DOCSLIB.ORG

History of the Macedonian People

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
History of the Macedonian People HISTORY OF THE MACEDONIAN PEOPLE 1 2 INSTITUTE OF NATIONAL HISTORY HISTORY OF THE MACEDONIAN PEOPLE SKOPJE 2008 3 Editor: Todor Chepreganov, Ph.D. Authors: Aneta Shukarova, Ph.D. Mitko B. Panov, Ph.D. Dragi Georgiev, Ph.D. Krste Bitovski, Ph.D. Academician Ivan Katardziev Vanche Stojchev, Ph.D. Novica Veljanovski, Ph.D. Todor Chepreganov, Ph.D. 4 MACEDONIA IN THE PREHISTORIC TIME On the territory of Macedonia an active life is registered even in the earliest stages of the human prehistory. The climate, geomorphology, and other natural factors on the whole territory of Macedonia were pre- conditions for establishment of an organized life and for the creation of different cultures whose evolution had a continuous course from the pe- riod of the first agricultural communities to the end of the Iron Age. The archeological and anthropological researches of the artifacts from the first settlements in Macedonia are where the basic knowledge which is crucial for the explanation of the origin of the later populations as well as the ori- gin of the historical and cultural influences and movements came from. The territory of Macedonia is situated in the core of the Balkan’s natural crossroads and connects the two largest cultural spheres: the Ae- gean and the Anatolian, as the nuclei of the oldest farming and stock- breeding communities, or the inner part of the Balkan Peninsula and the Middle Europe. The natural routes along the river valleys have the partic- ular role from this aspect; the valley of the river Vardar, which joins the valley of the river Morava enables communication of the Aegean World and Panonia while Strumeshnica, through lower reaches of the river Struma makes a link between southern Thrace and the front part of the Middle Asia. The valley of the river Drim joins the southern Adriatic coastline. The great influence comes from the routes on the mountain curves of the massifs around the region of Ohrid and Prespa which con- nect this region with the Albanian cultures as well as the Osogovo Moun- tain and Maleshevski Planini, which connect Macedonia with the middle reaches of the river Struma and Central Bulgaria. 5 Paleontological explorations reveal the facts about the life during the period of Paleolith and Mesolite, in particular in Pellagonia, at the area of Veles, in the cave of Makarovec at the canyon of the river Babuna and in the region of Shtip, where the material proof of the first bone and stone made weapons and tools are discovered (pin shaped, stone made tools of the man – huntsman); in the burial discovered near Shtip, a skele- ton of a man was found, whose age dates from year 9000 BC). The arti- facts from the Mesolithic Age (between the year 10,000 and 5,000 BC) such as: axes, hammers, flint made knives, crushing stone, pestles, mor- tars, needles, bone made and horn made chisels, prove the existence of the first farming and stock-breeding communities. The map of the archeological locations shows the existence of nearly 160 Neolithical sites (from the period of the year 5,300 to 3,200 BC), mainly settlements placed on fertile land along the river valleys and at the mountain basis of the valleys of Pellagonia, Skopje, Kumanovo, Strumica, Radovish and Polog. Such evidences are also found in the re- gion of Ovche Pole and Ohrid Basin. In eastern Macedonia, so-called Azenbegovo and Vrshnik group is characteristic with the elements of the eponymous settlements and late Neolithic culture called Angelci – the vil- lage of Zelenikovo. In the multi-layered settlements the life was orga- nized in wooden houses on quadrangle or rectangular base, with double- row roof coated with mud and colored in white or red, sometimes deco- rated with plastic ornaments; in each house there was a stove, a fireplace, and rarely some cult objects (Tumba Madzari). The evidence of Tumba Madzari confirms the dense construction of the settlements in which houses are grouped around a common sanctuary and with equal orienta- tion. At the region of Ohrid the settlements have a different aspect. Name- ly, there are pile-dwellings, which are analogous of the Adriatic cultures. It is supposed that the inhabitants of the Pre-Ancient Macedonia were mainly dealing with farming (cultivation of cereal grains and grow- ing of leguminous plants), stockbreeding (sheep, pigs, goats and lives- tock) as well as fishing and hunting. The pottery production was not only for domestic, everyday living purposes (in the early Neolithic period the pottery was mainly roughly made, monochrome or red colored, decorated with ornaments and geometrical motifs in white color – Amphora and deep oval dishes) but great attention was paid on the artistic and esthetic expression (variety of shapes and pottery of bigger size occurred, small earthenware, jugs, Amphora-s, cups on high, cone-shaped leg, pottery painted with dark brawn geometrical lines) while the cult ceramic objects were made in artisan workshops. Among the religious artifacts the domi- 6 nant Deity is the Goddess of Fertility – The Big Mother, a sculpture of a woman’s body in terracotta, whose low part transforms into the form of house; this unique Middle Neolithic representation of the Goddess from the Valley of Skopje is a protector of the home and the family; the cults of fire and domestic animals were also respected and they were all related to some religious rites in the sanctuaries. The late Neolithic Age is a period when big social changes began. They were caused by the demographic movements of the neighboring area’s populations. The transition time from Neolith to Metal Age is well known as Eneolith (from the end of the IV to the end of the Millennium BC) and is connected with the great migrations that were caused by the movements of the Steppe and Nomadic Indo-European peoples, which settled the Balkan Peninsula and assimilated with the autochthonous population. This caused the creation of new prehistoric ethno-cultural entities of a specific material culture that is testified by many archeological proofs. As a result of an intensive use of copper this period is called Copper Age. The copper was used for production of jewelry, weapons, and tools and contributed to the development of trade. The people from this period were mainly farming, stockbreeding and hunting. The Regional Cultural Group of Shuplevac – Bakarno Gumno in Pellagonia, which is connected with the localities at the valley of Kumanovo (Nagorichane) and also the valley of East Bregalnica, is particularly interesting; some Eneolithic settlements are discovered near the Fortress Kale in Skopje, in Pellagonia, at the Ohr- id and Prespa Basin, and at the region of Kochani. The settlements were constructed usually on some higher platforms – tumba, and were naturally protected. The exceptions are the pill-dwellings at the Ohrid Lake. The discovered artifacts of small plastic objects demonstrate the rich spirituality and religious life of this cultural group. Due to be men- tioned are the following evidences: Zoomorphic statues, male and female examples from Burlichevo, a small ceramic statue of male torso in sitting position from Govrlevo (near Skopje) so-called “Adam from Macedonia”, small female statuettes in sitting position from Crnobuki and Bakarno Gumno, stone scepter from Shuplevac (a proof of the Indo-European ori- gin of the population), a copper axe with a blade and circular opening (Vranishta, Kravari, the area of Prilep); the jewelry made of shells be- longs here as well, modeled bracelets and seals, that prove the communi- cations of this cultural group with the Mediterranean peoples. The Bronze Age at the Aegean and Macedonian territory began earlier in comparison with the areas in the north. Most of the evidence 7 from this period is found in the valley of Pellagonia (before and after the year 1900 BC) exemplified in the cultural group called Armenochory. The archeological findings of this cultural group are similar with the findings from various excavation places in Aegean Macedonia and particularly with those dug in the valley of the river Vardar and in the District of Thessalonica. Special similarity of these findings was confirmed with the findings in Albania, such as the models of the cups, which contained two handles and the glasses that were only with one handle. These groups are somehow connected with the rough gray ceramics and the way it was de- corated. From the findings of arms and tools, people were mainly farm- ing, stockbreeding, hunting as well as doing artisan (pottery, twist texture, weaving texture). The settlements were larger and constructed over the previous Eneolithic settlements; some traces of necropolises were also discovered containing burnt dead bodies, and in Varosh near Prilep there is a necropolis outside the settlement with graves – cisti, which were fenced and paved with stone plates. From the early bronze period in Macedonia a megalithic observa- tory is discovered, called Kokino (near Staro Nagorichane, at the area of Kumanovo); the observatory composed of volcanic rocks, marks the plac- es where the Sun and the Moon rise in the period of summer solstice, win- ter solstice and equinox. Kokino was a kind of a sanctuary used for ob- servation of the space bodies’ movements in order to create a religious calendar for determination of the dates of rites; the Observatory also de- termined the days dedicated to seasonal work in the farming and the stockbreeding activities. A special characteristic in this period is the working of bronze, so called “Macedonian bronze”. Numerous artifacts discovered in the arc- heological localities at the village of Patele near Osogovsko Ezero (the Lake of Osogovo), Vardino at the upper reaches of the river Vardar, in Radanie, at the necropolis of Suva Reka near Gevgelija, in Pellagonia and at the region of Ohrid, such as (fibulas, necklaces, pendants, bracelets, bronze made small bowl-shaped dishes with a handle) Typical characteristic in this period are also the trade relationships established with the Mycenaean World and with the south in general, in the direct line of Thessaly – Haliacmon (Bistrica) – Pellagonia – Polog – Ibar, or on the road-line Pletvar – Vardar; the artifact of this period is the Mycenaean sword in Tetovo.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Macedonia: Not out of the Woods Yet
    Update Briefing Europe Briefing N°37 Skopje/Brussels, 25 February 2005 Macedonia: Not out of the Woods Yet I. OVERVIEW the two parties forced a 7 November 2004 referendum vote on the proposed law. Prime Minister Vlado Buckovski and representatives of Although VMRO was a signatory to the original peace his government and the opposition converged in Brussels agreement, it used the pre-referendum period to question on 14 February 2005 to hand over Macedonia's response sharply the government's performance and the general to the European Commission's 3,000-item questionnaire, wisdom of power-sharing among the ethnic communities. the latest stage in the EU membership application, The government worked to reassure its supporters and which was formally submitted almost a year ago. The argued that its plans would guarantee fast track economic occasion was celebrated by a concert starring Macedonian growth, European integration and better governance. musicians at an exclusive Brussels venue. Appropriately The emergence of Albanian paramilitaries on the enough for St. Valentine's Day, the relationship with the outskirts of Skopje increased tensions and gave rise to EU had taken on a new depth, but nuptials are far from concerns that Macedonia's young and fragile multi-ethnic concluded. The considerable progress Macedonia has democracy might be at serious risk. made is still fragile. The crucial decentralisation process requires careful implementation, and the coalition A strategically-timed U.S. decision to recognise the government and its constituent parties should apply a country's official name as "Macedonia" helped to ensure number of confidence building measures.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 4, Section 1
    Hellenistic Civilization 324 - 100 BC Philip II of Macedonia . The Macedonians were viewed as barbarians. By the 5th century BC, the Macedonians had emerged as a powerful kingdom in the north. In 359 BC, Philip II became king, and he turned Macedonia into the chief power in the Greek world. Philip II Philip II of Macedonia . The Macedonians were viewed as barbarians. By the 5th century BC, the Macedonians had emerged as a powerful kingdom in the north. In 359 BC, Philip II became king, and he turned Macedonia into the chief power in the Greek world. Philip was a great admirer of Greek culture, and he wanted to unite all of Greece under Macedonian rule. Fearing Philip, Athens allied with a number of other Greek city-states to fight the Macedonians. In 338, the Macedonians crushed the Greeks. After quickly gaining control over most of the Greek city-states, Philip turned to Sparta. He sent them a message, "You are advised to submit without further delay, for if I bring my army into your land, I will destroy your farms, slay your people, and raze your city." . Their reply was “if", both Philip and his son, Alexander, would leave the Spartans alone. By 336 BC, Philip was preparing to invade the Persian Empire when he was assassinated. The murder occurred during the celebration of his daughter’s marriage, while the king was entering the theater, he was killed by the captain his bodyguards. Alexander the Great . Alexander III was born in 356 BC. When Alexander was 13, his father Philip chose Aristotle as his tutor, and in return for teaching Alexander, Philip agreed to rebuild Aristotle's hometown which Philip had razed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Olynthiacs and the Phillippics of Demosthenes
    The Olynthiacs and the Phillippics of Demosthenes Charles Rann Kennedy The Olynthiacs and the Phillippics of Demosthenes Table of Contents The Olynthiacs and the Phillippics of Demosthenes..............................................................................................1 Charles Rann Kennedy...................................................................................................................................1 THE FIRST OLYNTHIAC............................................................................................................................1 THE SECOND OLYNTHIAC.......................................................................................................................6 THE THIRD OLYNTHIAC........................................................................................................................10 THE FIRST PHILIPPIC..............................................................................................................................14 THE SECOND PHILIPPIC.........................................................................................................................21 THE THIRD PHILIPPIC.............................................................................................................................25 THE FOURTH PHILIPPIC.........................................................................................................................34 i The Olynthiacs and the Phillippics of Demosthenes Charles Rann Kennedy This page copyright © 2002 Blackmask Online.
    [Show full text]
  • The Herodotos Project (OSU-Ugent): Studies in Ancient Ethnography
    Faculty of Literature and Philosophy Julie Boeten The Herodotos Project (OSU-UGent): Studies in Ancient Ethnography Barbarians in Strabo’s ‘Geography’ (Abii-Ionians) With a case-study: the Cappadocians Master thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Linguistics and Literature, Greek and Latin. 2015 Promotor: Prof. Dr. Mark Janse UGent Department of Greek Linguistics Co-Promotores: Prof. Brian Joseph Ohio State University Dr. Christopher Brown Ohio State University ACKNOWLEDGMENT In this acknowledgment I would like to thank everybody who has in some way been a part of this master thesis. First and foremost I want to thank my promotor Prof. Janse for giving me the opportunity to write my thesis in the context of the Herodotos Project, and for giving me suggestions and answering my questions. I am also grateful to Prof. Joseph and Dr. Brown, who have given Anke and me the chance to be a part of the Herodotos Project and who have consented into being our co- promotores. On a whole other level I wish to express my thanks to my parents, without whom I would not have been able to study at all. They have also supported me throughout the writing process and have read parts of the draft. Finally, I would also like to thank Kenneth, for being there for me and for correcting some passages of the thesis. Julie Boeten NEDERLANDSE SAMENVATTING Deze scriptie is geschreven in het kader van het Herodotos Project, een onderneming van de Ohio State University in samenwerking met UGent. De doelstelling van het project is het aanleggen van een databank met alle volkeren die gekend waren in de oudheid.
    [Show full text]
  • Pajonija Opt.Pdf
    НАРОДНА БАНКА NATIONAL BANK НА РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Издавач: Publisher: НАРОДНА БАНКА NATIONAL BANK НА РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA www.nbrm.gov.mk www.nbrm.gov.mk За издавачот: On behalf of the publisher: Петар Гошев, гувернер на НБРМ Petar Goshev, Governor of the NBRM Уредник: Editor: Катерина Христовска Katerina Hristovska Автор: Author: Ефтимија Павловска Eft imija Pavlovska Превод на англиски: Translated into English: Елизабета Баковска Elizabeta Bakovska Ефтимија Павловска Eft imiјa Pavlovska (кат. бр. 1-238) (cat. nos. 1-238) Лектура на македонскиот текст: Macedonian Proof Reading: Бисера Павлеска Bisera Pavleska Конзервација: Conservation: Дијана Ванчевска Dijana Vanchevska Билјана Бозароска-Павловска Biljana Bozaroska-Pavlovska Фотографии: Photographs: Владо Кипријановски Vlado Kiprijanovski Дизајн и компјутерска обработка: Design and prepress: АРТИСТИКА, Скопје ARTISTIKA, Skopje Печат: Print: НАМ Прес, Скопје NAM Pres, Skopje Тираж: Issue: 500 500 Скопје, 2008 Skopje, 2008 ISBN: 978-9989-107-14-6 © 2008 Сите права се задржуваат. © 2008 All rights reserved. Ни еден дел од оваа публикација не може да биде No part of this book can be copied or препечатен или репродуциран на елекронски, reproduced in electronic, mechanical or механички или друг начин без писмена дозвола any other form without written consent од издавачот. of the publisher. МОНЕТИТЕ НА ПАЈОНИЈА од Нумизматичката збирка на НБРМ Ефтимија Павловска THE COINS OF PAEONIA from the Numismatic Collection of NBRM Eft imija
    [Show full text]
  • The How Behind the Roman Pax
    The How Behind Roman Pax: Selected Roman Operations Aimed at Establishing Peace and their Lessons for Modern Peace Operations Brian E Frydenborg 7/1/2011 Rev. November 2011 July 2011- Independent Study GMU Dr. Bonnie Stabile 1 1 Scene from the film “Agora,” dir. Alejandro Amenábar, 2009. Readers are simultaneously entertained and educated by an account of causes and by seeing people choose the better course in any given situation -Polybius, The Histories 6.2 Lucullus now turned his attention to the cities in Asia in order that, while he was at leisure from military enterprises, he might do something for the furtherance of justice and law. -Plutarch, Parallel Lives, The Life of Lucullus 20 Let us see if by moderation we can win all hearts and secure a lasting victory, since by cruelty others have been unable to escape from hatred and to maintain their victory for any length of time…This is a new way of conquering, to strengthen one’s position by kindness and generosity. As to how this can be done, some ideas have occurred to me and many more can be found. I should like you to turn some attention to the matter. -Caesar, Caesar to Oppius and Cornelius, Greeting 1 Preface a.) Why I Chose This Topic For much of American history until relatively recently, the educated elites of America, from the colonial era until into the 20th century, were steeped in an education that emphasized the Greco-Roman classics, learning Greek and Latin, and reading the authors of antiquity. Such trends were especially exemplified by the Founding Fathers.
    [Show full text]
  • A Literary Sources
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82860-4 — The Hellenistic World from Alexander to the Roman Conquest 2nd Edition Index More Information Index A Literary sources Livy XXVI.24.7–15: 77 (a); XXIX.12.11–16: 80; XXXI.44.2–9: 11 Aeschines III.132–4: 82; XXXIII.38: 195; XXXVII.40–1: Appian, Syrian Wars 52–5, 57–8, 62–3: 203; XXXVIII.34: 87; 57 XXXIX.24.1–4: 89; XLI.20: 209 (b); ‘Aristeas to Philocrates’ I.9–11 and XLII.29–30.7: 92; XLII.51: 94; 261 V.35–40: XLV.29.3–30 and 32.1–7: 96 15 [Aristotle] Oeconomica II.2.33: I Maccabees 1.1–9: 24; 1.10–25 and 5 7 Arrian, Alexander I.17: ; II.14: ; 41–56: 217; 15.1–9: 221 8 9 III.1.5–2.2: (a); III.3–4: ; II Maccabees 3.1–3: 216 12 13 IV.10.5–12.5: ; V.28–29.1: ; Memnon, FGrH 434 F 11 §§5.7–11: 159 14 20 V1.27.3–5: ; VII.1.1–4: ; Menander, The Sicyonian lines 3–15: 104 17 18 VII.4.4–5: ; VII.8–9 and 11: Menecles of Barca FGrHist 270F9:322 26 Arrian, FGrH 156 F 1, §§1–8: (a); F 9, Pausanias I.7: 254; I.9.4: 254; I.9.5–10: 30 §§34–8: 56; I.25.3–6: 28; VII.16.7–17.1: Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae V.201b–f, 100 258 43 202f–203e: ; VI.253b–f: Plutarch, Agis 5–6.1 and 7.5–8: 69 23 Augustine, City of God 4.4: Alexander 10.6–11: 3 (a); 15: 4 (a); Demetrius of Phalerum, FGrH 228 F 39: 26.3–10: 8 (b); 68.3: cf.
    [Show full text]
  • Status of the Project Activities by 30Th November 2019
    Status of the project activities by 30th November 2019 Reporting Period Status of the project activities by 30th November 2019 Donor EU, UNDP Country Republic of N. Macedonia Project Title Improving the Management of Protected Areas Project ID 00090466 (Atlas Award ID) Outputs 00096220 - Improving the Management of Protected Areas (Atlas Project ID and Description) 4. By 2020, individuals, the private sector and state institutions Strategic Plan and/or CPD base their actions on the principles of sustainable development, Outcomes and communities are more resilient to disasters and environmental risks. Indicative output: 4.2 Public and private actors have improved capacities to implement, monitor and evaluate policies related to environment, climate change and nature protection. Implementing Partner(s) Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning Project Start Date 01 July 2017 Project End Date 31 May 2020 2019 Annual Work Plan Budget $US 2,283,402.05 Total resources required $US 4,804,390.00 Revenue received UNDP TRAC: $US 335,190.00 $ 4,469,200.00 EU: (4,000,000.00 EURO) Government: - In-Kind: - Contingency $US 69,767.00 UNDP Contact Person Narine Sahakyan UNDP Resident Representative Email: [email protected] Tel.: 3249502 1.Grantee: Balkan Foundation for Sustainable Project title: SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF PLANT NATURAL RESOURCES IN THE PRESPA REGION Development – BFSD, Skopje Outputs Completed Activities Ongoing and Planned Activities To be completed by: Potential Risks 1. Digital map of 1. Botanical targeted plant species expeditions developed 2. Mapping of presence of wild flora species 3. Digital map of targeted plant species of 18000 ha prepared Biopotential and 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Defining the Fiscal Role of Hellenistic Monarchy in Shaping Sale
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by OpenstarTs Defining the Fiscal Role of Hellenistic Monarchy in Shaping Sale NOAH KAYE INTRODUCTION In the classical Greek world, in the context of the polis, the taxation of sale was the kind of banality that could attract the wit of Aristophanes.1 Yet it is precisely this sort of everyday occurrence about which most of our sources are silent. Indeed, if we can assume that, broadly speaking, the classical polis and its Hellenistic successor raised a tax on certain sales, a tax which they called an epônion or a hekatostê (1/100), we are ill informed about the details: the incidence of this tax and the mode of imposition.2 With the subjugation, and further, the integration of many poleis into Hellenistic kingdoms, as well as the kings’ foundation of many new cities organized along similar lines, fiscality became a domain in which relations of power were negotiated, and in which, for us, the smaller polity’s position in a larger, multiscalar state can be mapped out. Yet when it comes to taxation and sale, we do not yet have a clear account of the impact of royal power (basileia) on the polis: which 1 Acharnians 896-97. 2 On sales tax in the Greek city of the classical and Hellenistic periods, see FRANCOTTE 1909, 15-19 and ANDREADES 1933, 144-46. Independent Delos represents a singular case, for which we have an extraordinary amount of information; see CHANKOWSKI 2007, 311-12. 81 of the traditional tax powers of the polis were transferred to the monarchy? Which were shared? Which transformed in the new environment? Or did the kings introduce new fiscal categories and institutions around sale in order to increase their revenues? What follows is an attempt to clarify the role of basileia in shaping sale.
    [Show full text]
  • The Coins from the Necropolis "Metlata" Near the Village of Rupite
    margarita ANDONOVA the coins from the necropolis "metlata" near the village of rupite... THE COINS FROM THE NECROPOLIS METLATA NEAR THE VILLAGE "OF RUPITE" (F. MULETAROVO), MUNICIPALITY OF PETRICH by Margarita ANDONOVA, Regional Museum of History– Blagoevgrad This article sets to describe and introduce known as Charon's fee was registered through the in scholarly debate the numismatic data findspots of the coins on the skeleton; specifically, generated during the 1985-1988 archaeological these coins were found near the head, the pelvis, excavations at one of the necropoleis situated in the left arm and the legs. In cremations in situ, the locality "Metlata" near the village of Rupite. coins were placed either inside the grave or in The necropolis belongs to the long-known urns made of stone or clay, as well as in bowls "urban settlement" situated on the southern placed next to them. It is noteworthy that out of slopes of Kozhuh hill, at the confluence of 167 graves, coins were registered only in 52, thus the Strumeshnitsa and Struma Rivers, and accounting for less than 50%. The absence of now identified with Heraclea Sintica. The coins in some graves can probably be attributed archaeological excavations were conducted by to the fact that "in Greek society, there was no Yulia Bozhinova from the Regional Museum of established dogma about the way in which the History, Blagoevgrad. souls of the dead travelled to the realm of Hades" The graves number 167 and are located (Зубарь 1982, 108). According to written sources, within an area of ​​750 m². Coins were found mainly Euripides, it is clear that the deceased in 52 graves, both Hellenistic and Roman, may be accompanied to the underworld not only and 10 coins originate from areas (squares) by Charon, but also by Hermes or Thanatos.
    [Show full text]
  • Blood Ties: Religion, Violence, and the Politics of Nationhood in Ottoman Macedonia, 1878
    BLOOD TIES BLOOD TIES Religion, Violence, and the Politics of Nationhood in Ottoman Macedonia, 1878–1908 I˙pek Yosmaog˘lu Cornell University Press Ithaca & London Copyright © 2014 by Cornell University All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. First published 2014 by Cornell University Press First printing, Cornell Paperbacks, 2014 Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Yosmaog˘lu, I˙pek, author. Blood ties : religion, violence,. and the politics of nationhood in Ottoman Macedonia, 1878–1908 / Ipek K. Yosmaog˘lu. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8014-5226-0 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-8014-7924-3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Macedonia—History—1878–1912. 2. Nationalism—Macedonia—History. 3. Macedonian question. 4. Macedonia—Ethnic relations. 5. Ethnic conflict— Macedonia—History. 6. Political violence—Macedonia—History. I. Title. DR2215.Y67 2013 949.76′01—dc23 2013021661 Cornell University Press strives to use environmentally responsible suppliers and materials to the fullest extent possible in the publishing of its books. Such materials include vegetable-based, low-VOC inks and acid-free papers that are recycled, totally chlorine-free, or partly composed of nonwood fibers. For further information, visit our website at www.cornellpress.cornell.edu. Cloth printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Paperback printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Josh Contents Acknowledgments ix Note on Transliteration xiii Introduction 1 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Agricultural Practices in Ancient Macedonia from the Neolithic to the Roman Period
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Hellenic University: IHU Open Access Repository Agricultural practices in ancient Macedonia from the Neolithic to the Roman period Evangelos Kamanatzis SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Arts (MA) in Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean Studies January 2018 Thessaloniki – Greece Student Name: Evangelos Kamanatzis SID: 2201150001 Supervisor: Prof. Manolis Manoledakis I hereby declare that the work submitted is mine and that where I have made use of another’s work, I have attributed the source(s) according to the Regulations set in the Student’s Handbook. January 2018 Thessaloniki - Greece Abstract This dissertation was written as part of the MA in Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean Studies at the International Hellenic University. The aim of this dissertation is to collect as much information as possible on agricultural practices in Macedonia from prehistory to Roman times and examine them within their social and cultural context. Chapter 1 will offer a general introduction to the aims and methodology of this thesis. This chapter will also provide information on the geography, climate and natural resources of ancient Macedonia from prehistoric times. We will them continue with a concise social and cultural history of Macedonia from prehistory to the Roman conquest. This is important in order to achieve a good understanding of all these social and cultural processes that are directly or indirectly related with the exploitation of land and agriculture in Macedonia through time. In chapter 2, we are going to look briefly into the origins of agriculture in Macedonia and then explore the most important types of agricultural products (i.e.
    [Show full text]