June 6, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19863 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS CONTROLS NEEDED OVER CHARI­ ca.rd manufacturers, envelope suppliers, Most of the money, according to the agency's printers and gadget makers. statement under the District's Charitable TABLE MAIL SOLICITATIONS One cause raised over $1.2 million last Solicitation Act, promptly went to Korea. year, but had less than $75,000 left after it The next year, when the agency tried to paid the costs of its mail campaign. grow, it turned to ma11lng lists and sent out HON. LIONEL VAN DEERLIN Then there are the charlatans who gobble a wide appeal. It collected $975,000, but ex­ OF CALIFORNIA up all the money raised and pacify the in­ penses totaled $368,000. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tended recipient charity with a few thousand "I was disappointed when the auditors told me how much it cost," said the non­ Tuesday, June 6, 1972 dollars. Since the men who try to debase the cur­ professional fund-raiser. "We tried to keep Mr. VANDEERLIN. Mr. Speaker, most rency of philanthropy have been attracted to costs down. I didn't think it would be so Americans are unaware that as much fund-raising by mail, Chief Postal Inspector high." William J. Cotter says the Postal Inspection He works out of a basement office, pays his as 80 or 90 percent of the funds contrib­ help-much of it part-time-little more than in Service has intensified its investigation of uted response to mail solicitations possible fraudulent use of the mails to raise the minimum wage and himself lives in a are skimmed off by a variety of middle­ money for causes. medium-low income home. Through his ef­ men. Twenty so-ca.lied charities or promotiona.l forts, his brother-in-law, a priest in Korea, Too often, only a trickle passes through firms are now under investigation across the was able to build a 150-bed hospital and is to the intended beneficiary. country, three have been indicted and a now building a boys' town. This disgraceful situation was com­ United States attorney is now considering "I know you can raise funds for less than prosecution of another fund-raising project. 50 per cent of what you taken in," he said, prehensively outlined in reports pub­ "but if we try to grow the same a.mount lished in Sunday's Washington Star and Those are allegedly the outright frauds. Fund-raising appeals that violate no law but every year, it's going to be expensive every written by a Pulitzer Prize-winning in­ make more money for the promoters than for year." vestigative reporter, Miriam Ottenberg. their causes have prompted Rep. Lionel Van A fund-raising appeal doesn't use just one Miss Ottenberg points out the need for Deerlin D.-Calif., to start drafting what could malling list, but many. To try to find the legislation, which I am having drafted, be called "truth in giving" legislation. His right list for that particular appeal, the to let the donor know where his money idea is to require the printing right on the fund-raiser may rent as many as 30 or 40 is going when he responds to one of these solicitation it.s.elf just how much of the lists, using about 5,000 names from each. appeals. money raised goes to the cause. The fund-raiser will be testing not only His proposal could have broad impact be­ the names but the copy for the appeal, The shabby operators tend to poison cause almost $8 billion a year is raised by whether the package gets results. He may the atmosphere for all charities, even the mail appeals--half of it locally by church find the mail isn't the right vehicle and he'll completely legitimate. Self-disclosure and city-wide appeals, the other ha.If through turn to some other form of fund-raising. But would hopefully force out the marginal natlonal appeals. if it clicks, he'll proceed with the mail ap­ types, to the benefit of the honest ap­ Fund-raising by mail for both worthwhile peal, using the most productive 10 or 12 lists. peals which we would all want to sup­ and questionable causes has burgeoned since All this testing costs money and sometimes computers made it possible to focus appeals a new appeal hasn't got it. Some appeals port. borrow the initial sum, use money from the Miss Ottenberg's main article and an on groups with known interests. Before computers, it was prohibitively ex­ test to pay it back and get the funds to accompanying side-bar follow: pensive to try to sift out the names of poten­ finance a wider appeal. [From the Washington Star, tial givers. Occasionally, a fund-raiser will advance June 4, 1972] For in this business, the name is the game. the money for the test-particularly if he THE PLEAS IN YOUR MAILBOX Your name is worth money. The owner of dreamed up the project in the first place (By Miriam Ottenberg) a mailing list might get as much as $75 for and the people he interested in the cause are naive enough about fund-raising to sign Does your dally quota. of mall make you a thousand na.mes of known contributors like you. A list could be rented for as little as $15 contracts most favorable to his interests. feel that you and you alone a.re expected to In the realm of how much a fund-ralsing a.llevia.te all the world's miseries? a thousand names, but average cost runs from $25 to $35 a thousand for a. one-time campaign costs, the fund-raiser may be the If so, it's because your name is among the next big expense item. He may work for a millions selected by computers programmed rental. A productive list--tha.t is, one known to fee based on how much he produces and to find potential givers to causes. Subscrib­ how much time he puts in. Or he may take ing to a. magazine, belonging to a book or pull in the contributions-might be rented 20 or 25 times in a year. If you're on that a 15 percent mark-up on the cost of the ap­ record club, buying by mail or at some time peal package he has put together. Or he may giving to a single cause is enough to put kind of list, you could be introduced to tha.t many new causes and get on ma.ny new lists. ask for and get both a retainer and a better you among the chosen. than 15 percent mark-up on all the costs of Once that happens, you're asked to feed How many new lists you get on depends on your response to the causes. the campaign except postage. the hungry from Appalachia to Korea; heal If the fund-raiser also owns the mailing the sick of cancer and respiratory diseases For a charity, buying ma11lng lists is the first big expense. One cause that raised over lists he uses, he may get not only the rental and some diseases you never heard of before; fee for the mailing lists but also a 20 per­ support your symphony, or rehabllita.te $1 million spent half a million on mailing lists. cent broker's commission on the top of his wounded veterans and displaced refugees. other charges. But few fund-raisers collect The mail solicitations are usually appeal­ The goal of buying lists is not only to get an immediate source of contributions but that many ways. ing and expertly done. Pitiful children eye A Massachusetts fund raiser with 30 na­ you from the brochures. Sometimes the com­ to build a "house Ust"-those who contrib­ ute this year and wlll be solicited again tional accounts said the lowest fee he puter has worked your name into the body charges is $3,600. His highest was $24,000 of the letter and even recalled your previous next year. One professional fund raiser estimated but he produces over $30 million in contri­ generous gift. butions on that appeal. But do you know how much of your gift that it costs 56 cents to get one new contrib­ will go to those scrawny children or those utor but only five cents to bring back a pre­ A charitable agency may do its own fund­ maimed refugees? How much of your dollar vious contributor. raising but get the advice of a consultant is used to solicit more dollars through the Charitable agencies have to keep on seek­ on the wording of the use, when to send out mail? Is somebody--other than the intended ing new contributors because an estimated the appeal and appeal material, what mail­ recipient-profiting from your generosity? 25 percent of their previous contributors ing lists to how often, even whether to use The majority of fund-raising campaigns by move or die or otherwise lose contact every stamps or a non-profit machine stamp. mail try to pare expenses to make certain year and their number has to be replenished. To save agencies the cost of buying mail­ that the larger part of your gift goes to those Usually, the first year ls the hardest for ing lists, this consultant recommends using you want to help. Some long-established, a new cause--so difficult that some find costs the telephone book for mail solicitations. highly regarded charities have mail fund­ ea.ting up every cent tha.t comes in. But some­ The Washington agency following this advice raising drives that reportedly cost no more times, they start small and manage to keep reported that its fund-raising costs run than 15 per cent of the money contributed. expenses down until they decide to seek about 40 percent of what it takes in and its On the other hand, The Star has found a lot more givers. major costs are labor and postage. that sometimes as much as 80 or 90 per cent One charitable cause in this area, seeking Despite the barrage of appeals now :fiood­ of your dollar may go to a professional fund funds to build and operate a hospital and ing the mails, this agency reported that it is raiser or consultant, to public relations men, boys' town in Korea., borrowed $10,000 to get getting slightly more through its fund mailing list owners and brokers, greeting started and spent $23,153 to raise $160,210. solicitations than :five years a.go without any 19864 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 6, 1972 increase in the number of appeals it makes give, you could inquire at the District's Busi­ I especially wish to mention Col. Ed­ a year. ness License and Permit Division at 614 H If you're like most givers, you give be­ Street N.W., where charities soliciting in the ward T. Campbell, Delaware's veterans cause you know and admire the work of a District are supposed to register and give employment representative; Mr. Ray­ charitable agency, because a cause attracts their financial posture-how much the appeal mond H. Hecht , NAB metro director for you or its message strikes a chord of sym­ cost them and how the money got is being Wilmington; and Mr. Robert R. Wood,. pathy, or because the fund-raiser sends you used. Unfortunately, as The Star found out, Jr., district governor of Rotary District something and you feel guilty about accept­ a number of charitable drives are exempt 763, for their work on this program. ing it without putting something into the from registration and others are a year be­ Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ pot. hind in providing their financial statements. Sometimes several of these reasons apply. sent to have printed in the RECORD a. Yes, you want to help the Indians or crippled [From the Washington Star, June 4, 1972] resolution of commendation adopted by the Delaware General Assembly and veterans or hungry children everywhere or How To JUDGE APPEALS an refugees from wars. article about the program which ap­ You want to help fight disease, even one The National Information Bureau says peared in the May 1972, issue of the you never knew existed. You're religious, pa­ there's no easy answer to wise giving but contributors should be wary. Don't give to a "Jobs for Veterans" report. triotic, sensitive and besides you can always There being no objection, the items. use another ballpoint pen or greeting cards cause, however appealing, until you know something about it. were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,. or key chain. as_follows: - That's how some fund-raisers and millions Since any non-profit organization ls op­ of $1 and $2 contributors figure. erating in a goldfish bowl, the bureau points HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 4 However, The National Information Bu­ out, it should really respond to your request (Commending Rotary International Dis­ reau, a non-profit membership group which for a financial statement and information trict #763, Veterans of Foreign Wars, the­ reports on organizations soliciting money on what it's doing with your money. American Legion, Disabled American Veter­ nationally for health and welfare causes, What you want to know ls what the con­ ans, Dover Air Force Base and the National contends that unordered merchandise such tributed funds were spent for and what was Alliance of Businessmen-Jobs for Veterans. as address labels, ties, handkerchiefs and accomplished. If you can't get an up-to-date Program for their unlimited support of Pres­ pens "prey on the guilt feeling of a sensitive statement, that's reason..enough not to give. ident Nixon's six-point program of jobs for public" and send up the cost of fund-rais­ Here are the bureau's standards for a rep­ veterans.) ing. The only people who really profit, ac­ utable organization seeking funds from the Whereas, the members of the Senate and cording to this view, are the gimmick manu­ public. House of Representatives of the 126th Gen­ facturers. 1. An active and responsible governing eral Assembly are delighted to learn of the A consultant whose fund-raising accounts body serving without compensation. outstanding cooperative effort of the service include an Indian foundation said the mail­ 2. A legitimate purpose that doesn't dupli­ organizations, veteran departments and busi­ ings that include a premium draw a better cate the work of another sound organization. ness groups, in the State of Delaware; and response than the ones without it. Of the 3. Reasonable efficiency in program man­ · Whereas, Rotary International District. money that comes in, he said, between 65 agement and reasonable adequacy of re­ #763 has undertaken the year from March and 75 percent goes directly or indirectly to sources, both in men and material. 1972 to March 1973 to place the full strength the Indians. 4. Evidence of cooperation with established and emphasis of the members of that fine or­ He gave this estimate of the cost of your agencies in the same or related fields. ganization in a program providing jobs for "gift" from the Indians: Names stickers, 5. Ethical methods of promoting and solicit­ veterans; and three or four cents; Christmas cards, three ing funds. Whereas, the American Legion, Veterans o:r and a half to six cents; key rings, six to 6. No payment of commissions for fund­ Foreign Wars and the Disabled American Vet­ eight cents in the quantity bought by the raising. No mailing of unordered tickets or erans are continuing their employment pro­ fund-raiser; Easter and Christmas seals. A merchandise with requests for money in re­ gram for veterans and expanding their ac­ half cent to two cents. turn. No general telephone solicitations of tivities in Veterans Job Marts and Informa­ He estimated that the cost of these mail­ the public. tion Centers; and ings can run from 15 to 40 per cent of the 7. Annual audit preferably using uniform Whereas, the National Alliance of Business­ total contributed, depending on how ex­ accounting standards and prepared by an in­ men-Jobs for Veterans Program has closely pensive the "gift" is and how well people dependent certified rublic accountant show­ associated itself with Rotary International respond. ing all revenue and expenditures in reason­ District #763 and with the above mentioned The priest who runs the Indian founda­ able detail. New organizations should provide veterans organizations in searching out job tion said that for every $10,000 he puts into an independent CPA's statement that a prop­ opportunities, securing pledges and insuring schools, bridges, roads, wells and other proj­ er financial system has been installed. qualified placements of veterans; and ects for the Indians, the Indians provide 8. A detailed annual budget translating Whereas, personnel of the Dover Air Force the labor and state and local governments program plans into financial terms Base are conducting an ongoing program put up another $20,000 so the money he gets If you want to make sure your· moi..ey for known as Project Transition and cooperating with his offerings of key rings and other charitable causes will go where it will do the with the above named service, veteran and trinkets, goes a long way. most good, you might try and use the bu­ business organizations, to insure jobs for vet­ Since it takes money to raise money, you rea\l'S yardstick yourself. erans; and know that not all of your dollar will go to Whereas, personnel of the Veterans Employ­ the charitable benefits for which it is in­ ment Service, United States Department of tended. But how can you be sure that most ROTARY GETS JOBS FOR VETS Labor, have been active in coordinating the of your contribution will go there? various efforts and activities of the above That's what Rep. Van Deerlin wants spelled named groups in obtaining gainful employ­ out in legislation. Among other things, the HON. J. CALEB BOGGS ment for veterans; Now, therefore, blll he has in mind would require disclosure Be it resolved by the Senate and the House on the mailing piece of last year's ratio of OF DELAWARE of Representatives of the State of Delaware, cost to funds received; if it's the first year IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES with the approval of the Governor, as at­ of operation, any contract specifying what Tuesday, June 6, 1972 tested by his signature appended hereto, that charges will have to bet met; any clause the General Assembly does hereby commend requiring that the solicitation would con­ Mr. BOGGS. Mr. President, one of the the above mentioned organizations for their tinue until all the costs are met; a disclosure most promising new efforts in the Nation leadership in the State of Delaware, in the that a "mail drop" is being used if the mail in support of the veteran JOBS program cooperative program that is now being is not addressed to the home office of the is underway in the Delmarva Peninsula, emulated in Rotary Districts throughout the organization sponsoring the fund drive. United States. Assistant United States Attorney Seymour which embraces my own State of Dela­ Be it further resolved that this resolution Glanzer, chief of the fraud section in the ware and parts of Maryland and Vir­ be entered on the Journals of both the Sen­ prosecutors' office here, agrees with Van ginia, as well. ate and House of Representatives and copies Deerlln on the need for legislation. The program is a joint effort among be sent to the Presidents, Commanders and "If we had a law requiring complete, full Rotary District 763, the American Directors of the above mentioned organiza­ and accurate disclosure of fund raising,'' he Legion, Veterans of Foreign Wars, Dis­ tions. said, "we would have the means to police abled. American Veterans, and the Na­ the activity and protect the public from be­ tional Alliance of Businessmen's Metro THIRTY ROTARY CLUBS WILL UNCOVER ing exploited by unscrupulous fund raisers." operating out of Wilmington, Del. 400 JOB SLOTS The public, he contended, is being manip­ One of the most promising new efforts in ulated and if givers wake up and find them­ The "Hire A Veteran" program has been recognized by the general assembly, the nation in support of the Jobs for Veter­ selves being cynically exploited, all charities ans campaign is the Rotary's tri state "Hire will suffer. and I join in commending all the orga­ A Veteran" program- on the Delmarva Pe­ Until Van Deerlin gets his law, if you want nizations involved for their interest and ninsula on the eastern side of Chesapeake to know more about a charity before you dedication. Bay. The area-which comprises Rotary Dis- June 6, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19865

trict 763-includes all of Delaware, and parts This U.S. AID/ Turkey paper gives a authorities and responsibilities. Likewise, of Maryland and Virginia. brief TMA history, describes U.S. AID's municipal revenues are governed. by a law In conjunction with the National Alliance role in the development of the TMA and adopted in 1948, although cost requirements of Businessmen, the 30 Rotary Clubs in the have changed. drastically. Such laws were peninsula have agreed to hire 400 veterans summarizes the TMA's present place in prepared in Ankara. with little knowledge of between now and March 1, 1973. It ls the Turkish governance. problems encountered by municipal govern­ first service organization project of its kind I find this encouragement of TMA a ments and with no input from those officials in the country. first-rate application of title IX of the charged with administering the laws. The program was kicked off on March 1 Foreign Assistance Act. The objective of Both because o! scarce revenues and the of this year, and though only a.bout half of AID's involvement with the TMA is de­ organization of the tax base, Turkish munic­ the clubs have been contacted so far, 10 per scribed in the paper as creation of "a ipal governments have been unable to meet cent of the projected hiring goal has been many of the basic needs of their commu­ accomplished already. forum which would help to promote nities. The total number of Rotarians in District popular participation in municipal gov­ An example will demonstrate the plight of 763 ls 1,800, of which 1,600 are key business­ ernment and a system of municipal gov­ Turkish cities. According to information men in the local area. Employer outreach for ernment more capable of responding to gathered at a recent international meeting the project ls being handled by the NAB's the demands of its citizenry." This is a of local authorities, a German city of about Veterans/JOBS Representative, Air Force textbook description of what sPQnsors of 100,000 population had an annual budget of Sergeant Bill Buheit. Sergeant Buheit, a title IX wanted when that section was about 275 million DM (U.S. $86,478,000). On veteran of 20 years service who will continue March 1, 1972, the budget for Ankara (popu­ on with the NAB when he soon retires, is en­ written into the Foreign Assistance Act. lation 1.5 million) was announced-430 mil­ listing Rotary support by speaking before The progress described in the paper en­ lion TL (U.S. $30,715,000). The budget for a each of the Clubs in this large district. He courages all of us who are committed to population of 100,000 in Germany ls almost reports uniformly enthusiastic response to the title IX concept. 3 times that of a population of 1.5 million in his request that Rotarians help veterans to The paper follows: Turkey! find promising training and employment op­ TURKISH MUNICIPALS ASSOCL\TION In 1945, a small group of professors from portunities. Ankara University, along with a few city "Hire A Veteran" has been endorsed as the Assistance to the Turkish Municipals As­ planners, economists and Government om­ Delaware Rotary's primary vocational pro­ sociation could well be one of AID's most cials decided to try a different approach to gram for '72-'73. In addition to the impact beneficial projects in Turkey. The Turkish improve local administration. They con­ which this campaign ls having in the local Municipals Association (TMA) ls a prime cluded that proper organization and admin­ area., Rotary International ls interested in example of a once dormant organrnation istration were two of the needs Turkish expanding the idea, and probably wlll pat­ which has been transformed, with AID sup­ municipalities had to meet in order to obtain tern a national program on that of Dis­ port, into a powerful lobbying force aimed at optimum use of available manpower and fi­ trict 763. promoting a strong pluralistic system affect­ nancial resources. To find solutions to the In a recent speech, Secretary of Defense ing the relationship between central and lo­ problems which plagued the municipalities, Melvin R. Laird commended Rotarians across cal government. Today, it ls one Of the fe:w the group founded the Turkish Municipals the nation for their efforts in helping veter­ organizations in Turkey, national in scope, Association (TMA). TMA set out to make ans to find jobs. that has gained a substantial degree of inde­ scientific studies and to encourage training "These veterans had a wartime task that pendence from the Central Government. courses for municipal officials in municipal was in some ways the most difficult ever At the time the Turkish Municipals As­ development, city planning and local admin­ given to our armed forces," he said. "Yet sociation was created, municipal problems istration. These findings were made available despite all the difficulties, with rare excep­ were increasing in number and magnitude. through periodic publications. For nearly tion, they did well. They are entitled to the Municipal employees were poorly trained for twenty years it did little more than sponsor nation's gratitude and I believe they are en­ their jobs and municipal officials were given an occasional conference for mayors and titled to a. special measure of assistance as many responsibilities but very little author­ publish its periodicals. they re-enter the civilian community. I ity. The Turkish Municipals Association In the early 1960's, a major event occurred know of the special interest that Rotary started humbly and has developed into one which provided the framework for profound Clubs throughout the country ... have of Turkey's most prominent forces. Today, changes in central-local government rela­ ta.ken in supporting this program. I com­ it appears t.o have one of the finest tralnlng tionships. In 1963, laws governing election of mend Rotarians for what they are doing and programs available anywhere for mayors. It mayors were revised to permit popular elec­ urge continued intensified effort." speaks with authority, the authority of be­ tion of mayors instead of by City Councils Directly benefiting from the jobs produced ing wellgrounded in Turkish tradition and as had been the practice in the past. Follow­ by the Rota.ry's outreach effort will be those also on behalf of a majority of Turkey's 35 ing this change, and under new leadership, servicemen stationed at Dover Air Force million people. TMA began to grow. Base who choose to remain in the Delmarva. It ls the purpose of this pa.per to point up By 1967, mayors, with mandates from the Peninsula. after their release from active the situation which led t.o the creation o! cities, began to make their presence felt in duty. Sergeant Buheit served at Dover him­ the Turkish Municipals .Association, to ex­ the Board of Administration, TMA's execu­ self, and maintains close contact with the plain how it grew to its present position, and tive body. TMA began to expand its activi­ three-man staff of the Transition Program to shed some light on AID's role in its de­ ties and tQ bring them more into line with office on the base. velopment. city officials' concerns, particularly by plac­ Whenever he hears of a job opening in Tmditionally, municipal government in ing greater emphasis in training programs in the area, in the course of his outreach work, Turkey has been under the admlnistrative technical and administrative aspects of mu­ he lets the Transition office know. An air­ control and supervision of the mlnlstry of nicipal government. It was during this period man who has completed Transition training Interior. Since World War II the rapid ur­ that the Turkish Municipals Association and wants to live in the Delmarva area can banization process evident throughout the gave the first hint that it might develop into often be lined up with a job before separa­ country has created problems Of via.st dimen­ an important institution. AID recognized tion from the service. sions for the fast growing urban areas. In the this potential and, as a result of meetings 1940's the :irban population was 25 % of the between TMA and AID officials, an expanded total population; today it ls 45 % . To further role in municipal organization and adminis­ complicate matters, Turkish cities are old, tration was drawn up for TMA. DEVELOPMENT OF TURKISH MU­ having been built long before the advent of AID has played a critical role in the de­ the automobile. The effect of urbanization velopment of TMA on at least two important NICIPALS ASSOCIATION (TMA)­ (the coming of the automobile included) on levels. AID's budgetary support over the pa.st TITLE IX FOREIGN AID IN ACTION these cities has created problems such that five years has declined from virtually under­ new infra.structures had to be bullt in order writing the total cost of TMA activities to absorb the increased population. (almost 80% of total in 1967) to a much HON. DONALD M. FRASER Changes in the nature and character of lesser level (12~ % of total ls projected for OF lllINNESOTA municipal problems have far out-paced Turkish Fiscal 1972). The effect of gradually IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES adoption of new and effective measures to decreasing the level of AID lira support has cope with the new problems. As more people encouraged TMA to increase its own sources Tuesday, June 6, 1972 began to migrate to urban centers, Ministry of revenue and to approximate financial in­ Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, Mr. Joseph o! Interior officials continued to influence dependence early in its development. S. Toner, Director of U.S. AID in Turkey municipalities regarding municipal laws, With AID budgetary support, a program had forwarded to me a paper on the de- police and tramc control, budget approval, in­ was developed to strengthen TMA by expand­ spection of financial records and in some ing its service to municlpa.litles through ex­ velopment of the Turkish Municipals As­ cases even the temporary removal or appoint­ tension of conferences, seminars, training sociation and AID's contribution to the ment of Mayors. Municipalities had little or courses, research and publications, and by growth of that organization. The TMA is no administrative or financial autonomy. sending participants to the U.S. and Europe. concerned with the problems facing mu­ Even today, a municipal law adopted in 1930 The objective of the program was to creat e, nicipalities in Turkey. continues to govern the sc_ope o! municipal through the Municipals Assooiiation, a forum 19866 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 6, 1972 which would help to promote popular partic­ cities. Municipal government needs to fulfill that TMA will have a greater impact. The ipation in municipal government and a sys­ its role as guardian of the rights of its citi­ goal of TMA is to gain greater autonomy tem of municipal government more capable zenry. Using the Turkish Municipals Asso­ from the Central Government. Much has of responding to the demands of its citizens. ciation as the voice of Turkey's cities, they been done, but much remains. Since AID made lira funds available in 1967 say, is "the way to democratic rule." As an institution to continue to improve to February 1972, TMA has compiled the fol­ AID's policy of encouraging TMA to strive municipal government, the Municipals Asso­ lowing record of accomplishments: for financial viability now instead of waiting ciation is well suited; it has not other inter­ Sponsored-17 regional seminars for 941 until it is confronted with a crisis has led to ests. Using its combined influence, the Mu­ municipal technical employees; seminars (for an early recognition that raising the reve­ nicipals Association has been able to lobby over 200 Provincial Center city mayors) on nues of TMA would make it a much impressively for passage of measures aimed top level management urbanization, munic­ stronger and more effective organization. at helping the cities. At the national con­ ipal income, and metropolitan administra­ TMA, since it is decentralized and not a gov­ ference in 1968, the mayors indicated their tion. ernmental body, does not have authority to willingness and their ability to support ex­ Conducted-9 regional mayors' seminars levy taxes or to receive compensation for its panded TMA activities. Again, at the Mayors' for 917 mayors; 11 training courses for 378 services. The Law of Organizations, which Seminar on the Municipal Revenue Bill in newly elected mayors; 6 training courses for governs all organizations in Turkey, limits January 1972, TMA demonstrated that their city clerks. membership fees to 120 TL (U.S. $8.57 per members will rally around issues common Published-20 books. annum). However, donations are permissible. to many municipalities. The regional conferences for mayors, the Today, in large cities such as Ankara, Istan­ The Turkish Municipals Association is an regional technical courses for technical em­ bul and Izmir, individual "donations" per indigenous organization whose founders rec­ ployees and the training courses for new member are between TL 5,000 and TL 7,000 ognized the need for some group through mayors were the first of their kind ever held per annum. Despite the fact that members which municipal government could be im­ in Turkey. The training courses for new may­ a.re making "donations" each year, TMA proved. It was not, however, until the proper ors offers instruction on personnel policy, wants to make higher fees a legal require­ mixture of dynamic TMA leadership and laws of local organization, accounting, infor­ ment for its members. A bill to this effect is AID assistance were combined that TMA be­ mation with respect to lending channels now being considered in Parliament. gan to realize the goals set by its founders. available to cities, local laws concerning rev­ Presently, a Municipal Revenue Bill, TMA has been successful because it has been enues, and penalties. In addition to sched­ designed to significantly increase revenues able to attract strong leaders who firmly be­ uled. programs, many municipalities sent let­ to cities, is being considered by Parliament. lieve that municipal government can best ters to TMA discussing various problams. The bill is so important to municipal devel­ be improved through a system which affect These letters were then published by TMA opment that TMA has given the b111 top municipalities. AID has guided TMA's de­ as a first line of training, i.e., awareness of priority backing. At the end of the Mayors• velopment through a rational policy of budg­ common problems. Seminar on the bill, all mayors present sent etary support which has encouraged rapid A second level at which AID's role has been cables to the President and to Members of expansion, but only after the Assocaition•s critical ls in strengthening TMA's reputation Parliament stating that they were strongly leaders had established a solid foundation. in the eyes of its members. AID has financed in favor of having the Revenue Bill hecome (and continues to support) teams of mayors, law. Also, through a small working commit­ under TMA sponsorship, who have gone to tee on the Blll, TMA has been able to have the United States for the long-term purpose major inputs in discussions on the form the SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION IN PRE­ of broadening their knowledge of urban af­ bill will finally take. It has even had repre­ fairs and adapting those techniques suitable sentatlon (non-voting of course) in Par­ DOMINANTLY RURAL AREAS for use in Turkey. TMA sponsorship of these liament's sub-committee hearings. This overseas training programs has served to represents a significant change in the tradi­ demonstrate the respect and support TMA tional process of decision-making; tradi­ HON. LEE METCALF has achieved from the international com­ tionally, municipalities have had little input OF MONTANA munity. regarding legislation. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES TMA operates as a pressure group to ad­ TMA activities are not only concerned with vance municipal interests. TMA-sponsored training and getting the Municipal Revenue Tuesday, June 6, 1972 meetings, training courses, seminars, etc .• Bill passed. They are pressing for the pas­ Mr. METCALF. Mr. President, recently bring cities' and mayors' problems to the sur­ sage of a new Property Law (the main source I had an opportunity to read an impor­ face. Mayors from different regions come to­ of income for U.S. cities). TMA anticipates tant and eloquent statement by one of gether to listen to experts on various sub­ that a Revenue Bill and the Property Law jects important to munlcipallttes. Through would generate an average of about 60% our colleagues. Because I know some­ meetings of this kind, mayors have become more revenue for the cities. While this will thing of the genesis of legislation that better acquainted with each other's problems mean a substantial increase in income only has given the States Federal aid to edu­ and a.re developing a show of unity and for the larger cities, the laws would bring cation, and because Montana and Ari­ strength in their dealings with the Central little additional income to smaller communi­ zona each has a large Indian population, Government. ties. TMA has been instrumental in increas­ and Air Force bases, Senator FANNIN's TMA also brings Central Government per­ ing the Central Government's share of in­ testimony has particular significance for sonnel to meet with mayors. Many Central come returned to small cities by moving Government officials, by participating in from the traditional distribution of revenue me. TMA programs, have become better ac­ on a population basis so that t;he smaller The distinguished senior Senator from quainted with the problems and needs of the cities at the bottom of the distribution pat­ Arizona has called for a renewal of our cities. Open discussions of municipal prob­ tern will have their portions increased from commitment under the authority of Pub­ lems between mayors and Central Govern­ the lump sum allocated to municipalities lic Law 815 to construct schools. ment officials have taken place. A case in for a given fiscal year. Mindful of the possibility that it will point is the Mayors' Seminar on the Munici­ TMA is also lobbying for a Law of Con­ be criticized as inflationary, Senator pal Revenue Bill which was held in Ankara solidation of Municipal Debts and for a new in January 1972. During the seminar, one­ system of electing mayors; and it has plans FANNIN, a responsible member of the fourth of the Cabinet of the Central Gov­ to set up an institute for mayor training Committee on Finance, has demonstrated ernment attended various portions of the and research. TMA is stlll working to in­ that the effect would be minimal or zero. seminar. It is significant, and indicative of crease its publications and to provide con­ Moreover, because the proposal contem­ TMA's growing importance, that such a large sultants to municipalities to aid with special plates expenditures for school construc­ number of Central Government officials felt projects, sometimes using its good offices to tion in predominantly rural areas, it is a it necessary to attend and to present the offi­ make important technical contacts. logical complement to legislation already cial views to the mayors• group. Another function of the Turkish Munici­ The strength of the Turkish Municipals approved by the Senate for rural devel­ pals Association is to represent Turkey in opment. Last, but not least, his formula Association is predicated upon the fact that the European Council of Local Authorities mayors represent the tremendous voting would bring jobs into areas of substantial (ECLA) and the International Union of Local or persistent unemployment. power of the cities. A source of strength in Authorities (!ULA). Both organizations pro- its earlier organization was the close contact mote discussion of municipal problems open­ In testimony before the Senate Sub­ between Parliament and members of TMA, ly in an international forum. Until a few committee on Appropriations for the De­ but TMA has since broadened the base for partments of Labor, and Health, Educa­ its lobbying activities. Today, TMA officials years ago TMA was not active in conferences assert that Central Government policies sponsored by either ECLA or !ULA. Now, with tion, and Welfare, Senator FANNIN urged cannot be effectively executed at the local its broader outlook, TMA attends regular increasing the budget amount from the level without the aid of the Turkish Munici­ conferences and meetings. In 1973 ECLA's requested $15 to $45 million. He sug­ pals Association. They say that not only does annual conference ls scheduled to be held gested appropriation of one-third the 45% of the total population live in the cities, in Turkey. amount for the construction of schools but all newspapers and other media, almost As for TMA activities over the next five for Indian children, both on and off 98% of all industries, all hospitals, banks, or ten years, the general belief-both of reservation, and two-thirds for schools and most schools are located in Turkey's TMA and Central Government officials-is for the children of uniformed services June 6, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19867 personnel who live on base. I would pre­ My purpose is to make a case for the tinued into the 1971-72 fiscal year with ap­ f er that we build all of the schools that increased funding of the P.L. 815 school propriations remaining at the same level. construction program. The rationale for limiting construction ac­ have been found eligible for Public Law PL. 815 and its companion measure, P.L. tivities was based on the desire to reduce 815 assistance--there is nearly $300 mil­ 874, known more popularly as the "impacted Federal expenditures and the fear that con­ lion in the total of applications awaiting aids" measures, constitute a Federal policy struction activities would significantly con­ funding by the Office of Education-and for assisting school districts financially bur­ tribute to inflationary pressures. This ra­ I cannot endorse the suggested wholesale dened as a result of new or expanded Federal tionale is understandable and given the his­ elimination of assistance for all children activities. Specifically, P.L. 815 authorizes torical context, justifiable. However, the cir­ whose parents work, but do not live, on Federal financial assistance for construc­ cumstances which originally supported this Federal property, such as those at Fort tion by local education agencies of urgently view are changing; and it would seem appro­ needed minimum school facilities in school priate, at this time, to review this policy. In Peck and Hungry Horse. However, at a districts which have had substantial in­ addition, there are factors which not only time of vigorous competition for the creases in school membership as a result of support a review but provide attractive rea­ budget dollar, $45 million is greatly to be new or increased Federal activities. Assist­ sons for increased funding of school con­ preferred to $15 million. I hope the Sen­ ance is also authorized for construction of struction projects. ate Appropriations Committee will give minimum school facilities by local educa­ PUBLIC LAW 815 : THE CASE FOR INCREASED serious consideration to Senator FANNIN's tional agencies for pupils residing on Indian FUNDING arguments in behalf of increased money lands and by the Federal government on There are a number of reasons which can Federal property (such as Army, Navy, and be cited to support the view that P.L. 815 for school construction. Air Force installations) when no state or Mr. President, to his service on the local education agency can legally do so. should be funded at substantially higher Special Subcommittee on Indian Educa­ Since its enactment in 1951, Congress has levels. tion, Senator FANNIN brought his per­ First, P.L. 815 ls national in scope. As of appropriated well over a billion dollars for March, 1972, the Office of Education had on sonal knowledge of the desperate needs support of the P.L. 815 Program. The result file 555 approved applications from 45 states, for school facilities of his Navajo and has been the construction of 76 thousand Puerto Rico, and Guam. Hopi constituents. As a member of the classrooms serving some 2,201,140 students Second, the 555 applications, now pending, Af­ throughout the fifty states, the District of Committee on Interior and Insular Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Virgin represent estimated entitlements totalling fairs, Arizona's senior Senator joined the Islands, and Wake Island. PL. 815 has con­ $261 million. This constitutes a program of Senator from New Mexico (Mr. ANDER­ tributed much, and Congress can be justifi­ important dimensions. SON) and others of us in introducing Sen­ ably proud of its significant accomplish­ Third, by providing Federal assistance ments. through P.L. 815 for the construction of ate Joint Resolution 144, calling for the needed school facilities, the Federal gov­ construction of schools in or near Indian Yet, while P.L. 815 has realized some im­ ernment can contribute to the easing of the reservations. The measure was approved portant educational needs in the past, fund­ ever increasing financial pressures which by the Senate in the last Congress but ing levels for the last four years have been insuffcient to meet the requirements of the schools affected by Federal impact activities was never concurred in by the House. program. As a result, there are pending at are currently experiencing. Further, Senator FANNIN is aware, as this time 555 applications totalling $261,633,- Without sufficient assistance from P.L. we all are, that recruitment of volunteers 676 against a budget request of $15 million. 815, these schools wlll have to resort to other for our Armed Forces has grown more Obviously, it would be unrealistic and fiscally financial approaches which may not be irresponsible to fund all present applications sound or operate needed educational pro­ difficult, as the proposed bonus testifies. grams at near or below minimal levels. These Surely, if men are to remain in the mili­ in one fiscal year; but the present budget represent the basic issues in school financ­ tary, we must assure them that their de­ request is inadequate and deserves recon­ sideration by this Committee. ing, but P.L. 815, if adequately funded, could pendent children have a decent education help to overcome the difficulties which many In my opinion, a reasonable increase in on or near the bases to which they are appropriations for this vital program can be schools are facing in providing quality edu­ assigned. justified. cational services. in is Fourth, Congress, through P.L. 815, has de­ The Federal impact both cases P .L. 815 : PROBLEMS OF FUNDING unequivocal. There is no tax base to raise clared it to be the policy of the United States The reduced funding levels which the to provide for the construction of needed money for schools. Indian reservations P.L. 815 Program has experienced during school facilities in school districts which are tax-exempt lands. So are Air Force recent years is due to a number of decisions have had substantial increases in school and Army and Navy bases. The Federal which have effectively limited not only P.L. membership as a result of new or increased responsibility for each is well established 815, but other Federal construction programs Federal activities. This is a commitment re­ in our laws. What has been missing is as well. lied upon heavily by those affected school money. Beginning in 1967 the Congress passed, and districts; and, in addition, it is a priority Senator FANNIN recognizes our com­ the President approved, P.L. 90-218, which program for many schools and the communi­ mitment and our neglect and offers a directed that Federal obligations and expend­ ties which they serve. In this spirit, then, itures in controllable programs for fiscal Congress should renew its commitment to responsible solution to difficulties that year 1968 be substantially reduced. This was P.L. 815 by funding it in a manner which will continue to compound unless we act. followed in 1968 by enactment of the Rev­ substantially serves its objectives. I hope that all Senators will read his enue and Expenditure Act, which had a Fifth, the need of many schools for addi­ statement carefully. I ask unanimous similar effect on available funds and ex­ tional facilities, due to Federal activities, is consent that its entire text be printed in penditures in fiscal year 1969. increasing, while funding for P.L. 815 has the RECORD. Then in 1969 the President, through the declined. There being no objection, the state­ President's Construction Reduction Plan, With limited funds, only a few projects ment and proposed amendment were or­ ordered a 75 percent reduction in direct can be supported; and the result ls that a construction obligations. This Presidential large number of projects must be deferred. In dered to be printed in the RECORD, as order had the effect of permitting only two some cases, projects must wait two or three follows: construction contracts to be let in fiscal year years or longer to be funded while the needs STATEMENT OF SENATOR PAUL J. FANNIN 1970. The result of these actions was to sig­ which triggered the application continue, ON PuBLIC LAW 815 nificantly reduce actual appropriations for and even increase. In fact, no funds have Mr. Chairman, I appreciate very much your P.L. 815 for 1968, 1969, and 1970. been appropriated for Section 5 for nearly providing me with this opportunity to testify Public Law 815: Appropriations as Percent of five years. In my estimation, by insufficiently before your committee. Authorization: 1968, 69, 70 funding P.L. 815, existing problems remain In appearing here, I am not unmindful of unsolved and additional ones are created. the difficulties you face in funding a multi­ (In thousands of dollars) In my own State of Arizona, for example, tude of Federal programs. The fiscal chal­ 1968: the lack of funds to adequately support P.L. lenges we face as a nation ar~ of major im­ Authorizations ------80, 000 815 ls causing considerable difficulties, espe­ portance to me, a view which I know you Appropriations ------22, 937 cially In those public schools educating share. In this respect, then, my testimony Percent of Authorization______28. 7 Indian children who llve on the reservations. today, which is primarily directed toward 1969: These schools have experienced substantial Federal school construction programs, takes Authorization ------79, 162 increases in Indian student enrollment dur­ into account the continuing budget re­ Appropriation ------15, 153 ing the last few years, a trend which I ex­ straints and the need for fiscal responsiblllty. Percent of Authorization______19. 1 pect will continue. Yet, the fac111ties which But I must add that budget pressures can be 1970: were designed originally to handle fewer stu­ somewhat ameliorated by a strong economy; Authorization ------79, 347 dents are now hopelessly inadequate. These and the proposals which I am otfering today Appropriation ------15. 167 schools sought assistance for constructing constitute a plan to atimulate the economy Percent of Authorization______19. 1 the critically needed facilities under Sec­ within a context of sound fiscal policy. Moreover, the effect of these actions con- tions 14a and 14b but learned that the funds CXVIII--1252-Part 15 19868 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 6, 1972 allocated to these sections were insufficient decent and healthful living environment in of inflationary impact if its applications to meet their needs at that time. the less populated areas of our Nation." were funded. They reported that, "Since This resulted in many of these schools PL. 815 can play a major role in realizing $24.2 million of the unfunded P.L. 815 ap­ having to acquire temporary facllltles (some the worthwhile object ives that Sen ator plications in the state are in the non-SMSA of which a.re considered sub-standard), ad­ Ellender has enunciated. Funding the P.L. counties (only $5.2 mlllion in SMSA coun­ just their programs, initiat e double sessions, 815 program can create jobs, develop eco­ ties), it is certainly feasible that some local and make other arrangements. Together, nomic opportunities and, through the pro­ labor, possibly now unemployed, could be these decisions are defeating the superb vision of a quality educational program, pro­ utlllzed with little inflationary impact. Of efforts of these schools to provide a quality vide an attractive living environment. further interest in t his regard is the fact educational program for our In dian children. More importantly, however, by fostering that roughly 87 percent of all contract con­ This situation ls made doubly critical by rural economic development through P.L. struction work within the state does occur the fact that these schools, because of ln­ 815, a significant residual benefit could ac­ in Maricopa and Pima Counties. This may sUfiicient PL. 815 funding, are having to crue to the educational system of rural indicate that additional construction ex­ make other financial arrangements to ac­ school districts. pendit ures directed towards the more rural quire the money for providing or construct­ In a recent study prepared by the Library areas (e.g., Indian reservations) oould result ing additional faclllties. This has proved of Congress, which sampled selected rural in little or no increase in construction costs difficult because these schools have a limited school districts applying for P.L. 815 support, because of the absence of high demand for tax base and their bonding capacity is statu­ it was determined that the adjusted gross in­ such activities in those areas." torily rest ricted. Moreover, some schools, come per pupil within those school districts The Arizona St ate study concludes by after exhausting these t wo approaches, have was below the state average. For applications arguing that "problems of inflation, albeit had to divert portions of their operating under Sections 5, 9, and 14c of the Act, 28 construction prices, services costs, etc. have budgets to acquire or rent temporary facll­ out of the 40 districts sampled were below been more noticeable in metropolitan areas. ities. The result, in some cases, has been the the average. And for applications under Sec­ If inflation ls expected to be a continuing shrinking of funds budgeted for operating tions 14a and 14b, all the sampled districts problem {clearly a separate question) then expenses. were below the state average. it will likely continue to be more noticeable More importantly, however, the diversion Obviously, then, by promoting construction in metropolitan areas." of operating expenses affects the quality of activity in rural areas it may be possible, I realize, of course, that these generaliza­ the educational program, and I am sure you with the assistance of other Federal policies, tions may not be entirely valid for all areas will agree that this situation makes it all to raise income levels and thus provide great­ since local conditions will vary, but I am the more critical that funds for PL. 815 be er revenues for educational activities. In convinced that funded P.L. 815 applications increased. addition, increased funds for educational en­ in rurai areas will not result in serious in­ The outlook, however, ls not promising. At deavors could help to ease the financial pres­ flationary consequences. the present time, there are 46 approved ap­ sures which so many schools are currently Second, I am also convinced that school plications under sections 14a and 14b with facing. construction projects located in areas of un­ estimated entitlements of $43 million. Yet, Seventh, P.L. 815 could serve to reduce un­ employment will not create significant in­ the 1972-73 budget proposes that only $5 employment. A recent study prepared by my flationary pressures. million be appropriated. This troubles me staff indicates that a definite correlation In summary, Mr. Chairman, it would ap­ because Arizona alone, having the largest exists between the location of P.L. 815 appli­ pear that inflationary consequences would be concentration of reservation Indians, needs cant schools and the presence of areas of un­ minimal if the P.L. 815 program were $23 million, nearly 50 percent of the total, to employment as designated by the Depart­ funded. More importantly, however, funding realize the physical plant objectives of its ment of Labor. P.L. 815 at this time could result in some reservation public schools. It is my argument that in areas of high significant economic benefits which would The continued minimal funding of this unemployment, especially in skllls related to Jl?.Ore than outweigh any inflationary con­ vital program will undoubtedly postpone the the building trades, Federal expenditures, 1n sequences. In this respect, P.L. 815 presents realization of a quality educational program this case the P.L. 815 program, would not an opportunity for stimulating economic for our reservation Indians. tend to be inflationary, but in fa.ct would ac­ growth Without serious inflationary impact. This is not only my concern-the Senate tually promote the economic improvement of P.L. 815: RECOMMENDATIONS the areas. Special Subcommittee on Indian Education, ~. Chairman, in reviewing the evidence, of which I was a member, recommended in While I have not as yet exhausted the data there is no doubt that a case for funding November 1969 that "P.L. 815 be more fully to permit a completely valid national gen­ P.L. 815 at substantially higher levels exists. to funded." The final report of the Subcommit­ eralization, I have sampled enough states I, therefore, recommend the followtng for tee, Indian Education: A National Tragedy­ support the correlation. your consideration: A National Challenge, argued that "it is im­ For example, in five Western states---New First, that the Oommittee approve the perative that more attention be given to Mexico, Arizona, California, Washington, and language in the Administration's budget for funding this legislation particularly for those Montana-there are 174 applications with restricting funding to Sections 14a and 14b sections under which disadvantaged stu­ estimated entitlements totalling $84 million, and Section 5. dents, such as Indians, are su1ferlng with of which 121 applications totalling $59 million Second, I urge the Committee to increase inadequate faclllties. It ls difficult enough to are in areas described by the Department of the budget a.inount from $15 million to $45 tea.ch children with special needs, without Labor as being economically depressed. In million to be divided as follows: one-third to having to face the added difficulty of inade­ addition, of those 121 applications, 75 are in Sections 14a and 14b and two-thirds to Sec­ quate faclllties." To achieve a quality In­ rural areas. Thus, by funding P.L. 815 school tion 5. construction projects in these areas, unem­ dian education program, PL. 815 needs to be CONCLUSION sUfiiciently funded. ployment could be eased and rural economic Yet, the needs of 14a and 14b are only one development fostered. Mr. Chairman, I believe we have demon­ part of the total picture. By highlighting In summary, P.L. 815 would not only serve strated a need and a rationa.Ie for funding these needs, however, we are making the to realize educational objectives, it could PL. 815, and I earnestly hope that Congress case for the needs of all schools which have solve some important economic problems as will now find it possible to increase its com­ made application under P.L. 815. · well. mitments to this vital p·rogram. Sixth, the P.L. 815 program offers a unique PUBLIC LAW 815: INFLATIONARY IMPACT opportunity to serve the objectives of re­ Mr. Chairman, whether one chooses eco­ PROPOSED FANNIN AMENDMENT cently enacted Congressional policies for nomic or educational reasons for funding APPROPRIATION ESTIMATE-SCHOOL AsSISTANCE rural economic development. P.L. 815, the question of inflationary impact IN F'EDERALL Y AFFECTED AllEAs Interestingly enough, 410, or 74 percent of must be faced. For carrying out title I of the Act of the pending 815 applications with estimated It has been argued that by funding Fed­ September 30, 1950, as amended (20 U.S.C., entitlements totalling $129 million a.re lo­ eral construction projects, including PL. 815, ch. 13), and the Act of September 23, 1950, as cated in rural areas. Senator Ellender has serious economic consequences would surely amended (20 U.S.C., ch. 19), [$430,910,000] expressed the need for "a national program follow in the form of strong inflationary pres­ $460,910,000, of which $415,000,000 shall be to stay and reverse the heavy flow of people sures. It is my contention, however, that for the maintenance and operation of schools who a.re migrating into our cities If we a.re funding P.L. 815 would not result in unman­ a.s authorized by said title I of the Act of ever to obliterate poverty, revitalize our ageable economic problems. September 30, 1950, as amended, and [$15,- countryside and provide opportunities for To support this contention, I would cite 910,000] $45,910,000, which shall remain those tens of millions who wlll soon join us as reasons the rural orientation of present available until expended, shall be for pro­ on this earth. I belleve that the sprawling, P.L. 815 a.ppllca.tions and the relationship of viding school facilities a.s authorized by said haphazard and unmanageable urbanization some of these applications to areas of unem­ Act of September 23, 1950: Provided That ployment. of our country can only be halted by en­ none of the funds contained hereu{ shall couraging a reversal of migration trends First, 410, or 74 percent, of the total ap­ be available to pay local educational agencies plications now pending are located in rural pursuant to the provisions of any other sec­ through Inducements to remain in rural school dii;;tricts. Since Arizona's applications tion of said title I until payment has been areas. The Federal government can and a.re predominantly rural, I asked Arizona made of 100 per centum of the amounts pay­ should do more to provide jobs, better eco­ State University and its College of Busi­ able under sections 6 and S(a) of said title nomic opportunities and a more attractive, ness Administration to determine the extent which section 3 (a) ihall include all pupils June 6, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19869 residing on Indian lands: Provided further, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATIO N, AND WELFARE , year was .82, which is less than one ac­ That none of the funds remaining after the OFFICE OF EDUCATIO N cident per million man-hours worked. A foregoing payments shall be available to pay SCHOOL ASSISTANCE IN FEDERALLY AFFECTED AREAS, million man-hours is the equivalent of local educational agencies pursuant to the 500 persons each working a normal work provisions of any other section of said title I PUBLIC LAW 815, CONSTRUCTION until payment has been made of 100 per cen­ year of 2,000 hours. tum of the amounts to which such agencies 1973 In addition, eight General Motors fa­ are entitled pursuant to section 3 (b) for State and 1972 appro­ 1973 proposed cilities hold National Safety Council pupils who are dependents of Uniformed ou tlyi ng areas priation estim ate amendment world records for safety based on con­ Services personnel: Provided further, That tinuous man-hours worked without a dis­ t he amount to be paid to an agency pur­ Total______$1 9, 300, 000 $15, 910, 000 $45, 910, 000 abling injury in that particular facility. suant to said title I (except section 7) for Alaba ma______298, 000 298, 000 They are: General Motors Assembly Di­ the current fiscal year shall not be less, by Ala ska ______vision, Wilmington Plant, Wilmington, more than five per centum of the expendi­ Arizo na______2, 024, 615 3, 949, 000 13, 185, 000 Del.; Terex Division, St. Clair Plant, tures for free public education made by such Arkansas______713, 000 950, 000 agency for the fiscal year 1972, than the Californ ia______10, 609, 500 6, 689, 000 10, 632, 000 Cleveland, Ohio; Central Foundry Di­ Colorado______1, 614, 000 amount of its payment under said title I Connecticut______vision, Saginaw Plant, Saginaw, Mich.; (except section 7) for the fiscal year 1972 : Delaware ______------______Electro-Motive Division, Cleveland Plant, Provided further, That none of the funds Florida ______------______------332, 000 Cleveland, Ohio; General Motors Part.s contained herein for providing school facili­ Division, Otterburn Plant, Flint, Mich.; ties shall be available to pay for any other ~:~:Idahoi______r_-~======_ =______======_ =______======33== 7=,= 0= =0 0= Chevrolet Motor Division, Tonawanda section of the Act of September 23, 1950, un­ Illinois______2, 141, 000 2, 378, 000 til payment has been made of 100 per centum Indiana______Foundry Plant, Buffalo, N.Y.; Chevrolet of the amount payable under section 5 and Iowa ______Motor Division, Detroit Forge Plant, Kansas ______311 , 000 Detroit, Mich., and Chevrolet Motor Di­ subsections 14(a) and 14(b). Kentucky______585, 000 EFFECT OF AMENDMENT FOR SCHOOL ASSISTANCE Lou isiana ______487, 959 304, 000 304, 000 vision, Metal Fabricating Plant, Flint, IN FEDERALLY AFFECl'ED AREAS MaMarineyland------______---__------______------______-___------______-_ Mich. It is obviously apparent that this out­ The Amendment would provide $460,910,- Massachusetts ______1, 500, 000 ------000 in the 1973 appropriation bill, an increase Mich igan ______------______standing record could not have been Minnesota ______912, 880 ------863, 000 achieved and maintained without the of $30,000,000 over the budget request, for Mississ ippi______889, 900 ------______financial assistance to local school districts Missouri______146, 004 ------845, 000 sincere and dedicated efforts of General for the construction of school faclllties in Montana ______447, 828 ------2, 970, 000 Motors and its employees to insure that areas where enrollments are increased by NevadaNebraska ______1, 069___ ,_ 924_____ --__------______- -- _ safety really is first on every job. I con­ Federal activities as authorized by Public New Hampshire ______------______gratulate them on this fine accomplish­ Law 815. The new total for this program New Jersey ______976, 000 976, 000 would be $45,910,000, while the amount re­ New Mexico ______------______ment. New York ____ _------______------______quested for maintenance and operation, North Carolina ______------______$415,000,000, will remain the same the as North Dakota ______210, 190 ------2, 036, 000 RESULTS OF THE HONORABLE DEL­ original budget request. Ohio ______1, 875, 000 The effect of this proposed amendment Oklahoma ______: ______BERT L. LATTA'S LATEST QUES­ Oregon _____ ------______would be to triple the funds going to Sec­ Pennsylvania ______TIONNAffiE tions 14(a) and 14(b) and Section 5. Pre­ Rhode Island______3, 091 , 000 liminary estimates indicate that about 12 South Carolina ______project s u n der section 14(a) and (b) (sub­ South Dakota ______305, 800 ------HON. DELBERT L. LATTA st antial number of children residing on Fed­ Tennessee _____ ------______OF OHIO Texas ______498, 000 587, 000 980, 000 eral property-mostly tax exempt Indian Utah ______------______------_ ------______IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES land-and lack of Federal resources) and 53 Tuesday, June 6, 1972 projects under Section 5 (local education ~r:~n~~~~~======agencies with heavy Federal impact) will be Wash ington ______172, 400 111, 000 937, 000 W~st V i~g i n i a ______60, 000 60, 000 Mr. LATTA. Mr. Speaker, each year funded with this increased appropriation. Wrscons rn ______I send a questionnaire to my constituents Most of the 23,400 pupils eligible for payment Wyom ing______82, 000 82, 000 in t hese projects either reside in school dis­ District of Columbia __ __------______------__ to give them an opportunity to express tricts serving Indian children, or reside on themselves on some of the more impor­ =------======- --- "269; military installat ions located in applicant s~~w~~fe~~~a_s~ = == = ~ :·-~~~ -== oiiii tant current issues and events. I have school districts. A number of the pupils eli­ just completed. the tabulation of this gible for payment who reside off Federal year's returns and wish to share them property wm reside on such property upon GENERAL MOTORS IS FIRST IN with my colleagues. completion of programmed military housing SAFETY By a vote of 4 to 1, the people in my units. district have indicated their support of School assist ance in federally affected areas the President's efforts to bring peace to 1973 budget estimate ______$430, 910, 000 HON. MARTHA W. GRIFFITHS the world by meeting with the leaders of 1973 revised estimate______460, 910, 000 OF MICHIGAN Russia and China on their own soil. It is Net change ______+ so, 000, 000 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES interesting to note that only 28.1 percent Tuesday, June 6, 1972 of those responding would trust the The proposed amendment would retain the North Vietnamese-as some are now ad­ Administration sponsored appropriation lan­ Mrs. GRIFFITHS. Mr. Speaker, for the vocating-to return our prisoners of war guage concentrating payments on Sections 23d time in 30 years, the General Motors after we withdrew all of our troops from 14(a) and (b) and Section 5 but would add will an additional $30,000,000 to provide a total Corp. be awarded, on June 9, 1972, South Vietnam. The results indicate that of $45,910,000 for construction and a total of the National Safety Council's highest 69.l percent are satisfied with the Pres­ $460,910,000 for the entire appropriation. award for on-the-job safety. In an­ ident's schedule of troop withdrawals This additional $30,000,000 would increase nouncing the recipient of the 1971 Award from South Vietnam. In order to give you the project s funded to 65, 12 projects under of Honor, the National Safety Council the complete results of this poll, I now Sections 14(a) and (b ) and 53 projects under stated that General Motors had been se­ submit them below in their entirety: Section 5. More than 50 percent of the ap­ lected in recognition of its continuing (Answers in percent) proximately 23,400 pupils eligible for pay­ safety record. In order to win this award, ment either reside in school districts serving 1.a. Did you approve of the President's trip Indian children, or reside on military instal­ General Motors safety record had to be to mainland China? Yes, 82.1; no 17.9. lations located in applicant school districts. better than the average safety record b. Do you agree with the President that A number of the pupils eligible for payment of both General Motors and the entire the opening of a dialogue with ma.inland who reside off Federal property will reside automotive industry for the preceding China is essential if we are to have world on such property upon completion of pro­ 3 years. The automotive industry leads peace in the future? Yes, 83.1; no, 16.9. grammed military housing units. The com­ all other industries in on-the-job safety, c. Should we expand trade with ma.inland b ined number of unhoused pupils under sub­ and the National Safety Council's sta- China. if this means the extension of credit? section 14(a) and (b) and Section 5 applica­ tistics indicate that General Motors em­ Yes, 61.3; no, 38.7. tions as of the end of the application four­ d. Do you agree that we must continue to year increase period is reported to be 26,800 ployees has an accident frequency rate support Nationalist China..? Yes, 60.4; no, a n d project ed t w o yea.rs beyond the end of almost twice as good as the entire auto­ 39.6. that period is estimated to be 38,200 for ap­ motive industry. The accident frequency 2. Do you favor the President's planned plicant school districts examined. rate for General Motors employees last trip to Moscow? Yes, 77.5; no, 22.5. 19870 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 6, 1972 3.a. In your opinion ls the Ad.ministra­ stringent than (and tacitly undermined by) this ancient practice that notice should be tion's program to hold down prices and the FDA order which permits Class C fire­ ta.ken of the character and the public serv­ wages (Phase II) working? Yes, 22.4; no, works, the so-called ·common' or 'safe and ices rendered by the Honorable Henry Lester 77.6. sane' variety." Yet 42 per cent of injuries Hooker, a prominent native of Patrick b. Would you have preferred a one-year ex­ listed in the document, "Fireworks Incidents Oounty and a distinguished Virginian whose tension of the 90-day freeze on prices and in the United States During 1969," were at­ portrait ls being presented today. wages? Yes, 63.8; no, 36.2. tributed to Class C fireworks. This gentleman was born at Buffalo Ridge, 4. Are you 'for the busing of children to The case for stringent regulations on a in Patrick County on the 25th day of April, achieve a racial balance in our public schools? national basis ls a strong one. Although llii­ 1885, the son of John Wesley and Margaret Yes, 9.5; no, 90.5. nois law ba.BS the sale of fireworks for other Akers Hooker. He was the youngest of thir­ 5. Do you favor a program of national than supervised displays, example, "boot­ teen children in a family consisting of nine health insurance to cover major illnesses for legging" them from other states ls demon­ boys and four girls. all citizens? Yes, 46.8; no, 53.2. strably commonplace. The Hooker pa.rents were sturdy, God­ 6. Last year, President Nlxon vetoed a pro­ The NSPS conceded that the FDA has pro­ fearing people who instilled into their chil­ posed 2 billion dollar a year comprehensive posed some changes in fireworks controls, but dren the fundamental truths of llfe. All of child care program. Should the federal gov­ argues that they don't go far enough. "Far the boys and girls of this family were en­ ernment undertake such a program? Yes, enough," it ls indicated, ls a total ban on fire­ dowed with sterling qualities of character 20.6; no, 79.4. works not used for licensed displays. We and all of them were highly respected, some 7. Do you favor tax incentives as a means agree. of whom became widely known for the suc­ of encouraging industries to locate in rural cess which they achieved in their respecitive areas and small communities? Yes, 47; no, lifelong pursuits. 53. In fact, for more than three-quarters of a 8.a. Are you satisfied with our withdrawal TRIBUTE TO THE HONORABLE century, the Hooker name has been syn­ rate from Vietnam? (There were 543,000 HENRY LESTER HOOKER onomous with the name of Patrick, and this troops in Vietnam when this Ad.mlnlstra­ was no doubt due to the innate character of tion took office. There will be 69,000 on May the family as well as the principles with 1st). Yes, 69.1; no, 30.9. HON. W. C. (DAN) DANIEL which they were indoctrinated by their hon­ b. Some are urging the fixing of a pullout orable and resolute parents. date, followed by the removal of all our OF VmGINIA Judge Hooker's formal education was ac­ troops, and then trust the North Vietnamese IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES quired in the public schools of Patrick to promptly return our POW's. Should your Tuesday, June 6, 1972 County, at the College of William and Mary, government adopt such a policy? Yes,, 28.1; and Washington and Lee University Law no, 71.9. Mr. DANIEL of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, School. Upon completion of his law studies, 9. Are you in favor of granting amnesty to on Saturday, May 27, Hon. Henry Lester he returned to Stuart to practice his profes­ draftees who left the country to avoid induc­ Hooker, who recently retired from Vir­ sion of law. He became associated with his tion into the service? Yes, 18.3; no, 81.7. ginia's State Corporation Commission, elder brother, the late Honorable J. Murray 10. Do you favor legalizing the sale and use bis Hooker, who had already become successful of marijuana? Yes, 12.4; no, 87.6. was honored by lifelong friends and in the legal profession. The law firm of 11. Do you favor a constitutional amend­ professional associates on the occasion Hooker and Hooker became widely known, ment to permit the voluntary saying of of the presentation of his portrait to the not only in Patrick County, but throughout prayers and reading from the Bible in the Patrick County Circuit Court in Stuart. this entire area of Virginia. The association public schools? Yes, 87.2; no, 12.8. Va. With his brother was indeed a pleasant one 12. For farmers. Some erroneously blame Judge Hooker was born in Patrick and it continued until Judge Hooker was on the farmer every time retail food prices ad­ County 87 years ago, and throughout a November 4, 1924, elected by the people of vance without realizing that the farmer's long, productive career in public service, Virginia to become a member of the Cor­ share of the food dollar has actually declined poration Commission of this Commonwealth. from 49% in 1951 to 88% 1971. Should farm never lost his love for his place of birth, Although the professional relationship organizations and the Department of Agri­ nor allowed the ties which joined him with his brother ceased with this election, culture do more to make the general public to that place and its people to be sev­ the interest and natural aptitude they both aware of this 'fa.ct? Yes, 94.3; no, 5.7. ered. That his affection was returned is had for public affairs as well as the warmth attested by the ceremonies last month. of personal affections remained between My valued friend and predecessor in these two brothers for the remaining slxteen the Congress, the Honorable William M. years of the life of J. Murray Hooker. BAN ON FIREWORKS Tuck, delivered the principle address on In these brief remarks 1t is impracticable to enumerate all of the achievements and this occasion in his inimitable style. I honors which have come to this distinguished include his remarks in the RECORD for gentleman, but probably the most notable HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI two reasons: First, in order that the and certainly the happiest and most fortu­ OF ILLINOIS Members may review the record of Judge nate of these was when he won the hand IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Henry Lester Hooker, an outstanding and the heart of the charming and attrac­ Virginian and, second, so that the Gov­ tive Miss Nell Sanford, the daughter of the Tuesday, June 6, 1972 ernor's many friends in the House may late beloved Reverend and Mrs. Millard F111- Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, while know he retains today his uncommon and more Sanford. Throughout the happy years driving through northern Virginia the of their married life, she has stood ever by brilliant talent for a well-turned phrase: his side to sustain and support him. No other day, I noticed the roadside stands REMARKS BY WILLIAM M. TucK, SoUTH Bos­ doubt, she has contributed much to the en­ commencing the sale of :fireworks. I have TON, VA., AT THE PRESENTATION OF PORTRArr hancement of his usefulness as a public of­ long felt that the sale of fireworks should OF HON. HENRY LESTER HOOKER IN THE ficial. I may add also that H. Lester Hooker, be banned. Therefore, I was especially Cmcurr COURT ROOM OF PATRICK COUNTY, Jr., and Eleanor Hooker Boisseau, as well as pleased that one of the outstanding pub­ AT STUART, VA., ON SATURDAY, MAY 27, 1972 the seven Hooker grandchildren and the lications in my district, the Homewood­ Your Honor, please, Ladies and Gentlemen, four great-grandchildren, have likewise Flossmoor Star, saw fit to make the fol­ it is always a joy for me to visit Patrick brought happiness and contentment as well County. I could not if I would forget the as honor to the Hooker family fireside. lowing statement in their May 21 edition: many kindnesses bestowed upon me by your The Corporation Com.mission of Virginia BAN ON FIREWORKS omcials and citizens throughout the many was created by the Constitutional Conven­ With another Fourth of July holiday ap­ long years that I have been 1n public life. I tion of 1902 and was given almost plenary proaching, it 1s timely to take note of at­ cannot hope to live long enough to find time powers over the regulation of rates and ac­ tempts to obtain a naition-wide ban on all enough to do enough to demonstrate even tivities of rallroads and other public utm­ fireworks except those used for licensed pub­ 1n a small way my appreciation of the friend­ ties. lic displays. ship of the people of Patrick County. Since then many other duties have been The National Society for the Prevention of You have honored me again by inviting conferred upon this body by legislative en­ Blindness 1s in the vanguard among those me to take a part in the program on this actment and by tonstltutional changes so seeking to eliminate the annual threat to life auspicious occasion. that it has become the most powerful agency and 11m.b. But the society complains that its Since ttm.e immemorial it bas been the of our state government in Richmond, regu­ form.al request tor a publlc hearing on the custom to pay tribute to eminent citizens by lating and to some extent controlling nearly problem was denied by the Food and Drug those who revere and respect them and this every activity affecting the lives, the econ­ admlnlstra.tion, the federal agency respon­ 1s evidenced by the portraits, plaques, mon­ omy, the happiness and the weUare of our sible for fireworks control. uments, statues and memorials throughout citizens. Lester Hooker has served as a mem­ Only half of the states have laws 1n line this nation as well as the civlllzed world. ber of this body or as Chairman thereof for with the society's position. And, the NSPB Thus, it 1s not only appropriate but also a period of 48 years, more than twice as argues, "the laws of these states are more fitting and proper and 1n compliance with many years as the Commission's age at the June 6, 1.972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19871 time he became a. member of it. He has has been of the modest variety, but he has County and respected and appreciated served during the span of service of at least given unstintingly of his almost boundless throughout the entire State of Virginia. ten other members of the Commission. Thus, ta.lent, abllity and common sense. He was a. member of the Virginia. State he has been a. part of the growth and power­ The possession of these sterling virtues in Constitutional Convention of 1902 and also ful infiuence of this most important body a very high degree are largely responsible occupied with distinction the office of At­ and occupies a. position of distinction not for the esteem in which Judge Hooker is torney for the Commonwealth for Pa.trick surpassed by that of any other renowned held by the people of this Commonwealth County and later became a. member of the Virginian who served thereon, including one who a.re familiar with his work as a mem­ United States Congress from the Fifth Con­ who became a. Justice of the Supreme Court ber of the State Corporation Commission. gressional District of Virginia.. After his re­ of Virginia and two others who became The worth and merit and qualities of char­ tirement from Congress in 1925, he served Governors of the Commonwealth. acter with which Judge Hooker is endowed as Chairman of the Democratic Committee In addition to serving as Chairman of the would have enabled him to achieve success for the Commonwealth of Virginia until his Commission for many of the years he was and distinction in any line of human en­ untimely passing in 1940. I may add also a. member of it, he has served as President deavor to which he may have chosen to de­ that he was the father of the present dis­ of Southeastern Traffic Association, Presi­ vote his talents. tinguished gentleman who presides over this dent of the National Association of Regula­ He has honored Patrick County and the Court and who has discharged the duties of tory Utility Commissioners and Chairman for citizens of Virginia, and in this brief cere­ his office and otherwise conducted himself 25 yea.rs of its legislative committee, Virginia mony we undertake to pay appropriate trib­ in a manner so as to enhance the already member of the Washington-Metropolitan ute to him. highstanding of our Virginia. Judiciary. Area Transit Commission. Knowing Judge Hooker as I do, I am sure We need now more than ever men of the Although not related to his official duties that he is pleased to have the privilege of character of Judge Hooker and the others he has found time to serve as a. member of returning to his native hearth. He loves Pa.t­ to whom we have alluded. In this connection the Board of Visitors of his a.Ima mater, the rick County and her citizens with a zeal and without understaking to be dramatic, College of William and Mary, where he has unsurpassed by that of any other native. I close with these lines, "God, give us a man also served as President of its Society of the The majestic mountains and marvelous scen­ a time like this demands, strong minds, great Alumni. He is and has been for many years ery, as well as the alluvial fields a.long the hearts, true faith and ready hands, men a faithful and active member of the First banks of the streams which provide water whom the lust for office does not kill, men Baptist Church of Richmond where he be­ for this country, are prized and appreciated whom the spoils of office cannot buy, men longs to the Board of Deacons of that large and loved by him. It is natural and human who have opinions and a will, men who have religious organization. for one to love the place of his nativity and honor, men who will not lie, men who can He has wrought well in myriad and other it is particularly so when one is blessed to stand before demagogues and damn their useful activities outside of the high public be a native of such a picturesque County as treacherous flattery without flinching, tall station which he held. Patrick with the firm mountains and hills men, suncrowned, who live above the fog in The ancient and honorable College of Wil­ so indicative of the solidarity of its citizen­ public duty and in private thinking, for liam and Mary, proud of him as alumnus of ship. while the rabble with their thumb-worn that institution, bestowed upon him mem­ These thoughts and the love of home are creeds, their large professions and little bership in the Phi Beta. Kappa Honor Society alluded to by Sir Walter Scott in his Lay of deeds mingle in selfish strife, lo, freedom and conferred upon him the honorary de­ the La.st Minstrels when he said, .. Brathes weeps, wrong rules the land, and waiting gree of Doctor of Laws. there a man with soul so dead who never to justice sleeps." The Virginia State Bar in 1971 paid trib­ himself has said, this is my own, my native ute to him for his long tenure as a member land, whose heart hath n'er within him of the profession of law, and the Virginia. burned, as home his footsteps he has turned State Legislature at its recent Session, by from wandering in a foreign strand." the vote of every member of the House of The merit and worth of character of Judge THURMAN J. WILLIAMS OF WEST Delegates and Senate of Virginia, passed a Hooker entitles him to a place on the hon­ ORANGE, N.J ., GETS TITLE OF resolution commending him for the faithful ored walls of this Court room-a temple CERTIFIED MUNICIPAL CLERK services he has rendered to the people of erected for the administration of the pure Virginia. and unpolluted stream of public justice. I first met Judge Hooker in 1912 when Here all may come, irrespective of their rank he and Mrs. Hooker came to Chatham to or station 1n llfe--the high, the low, the rich HON. JOSEPH G. MINISH visit her brother, the late Dr. T. Ryland and; the poor-and lay down their troubles OF NEW JERSEY Sanford, who was then President of the before this Honorable Court and juries as­ Chatham Training School (now Hargrave sembled here from time to time in the con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Military Academy). As I reflect upon this, fident knowledge that 1f the facts and cir­ Tuesday, June 6, 1972 I realize how rapidly the sands have passed cumstances in regard to their problems are through the hourglass of time. properly related they will have justice meted Mr. MINISH. Mr. Speaker, among the Eight years later when I was a. student at out to them by clean hands and from minds unsung heroes and heroines of our Na­ the Washington and Lee Law School, I unclouded by prejudice or by passion, and tion are our municipal clerks whose roomed with his brother-in-law, the late R. eyes undimmed by emotion. f aithiul performance of ever more com­ Paul Sanford, and thus I became better He deserves a place on these walls with plex duties contributes so greatly to their acquainted with Lester Hooker. The ac­ that gallant, dashing, colorful Confederate fellow citizens' well-being. These valued quaintance formed eight years earlier ri­ Cavalryman, General J. E. B. Stuart, whose pened into a deep friendship which has en­ name and fame is unbounded and who will administrators in local government re­ dured since that time and which will con­ be known and respected as long as bra.very ceive too little notice or credit for their tinue, I am sure, as long as life lasts. is appreciated in the milltary annals of our meritorious service. Knowing him as I do, I am cognizant of history. He deserves a place a.long side also I am happy that Mr. Thurman J. Wil­ the fact that his record speaks in loud and the late Sena.tor A. M. Lybrook, one of the liams, the town clerk of my hometown divers tones and nothing that may be said Big Four who nearly a hundred years a.go of West Orange, N.J., has been a.warded on this occasion can add to or improve upon joined with three other Senators and the the title of certified municipal clerk by that record. We cannot gild or embellish then Lieutenant Governor of Virginia. in the International Institute .)f Municipal the lily. rejecting a leadership in Virginia. directed by Virginia has been greatly blessed in this a political tyrant and charlatan who in the Clerks. Certification signifies the clerk century by having men of character and dark days of Reconstruction gained com­ who sets high standards for knowledge, ability to serve her in high public positions. plete control of Virginia. through the forma­ skills, experience, and ethics. Judge Hooker's name will al ways rank in tion of a cabal composed of the worst ele­ Mr. Williams, who has served as town the forefront of those who have served dur­ ments of both races. Senator Lybrook and clerk since August 1, 1950, richly merits ing this period. his associates succeeded in overthrowing this this select title. He has the respect and In all the relations of life, and particular­ disdainful element and restored Virginia. and affection of all the people of West Orange ly in the administration of public affairs, her government to the people and honorable and of his professional colleagues. He is there is no substitute for honor, character, and worthy officials. intelligence, industry and devotion to duty. The memory of Senator Lybrook will live past president of the Essex County Mu­ Judge Hooker possesses in a preeminent de­ long. His portrait, like that of Judge Hook­ nicipal Clerks Association and served as gree these priceless virtues which are so er, hangs in one of the public buildings of member of the advisory committee of the highly cherished in our Commonwealth and the Capitol of this State. International Institute of Municipal which Virginia. has scrupulously required of And lastly, Judge Hooker's portrait shoUld Clerks from 1953 to 1959 and as trustees her public men. be on the walls of this court room with his of the international from 1957 to 1962. Judge Hooker's success is built more se­ late lamented brother, the Honorable J. Mur­ curely on the strong foundation of mora.l ray Hooker, than whom there was none I join all my fellow citizens of West character, integrity and thorough reliability. greater and who occupied a place of the Orange in extending warm felicitations He has shunned the limelight and has never warmest sort of personal affections in the to "Tiny" Williams for his distinguished sought to be a shining star. His approach heal'ts and minds of the people of Patrick career. 19872 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 6, 1972 NIXON'S KIEV TOAST-AN INSULT army and they belleved us and surrendered." ramp to shake hands with Alexander Ly­ TO HISTORY "What did you do then?" I asked. ashko, the president of the Ukrainian Re­ "Oh," said Voroshilov, "we shot all the men public. and boys and we put all the women and girls After a. brief arrival ceremony near three HON. JOHN R. RARICK into brothels for our army." tall fia.gsta.ffs with the colors of the United "Do you think that was a. very decent thing States, the Soviet Union and the Ukraine, OJ' LOUISIANA to do?" I asked. the presidential party boarded two black IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "My army needed women," said Voroshllov, limousines for a. motorcycle-escorted drive Tuesday, June 6, 1972 "and I was concerned with my army's health into the city. and not with the health of those women; and The President leaves from Kiev on Tues­ Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, President it didn't make any difference anyhow, be­ day for Tehran, Iran. After that he goes to Nixon's visit to Kiev, Russia, and his oa.use they were all dead within 3 months." Warsaw, Poland. toast "We should drink tonight to the Voroshilov no doubt deserves his position a.s heroes who fought in war and the heroes Chief of State of the Soviet Union, and is no doubt the most honorable and charming of who have rebuilt this city in peace" is Communists; but tha.t is exaotly how honor­ indicative of how much our leaders have able and charming he is. SENATOR HOWARD BAKER OF TEN­ conveniently forgotten of the past. The I hope that Americans who may become in­ NESSEE SERVES IN LEADERSHIP report written by U.S. Ambassador Wil­ clined to believe any promises now made by ROLE IN U.N. CONFERENCE ON THE liam C. Bullitt "A Talk With Voroshilov" the Communist leaders will remember the HUMAN ENVIRONMENT tells another story about Kiev, one of fate o:! the Czarist officers and their wives and barbaric cruelty on the part of the Bol­ sons and daughters in Kiev. HON. LAMAR BAKER shevik conquerors the President hailed The present Soviet objective is clear. Lt is to lull us into a. sleep o:! death while the OF TENNESSEE as heroes. Soviet Union achieves control of new areas IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESEN'l'ATIVES I include the testimony of Mr. Bullitt, without war, and preps.res sufficient hydrogen former U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet bombs and intercontinental jet bombers to Tuesday, June 6, 1972 Union-1933-36-taken from House Re­ destroy our retaliatory power by a. sneak at­ tack, so that some day it will be in a. posi­ Mr. BAKER. Mr. Speaker, the U.N. port No. 2189, 84th Congress, 2d session, Conference on the Human Environment "The Great Pretense: A Symposium on tion to blot us out with impunity. (End of Quote) opened in Stockholm yesterday. The Anti-Stalinism and the Twentieth Con­ whole world is watching these proceed­ gress of the Soviet Communist Party"­ [From the Baton Rouge (La..) Morning Ad­ ings because they will have a profound May 1956~pages 18-19: vocate, May 29, 1972] effect on the survival of planet Earth. THE GREAT PRETENSE Kll:v VISITED BY PRESIDENT In order for my colleagues to know The present attempt of the Moscow com­ Kn:v, U.S.S.R.-President Nixon saluted at exactly what is involved in the Confer­ misse.rs to masquerade as innocent victims a. lavish dinner Monday night "the heroes o:! ence, I am placing in the RECORD at this of Stalin's sadistic brutality should deceive the Ukraine in war and in peace,'' and said point a summary prepared by Senator no one. A hyena that laughs remains a hyena. he hoped his Kremlin summit talks would A wolf in sheep's clothing changes his coat HOWARD BAKER for Phoenix Quarterly, help prevent in the future the type o:! dev­ the publication of the Institute of Scrap but not his heart. Americans have been bam­ astation that leveled this city in World War boozled so often by this Communist tactic II. Iron and Steel. that few a.re likely to be impressed by the The President fiew to this ca.pita.I of the Senator Baker has served as Chairman present smiles and blea.tings of the Kremlin Ukraine after concluding a. week of talks of the Secretary of State's Advisory Com­ gang. Any who are inclined to believe that with Soviet officials. He files to Iran on Tues­ mittee for the U.N. Conference and over there has been a. change of heart in Moscow day, then arrives in the United States on should remember that the men who are now the past year he and the 27-member ad­ Thursday after an overnight stop in Poland. visory committee have solicited and an­ attempting to prove themselves amiable souls In a. toast at a dinner given by the Ukrain­ are the same men who carried out murders, alyzed the broadest range of views and ian government, Nixon said the third-largest in tortures, and mass starve.tions for Stalin. To city in the Soviet Union suffered "destruc­ has published them a report, "Stock­ me they seem more repellent now when they tion of human life on a.n unprecedented holm and Beyond," in preparation for the are professing that they were always horri­ sea.le" at the hands of the Nazis in World conference. fied by Stalin's lying and bloodthirsty bru­ Tennessee is proud of the leadership talLt y than they seemed when they were Warn. frankly gangsters. CITY REBUYLT role its senior Senator has taken to make Many of them were murderous criminals But, he said, the city was rebuilt in seven sure this vital conference deals effec­ on their own hook long before Stalin achieved yea.rs and the "Republic of the Ukraine con­ tively with the worldwide problems of supreme power. For example, Marshal Voro­ tinues to grow and prosper." environmental quality. The summary of shllov, who is today the Soviet Chief of "We should drink tonight to the heroes his work is carried in the Phoenix Quar­ State-the Soviet Union's Queen Elizabeth­ who !ought in war and the heroes who have terly article. I am pleased to bring it to has always been able to smile disarmingly and rebuilt this city in peace,'' he said. the attention of my colleagues. to pat children affectionately on the head, He referred also "to the new leadership to and is no doubt the nicest of the Communist which our two countries . • . may con­ U.N. CONFERENCE ON THE HUMAN lot. Just how nice he is seems to me worth tribute by which the world may have a. pe­ ENVIRONMENT relating at this time. riod in which the tragedy of war wm never (By Senator HOWARD H. BAKER, Ja.) One nigh,t in the winter of 1934 he was again be visited upon this city or any other On June 5, 1972 more than 130 nations wlll seated on my right at dinner and Marshal city like it in the world." meet in Stockholm to convene the United Budenny was on my left. They had drunk a After the dinner and toasts, Nixon and his Nations Conference on the Human Environ­ bit of vodka and both were relaxed and gay. wife listened to nearly a.n hour of concert ment. This is the largest conference ever con­ "You know, Bullitt,'' said Voroshilov, "Bu­ music in Ma.rllnsky palace, then returned to ducted by the United Nations and by far the denny is the man who won the civil war with­ a. state guest house. largest event ever hosted by the Swedish out ever knowing what he was fighting Nixon's departure from Moscow was de­ , Government. a.bout." layed a.bout 45 minutes by the change of However, its significance does not pertain "The..t's true,'' laughed Budenny. "My mot­ planes. solely to its size. The recognition by all na­ to has never been proletarians of the world President Nikolai V. Podgorny and Premier tions, no matter what their stage of develop­ unite; it has always been cavalrymen of the Alexei N. Koygin went a.boa.rd the Ilyushin ment or form of government, that we must world unite. I don't care why I fight so long 62 in Moscow after one of its :!our engines ultimately depend upon a common system as I have a. good war." :!a.lled to start. They apologized to the Presi­ :!or our survival is indeed the most significant We laughed, and Voroshllov then said, "I dent. aspect of this first international conference think the most extraordinary thing we ever Joining them was Boris Bugaev, the Soviet on the human environment. Never before has dld together was to capture Kiev without minister o:! civil aviation. this been as clear to man as it ts now and fighting." The delay in take off was a.bout 45 min­ recognition of this basic fact makes preserva­ "What happened?" I asked. utes. tion and protection of the human environ­ "Well," sa.id Voroshilov, "there were 11,000 The backup aircraft arrived in this capital ment much more than just a domestic matter Czarist officers with their wives and children of the Ukraine without trouble and taxied to be dealt with in a piecemeal fashion. in Kiev and they had more troops than we to the terminal where a. group o:! Soviet ofil­ This was profoundly impressed upon the had, and we never could have captured the cials and about 300 city employes with paper Swedes yea.rs ago when industrial gases from city by fighting, .so we used propaganda and flags waited to greet the President. British smokestacks fell on Stockholm in the we told them that they would be relee.sed and Nixon emerged from the jet with Mrs. now famous "acid rains." It was for that rea­ allowed to go to their homes with their fam­ Nixon a.t his side, pa.used :!or a look at the son and others that the Swedish delegation ilies and trea.ted as well as possible by our overcast skies and descended a red-carpeted to the United Nations introduced and ob- June 6, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19873 ta.ined passage of a resolution calling for a The Department of State and involved Robert Thompson as Bethlehem's Out­ United Nations Conference on the Human governmental agencies have copies of the standing Young Man of the Year. Environment. report and are considering its recommenda­ In our deliberations of today's critical Since that time, an immense amount of tions as they prepare official United States problems in America's urban neighbor­ work has been done to make the Stockholm po3itions for the Conference. The degree to hoods, Mr. Speaker, I believe all of us in Conference "action" oriented. A very small which the Advisory Committee's recom­ Congress will benefit from having read staff of experts headed by the very able mendations are incorporated into official Maurice Strong comprise the U.N. Conference U.S. positions ls yet to be :;een, but the sig­ a few of the series of editorials which Secretariat whose persistent efforts over the nificance of citizen input is clear and the have earned for John Strohmeyer and past two yea.rs have virtually ensured success entire Committee commends the Department the Bethlehem Globe-Times the coveted for the Stockholm Conference. of State for their efforts to involve the pub­ distinction of a Pulitzer Prize: Taking the proposals of a special 27-nation lic in the preparations for this historic DESTROYING THE PEACEMAKERS Preparatory Committee, the Conference Sec­ event. The Thanksgiving morning barroom fracas retariat has compiled and distributed specific and the mass arrest of 21 persons in the "action proposals" in six general areas for the near-riot constitute a matter of only the consideration of each government expected to PULITZER PRIZE gravest concern. attend. We now see the rising milttance of dis­ Those six areas are: affected youth on one hand and the resort 1. The Planning & Management of Human HON. FRED B. ROONEY to blunter measures by police on the other. Resource Management; OF PENNSYLVANll It ls bad enough that two already hostile 2. Environmental Aspects of Natural IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES camps harden some more but the tragic Resource Management; aspect is that police are losing the dis­ 3. The Identification and Control of Pol­ Monday, June 5, 1972 tinctions between the troublemakers and the lutants and Nuisances of Broad Interna­ peacemakers. tional Significance; Mr. ROONEY of Pennsylvania. Mr. 4. The Educational, Social and Cultural The humlliating arrest of Robert Thomp­ Speaker, recently the famed Pulitzer son, a respected youth adviser, for the rea­ Aspects of Environmental Issues: awards of excellence in joumalism­ sons stated ls a sad turn. An honors English 5. Development and the Environment; and the highest prize in American journal­ 6. Institutional Arrangements. teacher at Freedom High who spends nearly Preparation in this country for the Con­ ism-focused attention anew upon dis­ all of his spare hours working with youngsters ference has also been underway for approxi­ closure of the Pentagon papers relating at Nick's Mill, Thompson is one of few in mately two years. The Department of State as to the Vietnam war and the United the city who lives and feels the problems well as all concerned governmental agencies States' role in the Pakistani war. These of youth. He has been the one person with a finger in the dike while appealing within have been working together for more than a were journalistic endeavors of readily the established system for help in a de­ year now in an effort to involve top environ­ apparent national and international im­ teriorating situation. mental experts of the Federal Government. port; as a result, published accounts of It is a tribute to his dedication that In a similar effort to involve environ­ the Pulitzer awards focus chiefly oL those Thompson left his bed in the middle of the mentalists from outside the government, the prizes. night in an attempt to cool off the confron­ Secretary of State asked me to chair an Ad­ Another Pulitzer Prize this year rec­ tation developing in the area of the Ale visory Committee composed of 30 citizens House in the early hours of Thanksgiving representing a broad range of occupational ognized distinguished leadership and reasoned judgment in a journalistic ap­ morning. But as far as police are concerned, interests from all across the country . .1\1- he was part of the problem. They herded though the Advisory Committee was formed proach to yet another war-that of social him among 21 others into a paddy wagon for almost a year ago, it really didn't get off the ills and racial tensions-whose battles a night in jail and an arrest for unlawful ground until the United Nations Secretariat have been fought upon the streets of ur­ assembly, conspiracy and disorderly conduct. distributed the specific "action proposals" ban neighborhoods throughout this Na­ A ranking officer conceded that Thompson for the consideration of governments. tion. tried to mediate in the ruckus. When asked Having received those documents in early I am proud to extend my warm con­ why he was arrested, he replied, "Well, he March, the Advisory Committee conducted was there." a series of six public hearings in New York, gratulations to John Strohmeyer, editor of the Bethlehem, Pa., Globe-Times The actions of Patrolman John Stein, who Chicago, San Francisco, Denver, Houston, handed in his badge at the spot rather than and Washington, D.C. Although each hear­ newspaper, who received this year's prize participate in the arrests, is a far more vivid ing focused on one of the six subject areas. for excellence in his editorial approach repudiation of such police shotgun tactics testimony was heard on all Stockholm related to the actions, reactions, and emotions than any words of outrage. matters. spawned during "a year of crisis" in the It is not our intent to minimize the in­ More than 150 witnesses testified includ­ city of Bethlehem, as well as other sig­ cendiary matters in the air that night. ing Mr. George Kennan, former Secretary of nificant local, State, and national issues. Coming so soon after a robbery and stabbing State Dean Rusk, Dr. Margaret Mead, Dr. in another section of the South Side earlier Kenneth Boulding, Senators Cooper and The symptoms of this domestic crisis were typical-violence, bloodshed, polar­ in the night, the Ale House incident had Magnuson, and the renowned environmental all the signs of organized trouble. Yet, it saboteur "the Fox," just to- name a few. ization, civic hostility, and alleged over­ is fully as important for police not to over­ As a result of the more than 150 witnesses reaction by law enforcement officers. react as it is for them to capture the law­ who testified and the approximately 300 writ­ Bethlehem's crisis was sparked by the breakers. Instead of resorting to hard police ten views submitted to the Committee, a re­ fatal shooting of a young black girl and work to apprehend the real troublemakers port of recommended U.S. positions for the the wounding of a Puerto Rican youth and press the case against them to the hllt Conference was drafted and adopted by the outside a neighborhood youth center, and police simply made a sweep. ' Committee with some amendments. was fired by mass arrests of alleged "con­ The Thanksgiving morning incident is Some of the major Committee recom­ spirators" in a 1970 Ale House incident bound to set off new polarizations and cause mendations include creation of a strong, more side-choosing in the community at high-level environmental office with a United and a series of other confrontations large. Meanwhile, very little beyond words is Nations intergovernmental body which will which pitted community officials and po­ happening to get at the root of the prob­ be a subsidiary of the General Assembly. This lice against the city's youth and minority lem. office would be funded by a U.N. Voluntary groups. In a letter published elsewhere on this Fund for the Environment consisting of a Strohmeyer responded editorially in a page, Prof. :Victor Valenzuela of Lehigh Uni­ minimum annual budget of $50,000,000 to be manner which Globe-Times Publisher versity asks the crucial question: while fric­ derived from contributions of member states Donald Taylor described as forcing the tions grow between the increasingly sadistic based on a natural resources consumption community "to face the present and ar­ young and the increasingly irritated society, formula. Those countries which are under­ what is this city and its leaders doing to consumers of energy would pay a nominal range for a future so very different from analyze the problem and bring forth the amount, perhaps a minimum of $1,000. its past." The good which has resulted remedy? Strangely, this ls the same question In addition, the Committee recommended from Mr. Strohmeyer's editorial guid­ Robert Thompson asked two years ago, one consideration of the establishment of a gov­ ance is readily apparent today in the year ago, and as recently as last month. ernmental system to regulate consumption substantial shift of community reaction, of natural resources under international ju­ the calmed tensions, court dismissal of REMOVE STJ:GMA risdiction. This illustrates the Committee's conspiracy charges against a number of concern !or our finite resources and the need A councllmanic investigation of events cen­ for increased use of recycling. individuals, including a young teacher tering around the "brutality" incident of These are two of the many recommenda­ Strohmeyer had characterized through­ Sept. 25 at the Bethlehem School District tions included in the report that wlll be out as a "peacemaker" and "the one per­ Stadium and later ln police headquarters is published and available to the public by son with his finger in the dike," and the long overdue. Yet, the necessity for such May 1. selection in 1972 of that peacemaker, scrutiny should never have arisen. 19874 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 6, 197.~

Last week's revelations by ex-prutrolman Ex-officer St ein, who served on the force fault him on real thrust of charge. It is t hat John A. Stein must finally strip away a two and a. half years, might have found it in this age of vanishin g natural resources layering of contradictions and begrudging easier to step out silently and concent rate on the state should be raising the level of water admissions by police and city officials which his studies at Lehigh, where he is completing quality, not lowering it. have eaten into the very fabric of community his fourth year. However, the coverup of the No amount of industrial or economical de­ social relations in past months. role of high police officials in the station velopment is worth degrading this fine public As an early reaction, certain officials have house beatings and the growing needless stream. Every effort should be made now to objected to this "new light" without an ade­ alienations between police and youth com­ draw the line against further intrusion by quate advance warning and time to prepare pelled him to state his views and risk the man. In fact, hearings held earlier this year further explanations. scorn of many of his former colleagues. indicated that the Monocacy has the poten­ The fa.ct is that nothing has been revealed Only Councilmen William J. P. Collins and tial to be upgraded into a fine cold water which has not been common knowledge With­ Walter Dea.ltrey seemed to understand the fishing stream capable of holding over and in the police and administration circles for issues raised by Stein's account: 1. How could breeding fish. months. But the police reports of what tran­ a departmental hearing which recommended How then, does the State Health Depart­ spired inside the station on the night of a verbal reprimand really deal With the mat­ ment reconcile its tacit approval for lower Sept. 25, when five young defendants were ter when, as it now develops, Pulblic Safety standards simply to help an industry accom­ roughed up, have not been ma.de pa.rt of the Director Irvin Good was seen swinging at one modate scrubbers that have failed to meet public record to this day. Meanwhile, neither of the youths corralled in the police station clean stream criteria? How, in fact does it the mayor nor council saw fit to explain the on the night of Sept. 25. Was Good identified explain the long history of enforcement stunning contra.diction in which the top as a participant, and, if so, was he supposed negligence which has permitted lagoons of a police tried to cover up the incidents by to reprimand himself? 2. There have been paint and pigment plant further down stating they knew nothing of the beatings many police arrests but few cases ever get to stream to ooze into another choice fishing one day and then meekly accepting the find­ the prosecution stage: Why? As Coun cilman stretch of the Monocacy?" Does the State ings of the Human Relations Commission the Collins asked, "I would like to know whether Health Department exist as a partner of in­ next day by admitting certain incidents had r...ny of these alleged criminals have been dustry or a protector of the publlc? occurred and that verbal reprimand had been given a license to commit crime." Governor Sha.pp made much in his cam­ issued. Council's blindness to these concerns was paign about getting tough on pollution en­ Now with former officer Stein's eye-Witness best expressed in the long harangue delivered forcement. The sad abuse of the Monocacy account of what happened that night, more by Councilman Ray Dietz who attempted to deserves to be called to his attention. Every­ scurrying for cover is a.gain evident. impugn the motives of John Stein, the Globe­ one who has ever fed a duck on any of its John A. Stein ca.me to Bethlehem a. "new Times, and apparently anyone else who would calm pools, caught a trout in its swift waters, model" policeman-intelligent, educated, dare to question the operations of the Bethle­ or thrilled at the sight of a migrating war­ idealistic and yet practical enough to par­ hem police force. It never occurred to him bler on its shaded banks should recognize a ticipate in the department's own reorganiza­ that the motivations might have been public personal mission to save the Monocacy. tion. His gradual dislllusionment and even­ interest. Instead of recognizing his own pub­ Don't let them degrade it. Write the gov­ tual solitary stand for what can only be lic duty to clear the stigma, he chose to pour ernor. Write Dr. Maurice Goddard (Depart­ considered minimal standards of investiga­ on platitudes about his pride in the police ment of Environmental Resources, Harris­ tion and discipline point a sorry finger at force. In the words of Mark Twain, Council­ burg), and write City Council. It is the only police moral leadership. man Dietz showed only he would rather lbe way left to head off this sellout by the State Any organization under constant public popular than right. Health Department. criticism cannot be expected to operate ef­ A more proper way to "stand behind our fectively and, sadly, the nation's police have police" is to ensure a responsible administra­ A PULITZER PRIZE borne much of the brunt in recent battles for tion, to correct those abuses of police proce­ social change. dure which are letting so many arrest cases A Pulitzer prize is American journalism's Bethlehem, too, has changed much in re­ slip away, and to set standards for the vast highest honor. It is humbling to discover that cent years and police here have been shocked majority of city policemen who want to do the Bethlehem Globe-Times and its editor and dismayed to suddenly find themselves the their duty above reproach. join the long list of illustrious names who objects of scorn. But just ll8 much of this By voting not to clear the air, City Council have been honored since the prizes were universal disrespect is unconscionable, the indicated that it either doubts its own ability started by Columbia. University in the famed violent enforcement of seemingly more proper to muster "a calm and serious approach" to publisher's name 56 years ago. attitudes is dangerously retroactive. the truth, or it is so certain of the outcome of The Globe-Times won the award on the Besides crea. ting Bethlehem's credibllity an investigation that it fears the revelations. basis of 10 editorials, five of which dealt gap, a head in the so.nd attitude by the With racial tensions that began to polarize Bethlehem police has permitted abrasions to ON ECOLOGY; SELLING OUT THE MONOCACY the city in an all too familiar pattern. The grow into a. full-scale alienation of many unhappy events a.t the Protection Firehouse The Monocacy Creek is one of those youth center, the Ale House ma.lee, the police young people. It would have taken little dwindling natural resources that provides time and training to recognize that certain beatings, and the arrest of Youth Worker fun and fishing and breeds wildlife and vege­ Robert Thompson are history. The fact that police responses heighten the problem in­ tation in a rapidly growing urban area. This stead of lessening it. Frovocations to re­ they occurred and the fact that we wrote week, city council has been told that the editorials deploring the change in the mood tributive violence by juveniles yelling ob­ state health department is about ready to scenities ls immature and hardly meets pro­ of the city are not nearly a.s important as clear the way for industrial firms to dump Bethlehem's response to them. Injustices fessional police standards. into the stream wastes that are potentially Acknowledgment that these standards were were recognized. Changes in outlooks oc­ dangerous. In short, the state is on the verge curred in many places, not the least of which not met th.at night of Sept. 25 might early of lowering the quality of water standards for have cooled tensions and mistrust which were in the police department. Instead of the Monocacy. condoning actions which might invite con­ finally culminated in the senseless events of This straightforward indictment of Penn­ Thanksgiving morning. frontation, police now hold classes on minor­ sylvania's concept of protecting the en­ ity problems and staff a program in which The new decade has commenced on a vironment was made not by any of the many hopeful note. Council's budget, with the policemen work full time in community rela­ oeonservation groups which occasionally cry tions to head off problems. Meanwhile, the mayor's provision for professional youth IQUt about beer cans and litter. It was a workers and staffing of youth centers, points city administration, school district, the documented charge launched by an individ­ churches, and the United Fund have devel­ a community commitment to a. cooperative ual, an Allentonian at that, who has enjoyed directiQIIl. oped their own ways to help alienated youth the many recreational treasures of days spent and assist in the transition of different cul­ Yet, the taint of the old Will remain until on the banks of the Monocacy. Harry Forker the clouds lift from the contra.dictions that tures. Finally, in picking Robert Thompson is heartsick that the Monocacy is about to be the "Outstanding Young Man of the Year" characterize the police actions following the degraded and that the state is the villain in night of Sept. 25. Only when all the facts for 1971. Bethlehem itself made amends to a. the rape of this stream. young peacemaker who suffered the indig­ are laid out and we get down to the real So far, the state health department has stock ta.king can we remove this stigma nity of arrest as a troublemaker only a few not denied that it has approved, though not months before. As one of the editorials in which hobbles honest police work and stifles yet issued, a permit to let the National Port- the climate of goodwlll. the Pulitzer exhibit commented: "It was a. land Cement Co., north of Bethlehem dis­ hard lesson. Bethlehem is a wiser and more charge wastes into a prime fishing stretch of sensitive city. And it has managed to preserve WHITEWASH the Monocacy with an oxygen content low­ the loyalties of the Bob Thompson despite The vot e of confiden ce passed by City ered to six parts per million. Forker contends ample cause for distress ..." Council to reaffirm its faith in the Bethlehem that this level is too low for marine and It is not often that a Pulitzer Prize comes Police force is about as meaningless as a vote plant life to survive as natural trout food. to a smaller newspaper. We are grateful to for motherhood. It was an obvious attempt to While both the cement plant and the state the Puliltzer Advisory Board and Columbia apply a. coat of whitewash on important is­ might put forth a. biologist to debate Fork­ trustees for recognizing that bigness is not sues raised by the concerns of former police­ er's contention on the level of oxygen neces­ essential in working in the Pulitzer tradi­ man John Stein. sary for marine life survival, no one can tion. And we are particularly grateful to June 6, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19875 this city because its enlightened response in cock, Md., for the celebration of Lon­ Consider, for example, Title VII, section those troubled months was such an impor­ dontown's 10th anniversary in Hancock. 709. This would authorize the Department of tant element in the prize that will enshrine Construction on the plant began in Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) to the Bethlehem Globe-Times in journalism make grants to local school boards to finance history. January 1962, and the plant opened in cross-busing integration plans throughout a April 1962. Originally the plant planned Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area LESSENING THE INEQUITY to employ a maximum of 200; however, (SMSA). Grouped in this region's SMSA a.re by late 1964 employment had reached ap­ Richmond and the counties of Chesterfield, At the close of Wesley United Methodist Hanover, and Henrico. This measure would Church's six-part panel discussion, "The proximately 300 and today 450 individ­ uals work within the Hancock London­ require that, under a. federal grant, each Street Scene: Youth in Bethlehem," Dr. school throughout the SMSA would have to Charles Chaffee, retired Bethlehem Area town plant. The Hancock plant was the have a percent of minority-group children at School District superintendent, expressed first Londontown plant built outside least half that of the SMSA-wide percentage reservations concerning the recommenda­ Baltimore. The third plant was also of minority children. In plain language: chU­ tions drawn up by the 19 panelists who par­ located in Washington County in Boons­ dren would have to be swapped and shuttled ticipated in the programs. The response he boro. throughout the region to fill out racial quota received showed that others she.red his be­ sheets. The racial goal would have to be met liefs. The anniversary celebration included a luncheon at Weaver's restaurant fol­ by "a date certain" but "in no event later Among other suggestions, Dr. Chaffee than July 1, 1983" (just in time to celebraite urged "caution" when referring to proposals lowed by a presentation of awards to em­ the drawing of George Orwell's 1984). calling for the establishment of an area le­ ployees at the plant. It was an impressive On first reading, this provision might seem gal defense fund, and the support of the celebration. In the past 10 years Lon­ to leave everything to local option. No grant newly-founded Lehigh Valley Bail Fund, Inc. dontown has contributed much to the for metropolitan busing can be ma.de unless He asked if anyone believed that a magis­ local community and has helped reduce "two-thirds or more of the local educational trate will hold a person over for court, and agencies" have approved the application, .and if the courts would take action against that unemployment in the area. I commend those who helped bring Londontown to the pupil enrollment of the approving local­ person, unless sufficient evidence suggests ities must constitute at least two-thirds of that the party in question committed a Hancock and those who have made the the SMSA-wide enrollment. But, read it crime. past 10 years so successful. One point Dr. Chaffee apparently over­ a.gain, and think. What about the will of the looked is that the basic assumption under­ local electorate? This bill leaves the momen­ lying our legal system states a man is inno­ tous decision of busing a.cross political cent until proven guilty. Neither arrest nor boundaries entirely to local school boards, arraignment establishes guilt or innocence, A DECEPTIVE BILL which, in Virginia., a.re not elected by the only the trial itself. Thus, until a. verdict public. The blessings of city councils and is pronounced, we are dealing with an inno­ boards of superviors, which are accountable HON. DAVID E. SATTERFIELD III to popular will, a.re not sought or required. cent man. The Richmond School Board's insistence on That innocent man is guaranteed the right OF VIRGINIA suing for school consolidation here, despite to proper legal defense, and does not have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to spend the time pending his trial in jail the opposition (at the time) of a City Coun­ if he can meet the financial requirements Tuesday, June 6, 1972 cil majority, should be reminder enough that of bail." school boards can sometimes place them­ For many citizens in this immediate area Mr. SATl'ERFIELD. Mr. Speaker, the selves above the people. and the country as a whole, however, both conference report on higher education And it is even possible that some zealous bail and proper legal defense are luxuries. scheduled for House action this week HEW chieftain could order local school Whether the barriers be economic or edu­ contains provisions which should be of boards to draw up a metro busing scheme. cational these people are denied the rights deep concern to every Member. For all For Sec. 708(a.) (2) authorizes HEW to make of due process of law. Because of inability grants to local schools "for the purpose of intent and purpose, the anti-busing pro­ conducting special programs and projects to finance bail, they are forced to sit in jail visions approved by the House have been or prison, having been convicted of no crime, carrying out activities otherwise authorized while others accused of the same or even rendered ineffectual by alterations in by this title, which the Assistant Secretary worse crimes are able to pay bail and go · their language. Furthermore title VII will (of HEW) determines will make substantial free. The difference is in the pocketbook. for the first time provide legislative ap­ progress toward achieving the purposes of The same is true for legal defense. For proval to merger and consolidation of this title." One of the stated purposes of many, retaining a private attorney, no mat­ separate and distinct school districts and Title VII is to overcome minority-group "iso­ lation." And how does the title define a de­ ter what the caliber, is totally unfeasible. provide grants to the school boards in­ They a.re forced to turn to the over-worked, sired "integrated school"? See Sec. 720(6), to understaffed-and often inefficient--publlc volved to finance cross busing integration wit: ". . . (one) in which the proportion of defenders office. Again, another person ac­ plans. minority group children is at lea.st 50 per cused of a similar or worse crime but with The Richmond Times Dispatch has centum of the proportion of minority group more economic resources available is able to published two editorials dealing with this children enrolled in all schools of the . . . retain a more effective attorney and perhaps report which I include herein and which Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. ..." win a more favorable verdict. I recommend to my colleagues for their So if the purpose of the title is to promote busing on a. SMSA-wide basis to achieve a To balance the inequities, concerned citi­ consideration: zens in both Bethlehem and the nation are magic percentage, couldn't an ideologica.lly­ forming ball funds and legal defense funds. A DECEPTIVE Bn.L committed HEW bureaucrat, convinced of his These nonprofit organizations a.re estab­ Members of the U.S. Congress who vote for self-importance, deduce that it was his patri­ lished behind the promise of equal justice the $21.3 billion higher education bill because otic duty to give local school boards a little for all. They provide bail and assist in ob­ they think the riders attached to the legisla­ shove by, say, threatening to terminate their taining creditable defense for those unable tion will help halt forced busing may be in federal funds or hauling them into court? to afford these items themselves. Without for a rude awakening. Does God grow little green apples, and does such groups, the noble ideal "equal justice The senate approved the bill 63 to 15 last it snow in Indiana.polis in the wintertime? for all" remains the biting reality of "jus­ Wednesday, with many conservatives and This bill is, simply, a problem-creator mas­ tice for the wealthy and pot-luck for the moderates who oppose busing voting with querading as a problem-solver. It calls for poor." the majority and some liberals who favor a stay of federal district court busing orders busing voting with the minority. The legisla­ until all appeals have been exhausted, but tion is reputedly designed to place Congress it is doubtful that judges will choose to let LONDONTOWN IN HANCOCK CELE­ in opposition to compulsory busing, and the that Congressional expression infringe upon BRATES lOTH ANNIVERSARY big bold headings of the bill do give you that their independence of action. It prohibits impression: "Prohibition Against Assignment federal agencies from ordering local officials or Transportation of Students to Overcome to spend local money for forced busing but Racial Imbalance." "Prohibition Against Use it adds the qualifier "unless constitutionally HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON of Appropriated Funds For Busing," Etc. required" (a loophole big enough to drive the OF MARYLAND But before purchaaing an insurance pol­ entire HEW bureaucracy, Justice Department, IN THE HOUSE OF' REPRESENTATIVES icy, a wise consumer reads the fine print, and federal judiciary through) . and before buying this legislative piece of Furthermore, as we noted in a May 22 edi­ Tuesday, June 6, 1972 goods, the house of Representatives should do torial ("Students on Welfare"), it is tragic its homework, too. Third District Rep. David that Congress has let the most revolutionary Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, last Friday E. Satterfield, ID, has given the bill, as it extension of federal control over higher edu­ it was my pleasure to join Jon Myers, emerged from a House-Senate conference cation slip through thus far practically un­ president of Londontown Manufactur­ committee rewriting, a thorough reading, and contested amid the busing battle. This ma.m.­ ing Co., Sid Salitsky, plant manager, and he ls alarmed by the implications of several moth bill would make it a "right" o! every the employees of Londontown in Han- sections. So are we. student in the United States to receive a cxvrn--1253-Part 15 19876 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 6, 1972 federal handout of $1,400 a year to attend student-welfare recipients, this provision ob­ [From the New York Times, June 5, 1972) college, reduced only by the amount the U.S. viously would have the real effect of induc­ THE IMPERFECT CIRCLE ing even greater reliance by colleges on the Commissioner of Education, in his infinite (By Anthony Lewis) wisdom, might decide an individual family central government than now exists. The es­ could afford to pay. It would give direct timated cost of the "allowances" would be LoNDoN, June 4.-The success of the Mos­ grants from the federal treasury to colleges, $674 million in fiscal 1973, $694 million in cow summit is a particular triumph for both private and public, on the highly dubi­ fiscal 1974, and $716 million in fiscal 1975. Henry Kissinger's world view. He has argued ous criterion of the number of federally-as­ The overall higher education tab for the that great powers can balance their mutual sisted students the colleges enroll. It would next three years is a staggering $18.5 bil­ interests on a planetary scale, transcend­ create new dollar-gobbling educationist lion. It should be noted that this figure rep­ ing local or ideological c'.ifferences. In Mos­ bureaucracies dedicated to promoting the resents "authorizations," and actual "ap­ cow, as in Peking, President Nixon boldly fol­ idea that everyone should get a college de­ propriations" a.re often far less. Even so, the lowed that approach. gree, no matter how little the country needs principle would be established by which bil­ The question that remains is how the the extra degree-holders or the degree-seek­ lions of tax dollars could be dumped down global vision can solve the little local diffi­ ers need (or merit) the degrees. a hole nearly as deep as the public welfare culty of Vietnam. Mr. Kissinger would doubt­ This bill purports to be for higher educa­ program. less acc~pt that it is not begrudging the tion and against busing, but it could very Student financial aid, whether from pri­ triumph of Moscow for those concerned well destroy the present system of decen­ vate loan and scholarship sources, or from about Vietnam to ask. tralized higher education and spread the can­ carefully designed public programs, is im­ In the Kissinger view, American policy­ cer of forced busing to awful new extremes. portant. But Congress would be wrong to Presidential policy--should be a circle in We urge members of the Virginia Congres­ promote the idea that everyone ought to go which all elements flt together. Bangladesh, sional Delegation to vote against it. to college at enormous expense to the tax­ the Middle East: Everything must be related payer. It has apparently listened too much to the effort to create a structure of great STUDENTS ON WELFARE to the groups of educationist lobbyists, which power accommodation. In those terms Viet­ Congress is going about some good work in now number in the hundreds, and not nam is an annoyance. It is "one small coun­ a bad way. It is trying to address the forced enough to the plaints of the average tax­ try," as Mr. Kissinger recently called North busing problem in elementary and secondary payer. The fact is, the nation's colleges al­ Vietnam in evident frustration, that will schools by attaching a mish-mash of contra­ ready have too many students who have no not fit the pattern. It is a bump on an business being there. As the Scranton Com­ otherwise perfect circle. dictory riders to the $18.5 billion aid-to­ mission on Student Unrest noted, many stu­ higher education bill. American policy is to squeeze that bump, By submitting the proposed Equal Educa­ dents are enrolled simply for the sake of be­ to make it cond'orm. The evident fear is that tional Opportunities and Student Transpor­ ing enrolled and not for the sake of educa­ to compromise our political objectives in tion. "The presence of such unwilling stu­ South Vietnam in any mea.ningful way would tation Moratorium Acts to Congress, Presi­ dents at the university seriously undermines dent Nixon has offered a reason.al approach weaken our power and credibility every­ its morale, for understandably they demand where: would threaten the entire circle. t.o the busing problem. But while the ad­ kinds of experience and instruction that uni­ ministration's bllls languish in committee, That is the theory underlying the tremen­ Congress continues to play the game of mak­ versities are ill equipped to provide," the dous increase in American firepower applied commission said. to Vietnam in the last two months: The in­ ing law by rider. This is not to suggest the Furthermore, as any liberal arts graduate President's program is perfect; indeed, Con­ tensified bombing of the North, the new who is now pumping gas or scrubbing floors shelling from ships offshore, the approval of gress may be able to improve upon it. But can attest, the value of a college degree has dealing with busing as an issue separate from new strategic targets, the mining of harbors. been vastly oversold. The employment mar­ And the prospect is for more escalation: collegiate education is definitely a wiser ap­ ket simply cannot absorb the hordes of "gen­ proach than the present mess. more B-52's, more ships, a new ak base in eralists" being produced by colleges, and, ln Thailand. Largely because of the busing snafu, not many cases, technically-trained high school nearly enough public debate has been given One who has just been in North Vietnam graduates are getting the best jobs. would never underestimate the destructive to the merits of the higher education bill it­ President Nixon submitted a far more real­ self. Undoubtedly this measure is, as Capi­ force of those bombs and shells. American istic proposal which would have relied more bombing has clearly wounded the transpor­ tol Hlll liberals have boasted, the most on private money markets than the federal "sweeping" entry Of the federal government tation system and made life more difficult. It dole for student aid, but as is their wont, has also destroyed many civilian facllities­ into higher education ever. But is it some­ liberal Democrats ma.de the sky the limit. thing for which the American people really schools and homes and hospitals--a.nd taken The President, however, has demonstrated ma.ny lives. want to pay? Does the public know what's the courage to veto infiated education bills involved? Does the nation want to move to­ The ut111taria.n question ls whether the before, and he ought to give this one the destruction will work politically: Wlll it make ward universal higher education, paid for same treatment, even if it means killing the from the public tlll? the North Vietnamese negotiate on American anti-busing riders, which seem at this point terms in Paris, as Mr. Kissinger has long This gigantic measure would establish "as to be virtually meaningless anyway. Busing hoped? a primary tenet of federal policy that every then ought to be considered separately and When I tried to explore that question in quallfted and needy student had a right to Congress ought to try to draw a higher edu­ Hanoi, several persons referred to the testa­ federal aid in meeting the expenses of a post­ cation bill that won't bankrupt the nation. secondary education," according to Congres­ ment of Ho Chi Minh, written a few months sional Quarterly. before his death in 1969. It includes a two­ College students, in effect, would become line verse: the newest federal welfare clients, complete Our mountains will always be, our rivers will with guaranteed annual income from Wash­ MOSCOW SUMMIT MEETING always be, our people will always be; ington. For the blll provides that any student The American invaders defeated, we will re­ accepted by or enrolled in an accredited col­ build our land ten times more beauti­ lege would be entitled to receive a grant of HON. DON EDWARDS ful. $1,400 minus the amount his family could OF CALIFORNIA "reason.ably be expected" to contribute to The implication is that the North Viet­ education expenses. And who would decide IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES namese will accept total destruction of the what a family could reasonably be expected Tuesday, June 6, 1972 works of man in their country i! that is the to contribute? Why, the U.S. Commissioner price of the wa.r. It is a difficult thought to of Eduoation, who else? Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. believe in its fanaticism, but there it is. This is, remember, an outright grant, a Speaker, I was immensely pleased with If in fact the present level of American air handout, not a loan the student would have the encouraging results of the recent and naval activity does not make them come to terms, what follows? In Hanoi, many for­ to repay or a work-study stipend he would Moscow summit meeting. The cause of have to earn. The cost of these grants has eigners thought the logic of American policy peace has been moved measurably for­ was to go on up the path of escalation. been estimated at $940 million in fiscal 1973. ward by this historic meeting. However, $995 million in fiscal 1974, and $1.05 billion hoping that each step would at last bring in flsce.l 1975. This largesse would be in acld1- many of us here were bitterly disap­ political results. Some thought the next logi­ tion to the on-going billion to the on-going pointed that a resolution of the war in cal step would be the destruction of Hanoi. federal student aid programs-work-study Southeast Asia was not produced by the There is no real sign now of any internal payment, direct loans, and the 11.ke--which summit. None can deny the break­ check to such a policy. Protest in America is cost $1.07 billion in fiscal year 1972. throughs that were made at the meeting, at a low level. People are weary, without hope. The colleges themselves would be encour­ Congress is ineffectual. Few seem to care how but our concern over the continuing de­ many Vietnamese are killed in order to make aged to lap the federal gravy. For every stu­ struction of Indochina has not been al­ dent it enrolled who received a federal hand­ the circle perfect. out, the college would be entitled to a "cost­ leviated. An article which appeared in But history will care. If American bombers of-instruction allowance" from the federal the New York Times explores this situa· turn Hanoi into rubble, as they can, Ameri­ government. Ostensibly designed to help the tion thoughtfully and I commend it to cans will be the victims as well; their chil­ colleges bear the burden of educating the the attention of my colleagues: dren will have to live with it. And that sug- June 6, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19877 gests that the whole Kissinger vision may be the social stigma which surrounds the there needs to be increased training of wrong: Vietnam is not a bump on an other­ whole subject. It has resulted from a the dermatologist, the internist, the ob­ wise perfect circle. It is the issue on which grossly inadequate amount of research. stetrician, the pediatrician, the neurolo­ the United States will be judged, by the world and by itsel!. No doubt this failure to support research gists, the family physician, and public To apply some force to preserve an indige­ in part stemmed from the assumption health officer since all of these have im­ nous independence in South Vietnam would that the problem was solved and, again, portant roles to play, both in the case be one thing. To use staggering destructive from the fact that most of our talented management and in the control of the power for the sake of preserving Nguyen Van research people would rather work on different manifestations of venereal dis­ Thieu in office is another. As Andre Fontaine projects which are much more socially ease. said recently in Le Monde, it is an obsession, acceptable than is research on venereal When we look at the facts of the case, the self-destroying pursuit of a white whale. In all this Henry Kissinger has a particular disease problems. Among the urgent we can only admit that as a nation we responsibility. Not only because of his posi­ needs for research, might be included have been grossly negligent in facing up tion-the power remains the President's-but the need for a better method of early to this most serious of public health because of his life and ideas. detection and identification of the so­ problems. In our Federal health pro­ He saw for himsel! the terrible results of called silent cases. grams, we have put insufficient funds an ideology of force. He taught hundreds of Some of the problems have been com­ and insufficient effort into education, students the necessity for analysis, for de­ pounded by the f allure of physicians to research and control procedures. Unless tachment, in weighing values and making po­ report new cases which come to their at­ we work more rapidly to correct the sit­ litical choices. To forget all that now, to pro­ vide the intellectual rationale for the obses­ tention. Since four out of five cases of uation, we will inevitably be faced with sive pursuit of an abstraction, would indeed venereal disease are seen by private phy­ problems of taking care of the results be la trahison des pr;o/esseurs. Henry Kissin­ sicians, this failure of the physician to of these diseases which include insan­ ger must know better. make a report, and it does require paper­ ity, paralysis, congenital malformation, work, results in no steps being taken to arthritis, blindness and a general dis­ identify contacts and, therefore, treat­ ability which can only increase the wel­ ment of exposed individuals who may be fare and social security costs to the VD PROBLEM IN NATION, QUESTION infected. Another of the contributing Nation. While the economic costs are OF OUR PRIORITIES aspects has been the failure to imple­ bound to be great, the humane costs are, ment known control measures. Even of course, inestimable. HON. DON FUQUA with these facts before us it is discour­ It is inevitable that we ask the ques­ aging to note that authorized funds tion of why this rapid increase in vene­ OF .FLORIDA have not been appropriated, and ap­ real disease, and it is easy to point the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES propriated funds have not been utilized. finger at the new permissiveness in our Tuesday, June 6, 1972 The trained investigators interested in society, the changing attitudes and the Mr. FUQUA. Mr. Speaker, the social working on venereal disease problems are use of contraceptive procedures such as stigma surrounding the subject of vene­ too few to effectively use what funds are "the pill." However, it seems also rea­ real disease has been such that at all available. Obviously, training programs sonable to point to the almost complete levels of government and society we have are needed. failure to provide education in our public refused to think about it hoping that the Actually, in the progress report, which schools and for the public at large. problem would go away. As is so often was mentioned before, it was noted that We need to develop new techniques of the case with neglected problems, we there have been increasing numbers of health education in order to reach teen­ are presently faced with a national situ­ outbreaks of gonococcal opthalmia neo­ agers and young adults who are now the ation in which, next to the common cold, natoram when institutions have relaxed sources of about one-half of the reported venereal disease is the most common the routine application of prophylactic venereal disease cases. There has been a affliction of our population. Of all the drugs to the eyes of newborn infants. tendency for the older generation to talk When one looks at the problem of vene­ down to their children on the subject, reportable communicable diseases. vene­ forgetting it was their own generation, real disease exceeds the combined total real disease as a health problem in the United States, one must realize that our during and following World War II, that of all other reportable diseases. was responsible for a higher syphilis rate The statistics themselves are appal­ order of priority in the expenditure of control and research funds is complete­ than is existent today. ling. In a joint statement prepared by The present increase in venereal dis­ the American Social Health Association ly out of balance. Actually, more money is spent on leprosy with about 119 cases ease is worldwide and highest in those and cosponsored by the American Public areas of civil unrest, social change, and Health Association and the American in the United States than on all venereal disease with 2 % million cases. Because population mobility. The causes are com­ Venereal Diseases Association, it was plex and numerous. noted that the number of reported cases of the long neglect of research, the prob­ of gonorrhea increased 16 percent in lems are tremendous and the trained in­ One may well ask where we stand 1970. Over 2 million cases were treated vestigators are very few. today in the United States. If there was Dr. Milton Puziss, who is Director of an outbreak of diphtheria or smallpox and this, of course, does not include th~ of the order or magnitude of venereal tremendous number of unreported cases Extramural Research at NIAID, has noted that our information on how disease, we would expect immediate re­ and the large unknown reservoir of silent sponse and rapid action by the public, infection, which is common in females. It syphilis spreads within the body is a fiat zero. We do not even know how to grow by Government and by the medical pro­ is estimated that as many as 1 in 20 of fession. However, because of the social the sexually active females is suffering the syphilis organism in artificial media. We do know that the epidemiological stigma which surrounds the venereal from gonorrhea. diseases the lag period between concern It is estimated that this year there will and clinical pictures of syphilis and gon­ orrhea are changing. These diseases and action is very much longer. The pub­ be 2 % million cases of gonorrhea and lic simply has not realized the full signif­ over 100,000 cases of syphilis. which have been around for a very long time are adapting to changed treatment icance of the present epidemic propor­ Over 10 years ago the very successful tions of venereal disease. Consequently, treatment of venereal disease with peni­ programs. It is now taking a great more cillin had led to a significant reduction penicillin to cure these diseases than was there has been little effort to force Gov­ in the number of active cases of venereal required when first this treatment pro­ ernment and professional action by large disease and to a feeling of security on the cedure was introduced. In other words numbers of citizens. part of public health personnel and the the strains of the organism are becom~ The rates of infection will only be public which was entirely unjustified. ing penicillin resistant. There is no sat­ brought under control by regular, well Now we are faced with a pandemic of isfactory vaccine against these orga­ planned, coordinated action. Because of extraordinarily large proportions, and nisms. We are in need of trained in­ the very wide extent and extreme seri­ the immediate question is why should vestigators and, therefore, training pro- ousness of the problem, Federal leader­ this have happened. grams.to develop skills in the area. There ship, including appropriations for re­ Some of the contributing aspects have needs to be developed a clinical special­ search and grants, will be very necessary been inadequate education, stemming in ity of venereology in this country such but State, local, and private efforts will part from ignorance and in part from as is practiced in other countries. And have to be made on a much larger scale. 19878 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 6, 1972 Above all, the medical profession will In Henry Kissinger's office, as in others ysiS at the OMB isn't all that far from have to recognize its responsibility and throughout the White House, staff members chemical engineering at Notre Dame. work after most government personnel have After receiving his degree, Rice worked a become much more involved. gone home. The President's Office--unoc­ summer as a chemical engineer for the Hum­ The most immediate need, as this cupied but brightly lighted and gua.rded­ ble OU Co. refinery in Baton Rouge, then country faces this major epidemic of ls a room where Rice enjoys pointing out en tered a master's-degree program in indus­ venereal diseases, is that there should seldom-noticed architectural touches. trial administration at Purdue. It had "a be a recognition of the extent of the A few steps away is another room that he heavy emphasis in economics and quantita­ problem and an understanding of the unhurriedly describes with a tone of appre­ tive-methods, operations-research kinds o! steps which must be taken to control the ciation in his low voice. It is a place o! problems, which were pretty easy to build epidemic. polished dark woods and of sweeping can­ onto an engineering background." vases that portray great military events o! At Purdue he received a Ford Foundation Obviously, there must be research. The American history. It's a conference room, doctoral fellowship in economics and man­ research must extend into surveillance yet it possesses a feeling of elegance that he agement, became interested in management which must be included in epidemiologi­ likes because it's tasteful to the last detail; science and applied economics and decided cal studies. There must be bacteriologic it's not overdone. to stay on for a Ph.D. His three degree and immunologic investigations which It is in this room at 7: 30 almost every areas-engineering, industrial administra­ will be required for the evaluation of morning that Donald B. Rice '61 and several tion and analytical economics-are alike in potential control measures. other top federal officials gather with key that "they help you develop a way of think­ So little is known about the physiology presidential aides to share information about ing about problems, decision problems," Rice the business of the government. says, "developing a bias toward searching and cellular structure of the gonococcus The 32-year-old Rice, who received a out the !acts and thinking in terms of alter­ that these must be examined in detail. bachelor-of-science degree in chemical en­ natives and difierences." The study of the modes of action of anti­ gineering from Notre Dame 11 years ago, is an "It also makes a good mix," he adds, "be­ biotics and the movement of the venereal assistant director of the Office o! Manage­ cause in this job it's helpful to have some disease orga.nisms through the body will ment and Budget (OMB). He works with engineering or technical background to help have to be known before effective thera­ OMB Director George Shultz and Deputy understand more about what the programs peutic measures can be used with con­ Director Caspar Weinberger to provide the really do--and that's important for trying fidence. President with a review and evaluation o! to figure out how much of them we ought federal agencies' budget requests and to an­ to have." The need for research is paralleled alyze and evaluate the agencies' programs. Rice and his wife, the former Susan Fitz­ by a need for education and research The OMB's three assistant directors cover gerald, a 1961 Saint Mary's College graduate, into the methods of education so that the entire federal budget. One reviews de­ left Purdue after four years and went to we can reach those segments of our fense and international programs, another Monterey, Calif., where he did two years of population which appear to be most deals With "human resources" spending ROTC obligation by teaching at the Naval vulnerable. through departments such as Labor, and Postgraduate School. Over the fireplace in his Finally, public health measures must Health, Education, and Welfare. "I have the Washington office he has hung framed third piece," Rice says. photographs that convey a kind o! Impres­ be instituted which can effectively aid That piece includes economic, science and sionist feeling for the unspoiled coastline o! in the control of venereal diseases. technology programs, such as the Commerce central California. Unless we move swiftly and with ef­ and the Transportation Departments, the It was at Monterey that Rice "helped put ficient resources, the problem can only Atomic Energy Commission, NASA, the together and teach a four-week course de­ become much worse and the toll in hu­ Small Business Ad.ministration and the Na­ signed to teach middle-management person­ man misery and loss of human resources tional Science Foundation. Also included are nel-both civilian and mllitary-in the De­ will be astronomical. natural-resources programs, such as the fense Department something about the Agriculture and the Interior Departments, planning, programing and budgeting system the Corps of Engineers' civil-works functions o! the McNamara period." In effect, Rice and the Environmental Protection Agency, helped Defense Department officials under­ "We're in the unique place of being able stand the changes taking place there in the FROM ND TO OMB to see the whole--or for each of us at least middle 1960s. He was concerned particularly a very large part of the whole--compared to with the new management approaches and what an individual agency can see," Rice analytical procedures that Robert McNamara. HON. WENDELL WYATT says. "In a sense, our constituency is the introduced. OF OREGON general taxpayer. That interest must be In June 1967 Rice came to the Pentagon IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES represented here. It's not likely to get con­ as director of cost analysis in the office o! tinuous, front-burner recognition in other the Secretary of Defense. A year and a ha.l! Tuesday, June 6, 1972 parts of the Executive branch, which also later, after President Nixon named Melvin Mr. WYATT. Mr. Speaker, the Notre have special interests to serve." Laird Defense Secretary, Rice was appointed He adds that "the Agriculture Department Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense !or Dame Alumni magazine carried an arti­ doesn't spend much time talking to aero­ Resource Analysis--"another one of those cle on a distinguished alumnus, Don space companies, and NASA doesn't spend long Washington titles that go on forever," Rice, who, unfortunately, is leaving the much time talking to farmers," but the OMB he observes with a grin. Office of Management and Budget to talks to all agencies, studies their programs The new post put him in charge o! the become president of Rand Corp. I have and points of view, and advises the Presi­ Pentagon's cost-analysis division, which he worked with Don on several projects. His dent on how much money each should have, had been directing, plus other divisions that acumen and fairness have been most what should be done with it and how. analyzed the department's manpower re­ helpful. He adds,"Our job really is to be sensitive quirements for wartime operations. Some o! to the agency that's ma.king the request," his work concerned the Vietnam war-main­ I would like to share this article by Rice says, "but to be even more sensitive to ly in analyzing postwar problems and South Terence F. Shea of the National Ob­ the President's problem, and to lay out alter­ Vietnam's economy after U.S. troop with­ server with my colleagues: natives and evaluations that are helpful to drawal. Most o! it was highly classified and him." FROM N.D. TO 0.M.B. almost none made news. To do that, Rice has a staff of more than However, the results of one o! his studies (By Terence F. Shea) 80 persons who are to "know enough about did get some public attention. The study As we went to press, the appointment o! the programs to understand them, figure out was "instrumental in showing that the so­ Don Rice '61 as president of Rand Corpora­ what can be done to improve them, make called $30 billion 'peace dividend' that was to tion was announced. The best-known "think them more efficient and identity things that come after the war was an exaggeration," tank" in the nation, Rand is a nonprofit are candidates for elimination or reduction. Rice says. "It was true that the defense organization which conducts research and They also have responsibility for monitor­ budget at its peak got to be a number that analysis on problems of U.S. nation.al se­ ing the management e!feotlveness of the was $30 billion higher than it was in the curity and domestic a!fairs. The company agencies in their areas. They identify prob­ latest year before the war," he explains, but is headquartered in Santa Monica, Calif. lem areas where management capabilities in the intervening years inflation had pushed Don Rice walks quickly down the de­ up the prices of everything from toothpaste serted marble corridors of the old Executive and management systems aren't sumclent to the need ... figuring out what needs to be to fighter-bombers. omce Building, steps out into the warm In fact, he adds, if the Defense Depart­ night, and crosses the few yards of open done, and following up when something has ment's manpower strengths and total forces space to enter the White House by a side been decided." were kept at their prewar levels, the defense door. The security guards recognize him, nod In his spacious, h1gh-ce111ng omce in the budget "would have to be in the neighbor­ approvingly, and he moves on, making his Executive Office Building, Rice settles into hood of, well, it's classified, but it would - way through the quiet, carpeted hallways o! one o! the chairs around the circular con­ have to be much larger than it is today. Tens the Executive Mansion's West Wing. ference table and says that economic anal- of billions larger." June 6, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19879 When President Nixon created the OMB Last yea.r the Rices returned for their class services results in high motivation and about two yea.rs ago and named then-Labor reunions a.t Notre Dame and Saint Mary's-­ effectiveness, and that service to coun­ Secretary George Shultz as its director, Rice the campuses without students seemed "a try is a desirable criterion in the award ca.me over from the Pentagon to the posi­ little like Washington when Congress is out of session," he comments. It is more through of student aid. tion he has now. "The OMB attracts people Encourage students and their families who are here to serve the presidency-and his occasional meetings with Father Hes­ the President," Rice says. He regards his burgh in Washington that he concludes that to view a period of community service as post as one of the "half dozen or so best "the students in general are not only brighter a. rewarding and legitimate alternative jobs in town." It's not without drawbacks-­ but also more purposeful, more interested to enrolling automatically in college or especially a frustration in not being able to and more concerned than perhaps we were. graduate school; actively make a worth-while program "The u~i"ersity is, of course, a freer com­ Expand the range and number of op­ achieve all that he knows it wants to do and munity than it was when we were there; portunities for young Americans to con­ can do. The results of pouring more money I think the changes had to come. Notre Dame tribute to their communities and society; has to be a quality place from an intellec­ into existing programs, he indicates, may and satisfy political constituencies without solv­ tual and academic point of view-and one of ing the problems. N.D.'s special features is tha.t that point of Contribute to the solution of social "Our basic job is identifying alternatives,'' view extends to its Catholicity as well as its problems and through the additional Rice says. "An agency may not even know academic areas. It also has to be a first-class services which young Americans can con­ that something they're proposing is incon­ research institution in its own right. tribute. sistent with a policy in another area that it "Whether it's history or literature or math­ Such a program could be administered touches on or overlaps with.'' There also may ematics or engineering or economics," he much like the GI bill for veterans, with be "alternatives in terms of different ways of says, the purpose for students is to "learn a regional or local boards certifying getting after the same objective." .And some­ how to think about a decision problem or a times it's a question of "whether the thing public-policy problem in its component parts, projects meeting urgent social needs for is worth undertaking." really think it through and understand it in those applying for positions. During their The voice that Rice and his colleagues have an unemotional and objective way-develop­ period of service, participants could ac­ in government decision-ma.king sometimes is ing one's abllity to think in a useful way crue educational benefits on a monthly in the form of a recommendation attached to about the problems of society." basis, just as GI's do for their period of an analysis, but it's "awfully important to Don Rice is immediately concerned with military service. School benefits could keep that for the end," he emphasizes, "sep­ the environment and pollution. The environ­ later be applied against the mounting arate from the basic staff job.'' ment issue is a public-policy concern that is cost of postsecondary education. The recommendations are expected to be "personally appealing" to him. But his way based on "our substantive knowledge of the of thinking a.bout it, he adds, must be "not Quite frankly, I find the proposal most progra.m area," he says, "but there are also just those things that interest me person­ intriguing and intend to develop legisla­ times when we have to consider the political ally." He is more concerned with those things tion which would incorporate the con­ climate in terms of the receptivity of a con­ that a.re really important; those things that cept of a community services program. gressional committee to a particular idea. this country has to grapple with. All communities could benefit from the We certainly don't serve our boss well by ig­ "Sure there sometimes are confilcts be­ services of motivated, concerned citizens noring the fa.ct. We also make it clear when tween his personal attitudes about a pro­ performing needed tasks. an idea is an opinion rather than a.n analyt­ gram, and his recommendation.o to the Presi­ ical conclusion." dent from a strictly professional, analytical The concept will be particularly at­ Rice admits, "there are times when my point of view, he says, "although I certainly tractive to young people but might be work leads me to a different conclusion tha.n haven't had that kind of problem in the beneficially broadened to include those that of my bosses, including the President. space area." in middle age and heyond-(for exam­ On the other hand, I've been through enough The space program is one "that intrigues ple, housewives with children in school different levels of jobs already in my ca.reer me personally," Rice says, particularly in or grown; military retirees seeking a to know darn well that the guy at one level "trying to understand how much of that lt second career; and our senior citizens doesn't see all of the ramifications of the makes sense to do. That's always an impor­ who have experience, time and most im­ problem. tant question. The question of how much ls portantly compassion. Many citizens "There's a certain intellectual arrogance enough is really what this game ls all about." that one can fall into in thts business," Rice could also benefit from obtaining the says. "As soon as you begin to feel you always education credit for purposes of self de­ know the right answer, you're no longer a.ny velopment and vocational retooling. Fur­ good to the people who put you here to pro­ GI ther, there might be value in volunteers vide them independent, objective display of A BILL FOR COMMUNITY SERVICES of varying ages, working together on meanlngf"'..11 al ternati ves and their implica­ common social and community problems tions.'' The penalty of arrogance ls swift: "The What better way to reduce the ''genera­ decision-makers stop listening to you," Rice HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER tion gap?" explains, "so you've got a powerful incentive OP WISCONSIN Excerpts from Secretary Richardson's to not let yourself get sucked Into simply put- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES speeches follow. The Secretary speaks ting forward your own personal opinion." He Tuesday. June 6. 1972 first of using youth's talents to better adds that "we lose our effectiveness as staff • • society. He then presents a "G.I. Bill for assistants to the President if we try to do the Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. Community Services," and discusses President's job for him, and he wouldn't put Speaker, I wish to call to the attention hoped for results of such a bill: up with th8it." of Congress an idea put forth by the Sec- Though Rice isn't required to keep the ta f th d ti SPEECH BY SECRETARY RICHARDSON White House informed of his whereabouts, re ry o Heal , E uca on, and Wel- YOUTH TALENTS AND SOCIETY he adds that he is "not allowed to get too far fare, Mr. Elliot L. Richardson in a com­ Our way of life, predicated on the rights of out of the line of a telephone call from mencement speech at the President's every one of us to ma.ke choices-to move George Shultz." Usually he ls close by the alma mater, Whittier College, on June 3. around, to express individual conscience­ West Wing anyway-either there at a meet- In this speech, Secretary Richardson ha.s also brought us urban sprawl, the de­ ing or across the street in his office, where he suggested a GI bill of rights for com­ spolia.tlon of rivers, forests and parks, and puts in a workday of 12 hours or more, plus munity services which would encourage for too many of us, the emptiness of facing several hours on Saturday. "And then, of assistance to communities by providing a tightly competitive system that sometimes course, there's always a briefcase for nights educational benefits to those who par­ embraces the wrong values. Worse, it is a a.nd weekends," he adds. system that all too often has left the poor, Don and his wife, susa.n, live in a Willia.ms- ticipated in selected community projects. the old, the minority member and the under­ burg Colonial in the Aurora Hills section of This idea was further described by the educated by the wayside, in a denial of the south Arlington, in Virglnia-12 minutes Secretary in commencement remarks American birthright of equality . . . from the White House. They have three prepared for the University of Connec­ But no student of history, or of current sons-Donald III, who is soon t.o be 9; Joseph ticut on June 5. events, or of societal crisis, could honestly John, just 7 and Matthew Fitzgerald, 3. On The proposal addresses itself to a nwn­ deny the evidence that-by virtually any weekends they may do a little bicycling ber of problelllS besetting today's youth, measure one might name-we are constantly through the neighborhood, take the boys to including: boredom, lack of direct expe­ and consistently moving closer to fulfilling the Smithsonian, ride up along the Potomac the original promises upon which the United or hike out to Virginia's Great Fa.Us. In a rience in the life of society, uncertain States was founded. way it's au familiar countryside to Rice. He career choices. The rationale of the pro­ In truth, I believe the doubts being ex­ grew up in central Maryland around Fred- posal wouid seek to-- pressed today are generated not so much by erick, where his family has a tire distributor- · Build upon the lessons of the GI bill, our failures as by our successes; and by our ship. that returning to school after a period of looking wistfully backward rather than san- 19880 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 6, 1.972 guinely to the future. America's collective proved to be among the most motivated no embellishment, no elaboration. Such retina holds fixed the image of the pioneer: students in college, giving new vitality to The mythical man of the West, a man re­ the process of higher education. a statement is the following article writ­ sponding directly to a wilderness he had to The same emphasis can and should be ten by Whiteford S. Blakeney, a Char­ live with, the culmination of centuries of given to young people willing to demonstrate lotte, N.C., attorney who has argued be­ the exploring man, the innovating man, liv­ their commitment to public service. We have fore the Supreme Court on a number of ing almost entirely on the resources of the already proved the value of Federal incen­ constitutional questions. self. Today, we are left with the impulse to tives to young people with such programs as Mr. Blakeney has examined the mat­ explore our world but find we are walled in the Peace Corps, VISTA, and the Teachers ter of pupil assignment in the public by the compromises we have to make to a Corps. These programs have shown the enor­ world without physical frontiers. mous value of such service to the volun­ schools in a manner readily comprehend­ To develop our full capabilities, we need teers themselves, a.nd to the schools to which ed by lawyer and layman alike. more than abstract challenges. We need also they return. A GI Blll for community serv­ I include the statement published in to confront real problems, make decisions, ice would extend the Federal commitment to the Charlotte Observer of April 3, 1972, take risks, and learn by experiencing the get people involved in the life of their com­ in the RECORD at this time: consequences of our actions. Learning munities by providing educational benefits THE COURTS ARE CONTRADICTING THEIR through action is how most of us learn skills to those who voluntarily participate in OWN DECISIONS such as how to cope with bureaucracies, how selected national, regional and local com­ to serve people, how to squeeze the maximum munity projects and services. Ainid all the controversy over the busing of public school children, there can be no dis­ amount of time out of the day. It is how ANTICIPATED LEGISLATIVE RESULTS most of us develop the self-confidence and agreement on one point, namely, that the resourcefulness to move on to successively To the degree this nation can enlist volun­ subject is thoroughly confused. greater challenges. teers for important, necessary tasks; to the The more it is discussed by writers, com­ The learning that goes on in school, how­ degree we can tap the compassion, the con­ mentators, political candidates and public ever, is passive learning. It is learning how cern and the commitment of our people­ officials--the more it is expounded in court to take notes, to sit in class, to read thought­ to that degree will we be able to affect decisions, in congressional debate and even fully and listen carefully. To sharpen one's change, to bring all of our people into the in presidential message-the more tangled intellectual sk111s and ability to handle ab­ mainstream, to bring the a.filleted and the it seems to become. This may be mainly due stract subjects is immensely important. underprivileged within striking distance of to the fact that, in all that is being said But learning through vicarious experience, the American dream. and written on the matter, there has actually through books and teachers, is not enough. In recent years, we have evolved a politics been very little defining or analyzing of the For these reasons, we need to reopen the of impatience: Each major gain triggers new basic principles involved. Yet this can be question this country debated briefly a dec­ expectations and demands for action. Civil rather briefly done. ade ago-the question of how to provide new rights, women's liberation, the demand for It is first to be noted that the terms challenges for the thousands of young people open space, the demand for equalizing op­ "busing" and "forced busing" a.re short-hand whose idealism has not yet soured. We would portunities for education through new tax colloquialisms. School children are not being all agree, I beUeve, with that marvelous state­ systems, aid to needy students, and institu­ ordered or required to ride buses anywhere. ment of Wllliam James that what we need tional reforms, the need for incomes for our But children a.re definitely being assigned to solve our problems is something like "the poor and better health care for all-these and reassigned and moved around among the moral equivalent of war." But to develop this issues and others have piled one on the public schools by federal court orders, ac­ spirit, we need something like the moral other, producing a snow-balling phenome­ cording to their race and color, and they are equivalent to basic training. Is there a way non of social change. Successes breed new compelled to attend at the schools thus des­ to structure opportunities for the young to expectations so that, while most things are ignated, regardless of how they get there­ test themselves on adversaries such as pol­ getting better all the time, they seem to be school buses being simply the means of con­ lution, crime, drugs, and poverty? Are there getting worse. veyance they most frequently use. meaningful moral equivalents for basic These trends can be contained only if a More specifically, say the courts, wherever training which could be accessible to in­ substantial number of people from your there have been laws which prevented the dividuals with a wide range of talents, to generation make a new commitment to racia.l mixing of children in public schools women as well as men? community and public service. I am talking during pa.st generations, then no matter that about individuals who wlll focus their ener­ such laws are now all voided and non-exist­ GI BILL FOR COMMUNITY SERVICES gies and skills in a particular area, be it tent, nevertheless present day children shall Why not create a new kind of "GI Blll"- education, health, the reform of prisons-­ be compulsorily moved a.round among the a. "GI Bill" for community service? Surely not all of these. In:dividuals who will talk schools in order that a su1flcient racial mix­ service in the community is as valuable to less about the "urban crisis" and more ing may be achieved and maintained. our country as military service, and more about how to organize an effort to remove What is "su1flcient" racial mixing? To thJs rewarding to the individuals concerned. The lead-based paint from the walls of their question there is no answer, other than the Peace Corps, VISTA, and the Teacher Corps neighborhood. Individuals whose time-frame cryptic pronouncement by the courts that have demonstrated what young volunteers for change is calculated not in terms of the schools must be "unitary." In truth can achieve. Yet new programs need not be a weekend or a summer of activity, but there is no definition, no standard and no Federally run. Young people can have a wide months and even years of persistence and measure from any source. Thus, a "su1flcient" variety of choice in fitting their interests commitment. racia.l admixture in all the complex and and abilities to areas of social concern. Every With such a commitment, much can be varying situations is whatever federal judges community in America has tasks which can accomplished. may deem to be "su1flcient." be done by young people who choose to What do the courts point to as their au­ stop out of school for a period of service ... The same challenges put forth by thority for the exercise of such power and a. period of broader education in problem­ Secretary Richardson to the Nation's the issuance of such orders? For all of their sol ving and citizenship. Benefits for such youth could apply equally to the con­ rulings and all their actions in this field, service would, in addition, communicate to structive use of talents of our middle they rely and stand solely upon a single students and parents that young people en­ and senior citizens. Educational awards general provision in the Fourteenth Amend­ gaged in such activities were not "drop-outs" ment to the U.S. Constitution, which states but "stop-outs," who are planning to return are also needed in the mid-career and that all persons shall receive "the equal pro­ to formal education somewhat later-with a early retirement years. tection of the laws." stock of experience enabling them to make a I believe a "GI bill for community Has not the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that much more personal and intense commit­ services" is worthy of further considera­ this very provision of the Constitution in­ ment to their formal education. tion. validates all laws and governmental actions Such an idea could be implemented in a which require the assignment of children program much like the existing GI Blll. to public schools on the basts of race or Regional or local boards could certify proj­ THE COURTS ARE CONTRADICTING color? The U.S. Supreme Court has indeed ects which meet urgent social needs with so ruled. And that brings us to the heart meaningful tasks which young people can THEffi OWN DECISIONS of the matter. do. Students could then apply for these In 1954, in the landmark case of "Brown positions. During their period of service, last­ vs. Board of Education", the U.S. Supreme ing perhaps from six months to two yea.rs, HON. W. C. (DAN) DANIEL Court declared that henceforth there could students could accrue benefits on a monthly OF VXRGINIA be no laws or governmental actions com­ be.sis, just as GI's do for their period of mil1- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pelling racial separation 1n public schools; tary service. When students return to school, that public schools, on the contrary, must these benefits could then be applied against Tuesday, June 6, 1972 be operated "on a non-racial basis"-and the mounting costs of going to college. DANIEL Mr. that therefore no child could be excluded For years, the GI Blll has stood as a land­ Mr. of Virginia. Speak­ from any public school because of his race, mark of social vision. It has helped millions er, rarely-very rarely-a statement and that assignments and admissions to the of servicemen return to school after a period comes to the attention of each of us public schools must be made without regard of mllltary service. The returning servicemen which is so clear, so incisive, as to need to race. June 6, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19881 Yet within the last several years, amaz­ a public school I do not wish to attend. The The true solution of the whole matter ls ingly, and without acknowledging that they school authorities, under court order, take to establish it as law, beyond question, that are doing so, the federal courts, including note of the color of my skin and shape this no child shall be denied access tb any public the Supreme Court--but with various of compulsion upon me solely according to school because of his race or color and that the federal judges in strong disagreement-­ whether they find me to be black or white." no child shall be assigned to any public have completely reversed that fundamental The hope was that legal compulsion based school because of his race or color. decision and are ruling that children shall on race had been lifted. The reallty ls that All of the zeal, interest and concern that be excluded from public schools and assigned race is again imposed-as rigidly and zeal­ surrounds this controversy should be brought to other public schools specifically and ously as it ever was before the 1954 decision. to bear to see to it that such freedom iS solely according to their race. What purported to be a grant of freedom has truly and genuinely and in absolute good Thus, the courts are now holding that been transformed into a denial of freedom 1 faith accorded to every child-and that there the language of the Fourteenth Amendment The rationale of the new racial compulsion is no governmental action or practice or commands and requires that which they is that it ts a sort of retribution or remedy subterfuge to the contrary. held, only seventeen years ago, to be pro­ for the former racial compulsion which op­ There should be impartial and vigorous hibited and forbidden by the very same erated in the opposite direction. But is a enforcement of this freedom from every side language. former denial of freedom to be atoned or and in every quarter. Governmental pressure It is doubtful that there has ever been, remedied by imposing a new denial of free­ and compulsion should be rooted out of the in the entire history of the law, a more dom? And ts it not a strange irony indeed field-whether its thrust is in the direction monumental inconsistency and contradic­ that this new denial of freedom is imposed of forcing racial separ~teness or in the di­ tion than this. It is an inconsistency and upon children who were neither the authors rection of forcing racial mixing. Governmen­ contradiction which the courts have thus nor the victims of the earlier wrong? tal force shaped by racial considerations is far been unwilling to confront or explain­ Nevertheless it is argued this new com­ the evil and the wrong in either case, and and it is the fountainhead of the confusion pulsion will be good for the children, white it is this that should be unequivocally out­ and perplexity and indecisiveness that sur­ and black alike. Perhaps so, and perhaps lawed. rounds this whole controversy. not. But above all towers the paramount Statutory enactment by Congress could be Obviously it is perplexing to be told by a fact--it is not freedom! ineffectual, for the federal courts could ig­ court that the same constitutional provision The Constitution of the United States does nore or nullify it as being contrary to their which forbids compulsion on the basis of not vest the federal courts with any au­ current "interpretation" of the Constitu­ race requires compulsion on the basis of thority to prescribe what they may deem to tion. The writing into the Constitution of race--and that the imposition of racial com­ be "good" for the American people. Quite to a new and definitive provision on the sub­ pulsion is the correction of racial compul­ the contrary, that great covenant protects ject ts the only sure course. sion. the individual from impositions, restrictions This is certainly not a task to be lightly This basic and ever-present inconsistency and compulsions infringing his liberties, by undertaken. It is, however, the only resolu­ inevitably produces resentment and resist­ whomsoever devised or planned, and whether tion of the matter that courts could not ance, no less than bewilderment, in the well intended or not. What judges may con­ undo. And the subject is of such vital and minds of those who are subjected to the sider to be beneficial is by no means the test basic importance as to justify its being spe­ present orders. Nor can it fall to create mis­ of constitutional right. As Daniel Webster cifically dealt with in the Constitution. giving and uncertainty among the oftlclals declalred : Such a constitutional provision should be who must administer such orders, and even "It ts hardly too strong to say that the very carefully and clearly phrased, so as to among the judges who promulgate them. Constitution was made to guard the people be effective for its purpose beyond question. There can be no doubt as to the intense against the dangers of good intentions." The following, for example, would seem to and widespread opposition to the decrees Justice Brandeis said: be a wording that would meet such requi­ which the federal courts are issuing on this "Experience should teach us to be most on sites: subject. Every poll and survey and vote on our guard to protect liberty when the gov­ No governmental authority shall hence­ the matter shows this to be true in every ernment's purposes are beneficient . . . The forth, in any way or any purpose, prescribe part of the country. greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious or require any attendance assignments in The only statutory enactments on the sub­ encroachments by men of zeal, well-meaning, public schools on the basis of race or color. ject, by Congress or by any elected repre­ but without understanding". Very recently a member of the U.S. Sen­ sentatives, have been in clear opposition And as Thomas Jefferson vividly expressed ate stood before that body and st.asted that to this compulsion which the federal courts it: he would oppose a similar proposal, because a.re imposing by decree on their own "Let us hear no more then of the good in­ he considered it "a step on the road back­ initiative. tentions of man, but bind him down With ward ... toward freedom of choice!" Currently there are being presented in Con­ the chains of the Constitution." This ts indeed a startling illumination of gress a multitude of proposals for legislation It is further contended that the destruc­ how far we have traveled toward the loss of dealing with the subject--most of which are, tion of the freedom here at stake ls justified fundamental liberty in this land. For, here however, hopelessly ambiguous---a.nd some because the end to be gained ts "quality" it is pronounced in the Senate of the United of which are deliberately designed to resolve education. As to this, the fundamental an­ States that "freedom" and "freedom of nothing but to "take the heat off" the issue. swer is that the surrender of freedom in choice" ts a step "backward". From which Meanwhile, the federal courts struggle with return for "quality" education or anything it would follow that the road "forward" is the insoluble legal and logical inconsistency else is indeed a poor exchange. Nor, under toward a regime in which our lives will be which they have themselves created. Alter­ our Constitution, does any arm of govern­ in all respects planned and prescribed for nately, they declare that they will not re­ ment, including a federal court, have any us--that the future belong to totalitarian quire or permit attendance assignments for authority to force such exchange upon any government--and that individual liberties the purpose of achieving "racial balance" in citizen of this nation. under Constitutional guarantees are but the public schools-and at the same time, Moreover, is it not common sense to ques­ sentimental memories of a day already gone. they proceed to issue orders, or sustain or­ tion whether forcing children, on purely ra­ The American people will surely accept ders, which have no other purpose than that. cial grounds, into schools-particularly dis­ no such pronouncement. Sooner or later, Urgently, they emphasize that the right tant schools-which they do not wish to their answer to the present controversy wm not to be excluded from a public school or attend, and which their parents do not wish be: No compulsion from government based assigned to a public school on the basis of them to attend, is likely to increase their on race--but, instead, freedom without re­ race or color is a constitutional right, ab­ motivation to apply themselves in such gard to race! solute and inviolable. In the next breath, schools-or likely to have good effect upon they qualify or suspend this right to such their relations with their fellow students extent as they deem "reasonable" and for there--0r likely to improve the morale, dis­ such period as they consider "appropriate" cipline or standards of excellence in those CAMBRIDGE TEACH-IN ON GREE~E in the exercise of their "equitable remedial schools? power"-thus obviously transforming con­ Indeed, no knowledgeable and candid stitutional right into shifting sand. observer will deny that since the imposition of Formerly, of course, the compulsion here the reqni.rement that assignments to public HON. DONALD M. FRASER in question was applied to force the segrega­ schools be made on the basis of race, strife OF MINNESOTA tion of races, whereas now it ts applied to and dissension and disciplinary problems are IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES force the integratioIL of races. Nevertheless, up and the "quality" of education is down. it is still force--force at the hands of gov­ As a consequence, there ts an ever in­ Tuesday, June 6, 1972 ernment--and force imposed on each indi­ creasing flight from the public schoolS all Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, on April 22 vidual according to his race, and for no other over the country. And in this exodus, inci­ a conunittee of professors sponsored a reason than his race. dentally, there ts to be found an especially teach-in on Greece in Cambridge, Mass. Consequently, both white and black chil­ high proportion of "liberal" leaders, both in dren are now in the position of saying: and out of government, who nevertheless The teach-in marked the fifth anniver­ "Because of my race, I am not allowed to continue to prescribe the compulsion in ques­ sary of the coup that established the mil­ attend a public school I wish to attend. Be­ tion for those who remain in the public itary dictatorship in Greece. cause of my race, I am compelled to attend schools. Our colleague from New York Edmund Burke. It was written tractors wlll never believe: as a vulnerable, have a million dollars ... but I'm not chang­ by Dr. Robert Nisbet and appeared in the funny man with a remarkable insight into ing my religion. Now," he continued straight­ Wall Street Journal of June 5: this country's wounds. face, "there are certain compensations." Robert Kennedy's personality was like his Looking stony-faced at four Jewish aides. BURKE'S GUIDE TO REVOLUTION Senate office the first time I saw it: over­ "After all, I'm going to heaven and you're (By Robert Nisbet) crowded, overworked, chaotic, disorganized, not." How does one live sanely through a.n age of yet efficient, like some college newspaper During the 1968 campaign, reporters were revolution? What can keep the sheer num­ office. He was late for everything, in motion constantly looking for crowd size and en­ ber and complexity of revolutionary changes constantly, impatient, sensing that there was thusiasm. As a chartered filght was coming in our age from inducing in us that special never enough time. You could, after a week into an airport for a rally, R. W. Apple of the apathy zoologists say is common to all orga­ or two, walk into Kennedy's offices and know New York Times asked Kennedy, "How big nisms when environmental stimuli become immediately whether he was there or not: is the crowd, senator?" to diverse and insistent? How do we distin­ People walked more quickly; spoke more like The plane pulled to a stop and the door guish between true revolutions and false he did, in a kind of enigmatic shorthand; swung open. ones; between major changes serving justice a hum like a high-tension wire was almost "Fifty thousand," he said and stuck his or freedom anti those serving little more than audible among his staff. head out and waved briefly. A cheer went up. the interests of power and privilege? Perhaps that suggests fear; if so, it ls mis­ Kennedy pulled his head back in, turned to One way of trying to cope with the intel­ leading. Kennedy did not inspire fear, not Apple with a schoolboy grin, and said, lectual demands of our age is to return to in the sense of a cringing set of subordinates mocking the press cliches, "They screamed an earlier revolutionary age, and, to study waiting for the lash of Big Daddy. What with pleasure." the life and works of the great 18th Cen­ Kennedy did was to make you aware of stand­ His self-mockery really was easy to take. tury philosopher, Edmund Burke. Burke was ards; to remind you that he expected what At some point during the Indiana primary, preoccupied during his lifetime by some five he himself reflected, a constant pursuit of an ancient two-engine plane started down revolutions or, at very least, situations with excellence. To be part of that world was the runway and abruptly scheeched to a halt. high revolutionary potential: the English an experience I have not since felt. As Jack Kennedy rose from his seat. revolution of 1688 which had occurred four Newfield, Kennedy's most incisive biogra­ "I just want to say in all modesty," he decades before his birth; the American revo­ pher, has put it, "Bobby made everybody sa1d, "that if we don't make it, your names lution; the French revolution; the strong play over their heads." will be in very small print." protests of Benga.Iese against British admin­ This was true in matters of substance. I Others have written about Kennedy's sense istration of India; and the turmoil in Ire­ had come to Kennedy's staff believing that of empathy: a capacity to feel the hurt, land as the consequence of British policy John Kennedy was the intellectual, the bril­ or rage, or discontent of people utterly un­ there toward Roman Catholics. liant reader-writer, while Bobby was the like him. Still others insist on his ruthless­ It may comes as a surprise to many, accus­ ruthless tactician. Yet working for Robert ness, or vindictiveness; and I am sure he tomed to thinking of Burke as the unvarying Kennedy was like studying with a legendary was capable of both compassion and mean defender of his beloved England or of tradi­ tutor. Every time I worked on a speech, or spiritness. He was a human being, not a tional civil order to learn that of these five a statement for the Senate fioor, or a com­ saint; he could be curt and short with his revolutions or potential revolutions, Burke mittee hearing. the first question he would staff and friends, and could and did go gave impassioned support to four of them: ask was the question I had forgotten, or against his best instincts--whether it was the English, the American, the Indian, and raised in my own mind and dismissed as a hesitant opposition to the war in Viet­ the Irish. To one only, the French, did Burke just too detailed or complicated. nam, or a belated decision to challenge offer stringent, relentless opposition. Lyndon Johnson. "Well ... what about this point?" Ken­ DR. JOHNSON'S UNEASE nedy would say about a speech on Vietnam. Yet perhaps the most insistent memory "Have you checked this out with Goodwin? I have of Robert Kennedy is of a night in Had there been, in Burke's day, an organi­ Didn't the Times have a piece on the deser­ Indianapolis, just after Martin Luther King zation like the present Americans for Demo­ tion rate in the South Vietnamese army? was shot. Kennedy had come back from an cratic Action to give statistical ra1iings of There's a fellow at M.I.T.... Why don't you impassioned talk to a crowd of blacks, many "liberal" and "conservative" to legislators, of whom first heard the news of King's death Burke would surely have drawn, in these five call him and see what he says." He had a issues, all of them of great public importance commitment to getting at the core of things, from Kennedy. He had quoted Aeschylus to an unwillingness to ignore the unanswered them, and spoken of the death of his own 1n England, an 80 % for liberalism, which is question, that was astonishing. More im­ brother. But that night, back at the hotel, not bad in our day or Burke's. Actually, there portant, it explains why his legislative staff­ he was in a quiet, detached mood. Sometime is little doubt but that Burke would be particularly Adam Walinsky and Peter Edel­ about 2 AM, he came into a room where rather astonished, were he to come back on man-turned out the extraordinary work Adam Walinsky and I , along with Ted Soren­ earth today, to find that he ls universally they did in three short years. When Robert sen via telephone, were trying to work on a regarded as a conservative, as the founding speech about the King death for the next father indeed of modern political conserva­ Kennedy told Walinsky, "Why don't you take day. tism. He was, after all, himself a Whig, and e. look at Bedford-Stuyvesant?", it led to a comprehensive program of economic develop­ "You know," he said, "that fellow Lee his political views were regarded with some Harvey . . . Harvey Lee . . . Oswald . . . he unease by that quintessential Tory, and ment, including job training, urban renewal, Burke's admiring friend, Dr. Johnson. community television, and a new kind of set something loose in this country . . . neighborhood government. When Kennedy something very strong . . . " Kennedy had, Even so, we cannot overlook the well at­ Peter Edelman started looking at conditions I realized somehow, heard the name of his tested fact that Burke's view of the social brother's murder from those first reports organism, and of the relation between order among migrant workers, it led not just to which got the names transposed, and he had and freedom, ls the clear source of the legislation, but to a personal odyssey of dis­ never been able--or willing-to get them stream of political and social conservatism covery and solidarity almost unheard of In straight. running through Coleridge Matthew Arnold, contemporary American politics. And then he said "Martin Luther King's and de Tocqueville in the 19th Century The ideas, programs and suggestions that death isn't the worst thing that ever down to Ortegay Gasset, T. S. Eliot and poured out of Kennedy's crowded Senate of- happened." Yeats, among others, in our own century. It 19888 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 6, 1972· is best to leave Burke a.s history has ma.de show in any modern European book more him, in a. letter written in 1795, comparing. him: the classic conservative of modern true morality than is to be found in the writ­ Jacobinlsm to the "spirit of Protestant as­ times. ings of Asiatic men of high trust.... " Make cendancy" in England toward the Irish and To understand Burke and his attitude to­ what we will of the personal clement in­ their rights and also to the spirit of "Indla.n­ ward the revolutions of his da.y, it ls neces­ volved in Burke's charges against Warren lsm" by which British wielders of power had sary to begin with, not tradition, convention, Hastings; motivation is always complex. sought to uproot Asiatic morality a.nd con­ and order as such, but rather with rights, What is central is Burke's unambiguous de­ sensus, replacing that with bureaucratically liberty a.nd equity, the protection of which fence of the Indians in their rebellion against conceived and abstract principles born afar. Burke sa.w a.s government's chief function. what he called Ha.stings' "arbitrary power." It is not difficult t.o discover in Burke's To be sure, we do well to note Burke's venera­ "No man . . . has a right to arbitrary writing, from its earliest period on, a strong tion of tradition, his sense of society as a. power." That principle, enunciated by Burke dislike of the a priori, the purely rationalistic partnership of the dead, the living, and the is his defence of the Indian rebellion, is the and deductive, a.nd, above a.11 the kind of unborn, and his respect for "the wisdom of cornerstone of Burke's philosophy. We see thinking that, in government, moves in­ our ancestors." precisely the same attitude contained in his stantly to ordered, calculated and mathemat­ But it is wrong, and without foundation support of the Roman Catholics (Burke was ically exact projects. "It is impossible not in Burke's writings, to see him as the ritual himself Church of England though his moth­ t.c observe," Burke wrote of the revolution­ antiquarian, the doctrinaire conservative. er had been Roman Catholic) in Ireland. ists in France, "that in the spirit of this. Tradition, convention and habit serve vital "We found the people,'' Burke wrote of the geometrical distribution and arithmetlcar functions in Burke's theory of society. Not Irish, "heretics and idolaters; we have, by arrangement these pretended citizens treat only a.re they the sources of the civil order, way of improving t heir condition, made them France exactly like a country of conquest:• the sense of community, that freedom re­ slaves a.nd beggars." THE 20TH CENTURY quires for creative expression; these forces Now, let us turn to the French revolution. are also, in Burke's view, the sources of those Why, given his support of Americans, Indi­ What, then about the revolutionary prejudgments that can alone make ideas of ans and Irish Catholics, did Burke oppose changes of the 20th Century? What would be freedom, right and equity binding to the what was so widely regarded by English lib­ Burke's probable reaction to these? There is members of any community. "People will erals, including Burke's fellow-Whigs in little doubt but that he would see the Com­ not look forward to posterity," he wrote, many instances, as the struggle for freedom munist (and also the Nazi and Fascist) rev­ "who never look backward to their ancestors." a.nd rights by the French people against a olutions in essentially the same terms in Burke wa.s far from being the enemy of repressive government, the monarchy? The which he saw the French. Now as then he change and reform. "A state without the question is made the more pertinent by the would see the actions of elite groups of in­ means of some change is without the means fact that Burke seems at the very beginning tellectuals a.nd revolutionaries applying, in of its conservation. Without such means it of the uprising in France to have been sym­ the name of an abstract and absolute virtue. might even risk the loss of that part of the pathetic. Certainly, there ls no doubt of the techniques of total power against pop­ constitution which it wished the most reli­ Burke's belief that substantial reform wa.s ula. tians. giously to conserve. . . . He that supports needed in France. But what a.bout the more recent revolu­ every administration subverts all govern­ Burke's opposition to the French revolu­ tionary changes in America., those of blacks·, ment," he wrote. tion came, as is a matter of record, when he Chicanos a.nd women, for example, seeking Fa.r from being an advocate of simple lais­ realized that the controlling forces in the redress of wrongs and equity in the tradi­ sez-faire, Burke could declare: "Government revolution were not those of reform but were tional structure of rights and liberties in is a. contrivance of human wisdom to provide instead Jacobin in inspiration, concerned not the American political community? For the for human wants. Men have a. right that with the ascertainable needs of the French life of me I cannot see the unyielding de­ these wants should be provided for by this people but with abstract, millennia.Ily con­ fender of the American colonists, the Indians wisdom. It was Burke, not a. philosophe ceived, rights of a.11 mankind. "For this pur­ and the Catholic Irish taking a position other a.cross the English Channel, who said: "The pose,•' Burke was later to write, "the Ja.co­ than in full support of the minority ob­ arrogance of age must submit to be taught bins have resolved to destroy the whole frame jectives of our day. He did then; he would by youth." and fabric of the old societies of the world today! Now, remarks such as those were never and to regen·era.te them after their fashion." From this would not follow, though, indis­ made by a. mind given to doctrinaire conser­ It was Burke's achievement in what might criminate support of the Bureaucratic and vatism. Traditionalist we ma.y choose to label be called the sociology of revolution to be coercive tactics of some of our powerful Burke, but the fa.ct is, few minds of stature the first to identify a new breed in European agencies of government that also occasion­ have ever given more brilliant witness to society, that of the rootless political intellec­ ally give the appearance of treating America, rights, liberties and equities in the affairs of tual, serving not church, class or country, but in Burke's phrasing, like a. country of con­ government. a. set of rationalist ends, apoca.lytlc in their quest. Recently the distinguished oolumnist This explains Burke's love of the English intensity, tha.t were to be imposed upon the of The Washington Post, William Raspberry. revolution that had just preceded his career French people and then, successively, other himself .a black, wrote of educational deseg­ and that had, well into the 18th Century, its peoples in the world. regation: "The ideal is a. situation in which race is irrelevant to assignment. Preoccupa­ due share of die-ha.rd opponents. Burke sa.w INSIGHTS INTO TOTALITARIANISM that revolution a.s the means not of creating tion with mathematical precision, unfor­ new rights and liberties for the English peo­ It comes a.s no surprise today to be told tunately, is not the wa.y to achieve that ple but instead of a shoring-up of rights and that the Jacoblns were precursors to the Bol­ idea.." Mr. Raspberry went on: "What's so liberties that were, he argued, very old in sheviks, forerunners of the modern totalitari­ ideal a.bout ma.thematically precise distribu­ English history. And thus too, a.s I have ans. One need but read the easily available, tion of human beings?" noted, Burke's constantly watchful eye on well known scholarship of a. Robert Palmer, What Burke wrote was: "Is every land­ the efforts of the court of George III to J. L. Talmon or Hannah Arendt. Insight into mark of the country to be done away with diminish Parliament's autonomy and power. the nature of the totalitarian mind, complete in favor of a. geometrical .and arithmetical Burke sa.w the cause of the American colo­ with its passion for centralization a.nd uni­ constitution?" I think Edmund Burke a.nd nists almost exactly as he saw the ca.use of formity, for rationalist extirpation of tradi­ William Raspberry would probably get a.long the English people themselves. The reel fo­ tion a.nd prejudgment, a.nd for an absolute just fine. menters Of discord in the Colonies, Burke de­ mora.ltsm tha. t would extend when necessary (Dr. Nisbet is professor of sociology at the clared, were not the Americans but such to terror, was not so easily come by in the University of California, Riverside.) "bold, improvident and visionary ministers" late 18th Century, and we owe Burke much as Grenvllle at home, all of them more for this first insight. Burke thought there was a. universe of interested in repressive and arbitrary power, SLAVE LABOR TO FEED AMERICAN the fruit of "metaphysical speculations" into difference between the French and the Ameri­ matters of finance and taxation, than in the can revolutions. And Burke was right. I PEOPLE prosperity of the Americans. Burke opposed know of no serious interpreter of either England's policy toward America and this op­ revolution today who does not emphasize position did not cease when British troops that universe of difference. The American HON. JOHN R. RARICK were dispatched to America. His great speech revolution, as Burke never ceased to declare OF LOUISIANA on Conciliation marked his unyielding effort had been in opposition to arbitrary power IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTA 'I'IVES to bring those troops back home and to stop and had been motivated by the rights be- the war against the Americans. longing to Englishmen and Americans alike. Tuesday, June 6, 1972 It ls nat different, basically, with Burke's The French Revolution, on the contrary, Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, an Ameri­ attitude toward the people of India and the was, once it reached its real na.ture, a revolu­ can industrialist has announced a $40 Irish Roman Catholics. In his impassioned tion of arbitrary power directed, in the name million deal to sell mushrooms produced indictment of Warren Hastings, governor of abstract reason and morality, to historic general of the British East India Company, rights a.nd liberties. by slave labor in Communist China to Burke said, "That the people of Asia have Far from there being a.ny significant in­ an unsuspecting American people. Re­ no laws, rights or liberty, is a doctrine that consistency between Burke's view of the portedly, another $40 million deal ls in wickedly is disseminated through this coun­ French revolution a.nd his earlier support of the making to import Red Chinese to­ try . . . I assert that their morality ls equal not merely the American colonists but also matoes. to ours . . . and I challenge the world to the Irish Ca.tholics a.nd the Indians, we find One need not expect that the American June 6, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19889 company-the Gloria Trade Co.-will la­ Ranking highest in priority was air and was getting 2 cents less per gallon than bel its product "produced by slave labor water pollution control, with 28 per cent of they g"Ot in 1919. The additional price to those polled feeling that they personally con­ the consumer was through government in Red China" to inform the American sidered this issue of most importance. Na­ consumer as to why the product will be tiona.J. defense with 11 per cent ranked fifth, taxes. Gasoline is cheaP-only the tax cheaper. behind anti-poverty programs and aid to edu­ is high. I insert a news release from a Hong cation, ea.ch with 18 per cent, and anti-crime Compare this record of the oil in­ Kong newspaper: programs with 17 per cent. dustry to the fact that food prices have [From the Star, Hongkong, May 15, 1972) We recite these statistical figures to em­ more than doubled over this same pe­ phasize the importance which the average U.S. FIRM'S $40 Mn.LION MUSHROOM DEAL riod. Lumber prices have gone up 100 citizen places on pollution, and how the percent in the last 2 years. Prices of An American businessman has negotiated campaign for environmental controls has a $US40 million deal to sell Chinese mush­ progressed in the la.st five years when more nonferrous metals have doubled in the rooms in the United States-and hopes to interest has been generated in the entire past 10 years. The average American is bring off a second deal for tomatoes alSO problem of ecology. making more as the 1919 U.S. wage aver­ worth $US40 million. It costs hundreds Of thousands of dollars aged 47 cents per hour whereas workers It is the biggest American trade break­ each year in Cook and DuPage counties to are averaging above $3 an hour today. t1trough since American firms were allowed pick up after the slobs who toss Utter out Oil supplies 44 percent of this Nation's to trade with China last year. Of ca.rs along highways. Millions of dollars energy needs and oil is in short sup­ In Hongkong today, the American business­ a.re spent throughout the nation to the same ply. We are a country that needs and man, Mr. Andy Jank, said: "We're all very end. The federal highway admin1stra.tion now excited. I've been working for a long time to is testing the feasibllity of utilizing high­ builds with power energy. We have only bring off the mushroom deal. It's a terrific way Utter and industrial waste for highway 6 percent of the world's population but thing." construction material. America uses 33 percent of the world's Mr. Jank flew to Hongkong la.st month to Since predominant forms of Utter are metal energy. begin negotiations with offi.cials of the China cans, glass, rubber tires, paper and plastic, We should take some positive steps. Resources Co. in the Bank of China Building. the research on these types for construction The first would be to reestablish an in­ He said Americans now eat several million and maintenance operations is going for­ centive depletion allowance for the oil dollars worth of Taiwan mushrooms yearly. wa.rd to determine if these mixtures can be industry. This would accentuate the de­ and would eat a lot more if Taiwan could used for bituminous concrete, energy-absorb­ supply them. ing barriers, soil stabilization, drains and velopment and exploration for more oil "We estimate we will be able to sell a 15- ditches, and for mulching or soil erosion con­ reserves in the United States. ounce can of Mainland mushrooms cheaper trol. Another constructive step would be than the 13-ounce can of Taiwan mush­ We have established in our community passage of the Murphy bill. This bill rooms," he said. centnal collection points for glass, tin cans provides guarantee of contract which His company, the Gloria Trading Com­ and paper. The idea has caught the imagina­ gives a driller the opportunity to par­ pany, has been granted exclusive rights to tion of our people with the response to ap­ ticipate with stability in oil and gas de­ sell Chinese mushrooms in the US over the peals very gratifying. next five years. Even at the state level, the ca.mpaign for velopment. recycling has brought some tangible results Oil and gas have helped build Ameri­ TOMATOES, TOO ca. With oil exploration running at half Now Mr. Jank is negotiating with the under the direction of Governor Richard B. Chinese for exclusive rights to distribute Ogilvie, who directed all state agencies under its past activity, it is urgent that we Chinese tomatoes in the US for the next five h1s jurisdiction to begin using 100 per cent emphasize exploration for the future. yea.rs-a deal he estimates would also be recycled pa.per for letterheads and envelopes. worth $US40 million. Paper costs Will be cut by $11,000 and elim­ "Chinese mushrooms and tomatoes a.re inating the embossing operation wm save probably the tastiest in the world," he said. another $5,000 annually, not a great amount OUR WORLD TODAY: OBSERVA­ Mr. Jank, who is also a director of Sino­ in the huge state budget, but enough to TIONS OF R. J. "JACK" PEEK American Engineering Associates, will return show results of the action. If Widely followed, to America next week to report on the two it would mean saving forests of trees. deals. Pollution is man-ma.de. Anti-pollution HON. DURWARD G. HALL measures have to start with each of us. If we do our share, we can save our lakes and OF MISSOURI streams, our air, and improve our own en­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES POLLUTION STARTS WITH YOU vironment. Tuesday, June 6, 1972 Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, a grass-rooted HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI Missourian concerned with his country's OF ILLINOIS GALLON OF GASOLINE TODAY'S role in international affairs has often IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BARGAIN sent his opinions and analysis of current Tuesday, June 6, 1972 policies and actions of our Government to my office. For the enlightenment of Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, na­ HON. JAMES M. COLLINS this body, and to help better understand tional interest in pollution control is cer­ OF TEXAS the feelings of the midwestern citizenry tainly to be commended, and we recog­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of this Nation, I insert the following ob­ nize that the cooperation of individuals Tuesday, June 6, 1972 servations and opinions of R. J. "Jack" as well as that of Government, business, Peek: and interest organizations is essential if Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, OUR WORLD TODAY we are to overcome water and air pollu­ most Americans have been gratified in The evening of May 9th; 1972 Will be long tion problems. the manner the oil industry has main­ remembered by the people of this nation The Suburban Life of June 1 carried tained a low price on gasoline. Over the and the other nations of the world as the a very practical editorial commentary on years they have seen the postage stamp date when one man, the President of this the subject which should benefit its read­ go from 2 cents to 8 cents which is a United States placed his entire political and 400-percent increase. private life on the line when in his message ers. I believe this merits wider review and to friend and enemies alike that the end of I insert it into the RECORD. Back in 1919, the average price re­ compromising in the Viet Nam had come The editorial follows: ceived for a barrel of crude oil was $2.50. to an abrupt end. That our so-called foreign POLLUTION STARTS WITH You At the average service station a gallon friends and allies would no longer be looked Some unlikely answers were received when of gas sold for 27 cents. And at that upon With favor in supplying our adversaries a nationWide poll was taken recently to deter­ time, there was no direct nwtor fuel tax with any supplies which would extend and mine what federal government activities were added. prolong the present confiict. most important and how they rated in prior­ In 1971-52 years later-the price on In a final analysis these suppliers by their ity among those questioned. a barrel of crude oil had only risen to actions have become accessories and ac­ The replles were surprising as the poll was $3. A gallon of gasoline in 1971 yielded complices to the crime of murder and de­ taken by the Opinion Research Corp., an in­ struction being carried out by the Viet Cong! ternational survey organization commis­ an average service station price of about To rid the danger of a poisonous reptile you sioned by the American Security Council 25.5 cents. To this, in 1971, was added sever the head instead of severing the tall whose concern was prima.rily on our military approximately 12 ~ cents per gallon for which should have been the procedure some stance, and six of the seven questions dealt direct U.S. and state tax. In plain lan­ seven yea.rs ago which would have saved with our military policies. guage, this means that a service station thousands of lives and billions in funds. We 19890 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 6, 1972 may as well prepare ourselves for the da.mna­ I see in the methods the Commission tory organization for violations of the tion and recriminations from the outside uses in attempting to implement its de­ rules of that organization until the world opinion for the action which is to be sire for additional authority. taken in using our military to shut off the Commission has: first, notified the self­ fiow of outside mllita.ry aid. Portions of the bill provide for SEC re­ reguiatory organization of the alleged Certainly there wm be a freeze up in view of disciplinary actions taken by violation and the Commission's inten­ diplomatic relations between the two major stock exchanges and national securities tion to institute a proceeding based on powers, Russia and China but then there associations-which I shall refer to col­ it and, second, has given the self-regu­ has never been a complete "thaw" and lectively as "self-regulatory organiza­ latory organization a reasonable time in neither will there be. Certainly too, there tions"-against their members. The pro­ which to compel compliance by its mem­ wm be a diplomatic confrontation between cedure devised by the Commission is Russia. but a. military showdown, never. First, ber with its rule. both Russia. and this nation realizes that analogous to a yoyo-the action of the The public interest often requires both have the nuclear potential power to self-regulatory organization is sent up to prompt action on the part of the Com­ bring instant destruction to one another the Commi~ion for review, which sends mission and the procedural barriers set and others almost completely. China while it back down to the self-regulatory or­ forth in this bill would seem to prevent having developed the bomb is not nearly ad­ ganization if it does not agree with the such prompt action on the part of the vanced enough to effectively use it as on sanctions imposed, which reconsiders and Commission. The better procedure, "! either the U.S. or her other enemy, Russia. sends the matter back up to the Commis­ Furthermore China herself while having believe, would be to delete these provi­ a tremendous backlog of expendable man­ sion for a second review. sions from the bill and leave it to the power she does not have the capability of I see little reason for such a procedure, Commission to determine on a case-by­ producing the necessary military equipment which appears to me to be discipline by case basis whether the public interest for an expeditionary force of the size nec­ negotiation. In SEC administrative pro­ requires prompt action by the Commis­ essary for such a war. With the suspicion ceedings brought initially before an in­ sion or whether there is sUfficient time and distrust between the two nations both dependent hearing examiner, the agency to allow the self-regulatory organization are busily concentrating on keeping the large has the power to review the examiner's to act upon the matter itself. border forces militarily equipped. decision and to affirm, increase, or de­ Neither Russia or the Chinese have any I note further that the bill allows the military troops in North Viet Nam neither crease the sanctions imposed. It would Commission to institute administrative will they make this commitment. Russia has seem appropriate to apply this procedure proceedings for violations of rules of never expended their military forces to any to review of disciplinary proceedings of self-regulatory organizations but does extent in any war being content to merely self-regulatory organizations, and indeed not allow the Commission to bring civil furnish the equipment for others to use. such a procedure has been proposed in a injunctive actions in the Federal courts In the Cuban missile crisis Russia proved different context in section 17A(g) (2) of for violations of such rules nor to refer their reluctance to face another world power H.R. 14826, which relates to the SEC's such violations to the Department of militarily equipped by moving out the mis­ authority over clearing corporations de­ siles when we faced up to them with our Justice for appropriate criminal prosecu­ sea and air power. positories and transfer agents. tion. I understand that one of the quick­ If those who have criticized this admin­ Various sections of the bill would est ways for the Commission to act is istration regarding the return of our pris­ change existing law by allowing the Com­ through an injunctive action with an at­ oners of war will recall, the enemy has never, mission to take certain actions with re­ tendant request for a temporary restrain­ made any fl.rm commitment or guarantee spect to proposed or existing rules of self­ ing order. I suggest that the public in­ that our prisoners would all be set free but regulatory organizations by Commission terest may require an amendment to the only discussed this issue in general mean­ rule rather than by order. These changes ingless terms. bill to give the Commission this author­ In viewing the whole seven years of this wouid give the agency greater flexibility ity. conflict the enemy has proven themselves in its activities. On the other hand, it At the time the SEC was asked to draft incapable of showing any mercy or com­ would remove such activities from the ju­ legislation implementing its unsafe and passion for military personnel or the civilian dicial review provisions of the Securities unsound report, it was requested that the population. Exchange Act of 1934 and place such re­ Commission include in its bill a provi­ The only question now which bears con­ view under the provisions of the Admin­ sideration is do we have the necessary mill­ istrative Procedure Act, which, I am sion which would require that proposed tary power, the mmtary equipment to carry informed, differ from the Exchange Act rules of self-regulatory organizations out the action clearly and firmly stated by would be released for public comment the President in his May 9th; address to the with respect to forum and burden of before any action was taken on them by nation. Evidently he and his advisers feel proof. Very careful attention will have to the Commission. The SEC has chosen sure that we do have. be paid to these provisions in any delib­ not to include such a provision in its bill. Right or wrong no one can or will deny erations of this bill. I feel strongly that any legislation in­ that no man in history has ever disregarded The bill allows the Commission to volving rulemaking by self-regulatory self, family and friends by honestly stating take certain actions with respect to rules his convictions and decisions. organizations must provide that any and violation of rules of self-regulatory changes in rules of such organizations organizations, with the exception of rules must be accompanied with and only after "concerned solely with internal manage­ public participation. Self-regulatory or­ SELF-REGULATION IN THE ment or procedures as between [the self­ ganizations should be required to sub­ SECURITIES INDUSTRY regulatory organization] and its mem­ mit proposed rule changes to the SEC bers which does not substantially affect well in advance. These proposals should the public interest or the interest of then be made public. The public should HON. JOHN E. MOSS investors." be given an opportunity to comment. In OF CALIFORNIA This exception appears to cause more short, proposed rules of self-regulatory IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES problems than it solves. What is a rule organizations should, as a general rule, "concerned solely with internal manage­ Tuesday, June 6, 1972 be treated no differently than proposed ment or procedures?" Who makes the rules of the Commission itself. Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, in the Securi­ determination? What if the Commis­ Mr. Speaker, I have set forth in some ties and Exchange Commission's Study sion and the self-regulatory agency dis­ detail the problems I have with the Com­ of Unsafe and Unsound Practices of agree-must this matter first be litigated mission's bill in the hope that interested Brokers and Dealers, filed with the Con­ before the Commission may act? If not, members of the investing public, the or- gress on December 28, 1971, the SEC re- may Commission action subsequently be ganized bar, and the securities industry quested additional legislative authority in overturned if a court should decide that will give these matters close attention certain areas in order to perform more the rule does in fact fall within the pro­ effectively the regulatory duties assigned scribed area? and transmit any comments they may to it by the Congress. At that time I ex­ Similar questions could be raised with have to the Subcommittee on Commerce pre~ed my support for the agency's re­ respect to the second part of the exemp­ and Finance. When the Congress grants quest, and asked it to draft implementing tion concerning substantial effect on the the Commission increased regulatory au­ legislation. The Commission recently pre­ public. I would be inclined to remove the thority in this area, which I believe we pared such a bill which was introduced exception from the bill. must do, such legislation should be clear, as H.R. 15303 at the agency's request. The bill prohibits the Commission concise, direct, and sufficient to allow In reviewing the Commission's bill, I from instituting administrative proceed­ the Commission to perform the duties feel compelled to note some difficulties ings against a member of a self-regula- Congress has set for it. June 6, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19891 WASHINGTON NEWS NOTES the North Vietnamese also are reading the taught us more about the individual parts of polls. society and greatly obscured the total view. IT FIGURES, DOESN'T IT? We act too often as specialists, not gen­ HON. CRAIG HOSMER The National Commission on Consumer Fi­ eralists. Experts in detail, we shun a broad OF CALIFORNIA nance has overspent its budget and has asked approach. We cannot make our way through Congress for an additional $500,000 on top of the contemporary world if we abdicate our IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the original $1.5 mlllion appropriation. It's personal and collective lives to experts alone. Tuesday, June 6, 1972 final report also will be six months late. We must all contribute to the solution of society's problems. Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, I include VIVA VOLUNTEERS In approaching these problems, experts in the RECORD at this point the text of my The National Volunteer Awards for 1972 and lay people alike must bring to them in­ monthly Washington News Notes bul­ wlll be selected from entries across the nation tellectual, rigor. Yet intellect is not enough. letin: for $5000 prizes for groups and individuals It must be tempered with humaneness. Both who have done outstanding jobs in volunteer reason and passion are needed to resolve CONGRESSMAN CRAIG HOSMER'S WASHINGTON programs. If you know of any individual or these issues. Like Martin Luther King, each NEWS NOTES group deserving of consideration, send your of us must have a dream. In a world of A LOOK AT THE SALT TREATY nomination to: National Center for Volun­ many people and many ideas, it must be a From Congressman Hosmer's viewpoint, tary Action, 1735 Eye St., N.W., Washington, dream which admits of the aspirations or the strategic arms limitation arrangement D.C. 20007. Deadline is July 15, 1972. Nomi­ others as well as our own. We cannot realize negotiated by President Nixon and Premier nation forms also are available from that our dreams if others cannot realize theirs. Brezhnev adequately protects the national address. Fundmental to our times is this quest tor security of the U.S. As a Congressional arms ONE STEP CLOSER ON WILDLIFE REFUGE human rights which is our common bond. control expert who fought ferociously for By the time you read this the House will We must be active in this joint quest. Thus Non-Proliferation Treaty safeguards. Hosmer have passed Congressman Hosmer's bill to it is not sufficient for us inactively to refrain sees "no major problems" with the SALT create a National Wildlife Refuge at Seal from improper discrimination, but rather ABM Treaty and parallel Interim Agreement Beach. The vote was scheduled for Monday, we must act affirmatively to assure these on offesive missiles. June 5, and Hosmer was looking for over­ rights among the sexes, the races, and the The U.S. and U.S.S.R. see it to be in their whelming House support. The bill now goes ethnic and religious groups of our world. security and economic self-interest to re­ to the Senate. Your Ufe will require more than expert­ main mutually deterred by nuclear su11lci­ ness, more than intellect, and more than ency. The concept of U.S. nuclear superiority THOUGHTS FOR FLAG DAY 1972 passiveness. I hope that somewhere in this went out the window with the massive Soviet June 14 is Flag Day, and in these days of University you have gained perspective as arms build-up of the 1960's. This could not patriotic cynicism, Congressman Hosmer says well as knowledge, you have gained under­ have been stopped short of a pre-emptive war it is important that all Americans make a standing as well as competence, and you or a staggeringly expensive build-up of our special effort to honor our national colors. have gained commitment as well as con­ own. Henry Ward Beecher put it rather well viction. If this is so, then we have done In his decision, the President added up when he said: "A thoughtful mind, when it more than add to your knowledge, we have the cost of the treaty against the high cost sees a nation's fiag, sees not the fiag but the also added to your life. of doing nothing toward arms control. In nation itself. And whatever may be its sym­ order to keep things from getting lopsided, bols, its insignia, he reads chiefly in the flag, Congress will have to support the President's the government, the principles, the truths, request for R&D on the TRIDENT submarine the history that belong to the nation that PROJECT SER-MANDATE FOR program, the B-1 bomber and other improved sets it forth." LOCAL PARTICIPATION strategic systems. HOSMER AVAILABLE FOR SPEAKING DATES, AUGUST 20 TO SEPTEMBER 3 HON. HENRY B. GONZALEZ BOYD URGES GENERALIST Congresman Craig Hosmer will be home OF TEXAS 1n the 32d District during the August Con­ APPROACH gressional recess. He will be available for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES talks, meetings and social eveillts with local Tuesday, June 6, 1972 organizations during the period of August 20 HON. FRED SCHWENGEL through September 3. Requests should be OF IOWA Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, with sent in writing to Craig at 2217 Rayburn three bills in the House and two in the Bldg., Washington, D. C. 20515. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Senate dealing with the future man­ ON HEALTH INSURANCE Tuesday, June 6, 1972 power one question comes to mind. How A lot of heat but not much light is being Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, on will new manpower legislation aft'ect generated about public health care. Some Friday morning, May 26, 1972, Willard catagorical delivery systems? election-year proposals would have Uncle L. Boyd, president, the University of I particularly make reference to Sam become the family doctor and pay all the Iowa, delivered the charge to the spring America's second largest minority. With bills. Says HEW Secretary Elliot Richardson: the Spanish-speaking population esti­ "When there is a fiood in this country and graduates of the university. President its victims are left shoeless, the Red Cross Boyd emphasized the need for main­ mated at 11 million-I call my colleagues does not send a pair of shoes to everyone in taining a generalist point of view in ap­ attention to ."Jobs for Progress, Incorpo­ the country to insure that those in need get proaching new problems in our special­ ration," the only national manpower de­ shod." There a.re gaps in our present health ist-oriented society. The text of Presi­ livery system for the Spanish speaking. care system. But our national objective dent Boyd's address is as follows: Popularly known as SER, an acronym should be to take care of those in need with­ CHARGE TO THE GRADUATES for, "service, employment, redevelop­ out breaking the Treasury and imposing the ment," this organization has a 6-year heavy hand of Federalization on all our (By President Willard L. Boyd) history of service to its people. Sponsored health programs. Each of you has been certified by the by the two largest Mexican-American or­ HOSMER NAMED NUCLEAR MEETING CHAmMAN faculty of the college in which you have been enrolled as being proficient in certain ganizations, the American GI Forum and Because of his "long and distinguished the League of United Latin American career as one of the outstanding Congres­ areas of knowledge. Each of you, however, sional experts on atomic energy," the re­ has received your degree from the University Citizens-LULAC. SER stands as a spected American Nuclear Society has se­ of Iowa. This University-wide degree sym­ monument to the determination of an lected Congressman Hosmer as Honorary bolizes our hope that your education at ethnic group striving to fully assimilate Chairman of its 18th annual meeting this Iowa has transcended narrow disciplinary into the mainstream of American life. month in Las Vegas. More than 2000 of the boundaries. In the spring of 1965, job placement top nuclear scientists from the U.S. and It is not enough for this University to certify your expertness, for expertness is in­ centers for the Spanish speaking were around the world will be participating in the operated in Houston and Corpus Christi, five-day meeting. adequate for these times. Specialization is a narrowing process; it causes us to back oft' by the League of United Latin American SUPPORTING THE PRESIDENT ON VIETNAM from the broader issues about which we know Citizens-LULAC. Under the banner of More than 100,000 Americans have sent let­ less than we do of our specialty. We need to "Jobs for Progress,'' the centers were ters and telegrams to the White House giving be generalists as well as specialists. An edu­ funded and staffed exclusively by Span- their views on the President's decisive move cated person must be able to put her or his to block the flow of war materiel to North ish-speaking volunteers. They did more share of knowledge into a worthwhile whole. in Vietnam. The White House reports that the It ls painfully obvious that, despite all our for the Mexican American their short mall ~ is stm running 4-to-1 in favor of the new knowledge and all the experts we have existence than permanent public agen­ U.S. action. All of the initial public opinion prepared, we have not solved the complex cies had been able to accomplish over the polls also showed between 60 % and 76 % sup­ problems of society. The sad truth of the years. port from the American people. Let's hope knowledge explosion is that it has only Based on the lessons learned, the two 19892 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 6, 1972 national organizations, LULAC and the for the Spanish speaking. SER is now But circumstances such as the status of American GI Forum, joined to form in the Northern and Midwestern States, the job market, availability of training "Jobs for Progress, Inc." "to" eliminate providing services to the disadvantaged programs, or the enrollees capabilities poverty in the Southwest with special at­ in cities such as: Chicago, Detroit, To­ not meeting the job requirements make tention to culturally different. The large­ peka and is scheduled to expand to 20 100-percent success extremely difficult. scale program to tap the manpower re­ more cities including the northeast by The average starting wage for SER sources of the Spanish-speaking com­ the middle of next year. Now with a placements is $2.49 per hour, well above munity was given the name "to be" in larger national office, 31 locals, with a the Federal minimum wage of $1.60 per Spanish-Operation SER. liaison office in Washington, whose sta1l' hour. This is a strong indication of the THE TWO PARENT ORGANIZATIONS frequently communicates with many of type of upgrading the SER enrollee is The American GI Forum is a veterans our offices, have worked as a national experiencing. family organization founded in 1948 in organization with a record of vast ac­ COST Corpus Christi, Tex., by Dr. Hector P. complishments and successes. One of the notable achievements of Garcia for the purpose of abolishing dis­ PERFORMANCE RESULTS the SER program is the cost-per-enrol­ crimin~tion practices against returning During the 6-month period being ap­ lee figure of $1,971. This compares very World War II Mexican-American veter­ praised, SER has served a total of 2,398 favorably with other major manpawer ans. The Forum since ha.s broadened the people. Of this number 1,390 have been programs which are experiencing costs­ scope of its objectives to include a pro­ trained and 1,144 have been placed in per-placement in excess of $4,000 to $6,- gram of improvement of the social, eco­ meaningful jobs. The remainder is cur­ 000. This low figure indicates that SER nomic and political conditions of the rently in training. In addition, local SER is operating with great efficiency and Mexic~n-American community. The or­ projects are now operating at 96-percent economy, while providing quality serv­ ganization has among its objectives: capacity, and enrollments for the report­ ices. Leadership development, intergroup un­ ing period are 94-percent of the planned With all bills involving the concept of derstanding, preservation of basic prin­ enrollment goal. These figures indicate decentralization, placing policy, plan­ ciples of democracy, veterans' rights, the careful and effective planning that ning, and administration in the hands nondiscrimination, education, youth mo­ took place prior to implementation of of State and local government, certain tivation. the programs. safeguards must be included in whatever legislation affecting manpower is ulti­ The League of United Latin Ameri­ ENROLLEE PROFILE can Citizens was founded in 1929 in, mately passed. Safeguards that insure The following enrollee profile illus­ that on the local level SER continues to Corpus Christi, Tex. by the merger of trates that SER is serving those in need. three Mexican-American organizations. be given the opportunity to deliver man­ SER enrollees come from broad cross­ power services to the disadvantaged. LULAC was founded at a time when sections of the target pcpulation and American citizens of Mexican ancestry A mandate, not a request, not a sug­ provide evidence that SER is serving the gestion, but a mandate for local and were the victims of a very high degree of community. The following statistics were discrimination. The league was formed State manpower organizations, such as gathered from 16 projects which were in the employment services to subcontract for the purpose of eliminating the seg­ operation at the beginning of the pro­ regation of Mexican-Americans and ele­ to SER, delivery of manpawer services gram year in September 1971: that are aimed at assisting the Spanish vating their social, economie and educa­ Ninety-three percent of the enrollees tional status. LULAC led the legal battles speaking, would be a safeguard. are Spanish speaking. To my many farsighted colleagues who which have eliminated overt segregation Seventy-four percent are heads of of Mexican-Americaru; in public schools, have for a lifetime been proponents of households. equality and the rights to self-help, I public facilities, and public employment; Fifty-four percent are male. and it was LULAC who initiated and fi­ urge that such a mandate be a part of Forty-six percent are high school the 1972 comprehensive manpower leg­ nanced the court battles that led to the dropouts. U.S. Supreme Court decision which de­ islation. That whatever version of what­ Twelve percent are junior high and ever bill, have a provision for the na­ clared unconstitutional the then prev­ elementary school dropouts. alent practice in Texas, of omitting tional talents, experience, and work of Twelve percent are monolingual. SER to continue on the local level as a American citizens of Mexican descent PLACEMENTS from service in grand and petit juries. At named subcontractor of manpawer serv­ present, LULAC members are very much Ninety-five percent of the planned ices. involved in eliminating the more subtle, number of placements anticipated at the covert, segregation that now operates beginning of the program year has been to hinder the socioeconomic progress of accomplished. This figure represents ex­ AN AMENDMENT TO H.R. 15259 BY the Mexican-Americans in Southwestern cellent planning on the part of the local MR. REUSS United States, and in e>perating a vast project directors and their staff. Eighty­ system of scholarship assistance from nine percent of the people served have school boards and public colleges indif­ been placed on meaningful jobs after HON. HENRY S. REUSS leaving the program. More importantly, OF WISCONSIN ferent to their problems. 91 percent of SER placements are still Operation SER as of January 1970 was on the job 3 months after being placed. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in operation in 23 projects. The national Tuesday, June 6, 1972 headquarters in Los Angeles was coordi­ Many positive factors account for this encouraging fact: Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, the follow­ nating the a ~tivities of 5 State offices and The quality of the training services 23 local offi ~es . Skills banks have regis­ ing is the text of an amendment which tered over 60,000 Mexican-Americans provided is exceptional. I intend to offer to H.R. 15259, the 1973 Counselors and other staff members District of Columbia Appropriations Act, throughout 5 southwestern States. More are instilling a high degree of motivation than 14,000 persons have been placed in to restore the administration's original in the enrollee. request for $35,000 to construct a bicycle nontraditional employment using bilin­ SER is soliciting and gaining mean­ gual approach to motivation and train­ route network: ingful support from local employers. AMENDMENT TO H.R. 15259, AS REPORTED ing of participants. SER is working not only for immediate OFFERED BY MR. REUSS Work orientation training conducted placement but also long-term gainful Page 9, strike out lines 10 through 13, and by operation SER ha.s produced a marked employment. insert 1n lieu thereof the following: increase in language competence and NATURE OF PLACEMENTS available until expended, $131,429,000, of overall employability of the participants. An impressive HW-percent of SER which $2,420,000 shall be payable from the SER work orientation centers now of­ placements have been in semiskilled, water fund, $1,760,000 from the sanitary fer a comprehensive range of innovative skilled, or high-skilled occupations. sewage works fund, and $12,262,700 from the training and related manpower services. highway fund: Provided, That -of the funds Ninety-two percent of those placements payable from the highway fund $35,000 shall On the eve of a new fiscal year SER is were in the enrollee's chosen field of in­ be available for the construction of a bicycle literally and figuratively on the map as terest. For obvious reasons, SER is striv­ route network 1n the District of Columbia: the national manpower delivery vehicle ing to place people on jobs they desire. Provided further, $4,323,000 shall be June 6, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19893 OF CABBAGES AND KINGS an of these traits, and would point out that thousands of teachers and made higher edu­ all of us would do well to possess them for as cation a real possibility for anyon'e who had long as we can. Certainly without youth and the pluck to acquire it; its power we would have no future and very They survived history's greatest depres­ HON. WILLIAM L. DICKINSON little present. But it does seem that we sion, learning first-hand what it means to OF ALABAMA should stop long enough to put things back be hungry and cold. Because of this, they determined it would not happen to us and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in proper balance-the balance and order which evidently the Creator intended from it has not. The contrary is true: We have a Tuesday. June 6. 1972 the beginning and which held up for a sur­ better life, a warm home, wholesome food, prisingly long time. and, in short, more than the necessities of Mr. DICKINSON. Mr. Speaker, I would First, consider the claim that fifty percent life. like to share with the other Members of of our population are under twenty-five. This All this to say nothing of spectacular the House a speech recently delivered by proclamation, fact as it is, is supposed to advances in technology and science. But the Dr. William J. Cook, Jr., of Montgomery, foster at least equal voice in government, a.mazing thing is that in all this-in war, in Ala., to the annual convention of the society, or whatever. Yet somehow it always economic miracles, in scientific prowess-­ Alabama Education Association. Dr. comes out as a demand for the majority vote. they were able to remain humanitarian, to Cook is professor of English and chair­ Unfortunately, many of us failed math. (I always find the golden mean between jus­ must admit that here the youngsters have tice and mercy, accomplishment and humil­ man of the English department at Au­ pulled the wool over the eyes of their elders-­ ity. burn University at Montgomery, and is in this case they are assuredly quicker, In view of all this, I think I would say to associate minister of the Carriage Hills smarter.) But the most that can be said in the present younger generation: "You should Church of Christ in Montgomery. favor of this argument is that it ls an excel­ do so well." Dr. Cook makes some interesting ob­ lent example of free-wheeling illogic. The third and final point for considera­ servations about our Nation and our It is true that fifty percent of Americans tion is the axiom that "youth ever supplants heritage, and we would do well to heed are under twenty-five. But approximately old age." That this is true cannot success­ fifty percent of these are under fourteen, and fully be denied. But it must be remembered his advice. I am pleased to include Dr. one-half of those under fourteen are under that historically when youth supplants age, Cook's speech in the RECORD with my nine. The last two categories are generally it is no longer youth-it ttself has aged. This remarks: thought to be incompetent in national, even is the natural order, the logical order. And, OF CABBAGES AND KINGS family affairs. Yet this is supposed to be the I suspect, the Godly order. (By Dr. Wllliam J. Cook, Jr.) basis of fact supporting a demand for equal No more terrible plight can befall a people Somehow, all among us, pervading and or superior authority. than to be led by youth. Isaiah, a man to this threatening to control our lives and per­ But suppose the entire fifty percent of the day respected by some, in describing the haps even our destiny, there has developed population under twenty-five were between, woes with which the nation of Israel was a fanatical adoration for youth. say, eighteen and twenty-five. The argument about to be cursed, said: (Isaiah 3: 1-5): Catchwords such as "youth power," "youth would be more plausible, but not by much. "For, behold, the Lord, the Lord of hosts, rebellion," "youth leadership,'' make up not It is still a fact that people in this age brack­ doth take away from Jerusalem and from only a significant part of our conversation, et are adolescents: adults in body and intel­ Judah the stay and the staff, the whole stay but also a considerable part of our thinking. lect, perhaps; but children in temperament of bread, and the whole stay of water, It is more than merely the proverbial quest and discretion; generally not capable of look­ "The mighty man, and the man of war, for the fountain of youth-although some ing after their own best interests; quite obvi­ the judge, and the prophet, and the pru­ older folk do make fools of themselves by ously in need of leadership and direction. dent, and the ancient, identifying with youth, vicariously or actual­ This statistic waved so arrogantly before "The captain of fifty, and the honorable ly. Witness: the fifty-year-old grandmother the advancing horde means only one thing: man, and the counsellor, and the cunning in a mini-skirt; the paunchy middle-age that the.re are more people now than ever artificer, and the eloquent orator. executive with bangs and shoulder-length before who need looking after-and sadly "And I will give children to be their locks; Bobby Darren; and government lead­ enough, more now than ever before who are princes, and babes shall rule over them. ers who pamper and coddle youngsters. not being looked after. "And the people shall be oppressed, every But all the rest of us are influenced more Second, there is the claim that the over­ one by another, and every one by his neigh­ than we ought to be by youth, maybe more forty group--partlcule.rly those over sixty­ bour: the child shall behave himself proud­ than we know. Consider our contemporary have so fouled the world that it can never be ly against the ancient, and the base against styles of dress; our music; recreation. Most right again. Some believe that the only solu­ the honourable." advertising now is aimed either at youth or tion is to tear down and build. Unfortu­ That the elders rule and exercise authority people who think they are-or wish they nately, many have no immediate plans to is an eternal and universal truth built in­ were-young. In schools and universities, the build. But I must say that these extremists extricably into the universe. Even in the most important thing has become not aca­ are in the minority. Animal Kingdom, there are fathers and Government studies indicate that the ma­ fledglings. And it's not so much a matter of demics but getting along with the students. jority of adolescents prefer, and would de­ Some schools allow and even encourage the chronology or longevity; it is a matter of ex­ fend, democracy-but only in the ideal. perience and consequent wisdom and under­ students to establish their own curriculum, Here Hes the problem. Perhaps the single make their own rules--stated bluntly, to call standing. It is the logical, natural order. mo.st essentlal ingredient in social reform But somehow this logical order bas suffered all shots. All universities, in our state at is patience. But that just happens to be the least, now have a youngster on the Board of a momentary collapse. And I suspect that one virtue most markedly absent in ado­ many of us older folks are responsible for it: Trustees. I am reluctant even to parody that. lescence. The time may come in which there will be (1) We are responsible for the lack of faith an entire youth administration and faculty The two or three generations preceding the in people in influential and leadership posi­ right alongside the legitimate administration present under twenty-five group did not d<> tions; (2) We are guilty of relieved capitu­ and faculty. Even the church, always the la.st so bad: lation to the vagabond forces of the young; bastion of hope and order, has not escaped They increased our life expectancy by (3) we are victims as well as instigators of the onslaught of youth: "youth forums," about fifty percent; the general Zack of morality and ethics, pri­ "youth programs," "youth ministers," and, Because of them we no longer have to vate and public. When I say "we" are respon­ ridiculously enough, "youth elders" all have fear epidemics-typhus, diphtheria , small sible, I mean the home, the church, the gov­ their place in our modern ecclesiastical dis­ pox, scarlet fever, and the like; ernment; professionals, businessmen, civic order. Because they were materialistic, we will leaders, and especially educators-the an­ The reasons for the revival or resurgence work fewer hours, learn more, have more nounced moulders of society (or is it "mold­ of youth, according to proponents, are three: leisure now, travel to more distant places, ers"?). ( 1) at present fifty percent of the population and have more of a chance to follow our life's As I see it, all of these agencies--par­ 13 under twenty-five :;ears oid and ought, ambition; ticularly we educators--are involved in one therefore, to have fifty percent of the say-so; They fought man's grisliest war. And when way or another and are considerably to (2) Age is obviously lrresponsiblA or incom­ the tyranny of Hitler was defeated, they had blame for hippies, yippies, neo-nazis, or petent since the past two or three generations the compassion to spend billions to help their whatever-in short, all the groups we talk have gotten us hopelessly lost on our journey former enemies rebuild their homeland; about with curiosity and fear. to happiness and well-being; (S) It is axio­ They fought racial discrlmln~tion at every I can tell you why. At least three reasons. matic (as well as a natural fact) that youth turn to usher in a new era in civil rights in First, simply because of personal and profes­ ever supplants old age-because youth is 1954; . sional irresponsibility. We have wavered in quicker, smarter, and beUter. They made a start in healing the sea.rs our convlctlon of right and wrong. For in­ I want here to examine these reasons, to of the earth and in fighting pollution and stance, unsure of our own morality, we have test the validity of each and logical the con­ the destruction of our na.turai resources (the tolerated and even condoned criminal activ­ clusions that follow them. I do not intend to word then was "conservation" not "ecol­ ity--even on the part of high state officia.ls­ demean youth-its vigor, intelligence, com­ ogy"); Without raising an audible voice in protest passion, idealism, freshness. In fact, I admire They built thousands of schools, trained or outrage. Pope said something like this: 19894 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 6, 1972 Vice is a monster of such frightful mien, The first is that we restore moral order vestment and, as a direct result our lack That to be hated needs but to be seen; and conviction to our personal and profes­ of capital growt h , are suffering an extremely But seen too often familiar with her face, sional lives. low increase in our rate of productivity. In We first endure, then pity, then embrace. The second ls that we accept responsibility fact, our increase is the lowest of any of cheerfully but that we do not seek it vainly. t h e major indust rial nations over the last We are dangerously near the hugging stage The third is t hat we continuously reach five years. in our courtship With crime. If you think for perfection in all things. Of the four basic trading commodities­ our bland tolerance of wrong-doing is not Fourth, we should follow only good lead­ agricultural products, raw materials, low having its effect on youngsters, you're wrong. ers, thooe whose professional abilit y and technology it ems, and technology-intensive Tolerance is a good thing; but tolerance of moral code are of absolutely the highest products-the only area in which we con­ the wrong things can get you in trouble. calibre. sistly have m aint ained a suostantial trade Also, all of us, even those in leadership Fifth, we should be courageous-not afraid surplus is the h igh-technology category. Now position, seem to lack enough moral convic­ to try, of things new or old, of others, of we are being confronted with increasingly ag­ tion to take a positive stand on anything­ success, of failure, of truth. gressive and effective competition in the to say "no" and mean it. But ultimately An old French proverb says: If youth but technology-intensive product area as well. someone has to say "this is right and this ls had the knowledge; if age but had the pow­ Although we have shown a surplus on wrong" and mean it. It was indeed a sad day er. Our nation has unparalleled power in the order of $9 billion annually in this cate­ when we were conned into believing that knowledge and energy. By adherence to these gory, and the growth rate of exports of such nothing mattered in a world without any few suggestions, it seems to me that we could products averaged ten percent a year during absolute values. merge the knowledge of the aged with the the 1960's (reaching a high of $22.6 billion We have so concerned ourselves about energy of the young toward the mutual bene­ in 1970), imports of technology-intensive treating people justly and fairly, that we fit of both. products have increased at a much higher have forgotten to treat "truth and right" rate (24 percent annually), jumping from $3 with justice-even respect. billion in 1964 to $13 billion in 1970. Second, we are responsible because we, of Furthermore, within the technology-inten­ all people, have lost the ideal-the notion of HIGH TECHNOLOGY IN THE sive field, the aerospace industry is under­ perfection-the pursuit of excellence. We GOVERNMENT going critical changes that a.re producing have become satisfied members of the cult of mediocrity. As a boy near Sand Mountain, effects felt throughout the U.S. economy. It I used to hear the expressions "a lick and has entered a period requiring major read­ a promise" or " a hit and miss"-indicating HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE justment to changing conditions, priorities, then rather jokingly that a job was not OF TEXAS and markets. In considering the relationship of the aerospace industry to the total econ­ done very well. I have lived to see the day in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which people do not laugh about that-it is omy, it is clear that the industry's problems a seriously guarded reality. A friend of mine, Tuesday, June 6, 1972 constitute an economic and historic phe­ the young mayor of Luverne, told of tak­ nomenon of the first magnitude rather than Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, an ephemeral annoyance, the effects of which ing his child to see the new addition to the Mr. Karl G. Harr, Jr., president of Aero­ original Methodist Church building which will subside as soon as the current economic was built some fifty years ago. He asked the space Industries Association of America, uncertainties are clarified. boy to compare the struct ures. The ten-year Inc., recently published an article in the The current situation and the outlook for old noticed immediately that the new portion April 1972 issue of Professional Engi­ the immediate future appear bleak, and if was aesthetically unattractive and already neer. Mr. Harr in his thoughtful article unchecked, this trend will result in a severe cracking and crumbling; he was impressed points to the need of some form of co­ loss to the nation's output. In both tangible with the beauty and solidity of the older operative endeavors between Govern­ and intangible ways, the industry's prob­ structure. His dad explained the difference: lems have broad implications at both the ment and industry to maintain sufficient Federal and local levels. "The old one was built with pride and pur­ to pose." research and development assure that Therefore, acts and decisions which will How many people work because they like high technology products are developed affect the future role of this economic force it? How m.any have combined avocation and and competitive in the world market­ in national affairs, determining whether the vocation? I suspect that even some of you place. Because of the importance of Mr. industry continues to contribute at its fullest are teaching to pay for a color TV, or auto­ Harr's comments I am including them capacity to the economic well-being of the na.tion or declines to the point where its mobile, or something less noble than the in the RECORD for the benefit of my col­ teaching profession and the students deserve. leagues and the general public: potential cannot be realized, must be based Let me put it simply: If that is your pur­ on an accurate perspective. pose in teaching, do the world a favor and HIGH TECHNOLOGY IN THE GOVERNMENT The effect of changes in world trading pat­ get out. (By Karl G. Harr, Jr.) terns on the transport aircraft industry Third, we are responsible because we have For many yea.rs after World War II, the demonstrate the critical relationship of the dehumanized the system. Here again we United States had the relatively easy task industry to the U.S. balance of trade. The educators--quite unfortunately-have con­ of competing with nations recovering from United States has dominated t,he world civil fused values, worshipping at the altar of the effects of that war. As we exported goods, aircraft market, producing about 80 per­ computers, fonns, administrative red tape, services, and technologies to help other na­ cent of the aircraft fiown by fret) -world and educational "experiments and studies" tions get back on their feet, our domestic commercial airlines today. In the period 1965 and have profaned the individual person. We economy rolled a.long with constantly in­ to 1970, there was an aerospace trade surplus are concerned with jobs and titles in our creasing momentum. Many of the goods sold of nearly $10 billion, of which jet transports records and reports; fight rigorous battles to abroad and most of the goods sold at home were a major part. Today signHlcar~t chal­ preserve our own balllwicks; diligently at­ bore the label "Ma.de in U.S.A." Our inter­ lenges are being mounted in WP.stern Europe tend conferences, seminars, meetings sup­ national economic policy was primarily de­ and, to a lesser extent, in Japan. Further, it posed to improve teaching skills; we build voted to the task of rebuilding the economies is possible that Russia, with such aircraft as fancy marble buildings; furnish them with of war-devastated countries so that1 those the supersonic TU-144, will -:;ucceed in its the damndest collection of mechanical governments could assume an increasing determined effort to penetrate markets we spoofery ever known to man-and forget the share of the burden of maintaining world have dominated in the past. person. peace. Figures for technology-intensive aerospace It ls now possible for a student to at­ Beginning in the 1950's, however, the pat­ exports alone, spanning ten yea.rs, are in­ tend four years of college and never see a tern of world trade began to change. Slowly teresting: teacher or anybody ot her than other student but steadily through the 1950's and 60's, our In 1961 the United States exported $28.557 waifs--until his IBM card gets accidently share of the free world market for goods and billion worth of goods and 5er7ices. Aero­ folded or crushed. services decreased until now we are at a space products accounted for $1.653 billion, I saw a cartoon the other day which serious competitive disadvantage in many or six percent, of the total. And in 1961 the epitomizes the situation. On the teacher's areas of international trade. favorable balance of trade for the U.S was podium was a tape recorder blurting out the Not until the late 1960's did we begin to $6.096 billion. lecture; on thirty student desks were thirty recognize the significance of what was taking Last year, 1971, the U.S. exported $43.555 student tape recorders, ta.king it in. I don't place, and not until even more recently did billion worth of goods, and aerospace prod­ know who gave the test. we come to accept the fact that a coherent ucts accounted for $4.196 billion, or 9.6 per­ It I were a. teenager-if you were-and had international economic strategy, with related cent, of the total. any sense or sensitivity-you would be a domestic policies, is essential to the future But in 1971 the overall U.S. balance of drop-out, an addict, a "hippie," or worse. growth of our own economy. We are in trou­ trade was an unhealthy minus $2.047 bil­ You know, I was always told not to criticize ble in terms of balance of trade, and, over lion-the first negative trade balance for this unless I had some positive solutions to of­ the short run at least, the situation is going industrial n&tion since 1888. fer. Well, I do-nothing spectacular; mere­ to get worse. We also are falling behind the In other words, over a ten-year period the ly fundamental truths as old as the hills. rest of the world significantly in capital rein- overall U.S. balance of trade declined by some June 6, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19895 $8.1 blllion, while the aerospace segment of SST (which ls totally financed by the gov­ MENTALLY ILL CHILDREN that trade increased from $1.501 billion to ernments involved) and the A-300B Airbus, $3.863 billion-a net gain of $2.362 blllion. the Dassault Mercure 2, and the VFW-614 As noted, U.S. commercial jet transports (which are receiving direct support of 85, 66, have been one of our most successful and and 80 percent, respectively, from the com­ HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON profitable export products during recent mitted governments). These programs are OF MASSACHUSETl'S years. We have dominated the free-world largely oriented toward export rather than IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES market. However, looking ahead, we can see toward the domestic markets of the countries the end of this dominance and, indeed, a involved, and all count on making major Tuesday, June 6, 1972 reversal of the picture, unless we take some inroads in the market that the U.S. hereto­ Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, one immediate actions to develop new transports fore has dominated. of the most for gotten segments of the to compete with those currently being de­ The compelling reason why these aircraft veloped abroad. We are not under immediate are being developed by our foreign competi­ American population is the mentally ill threat in the field served by wide-bodied, tors is that there are no competitive types child. long-range commercial jets-the B747, DClO, being built in the United States; nor under We do not like to think about mental LlOll-and the other medium- and long­ present circumstances does it appear likely illness, and mental illness in children is ra.nge jets that preceded them. But where are that we will be building competitive models even more unacceptable. But the fact re­ we in the development of transports larger in the near future. mains that there are about 4 million chil­ and smaller than these aircraft? There is one reason and one reason only dren under the age of 18 with behavioral We scrapped our supersonic transport air­ why U.S. manufacturers are not competing disorders of whom 1.4 million are in acute craft project, relinquishing this inevitable and that is the la.ck of adequate financial market to the British/French combine and resources. The U.S. aerospace industry stlll need of psychiatric care. Of these only to the Russians. We are woefully behind in has superior technology, the management 473,000 receive even minimal attention. developing short takeoff and landing (STOL) skills, adequate plant capacity, a highly It is time to open our eyes to the needs aircraft and an air bus to serve the majority skilled labor force, and the other essential of these children. It is time to take care of air passengers who travel only 250 w 500 ingredients for successful competition. How­ of them. miles per trip. ever, it does not have the corporate financial Judith Randal wrote an article for the The free-world jet transport market be­ resources that would be required, nor a.re May 25 Washington Star entitled "Ar­ tween 1974 and 1985 has been estimated at these monies available in the private money $148 billion, half of which will be repre­ market. The cost of long lead-time develop­ thur Bremer and Mental Health." She sented by purchases by U.S. carriers. This ment and production before an advanced points to the fact that: figure ls in current dollars and assumes a commercial aircraft can be sold in the ma.r­ The Joint Commission on Mental Health five percent annual increase in costs due to ketpl~e and can begin to return money on of Children concluded in its 1969 report that inflation and product improvement. There the initial investment is not attractive to there 1s not a single community in this coun­ a.re three general market areas-long range, individuals or 1nstit-.itions engaged in in­ try which provides an acceptable standard of including the SST; medium range, including vestment of capital. service for emotionally disturbed youth. twin engine airbuses; and short range includ­ Clearly some form or forms of cooperative ing vertical and short takeoff and landing endeavor between Government and industry What has been the response of the aircraft. will be required to maintain the R&D level Federal Government to this problem? An I! the U.S. decided to be competitive in all needed to develop and improve our high appropriation of only $10 million for fis­ three categories, it ls estimated that it would technology products and keep them competi­ cal year 1972 and no money at all for the capture 90 percent of the long-range market, tive in the world marketplace. first 2 years President Nixon was in of­ 80 percent of the medium-range market, and The United States no longer is an unchal­ fice. The same $10 million appropriation 70 percent of the short-range market. I! the lenged industrial giant whose great natural is called for next year-no increase at all. U.S. does not compete, the potential loss of resources and leadership in the development And of that $10 million all but $2 million business has been estimated at $77 blllion. and exploitation of materials, products, and This translates into 1,479,000 man-years of processes renders it preeminent in high­ will be needed for continuing a few pro­ lost employment, a $29.6 blllion loss in pay­ technology areas. There ls no panacea for grams in existence now. It seems a rolls, and the loss of nearly $10.6 billlon in the correction of current deficiencies in our strange priority to spend an extra $5 bil­ Federal income taxes. international economic position or for the lion on the escalation of the Vietnam war The impact on the aircraft balance of trade reversal of the deteriorating trend in our but only $10 million to help some very is equally drastic. By 1976 the positive bal­ balance of trade. Instead, high-priority, mul­ sick children. ance we now enjoy in aerospace exports will tifaceted cooperative effort by the Govern­ The article follows: become negative, and in 1985 the negative ment-both the legislative and executive balance will be an estimated $4.5 billton. branches-and by industry, labor, the finan­ ARTHUR BREMER AND MENTAL HEALTH The cumulative negative balance of trade in cial community, and the publlc will be re­ (By Judith Randal) aerospace products during the period will quired. Arthur H. Bremer, so his relatives and ac­ reach a total of $18.3 billion. One essential ingredient would be a. clearly quaintances in Milwaukee recall, was just an­ Each of the potentially competitive foreign stated national objective of achieving a sur­ other quiet kid, although some comment ad­ nations-Great Britain, France, West Ger­ plus balance of trade in a competitive inter­ ditionally that he W8.!3 so quiet it was notice­ many, Italy, Canada, and Japan-has taken national market by eltm.ina.ting artificial able. The quietness, they say, sort of stuck a number of positive steps toward obtaining controls, either foreign or domestic. Another out. a substantial share of the lucrative commer­ essential move would be to develop and im­ Looking back on it now, one might say he cial aircraft market. In Canada, for example, plement a coherent international economic was not much different in type from Sirhan companies receive grants equal to 25 percent strategy with related domestic economic pol­ B. Sirhan and Lee Harvey Oswald. of capital expenses on research and devel­ icies to achieve the objective of a surplus Like them too, he had come to the at­ opment. In addition, they can receive govern­ balance of trade. tention of psychiatrists and guidance coun­ ment payments of up to 50 percent of the But the soundest of economic objectives selors in his younger days, but little or no cost of individual R&D projects. In Brita.in, and the most enlightened of supporting pol­ treatment followed their diagnoses. companies can write off as much as 100 per­ icies will not return the United States to a Today, Oswald is dead, felled by another cent of their investment in new production surplus position on the balance sheet of in­ assassin's bullet less than 24 hours after he fa.clllties in the year they are made. German ternational trade if we do not have newer fired the shots that killed John F. Kennedy. companies receive special tax write-offs of and better products to sell. This means that Sirhan 1s serving a life sentence in San Quen­ up to 50 percent of corporate research and we must dedicate signiflcant effort now to tin, until recently under death sentence for development investment, plus a ten percent research and development, and tt will take the murder of Kennedy's brother Robert. cash investment subsidy. These are exam­ positive pollcy actions by the Government And Bremer is being held for trial on ples of the planned aggressiveness being to restore the lost technological momentum charges involving the shooting of Alabama demonstrated by the governments of our in the United States and in the aerospace in­ Gov. George c. Wallace, who ls paralyzed as principal competitors in the aerospace field. dustry. a result of one of five bullets fired into him In addition to these forms of indirect gov­ May 15 at Laurel, Md. ernment assistance, direct subsidies are being The sooner we recognize the fa.ct that advanced technology is the foundation upon The frightening thing about quiet people provided by foreign governments for high like Bremer and Sirhan and Oswald ts that cost, high export market potential pro­ which all else rests, and the sooner we take there must be miillons of them in the grams-notably, commercial aircraft. For ex­ the necessary steps to ensure that we remain United States, holding their rage inside them ample, Western European governments are competitive, at least in such high-technology until-lacking the safety valve most individ­ investing about $4 bllllon in four major com­ areas as aerospace, the better chance we will uals have-they explode. mercial aircraft programs aimed at a near­ have to support our economy, our essential It happens more often than one might term market of $30 billion. Favored by such social programs, and our standard of living think, because it ls only when the assassina­ subsidies are the British/French Concorde in this fast-changing world. tion of a prominent :figure 1s attempted or a 19896 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 6, 1972 mass killing is perpetrated by a Whitman or dren an opportunity for healthful and stimu­ What I propose to do is to raise some an Unruh that much attention is pa.id to the lating development in the first five years of fundamental questions about the basic event, or for long. life." ethical and jurisprudential issues involved. Even more frigh,;ening ls the fa.ct that we Why should we as citizens be concerned with have known about them for years. A 1930 the human and legal rights of persons ac­ White House Conference on Youth estimated COMMENCEMENT CONVOCATION, cused of breaking the law? Why should we that there were 2.5 million children with UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA seek to liberalize the processes of law en­ well-marked behavioral difficulties, and since forcement by raising protective hedges then things have become worse. around such persons by making their con­ There are now thought to be a.bout 4 mil­ HON. WILLIAM G. BRAY viction more difficult? lion such children under the age of 18, of The answers summarize a library of liter­ whom 1.4 million are in acute need of psy­ OF INDIANA ature. First, over and above any considera­ chiatric care, with only 473,000 receiving even IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tions of humanitarianism, we wish to avoid the danger of convicting the accused on the minimal attention. Tuesday, June 6, 1972 The Joint Commission on Mental Health of basis of plausible evidence, who in ultimate Children concluded in its 1969 report that Mr. BRAY. Mr. Speaker, the Amer­ fact may be innocent. Second, even if we there is not a. single community in this coun­ ican people are becoming justifiably do not make the presumption of innocence~ try which provides a.n acceptable standard there is a good reason why we should want alarmed at the excess of sympathy and to defend and extend the rights of those of service for emotionally disturbed youth. protection given the criminal and the Meanwhile, there have been the beginnings accused of crime. For hard as 1t may be for of a community mental health center move­ minimum amount of sympathy and pro­ us to imagine, someday we ourselves may ment in this country, but the Nixon admin­ tection given the victim of the criminal. be in the dock facing criminal charges of istration has been openly hostile to the pro­ Perhaps no one has placed the rights one kind or another. The quirks of fate or gram, so that it has been only be.rely able to of the criminal and his victim in a better hazard of fortune or the hidden purpose expand. and fairer perspective than has the great of providence--call it what you will !-have As a result, fewer than 400 of the some 2,000 philosopher, teacher, and writer, cur­ caught up even the most strait-laced and centers that were projected have actually proper individuals in tragic and violent situ­ rently a professor of philosophy at New ations, as bizarre as they were unexpected. come into being and only a.bout half of those York University, Dr. Sidney Hook. The in existence have the money or staff for the And not all of them have been crimes of treatment of children and youth. Small won­ following remarks given by Dr. Hook at passion. There is a perennial and humbling der that the fastest-growing segment of the the commencement convocation at the wisdom in the Puritan ad.monition to his state and county mental hospital population University of Florida on December 11, son witnessing a wretch being dragged t<> consists of boys and girls aged 10 to 14. Their 1971. the gallows: "There but for the Grace of numbers are well over 55,000 now-more than The remarks follow: God go I!" Both Goethe and Tolstoy have double those of 1963. acknowledged that there is no crime in the COMMENCEMENT CONVOCATION, UNIVERSITY OF calendar of human folly and bestiality which Once in these warehouses, moreover, young FLORIDA patients frequently a.re housed with older in some situations they could not conceive One of the great paradoxes of our time themselves committing. And if we pride our­ inmates and get little beyond custodial care. is that as the danger of major international In many of the back wards of these insti­ selves on our own immunity from tempta­ wars recedes and the standard of living rises, tion, it may testify not so much to our tutions, there are people, 30, 40-even 50- the level of domestic violence and crime in­ incorruptibility, as to our lack of imagina­ who were · admitted as children. There is creases at a frightening rate. We need not. nothing in the present situation to suggest tive power. rehearse the statistics that confirm the. ob­ This is the case for the rights of the that today's juvenile residents of such men­ servations and experiences of concerned and criminal or the person accused of crime­ tal hospitals won't share the same fate. intelligent citizens throughout the nation, and a powerful case it is. But before we In fact, one state estimates that 25 percent especially of those who live in or visit our bring in judgment we must perform an act of the youngsters admitted to its mental hos­ chief metropolitan centers. of imaginative identification much simpler pitals "can anticipate being permanently hos­ Accompanying this increase in violence and and more natural, and that is with our­ pitalized for the next 50 years of their lives." crimes of violence has been an impressive, selves as victims of crimes of violence. To be sure, there are in a few places in this sympathetic concern-some have unfairly Granted that I am a potential criminal, I am country private residential treatment centers called it a preoccupation-with the human also a potential victim of crime. The sta­ which offer excellent care. But they, of neces­ and civil rights of criminals and of those ac­ tistics of mounting violence show that cases sity, charge $50 to $75 a day and collectively cused of crime. Judicial opinions as well as of murder, non-negligent manslaughter and can accommodate only 10,000 children a year. academic treaties on criminology reveal a forcible rape have skyrocketed. It has been Even in the face of high costs, for every child growing and thoughtful sensitivity to the estimated that in large metropolitan centers, admitted to such a center, 10 a.re turned possibillty that the procedures by which de­ the risk of becoming the victim of a serious away. fendants in criminal cases are booked and crime has more than doubled in the last So-called state training schools are a poor tried, and the evidence against them evalua­ decade. Since many crimes of violence are alternative. One expert has described them ted, may lead to the miscarriage of justice. committed by repeaters, the likelihood of as "crime hatcheries, where children are Legal practices that were once accepted with­ my becoming a victim of crime is much tutored in crime if they are not assaulted out any qualms and doubts at a time when greater than the likelihood of my becoming by other inmates or the guards first." the Bill of Rights was adopted to safe-guard a criminal. Therefore, the protection of my Another told a Senate committee .several the basic liberties of the people against pos­ legitimate rights not to be mugged, assaulted years ago that these "correctional" institu­ sible tyranny of the state, practices that en­ or murdered looms much larger in my mind tions turn out "a finely honed weapon against dured far into the 20th century, have been than my legitimate rights as a criminal society." discarded in recent years in consequence of defendant. Mike Gorman, executive director of the new, ostensibly more enlightened readings or Let us be clear about some things that National Committee Against Mental Illness, interpretations of our constitutional rights. have become obscure in virtue of our legiti­ to whom this columnist is indebted for most There are those who maintain that the mate concern with the rights of crlminals of the factual material presented here, points alarming increase in crimes of violence is a and those accused of crime. The potential out that in a period when the government direct consequence of the liberal modifica­ victim has at least just as much a human has provided a $250 million loan to Lock­ tions of our arrest and indictment proce­ right not to be violently molested, inter­ heed, hundreds of m111ions of dollars to keep dures, of Supreme Court decisions that al­ fered with and outraged as the person ac­ the Penn Central Railroad afloat, and blllions legedly have shackled the law enforcement cused of such crimes has to a fair trial and for highway construction, only $62 m111ion authorities and resulted in an ever larger a skillful defense. As a citizen, most of the has been authorized for a three-year period number of recidivists or repeaters among rights guaranteed me under the Bill of to start children's units in community men­ criminal defendants. However, such an infer­ Rights become nugatory 1f I a.m hopelessly tal health centers. ence may be a case of post hoc propter hoc. crippled by violence, and all of them be­ In the first two years of the Nixon ad­ Causal questions in human affairs are noto­ come extinguished if I am killed. The rights ministration, not a penny of this actually riously difficult to resolve because of the o'f victims a.re recognized in some legal jur­ was appropriated, and for the third fiscal number of variables involved. Striking cor- isdictions which compensate them for dis­ year-the one that ends June 30--0nly $10 relations are not always evidence of the cas­ asters in which they become involved through million will have been spent. ual connections. For the purposes of our no fault of their own. In England, it has The federal budget ca.Us for the same analysis, it is not necessary either to reject been suggested that the assets of appre­ niggardly a.mount for next year, of which or accept the view-asserted by some with hended criminals who have committed capi­ all but about $2 mlllion wlll be needed for great confidence--concerning the 1nfiuence tal crimes be distributed to the dependents continuing the few programs already in of court decisions on criminal behavior. We of their victims. But my point here is that existence. suspend judgment about the causes of the this emerging legal right of the victim is All in all, it is a pretty sad commentary, increase in crimes of violence. We take our dependent upon the prior recognition of his not only on the nation's priorities, but also point of departure only from the indisput­ moral right not to be victimized by the law­ on a President who pledged during his early able fa.ct that the marked and alarming in­ breaker. days in office "to provide all American chll- crease in domestic violence has occurred. No matter how we seek to escape from June 6, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19897 acknowledging it, there is a. direct conflict humane concern for the increasing number breaks the United Nations sanctions between the rights of the criminal and of of victims of violent crimes requires a rein­ against the illegal Smith regime and vio­ persons accused of crime and the rights of terpretation, another emphasis. When we lates the U.N. Charter. their past and potential victims. In some read that preventive detention at the dis­ classes of cases it is clear that the greater cretion of the judge by denial of bail to The vote was close--40 to 36-with the right of the person accused o'f crime, repeated offenders charged with extremely only 10 members of the minority party the less the right of his future victim. For violent crimes is denounced by ritualistic voting to uphold our obligation under the example, the right of a person out on ball liberals as a betrayal of elementary justice, U.N. Charter. In the June 5 edition of for a. crime of violence, to receive ball when as smacking of the concentration camps of the Washington Post, the respected col­ he is charged with committing the same type Hilter and Stalin; when we read that a per­ unmist, Mr. William Raspberry, questions of violent offense, and to be granted bail son jailed for the death of 12 persons is whether the administration really wants even when he is charged with committing freed from jail and the case against him our country to meets its obligation on the offense a third time-a right which he dismissed because the prosecution's only legitimately claims since he has not yet evidence against him was a voluntary con­ this issue or whether it is only giving "lip been found guilty of the first offense-con­ fession to the police who had failed to in­ service" to the cause. fllcts head on with the r ights of his victims form him of his rights; when we read that Next week, on June 13 and 15, the Sub­ who can legitimately claim that they suf­ a man who murdered one of three hcstages committee on International Organiza­ fered this violence because the person at bar he had t&ken had a record of 25 arrests rang­ tions and Movements, which I chair, will enjoyed his constitutional right to be free ing from armed robbery to aggravated as­ conduct public hearings. The subject will on bail. Those who fail to see this do not sault and battery and that at the time of be the effectiveness of sanctions as a tool understand the nature o'f moral decision. A his arrest was free on bail awaiting grand of enforcement in the United Nations. In moral decision is not a choice between good jury action on charges in five separat e cases and bad, right or wrong-this represents no in a two-month period preceding the murder; view of our now blemished record in up­ moral choice but summarizes the complete when we read that a man whose speeding holding the embargo against Rhodesia, moral judgment !-but between good and car had been stopped by a motorcycle police­ the subcommittee will reexamine our good, right and right, good and right. They man who without a search warrant forced Government's role in this affair. also fail to see that this conflict of rights is him to open his trunk that contained the Mr. Raspberry's article follows: expressed in our very BUl of Rights in which corpses of a woman and two children, walks MCGEE FEELS LET DOWN the free exercise of religion conflicts with out of court scot-free because the evidence (By William Re.spberry) the principle of separation of state and is ruled inadmissible-we can only conclude church, and in which the right to a free press that the law is an ass. Sen. Gale W. McGee (D-Wyo.) lost his conflicts with the right to a fair trial. They The true wisdom of the law consists in nght, and as a result the United Sta.tes will therefore fall to understand the law-making recognizing the conflict of rights and adjudi­ continue its economic support of Rhodesia, powers of the Supreme Court, some of whose cating the conflict by a decision that which ranks next to South Africa. as the most Justices in the pa.st deceived themselves strengthens the whole structure of rights in notorious white-supremacist rt:gime in the with the absurr' view that the rights of the the community. At a. time when crime is rife, world. Blll of Rights a.re absolute and cannot be if the proof of a grave crime like murder is The specific suppom involved is the im­ abridged under any circumstances. If rights incontestable on the basis of evidence that portation here of Rhodesian chrome ore, de­ conflict they obviously cannot all be abso­ may be tainted because the law enforcement sp:Lte a United Nations embargo against it. lute! officers disregarded the niceties of procedure, Following last Wednesday's Senate vote, in Why has this conflict between the rights then legal action should be taken against which McGee's anti-Rhodesia amendment to of the potential criminals and the rights these officers by the state or by the defendant the State Department a.uthorlzation blll lost of the potential victims not been previously rather than giving in effect a grant of im­ in a 40 to 36 vote, McGee blasted the White recognized? Among the reasons undoubtedly munity to a. murderer. House for "lying down on the job" and giving has been the fa.ct that in all periods when We wish to reduce the role of violence in only "lip service" to the issue. the rights of criminals and those accused of human affairs without sacrificing the prin­ It was an uncharacteristically bitter out­ crime were being recognized the incidence ciples of justice. The extension of the privi­ burst for the senator, who has been a sup­ of violent crime was, relative to preceding leges against self-incrimination to absurd porter of President's Nixon's foreign policy. periods, declining. Where crime was rife, the lengths by justices who abandoned common The major source of the bitterness was Mc­ human rights of those accused of crime sense in a desire to establish b reputation for Geo's feeling that he had been led down the were hardly recognized or ruthlessly sacri­ liberalism has no parallel in any other na­ White House garden path. ficed on the altar of law and order. The tional legal jurisdiction. To elicit relevant McGee already had lost a major fight on recognition and appreciation of the human testimony it has required legislation that has the issue when it first came up last fall. Tha.t rights of criminals and those accused of enabled some criminal defendants to pur­ fight was against an amendment offered by crimes go back a long way, as the right of chase an undeserved immunity from pun­ Sen. Harry F. Byrd Jr. (D-Va.) to the mili­ sanctuary in Biblical times indicates. When ishment for very serious crimes. • • • Only tary procurement bill taking a.way the Pres­ crime became a mass phenomenon, however, a sociological mad-hatter would say that ident's authority to ban imports of Rhodesian these rights were honored more in the breach the fear of a nuclear holocaust is almost chrome so long as the United States was than in the observance. as serious a problem as the threat of one, importing chrome from any communist How, then, should we resolve the conflict or the fear of the population explosion as country. between the rights of the criminally accused dangerous as the pressure of unrestricted Last week's fight was an effort to repeal and the rights of the potential victims? I growth. the Byrd amendment and put the U.S. in submit that at the present juncture of Let us have done with extremists who compliance with the United Nations em­ events because our cities have become more would mindlessly substitute either toughness bargo. dangerous to life and limb than the darkest or permissiveness for intelligence in their "Hell, he wouldn't have tried it the second jungle we must give priority to the rights simplistic response to the mounting crime time if he hadn't been given to understand of potential victims. I am prepared to weak­ wave. A fruitful way to begin the quest for that he would have strong White House sup­ en the guarantees and privileges to which I intelligent solutions is to reorient our think­ port this time," a McGee aide said after the am entitled as a potential criminal or a.s a ing in the current period to the rights of vote. "It doesn't help anything to lose twice defendant in order to strengthen my rights the potential victims of crime, and to the in a. row." and safeguards as a. potential victim. Purely task of reducing their number and suffer­ McGee had been led to expect strong ad­ on the basis of probabilities, I am convinced ing. In this way we can best serve the in­ ministration support. that I run a greater danger of suffering dis­ terests both of justice and compassion. As a. matter of fact, it was primarily at the urging of the State Department that McGee aster as a potential victim than as a poten­ tried it again last week. There was State tial criminal or defendant. It ls these prob­ Department testimony in support of the Mc­ abi11ties, that shift from one historical period Gee position a week before the final vote. to another, that must be the guide to wise, McGEE FEELS LET DOWN prudent and just administration of the law. But the day before the vote, when McGee Actually, although the protection of the saw that there was the clear possibility that rights in the Bill of Rights has been extended HON. DONALD M. FRASER he would lose, he ca.lied on the White House by the court to state jurisdictions of crimi­ for help, pointing out that he had six Re­ OF MINNESOTA publican senators, who had said they would nal law, originally they were intended to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vote with him if they got a call from the curb primarily the violation of political White House. rights by the Federal government. The judi­ Tuesday, June 6, 1972 Although the White House had given ver­ cial legislation that reinterpreted and ex­ Mr. bal support to what McGee was attempting, tended these guarantees to hold for criminal Mr. FRASER. Speaker, last the call never came. McGee lost by four defendants in state courts was in large Wednesday the Senate again voted in votes. measure certainly justified because of favor of a law which permits a small In the days since the vote, there have been changes in social needs and the development number of American mineral concerns to persistent rumors that the White House may of more humane attitudes. But today, a import Rhodesian chrome ore. This even have given support to the other side. 19898 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 6, 1972 McGee's staff won't go that far, but at least three-day African Liberation activities the MAN'S INHUMANITY TO MAN­ one Capitol Hill aide said that Sen. Robert weekend before the vote. Rep. Charles Diggs Dole (Kan.), GOP national chairman, had (D-Mich.), one of the participants in the HOW LONG? made several phone calls urging support of African Liberation Day observance made the Byrd amendment. specific reference to the issue. "Bob Dole wouldn't do that without a go­ But no one bothered to do anything to HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE ahead from the White House," the aide said. translate general support of what McGee was OF IOWA The administration's apparent change of attempting into a specific, pragmatic cam­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES heart isn't the only disappointment in this paign. affair. As a result, no one--either in the Senate Tuesday, June 6, 1972 McGee hasn't had much to say about it, or in the White House-felt any political Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, a child but he clearly ls disappointed that there was heat. And the White House was free to do asks: "Where is daddy?" A mother asks: so little support for his stand from black what it did. A my people. Sadder still, there is no reason to suppose "How is my son?" wife asks: "Is A campaign by blacks to bring pressure on that any of those who permitted it to hap­ husband alive or dead?" a handful of swing-vote senators oould easily pen wlll be called to political account for it. Communist North Vietnam is sadisti­ have made the difference between victory Another foreign policy decision affecting cally practicing spiritual and mental gen­ and defeat. black Africa has been made without any ocide over 1,600 American prisoners of But the pressure never came. concern for the sensibilities of black Ameri­ war and their families. The issue was raised, all right, during the cans, and business goes on as usual. How long?