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D.Fig 9.8-1 TRANSMISSION NETWORK STRUCTURE Area-01
D.Fig 9.8-1 TRANSMISSION NETWORK STRUCTURE 1 Area-01 (1/2, 2/2) 2 Area-02 3 Area-03 4 Area-04 5 Area-05 6 Area-06 (1/2, 2/2) 7 Area-07 Jimma 8 Area-07 Nekemte 9 Area-08 (1/2, 2/2) Legend; Link between A station and B station Frequency Band: Transmission Capacity; Expansion Capacity (At the 8th D.P. completion) in the Master Plan AB 7G 2M 7GHz 2M none AB ? 7x2M Not decided 7 x 2M none AB (2M) Not decided none 2M AB 7G 4x2M (+3) 7GHz 4 x 2M 3 x 2M Links among A, B C and D stations A BCD 5G STM-1 (+1) (+1) Frequency Band: Transmission Capacity; Expansion Capacity (At the 8th D.P. completion) in the Master Plan <Link between A and B> 5GHz STM-1 STM-1 <Link between B and C> 5GHz STM-1 none <Link between C and D> 5GHz STM-1 STM-1 1/11 D.Fig9.8-1 NW Structure.xls Sendafa Mt.Furi Mukaturi Chancho Entoto ? 2x2M (2M) ? 4x2M Addis Ababa Sheno South Ankober North Ambalay South Tik Giorgis Gara Guda 2G 8M 5G 3xSTM-1 5G STM-1 (+2) (+2) (+1) (+1) to Dessie to Bahir Dar Fetra Debre Tsige 900M 8M 11G 140M Sheno Town Ankober(Gorebela) (2M) 7G 4x2M (+1) Sululta 2G 2x34M OFC (2M) Gunde Meskel Muger ? 3x2M 2G 4x2M (2x2M) 900M 8M Aleltu Debre Sina Armania Lemi Robit (2M) 900M 2M (2M) (2M) Fitche Alidoro Chacha (+8) Mezezo Debre Tabor Rep Gunde Wein Abafelase (2M) (2M) (2M) 7G 4x2M Meragna Mendida Molale Inchini Kemet Gebrel Gohatsion Gebre Guracha 900M 8M (2x2M) (2M) (2M) ? 2x2M -
MPLS VPN Service
MPLS VPN Service PCCW Global’s MPLS VPN Service provides reliable and secure access to your network from anywhere in the world. This technology-independent solution enables you to handle a multitude of tasks ranging from mission-critical Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), quality videoconferencing and Voice-over-IP (VoIP) to convenient email and web-based applications while addressing traditional network problems relating to speed, scalability, Quality of Service (QoS) management and traffic engineering. MPLS VPN enables routers to tag and forward incoming packets based on their class of service specification and allows you to run voice communications, video, and IT applications separately via a single connection and create faster and smoother pathways by simplifying traffic flow. Independent of other VPNs, your network enjoys a level of security equivalent to that provided by frame relay and ATM. Network diagram Database Customer Portal 24/7 online customer portal CE Router Voice Voice Regional LAN Headquarters Headquarters Data LAN Data LAN Country A LAN Country B PE CE Customer Router Service Portal PE Router Router • Router report IPSec • Traffic report Backup • QoS report PCCW Global • Application report MPLS Core Network Internet IPSec MPLS Gateway Partner Network PE Router CE Remote Router Site Access PE Router Voice CE Voice LAN Router Branch Office CE Data Branch Router Office LAN Country D Data LAN Country C Key benefits to your business n A fully-scalable solution requiring minimal investment -
Prehistory Bronze Age Contacts with Egypt
Prehistory It was not until 1963 that evidence of the presence of ancient hominids was discovered in Ethiopia, many years after similar such discoveries had been made in neighbouring Kenya and Tanzania. The discovery was made by Gerrard Dekker, a Dutch hydrologist, who found Acheulian stone tools that were over a million years old at Kella. Since then many important finds have propelled Ethiopia to the forefront of palaentology. The oldest hominid discovered to date in Ethiopia is the 4.2 million year old Ardipithicus ramidus (Ardi) found by Tim D. White in 1994. The most well known hominid discovery is Lucy, found in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia's Afar region in 1974 by Donald Johanson, and is one of the most complete and best preserved, adult Australopithecine fossils ever uncovered. Lucy's taxonomic name, Australopithecus afarensis, means 'southern ape of Afar', and refers to the Ethiopian region where the discovery was made. Lucy is estimated to have lived 3.2 million years ago. There have been many other notable fossil findings in the country. Near Gona stone tools were uncovered in 1992 that were 2.52 million years old, these are the oldest such tools ever discovered anywhere in the world. In 2010 fossilised animal bones, that were 3.4 million years old, were found with stone-tool-inflicted marks on them in the Lower Awash Valley by an international team, led by Shannon McPherron, which is the oldest evidence of stone tool use ever found anywhere in the world. East Africa, and more specifically the general area of Ethiopia, is widely considered the site of the emergence of early Homo sapiens in the Middle Paleolithic. -
The Ethiopian - Somali War, 1978 - 1979 Pdf, Epub, Ebook
WINGS OVER OGADEN: THE ETHIOPIAN - SOMALI WAR, 1978 - 1979 PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Tom Cooper | 80 pages | 19 Apr 2015 | Helion & Company | 9781909982383 | English | Solihull, United Kingdom Wings Over Ogaden: The Ethiopian - Somali War, 1978 - 1979 PDF Book The air war was certainly an important part of the war, but the Soviet and Cuban advisors and Cuban ground forces on the Ethiopian side were also key. The seat of the government was usually in Amhara, but at times there were two or even three kings reigning at the same time. Portuguese Dragoons, John P. Other editions. Tom Cooper. Book Format. Leopold Scholz. Rhodesian Fire Force Kerrin Cocks. Pricing policy About our prices. Your question required. Read more Related Pages :. Start your free trial. This volume details the history and training of both Ethiopian and Somali air forces, their equipment and training, tactics used and kills claimed, against the backdrop of the flow of the Ogaden war. It set numerous aviation records and saw widespread service with a large Show More Show Less. Designed by Sydney Camm as a swept wing, daytime interceptor with excellent maneuverability, the Hunter Update location. By Tom Cooper. Showing However, excellently trained pilots of the Ethiopian Air Force took full advantage of their With Ethiopia in disarray following a period of severe internal unrest and the spread of insurgencies in Eritrea and Tigray, Ethiopia and its armed forces should have offered little opposition to well-equipped Somali armed forces which were unleashed to capture Ogaden, in July In the late s, as the Cold War between the US-led North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NATO and communist states of Central and Eastern Europe grouped within the Soviet dominated Warsaw Pact was heading for its next high point, rumours about an intensive conventional war between Ethiopia and Somalia began spreading through the circles of various military intelligence agencies and academies around the world. -
Ahmed, Hanane Sharif.Pdf
A University of Sussex PhD thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details Gender and Rural Land Reform in Ethiopia: Reform Process, Tenure Security, and Investment Hanane Sharif Ahmed Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Economics University of Sussex November 2016 Declaration I hereby declare that this thesis has not been and will not be submitted in whole or in part to another University for the award of any other degree. Signature: Hanane Sharif Ahmed iii UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX HANANE SHARIF AHMED, DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GENDER AND RURAL LAND REFORM IN ETHIOPIA: REFORM PROCESS, TENURE SECURITY, AND INVESTMENT SUMMARY This thesis consists of three inter-related empirical papers. It examines the gender dimensions of rural land reform process and impacts by exploring the accessibility and benefits of land- use certificates for female household heads vis-à-vis male household heads in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. The existing literature lacks a gender lens of the reform process and impacts. The first paper examines the factors that determine which lands are included in the household’s land-use certificate (status of certification), when during the reform process they become included (timing of certification), and whether there are gender differentials in each of these outcomes. -
Ethiopia a Country Profile
PN -A.4K - 310 Ethiopia A Country Profile '. December 1978 Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance I Agency for International Development Washington, D.C. ZOSZ3 ,. Por1 Sud ln Ethiopia \ SAUDI In ternatIOnal boundary Province boundary A RABIA Red ® NatIOnal capital ., Province capital Sea Ra ilroad Road . ". 1lI0 Kilometers 7'5 t 1!i0 Mile. • YEMEN (SANA ) ......... '.. '\ GRAY 0 .,,)\ .- .--.-.- ' , -,' -~' , Gulf of Aden -"""- " .... ~..... / ~-....~~ t1ugli G... ,.. " .. ,c-r--- • INDIAN OCEAN -.y,_._ .. 1>04_,', ....'-,' .. _ ETHIOPIA: A COUNTRY PROFILE prepared for The Office of U. S. Foreign Disaster Assl~tance Bureau for Private and Development Cooperation Agency for International Development . Department of State . Wash I ngton, D. Co 20523' . by Evaluation Technologies, Inc. Arlington, Virginia under contract AID/SOD/PDC-C-0283 The profile on Ethiopia Is one In a series designed to provide base line country data In support of the planning, analYsis and relief operations of the Office of U. S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA). Content, scope and sources have evolved over the coqrse of the .last three years, and no doubt will continue to do so. T~e relatively narrow focus Is Intentional. To avoid redundancy, some topics one might expect to find In a "country profile" are not covered here. If the Information provided can also be useful to otrers In the dis aster assistance and development communities, so m4ch the better. Every effort Is made to obtain current, rei lable data; unfortunately It Is not possible to Issue updates as fast as chanaes would warrant. A caut Ionary note, therefore, to the reader: stat I st'l cs are I nd !cators at best, and If names and numbers matter, the blbl !.Qgraphy will point to a current source. -
Local History of Ethiopia Ama - Azzazzo © Bernhard Lindahl (2008)
Local History of Ethiopia Ama - Azzazzo © Bernhard Lindahl (2008) ama, hamaa (O) honeybadger, Egyptian mongoose, Herpestes ichneumon ?? Ama ../.. [x] former Capuchin mission station in the late 1800s HDM13 Ama 0911'/3939' 1627 m 09/39 [Gz] JDH46 Ama Yusefo 0928'/4118' 1587 m 09/41 [Gz] HDU52c Amad Washo (recorded in 1841) 10/39 [Ha] HEC38 Amadamit, see Amedamit Amado, a male personal name; amedu (amädu) (A) the ashes; amed washa, ash cave JEA77 Amado (area) site for fossils 11/40 [WO] JEC01 Amadu (Lo Ammadu, Amadoo) (plain) 10/41 [Gu WO Ha] HCJ80 Amaia (Ammaia), see Ameya HCS44 Amairaba 0739'/3754' 2460 m 07/37 [WO Gz] amaja: ameja, amija (A) kind of shrub or small tree, Hypericum revolutum, H. quartinianum JDJ12 Amaja (Amagia) (saddle), see under Grawa 09/41 [+ Gu] JDJ12 Amaja, cf Ameja, Amija ?? Amajah (historical), in eastern Shewa ../.. [Pa] HDU60 Amajo 1033'/3920' 2605 m 10/39 [Gz] -- Amam language, see [1] Bambassi, [2] Kwama amami (T) sweeping HFC47 Amamu (area) 14/37 [WO] aman (A,Arabic) peace, tranquility, pacified, safe (area); Aman, a male personal name HCG68 Aman (greater & lesser) 06/35 [WO Po] Aman (Greater Aman) 0657'/3532' 1277 m 06/35 [Gz] Aman (Lesser Aman), replaced by Mizan Teferi 06/35 HDM71 Aman, in the Wegda district 09/39 [n] HDT38 Aman 1015'/3914' 1942 m, 10/39 [Gz] between Liche and Tegulet HDL34 Amana Wesi 0923'/3848' 2693 m 09/38 [AA Gz] ?? Amandare (visiting postman under Jimma) ../.. [Po] GCT35 Amanha 07/33 [WO] HDL79 Amantie, see Amente amanu (O) believe, have faith; ager (A) land, region HEF33 Amanu Ager (Amanu Agher), see under Dessie 11/39 [+ Gu] HDS50 Amanuel (Ammanuel) 1027'/3734' 2438 m 10/37 [Ad Gz] (centre in 1964 of Machakel wereda) with sub-post office HDT05 Amanuel (Amaniel) (church) 10/38 [+ WO] HED44 Amanuel (Abala, Abahala) 1115'/3757' 2034 m 11/37 [Gz Gu WO] HEJ87 Amanuel (Emanuel) (church) 12/37 [+ WO] HDE56 Amanuel Iyesus (church) 0840'/3902' 08/39 [Gz] HFF32c Amanu'el Ma'agwä 13/39 [En] Monastery some 5 km outside the village of Negash, to the left of the road to Adigrat. -
Pdf | 576.79 Kb
EMERGENCIES UNIT FOR UNITED NATIONS ETHIOPIA (UN-EUE) Good rains do not compensate for chronic food insecurity A glance at actual livelihood and humanitarian issues in selected belg areas of Wello and North Showa Assessment Mission 21- 30 April 2002 François Piguet & Hugo Raemi, Field Officers, UN-Emergencies Unit for Ethiopia 1 Introduction Belg is the short rainy season that normally starts in January and lasts until April. After a number of years of drought and crop failure, a second consecutive year of good belg rains can be reported in 2002. This is good news for the highlands and parts of the midlands in North and South Wello as well as North Shewa that depend to a certain extent on the belg rains for crop production. Unfortunately, due to bad experiences of previous years, farmers in the considered zones are more risk wary than in “normal” times and have increasingly shifted from belg to meher crops. Meher is the main agricultural growing season from June to September. This adapted strategy to minimise risk has resulted in a belg landscape in the highlands that shows a patchwork of fields planted with belg crops and plots that have been prepared for the meher season (picture below). Most of the zones that the UN-EUE mission inspected had received more or less good precipitation in terms of the amount of water and the distribution of the rain showers. Exceptions were reported in specific areas in Gidan, Kobo, Meket (north Wello) Ambasel and some of the woredas in the western part of North Wello such Belg landscape in Gidan woreda, North Wello , May 2002 (Photo by Francois Piguet UN-EUE) as Sayint, Wegde and Kelela. -
BASIS/IDR Community Assessments Kebele Profiles, Parts I, II, III and IV
BASIS/IDR Community Assessments Kebele Profiles, Parts I, II, III and IV By Dr. Alfonso Peter Castro Researcher, BASIS Horn of Africa Program Dr. Yared Amare Researcher, Institute for Development Research Addis Ababa University Yigremew Adal Researcher, Institute for Development Research Addis Ababa University Degafa Tolossa Researcher, Institute for Development Research Addis Ababa University BASIS Horn of Africa Program Institute for Development Research, Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia December 1999 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Kebele Profiles, Part I: Dessie Zurie, Kalu, and Ambassel Weredas in South Wello Zone 12 By Alfonso Peter Castro, Yared Amare, and Yigremew Adal Introduction to Part I Kebele (number) & Wereda: Gerado (05) in Dese Zuriya Wereda Tebasit (021) in Dese Zuriya Wereda Abechu (19) in Kalu Wereda Kedida (07) in Kalu Wereda Abet (012) in Ambassel Wereda Mariye (09) in Ambassel Wereda Kebele Profiles, Part II: Werebabo, Kutaber, and Tenta Weredas in South Wello Zone 56 By Alfonso Peter Castro and Yigremew Adal (with Demeke Deboch) Introduction to Part II & Additional Notes by Yigremew Adal Kebele (number) & Wereda: Gubissa (06) in Werebabo Wereda Challi (012) in Werebabo Wereda Alasha/Werkaria (03) in Kutaber Wereda Amba Gibi (010) in Kutaber Wereda Amba Miriam (05) in Tenta Wereda Watta (016) in Tenta Wereda Kebele Profiles, Part III: Dawa Chaffa and Batti Weredas in Oromiya Zone 104 By Alfonso Peter Castro and Degafa Tolossa Introduction to Part III Kebele (number) & Wereda: Shakilla (07) in Dawa Chaffa -
Mekelle University the School of Graduate Studies Faculty of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources the Working Traditions An
Mekelle University The School of Graduate Studies Faculty of DryLand Agriculture and Natural Resources The Working Traditions and their Contribution to Rural Development, in Awra Amba Community, Northern Amhara Region - Ethiopia By Seid Mohammed Yassin A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Master of Science Degree In Cooperative Marketing Advisor Kelemework Tafere (PhD) March, 2008 Declaration This is to certify that this thesis entitled “The Working traditions and their contributions to rural development, Northern Amhara Region, Ethiopia.” submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of M.Sc., in Cooperative Marketing to the School of Graduate Studies, Mekelle University, through the Department of Cooperatives, done by Mr. Seid Mohammed Yassin, Id. No. FDA/GR021/98 is genuine work carried out by him under my guidance. The matter embodied in this project work has not been submitted earlier for award of any Degree or Diploma to the best of my knowledge and belief. Seid Mohammed Yassin _____________________ _________________ Name of the Student Signature Date Kelemework Tafere (Ph.D) ____________________ ____________________ Name of the supervisor: Signature Date Mekelle University Post Graduate Studies, Department of Cooperative Abstract This study is an attempt to describe a community, which is founded by people whose level and faculty of consciousness involved in realization of social and economic problems of the society. The study argues that the Awra-Amba community is highly motivated and committed to find a new culture and existing working traditions that may have contributions for rural development. In this thesis therefore, the researcher examine working traditions that result from revitalization of multidimensional changes by the people to the people, which came largely as a result of the visionary founder motivation and commitment to create new working culture for which can be used as an instrument for social mobilizations in the country. -
Routes in Abyssinia
Routes in Abyssinia http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.CH.DOCUMENT.sip100051 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org Routes in Abyssinia Author/Creator Cooke, Anthony Charles Date 1867 Resource type Books Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Horn of Africa, Ethiopia, Axum;Lalibela, Eritrea Source Smithsonian Institution Libraries, DT377 .C77 1867 Description Index. Page. General description of the country of Abyssinia and of the different routes leading into it. Principal Towns. Government. Religion and Character of Inhabitants. Currency. Military Strength of Country. Description of Theodore. Portuguese Expedition into Abyssinia. Routes to Magdala from the North. -
Local History of Ethiopia Ama - Amzanaghir © Bernhard Lindahl (2005)
Local History of Ethiopia Ama - Amzanaghir © Bernhard Lindahl (2005) ama, hamaa (O) honeybadger, Egyptian mongoose, Herpestes ichneumon HDM13 Ama 09°11'/39°39' 1627 m 09/39 [Gz] JDH46 Ama Yusefo 09°28'/41°18' 1587 m 09/41 [Gz] HDU52c Amad Washo (recorded in 1841) 10/39 [Ha] HEC38 Amadamit, see Amedamit amado: amedu (amädu) (A) the ashes; amed washa, ash cave; ado amo (Afar) white head JEA77 Amado (area) 11/40 [WO 20] Site in the upper Mille valley south of the volcano Gura Ale and only about a couple of square kilometres in size. In October 1973 the International Afar Research Expedition with 18 people in four LandRovers visited Amado. "Amado is noteworthy for its thick, fluviatile, crystalline tuffs containing beautiful translucent fossil wood and hundreds of monkey and baboon fossils. Coppens and Guérin judged the elephants and rhinos to be between 3 and 4 million years old. Some of the associated sediments looked like hot spring deposits, and the fossil wood looked like palm." The expedition in five days collected nearly 400 fossils, a quarter of them being monkeys. [J Kalb 2001 p 100] JEC01 Amadu (Lo Ammadu, Amadoo) (plain) 10/41 [Gu WO Ha] HCJ80 Amaia (Ammaia), see Ameya HCS44 Amairaba 07°39'/37°54' 2460 m 07/37 [WO Gz] amaja: ameja, amija (A) kind of shrub or small tree, Hypericum revolutum, H. quartinianum JDJ12 Amaja (Amagia) (saddle), see under Grawa 09/41 [+ Gu] cf Ameja, Amija ?? Amajah ../.. [Pa] A Muslim settlement in eastern Shewa, near the Kessem river, "the population of which /in the 1530s/ welcomed Grañ's forces, and prayed for the latter's victory".