cow and St. Petersburg, tion of the Mace donian Slavs with its high published two textbooks “in the Macedo - aesthetic values in literature, the visual ni an di a lect” Kratka Sv®çenna is­ arts, music and architecture. to ri® na Vetho­i­Novo zavet na­ After the Crimean War (1853–56), ta C√r kov√ (A Concise Ecclesi asti cal when conditions were favourable to a Histo ry of the Old and the New Testament freer ex pres sion of their aspirations on Church) in 1857 and Na~alnoe u~e nie the part of the peoples in Eu ropean za dƀca­ta (A General Instruction Book ___ 5 ___ MACEDONIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS ST. CLEMENT Grammar of the Articles, in 1857) Partenij OF OHRID, FRESCO (DETAIL). Zo grafski laid the foundations of modern HOLY MOTHER OF Macedonian philology. GOD PERIBLEPTOS, OHRID, 1295 Dimitrija Miladinov (b. Struga, 1810, d. Constantinople, 1862) was an eminent awakener of Slavic consciousness in Macedonia in the mid-19th century, contributing to the in tro­­duction of the native language and a Slavic alphabet in schools in Macedonia. He was the first Macedonian collector of folk literature and the chief compiler of the anthology of poetry which his brother Kon stantin published in Zagreb (1861). for Child ren) in 1858. He also published Konstantin Miladinov (b. Stru ga, Kratka slav®nska gra m matika (A 1830, d. Constantinople, 1862), fo re- Concise Slavic Grammar) in 1859. By most representative of 19th century studying the principles of the creation of Macedonian poetry, was brother to one a literary language and the grammatical of the great minds of the Ma cedonian structure of the Western Macedonian Revival, Dimitar Mila di nov. After his dialect (P√rva ~ast√ na Gra mmati­ studies in Athens, he stu died Slavic kata za ~leno v∫te (Part One of the Philology at the Uni versity in Moscow. Apart from the volumes of his poetry he also left behind the unsurpassed anthology of Macedonian folk poetry (1861) which he collected and edited with his brother. Rajko Žinzifov (b. Veles, 1839, d. Moscow, 1877) is the author of the most comprehensive work in the native tongue in the 19th century and a prolific publicist and translator. Grigor Prli~ev (b. Ohrid, 1830, d. PORTRAIT OF ARCHIMANDRITE Ohrid, 1893) is the most outstanding PARTENIE ZOGRAFSKI and most talented representative of (OIL ON CANVAS): th BLAGOJA NIKOLOVSKI Macedonian literature of the 19 cen- ___ 6 ___ MACEDONIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS tury and a leading figure among the ST. NAHUM OF OHRID, Macedonian intellectuals of the period PROCESSIONAL ICON who included Konstantin and Andreja (DETAIL), 14TH C. Petkovi~, Rajko @inzifov, Jordan Had`i Kon stantinov–D`inot, Gjorgji Dinkata and others. Prli~ev’s fame followed the publication of his long poems, The Sirdar and Sken derbeg, about life in Macedonia, his Autobiography which was a unique piece of prose writing and his translations of The Iliad and The Odyssey. Having written in three languages he became famous in Macedonian, Greek and Bulgarian literature. Andreja Damjanov (b. Pap ra di {te, was a Balkan po lyglot of rare calibre, a 1813, d. Veles, 1878) was one of the textbook wri ter and a lexicographer most eminent Balkan master-builders. producing his Re~nik† ot† ~etiri His opus includes more than 40 buildings, jezika (Dic tionary of Four Languages) in most of them churches, for example, the 1873 and Re~nik od tri jezika (Dic tio­ church of St. Pante le imon in Veles (1840), na ry of Three Lan guages) in 1875. Pu lev- the monaste ry church of St. Joachim of ski is also the author of the first printed Osogovo, near Kriva Palanka (1845), The grammar of the Macedonian langu age, Holy Mother of God in the village of Novo Selo near [tip (1850) and St. Nic ho las in Kumanovo (1851) as well as his churches in Ni{, Nova Crkva, Mostar, Sarajevo, etc. Gjorgjija M. Pulevski (b. Ga li~ nik, 1817, d. Sofia, 1895) created a bo­­dy of work which marks a crucial chapter in Macedonian history. He published the first collection of po ems in Macedonian entitled Make donska pesnarka (A Macedonian Poetry Book, vols. I and II) in 1879 and the rst separately published PORTRAIT fi OF KONSTANTIN long revolutionary poem, Sa movila Make­ MILADINOV (OIL ON CANVAS): donska (A Macedonian Fairy) in 1878. He RODOLJUB ANASTASOV ___ 7 ___ MACEDONIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS PORTRAIT Slognica rečovska (Gram mar) of 1880 as OF GRIGOR PRLIČEV (OIL ON CANVAS): well as the first Slav ja no ma ke donska opšta KOLE MANEV istorija (Ge neral History of the Macedonian Slavs) in Macedonian, completed in 1892. Marko K. Cepenkov (b. Prilep, 1829, d. Sofia, 1920) whose ethnographic, folkloristic and philological re- cords Makedonski narodni umo tvor bi (Macedonian Folk Literature, vols. I–X), published together in 1972, in addition WATER-WHEEL to his work in the fields of poetry, prose (OIL ON CANVAS): LAZAR LIČENOSKI and drama, make him the most prolific collector of Mace donian folk literature in the second half of the 19th and at the be ginning of the 20th centuries. Kuzman [apkarev (b. Ohrid, 1834, d. Sofia, 1908) was a teacher and was one of the first writers of Ma cedonian text- books in the 19th century and the most prolific collector and publisher of Mace- do nian folk literature, an ethnograp- her and fi gure of the Macedonian revival. Atanas Badev (b. Prilep, 1860, d. Sofia, 1908) was a Macedonian composer and teacher of music. He studied music in Moscow and St. Petersburg and was taught by, among others, the great Russian composers Balakirev and Rimsky-Korsakov. Badev was thus one of the first Ma cedonian composers with a formal musical education.