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Ethiopia a Country Profile

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Ethiopia a Country Profile PN -A.4K - 310 Ethiopia A Country Profile '. December 1978 Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance I Agency for International Development Washington, D.C. ZOSZ3 ,. Por1 Sud ln Ethiopia \ SAUDI In ternatIOnal boundary Province boundary A RABIA Red ® NatIOnal capital ., Province capital Sea Ra ilroad Road . ". 1lI0 Kilometers 7'5 t 1!i0 Mile. • YEMEN (SANA ) ......... '­.. '\ GRAY 0 .,,)\ .- .--.-.- ' , -,' -~' , Gulf of Aden -"""-­ " .... ~..... / ~-....~~ t1ugli G... ,.. " .. ,c-r--- • INDIAN OCEAN -.y,_._ .. 1>04_,', ....'-,' .. _ ETHIOPIA: A COUNTRY PROFILE prepared for The Office of U. S. Foreign Disaster Assl~tance Bureau for Private and Development Cooperation Agency for International Development . Department of State . Wash I ngton, D. Co 20523' . by Evaluation Technologies, Inc. Arlington, Virginia under contract AID/SOD/PDC-C-0283 The profile on Ethiopia Is one In a series designed to provide base­ line country data In support of the planning, analYsis and relief operations of the Office of U. S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA). Content, scope and sources have evolved over the coqrse of the .last three years, and no doubt will continue to do so. T~e relatively narrow focus Is Intentional. To avoid redundancy, some topics one might expect to find In a "country profile" are not covered here. If the Information provided can also be useful to otrers In the dis­ aster assistance and development communities, so m4ch the better. Every effort Is made to obtain current, rei lable data; unfortunately It Is not possible to Issue updates as fast as chanaes would warrant. A caut Ionary note, therefore, to the reader: stat I st'l cs are I nd !cators at best, and If names and numbers matter, the blbl !.Qgraphy will point to a current source. We Invite your comments and corrections. Address these and other queries to OFDA, AID, as given above. December 1978 If OFOA COUNTRY PROFILES:A?RIL 1980 AFRICA LATIN AMERICA ; $, Cape Verde Bolivia Chad Chile Djibouti Ecuador Ethiopia EI Sa l.vadQrll Mall Guatemal a.' , Mauritania Honduras Nlger* Nicaragua Sahel Transportation Survey Peru Senegal Somali a Upper Volta, NEAR EAST Zaire Turkey ASIA SOUTH PACIFIC Bangladesn Burma FI J I India, Tonga . Indonesia Western Samoa Malaysia Nepal Pakistan INDIAN OCJ::AN Philippines Islanq ,pountrles of the Ine!\ jln Ocean * CARIBBEAN CAR ICOM Reg I'ona I Prof II e Dominican Republic Haiti * In preparation .. '. TO: COUNTRY PROF I.I:E 'USER Dellr ______,.- . Please use this form to note Ilny chllnges, additions corrections or suggestions you think would update end Improve thf's1eountry profile. Since our. alni Is to make these ,pr,oflles as rel,evant·~s possIble, your cr·ltlque !,s essent·lal .,and,very.lI)~ph v.:ante'd'. Return ~Ommerits to Lucy Of-obot, OFOA Country Profiles, Room 1262A. ': NAME/OFF' CE :_..,..... __'--""'- ________ _ ·PHONE: __...... Date:___ _ ...' '-:.,5' . TOP·!C CO!-IMENTS i I ,I .I 'I', I' I ,'I . ," I ,I I I , I ,I I ,I I "' CONTENTS Tttle page and l"troduction •••••••••••••••••••••••• ! •••••••••••• I L t st of prof ties ••••••••• 1_' •••••••••••••••••• " ••••• ~ , ••••••••••• II Maps ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ?! ••••••••••• III Genera I 1nformat 1on ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• " ~ r •••••••••• 1-6 Geographic codes In use In USG Information system.~ •••••••••• 1 Countr-y names ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ·, ~ •••••••••• 1 Offle'la! hoi tdays •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• '\!~ .......... 1 Currency exchange rate •••••••••••••••••••••••••• !f •••• ~ ••••• 1 Ttme zones ••••••••••••••••••••••• '•••••••••••••• " •••••••••• , 1 Host mt S5 1on ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , .. ; •••••••••• 2 US mission to Ethiopia and staff •••••••••••••••• ~f •••••••••• 2 TreatIes and agreements •••••••••••••••••••••••• "~ •••••••••• 2 Travel and vIsa Informatton •••••••••••••••••••••• f •••••••••• 3 EthnIc and socIocultural groups ••••••••••••••••• ~, •••••••••• 4 Lang uages •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••• - 6 Rei Iglons •.••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• " 6 G:>vernment ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7-10 Nat 1ona I str ucture ................................................. 7 Prov i ncas •.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7 Political opposltlon groups •••••••••••••••••• ;. •••••••••••••• 7 Armed canf I 1cts ••• , ••••••• ~_ •••• " ................. ! •••••••••• 8 1978 armed conf Ilcts status ••••••••••••••••••" •••• t •••••••••• 9 Key leaders ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~ •••••••• ,. •••••••••• 9 DIsaster preparedness •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 11-15 I-iost d t saster p I an ................................ , ., .......... 11 US P I an components ................................ " ............ 11 US contact •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~ ~ •••••••••• 11 Host contacts •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , •••••••••• 11 Red Cross ........................................... "' •.••.•••••• 11 Volags •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~, •••• •••••• 12 Storage ................................. " ••••••••••• ~ ••••••• ' •• 12 Disaster types and history •••••••••••••••.••••••• , .••••••••• 15 1973 drought ...................................... I •••••••••• 15 1978 drought status ••••••••••••••••••••••.••.••••••••••••••• 15 Popu I atlon ...................................................... 16-20 NatIonal demographIc characterlst1cs ••••••••.••••••••••••••• 16 Refugees .............................................. ~ ••••••• , •• 16 Urban/rural distribution of population ••••••••••• , •••••••••• 16 Popu I at Ion by prov 1ncas/towns." ..................... ~ •••••••••• 17 ! Health, nutritIon, and housIng •••. , •••••••••••••••••• it •• t ••••••• 21-36 Overa If hea I th status ,'••••••••••••••••••••••••••.• t •••••••••• 21 Dlseases •••••••••••••••• t, ••• t.t ............ t.t.t •••••• t ••••• 21 Fo I k med t c t ne ..................................... , •••••••••• 23 Nattonal vItal statistics ••••••· ......................... , •••• 23 Health servIces and facl' Itles •••••••••••••••••• }, •••••••••• 23 , •••••••••• Health personnel •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• t 31 Diet sumnlary •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , I! •••••••••• 33 Stap I e ,food s •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,. , •••••••••• 33 TraditIonal houstng •••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•• ~!. •••••••••• 35 Urban and rural. settlements •••••••••••••••••••• ~'t ......... 36 Economy ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , t , •••••••••• 37-40 Sector surrmary •• " •• "" ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , J' ••••••••• 37 1978 pr I cas ••••••••••• ! •••••••••••••••••••••••• ., ~ f •••••••••• 38 'GNP/GOP ••••••• ,." •••••••••• ' •••••••••••••••• 0 •••• ~!' ......... 38 Imports ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,,. •••••••••• 39 Agrtculture •••••••• " ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••••••••••• 41-46 Sector summary ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , •••• " ••••• ·41 Prod uct f on ••••.• " ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 42 Crops/area planted •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 42 Harvest dates ................................... " It! •••••••••• 43 1977/78 status ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ! •••••••••• 44 Exports ...................................................... 45 Imports •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• !! •••••••••• 46 Phys 1ca I g'eography and I and use •••••••••••••••••••• ,,! •••••••••• 47-59 CI fmate •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• r •••••••••• 47 Ra t nfa"11 and temperatures ••••••••••••••••• " ...... 1! ••••• " ••••• 47 Landforms G ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• " til ; " ••••••••• 51 E I evat Ions ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• " ~ " •••••••••• 52 Land use and eros t on •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , t •••••••••• 54 Land labor / customs •••••••••••••••• " • " ••••• " •••• " •••••••••••• 54 Land reform ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~, •••••••••• 55 Rivers and 1akes ••••••••• , •••• i ••••••••• " ........ II., •••••••••• 55 HIghlands •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , •••••••••• 57 Mounta t ns ......................................... t ; •••••••••• 57 Seismicity •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~, •••••••••• 59 Transportation and logistics ••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••• 60-71 Road network •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• l! "' •••••••••• 60 Vehtcles ......................................... " •••••••••• 61 Agenc i es ••••••••••••••••• " •• 0 •••••••••• " •••••••• !! , •••••••••• 61 Road equ t pment •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• : , •••••••••• 61 Df stances ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• "" •• ~, ••••• "" ••• 62 Ra t I road s .. " " •. " ...•.......•.. " .•.••.•... " ..••.• ~ , •......•.. 62 Ports ...............' •••••• " •••••••• " ••••••••••••• !, ......... 62 TransportatIon and logIstIcs (cont'd) Sh I pp I n9 compan t as ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~ ••••••••• 66 AIrports •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••. 66 Personal and.a1rcraft entry requirements •••••••• ! ••••••••••• 69 AIrlInes, domestIc and InternatIonal"",,"""!"", .. ,'" 70 Atr dlstances .................................... " ••••••••• 1 71 Power and communlcatlons ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~ ••••••••••• 72-74 EI ectr Ie power •••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••••••••••• 72 RadIo ne+work··································,'"t·········· 72 Te I a'phone system •••••• s', ••••••••••••••••••• o•••••• , •••••••••• 73 Ta I ev 1s ton •••• t •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0 , ! f. •• • , .•••••• 74 .B 1 b 11 ogr aphy ...................
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