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Mekelle University the School of Graduate Studies Faculty of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources the Working Traditions An Mekelle University The School of Graduate Studies Faculty of DryLand Agriculture and Natural Resources The Working Traditions and their Contribution to Rural Development, in Awra Amba Community, Northern Amhara Region - Ethiopia By Seid Mohammed Yassin A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Master of Science Degree In Cooperative Marketing Advisor Kelemework Tafere (PhD) March, 2008 Declaration This is to certify that this thesis entitled “The Working traditions and their contributions to rural development, Northern Amhara Region, Ethiopia.” submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of M.Sc., in Cooperative Marketing to the School of Graduate Studies, Mekelle University, through the Department of Cooperatives, done by Mr. Seid Mohammed Yassin, Id. No. FDA/GR021/98 is genuine work carried out by him under my guidance. The matter embodied in this project work has not been submitted earlier for award of any Degree or Diploma to the best of my knowledge and belief. Seid Mohammed Yassin _____________________ _________________ Name of the Student Signature Date Kelemework Tafere (Ph.D) ____________________ ____________________ Name of the supervisor: Signature Date Mekelle University Post Graduate Studies, Department of Cooperative Abstract This study is an attempt to describe a community, which is founded by people whose level and faculty of consciousness involved in realization of social and economic problems of the society. The study argues that the Awra-Amba community is highly motivated and committed to find a new culture and existing working traditions that may have contributions for rural development. In this thesis therefore, the researcher examine working traditions that result from revitalization of multidimensional changes by the people to the people, which came largely as a result of the visionary founder motivation and commitment to create new working culture for which can be used as an instrument for social mobilizations in the country. The discouragement and attack of this community by external cultural, political and socio- economic interests associated with their behavioral pattern and cultural practices in their motivation to create a new culture has largely been responsible for a continuing marginalization of the group. As a consequence a serious of revitalization has followed in Awra-Amba mode of adoption and other aspects of their social and cultural life. The Awra-Amba settlement, social organization, economic activities, cultural practices, and the overall coordination of resources (labor, land, capital and time management) and have contributed a lot for implementations of the existing rural development policies. Hence, in conclusion the study indicates that it is not difficult to judge the contribution of working traditions of the community to the implementation of the social mobilization strategies. As far as my knowledge and belief is concerned it may be good to apply the values, principles and best practices of Awra-Amba as indigenous community. The researcher have suggested that as valid measure of the successful performance of a group is the degree of which iii Thesis on Working traditions and their contributions to Rural Developmen, Awra-Amba Community, by Seid Mohamed Yassin, E-mail seidsada07yahoo.com Mekelle University Post Graduate Studies, Department of Cooperative its behavior corresponds to its values, principles and commitments, Awra-Amba can be an example of behavior that others should understand and follow the pattern. iv Thesis on Working traditions and their contributions to Rural Developmen, Awra-Amba Community, by Seid Mohamed Yassin, E-mail seidsada07yahoo.com Mekelle University Post Graduate Studies, Department of Cooperative Acknowledgements It gives me a great code of honors to record here those people whose assistance was indispensable. In the course of undertaking the study several individuals and institutions have contributed to the successful completion of the study. Therefore, I would like to say a few words of gratitude. First, I would like to extend my heart-felt gratitude to the Water Resources development Breau of Amhara for sponsoring my M .Sc study at Mekelle University. I am indebted to Ato Mamau Tsediku, for his continued encouragement. I also admire the material and moral support of Ato Mulugeta W/meskel, and Ato Haymanot Belete. Next, I would like appreciate the staff of the M .Sc. program in Cooperative Marketing at Mekelle University. I would like to thank all post gradate level instructors. I am especially thankful to my instructors Prof G.B. Pillai, Dr. Pichai, Dr. Grish Mangleek, Dr. Fistum and Head Department of Cooperatives, Dr. G.Veerakumaran for their guidance, and constructive comments were constant. I cannot mention them all by name but must limit my personal acknowledgment to just a few whose help was of primary importance. In particular, I would like to thank Ato Zumra Nuru Mohammed and all others members of Awra-Amba community. My heartily thanks, goes to all for their warm hospitality and generosity. I am also greatly indebted to my best friend Ato Abay Melaku , who is a manager of Bahir Dar Textile Factory, with his wife and first daughter ,and W/ro Genet Ashagrie and Bethi- Abay , for their personal sacrifice, and materials and moral support. And Ato Solomon Tesema, Ato Yossef Tsegaye and Ato Agezew Hidaru and others , who made a painstaking reading and extend a valuable comment duly deserve my appreciations . My deepest appreciation and gratitude, goes to my major advisor Dr. Kelemwok Tafere (Ph.D), Mekelle University, who took time from his busy intellectual schedules for professional v Thesis on Working traditions and their contributions to Rural Developmen, Awra-Amba Community, by Seid Mohamed Yassin, E-mail seidsada07yahoo.com Mekelle University Post Graduate Studies, Department of Cooperative guidance and encouragement in undertaking this study and whose motivations has a particularly important impact on the development of this research work.. Errors, misinterpretations and weakness that appear in this thesis are all mine. vi Thesis on Working traditions and their contributions to Rural Developmen, Awra-Amba Community, by Seid Mohamed Yassin, E-mail seidsada07yahoo.com Mekelle University Post Graduate Studies, Department of Cooperative ACRONYMS ACSI Amhara Credit and Saving Institution ADA Amhara Development Association ADLI Agricultural development led industrialization AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome BOA Bureau of Agriculture CPA Cooperative Promotion Agency CSA Central Statistical Authority ECA Economic Commission for Africa EPLUA Environmental Protection and Land Use Authority FAO Food and Agricultural Organization FDA Faculty of dry land agriculture FGD Focus Group Discussion FGE Federal Government of Ethiopia FSS Food security strategy GATT General Agreement for Tax and Tariff GER Gross Enrolment Rate GDP Gross domestic product GNP Gross national product Ha Hectare HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HHH Household head ICA International Cooperative Alliance vii Thesis on Working traditions and their contributions to Rural Developmen, Awra-Amba Community, by Seid Mohamed Yassin, E-mail seidsada07yahoo.com Mekelle University Post Graduate Studies, Department of Cooperative ILK Indigenous Local Knowledge ILO International Labour Organization MDG Millennium development Goal MoFED Ministry of Finance and Economic Development MOH Ministry of Health ORDA Organization for Rehabilitation and Development of Amahra Region PRS Poverty reduction strategy Qt Quintals SAPS Structural Adjustment Progrmme SHG Self help groups UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization UNICEF United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund USA United States of America WHO World Health Organization WTO World Trade Organization viii Thesis on Working traditions and their contributions to Rural Developmen, Awra-Amba Community, by Seid Mohamed Yassin, E-mail seidsada07yahoo.com Mekelle University Post Graduate Studies, Department of Cooperative TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. iii Acknowledgement .................................................................................................................. v Acronyms ................................................................................................................................ vi List of Tables ........................................................................................................................... xii List of Figures .......................................................................................................................... xiv List of Plates ............................................................................................................................ xv Chapter I: Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background .......................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Statement of the Problem ................................................................................... 4 1.3. Research Questions ............................................................................................ 5 1.4. Scope of the Study .............................................................................................
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