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International Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences

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International Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences www.iaard.net IAARD Journals eISSN:2456-009X International Journal of Agriculture And Veterinary Sciences IAARD-International Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, 2018, 4(2),11-15 Occurrence and prevalence of Metazoan Parasites in farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromusniloticus) and Commoncarp (Cyprinuscarpio) in Sebeta fish farm, Sebeta, Ethiopia *Marshet Adugna Mitiku *EthiopianInstitute of Agricultural Research, National Fishery and Aquatic Life Research Center, Sebeta, Ethiopia P. O. Box 64, Sebeta, Ethiopia Email: [email protected] ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Abstract: Fish farming is the fastest growing sector of agriculture worldwide but many factors affect its development including fish parasites. A cross sectional study was conducted from November, 2016 to April, 2017 with the objective of identifying and determining the prevalence of internal parasites of fish from Nile tilapia and Common carp in Sebeta fish farm.Parasite identification was done based on the standard protocols and available manuals. The overall prevalence of internal parasites infection in the two species of fish was 46.67%. The risk factors considered in this study including sex and size of fish for the prevalence of internal parasite infestation showed statistically significant difference (P< 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in the prevalence of the parasite between the two species of fish. The highest prevalent parasite was the trematode Clinostomum species(13.6%) followed by Cestode Botherocephalus species and Nematode Contracaeum species. The lager sized fish are found highly infested than smaller sized fish. It is therefore important to control intermediate host, washing and disinfecting of ponds regularly and keeping good quality water as a means of prevention of the occurrence of internal parasites. Key words: Occurrence; Nile tilapia; Common carp; Parasites; Prevalence; Sebeta ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Introduction diseases have been described from fish of Ethiopian waters so Fish farming is a means of improving food security far, although their pathogenic significance is well recognized and supplementing income for families at subsistence level and [5]. Study on disease of fish in general and metazoan parasites the little surplus produced is sold in the local markets in particularly in culture condition are not well studied in the developing countries [1]. It has recently received increasing country. Previous studies in the country by Florio et al. [3]was attention among governments due to rapid increase in human based on same tilapia breeding farm, a dam, caged and riverine population, increasing need for inexpensive sources of protein fish. This study therefore aimed at investigating and and the stagnating or declining catches of fish from inland determining the prevalence of metazoan fish parasites infesting natural lakes have justified[1,2]. Nile tilapia farmed tilapia and common carp and associated risk factors in (Oreochromisniloticus) accounts the highest culture Sebeta fish farm. production, followed by African catfish (Clariasgariepinus), common carp (Cyprinuscarpio) and goldfish Material and Methods (Carassiusauratus) in Ethiopia. Nile tilapia and Common carp Study Area are the main species farmed and all of fish farming system is The study was conducted in Sebeta fish farm which under semi-intensive system. Some of the common challenges serves as spawning and research purpose for the National Fish of fish farming in the Ethiopia has challenged by predators, and Aquatic Life Research Center, Sebeta, Ethiopia. Sebeta lack of feeds, high mortality of fingerlings, lack of fish Farm is located in Oromia regional state in Sebeta city management information and availability of pathogen free administration. It is 24 km far from the capital city Addis fingerlings and environmental pollution, biosecurity and spread Ababa. It is situated at 2200m above sea level and an altitude of fish diseases including metazoan parasites [3]. of 8°55′N 38°37′E covering a total area of 16 hectare. The area Fish metazoan parasitic infestations in cultured fish is characterized by a moderately warm climate with annual farms can cause epizootics and mass mortality and the fish mean temperature of about 21OC. The area gets annual rainfall deaths may go unnoticed particularly when the few dead fishes of about 866–1200 millimetres. The annual minimum and are immediately consumed by piscivorous birds[4]. Fish maximum temperature is 18 oC to 25 oC respectively. metazoan parasites are a key constraint to production, sustainability and economic viability in aquaculture but little Study Population has been documented on fish parasites and their associated risk Nile tilapia and common carp were selected to be factors in small scale fish farms in Ethiopia well. The experimental animals. These fish species are the commercially occurrences of metazoan parasites and losses due to parasitic important fish species in the country and best candidate infestations have not been investigated in Ethiopia. Very few *Marshet Adugna Mitiku Page No.11 IAARD-International Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, 2018, 4(2),11-15 aquaculture fish species cultured in many small scale fish farms Results in Ethiopia. In the present study, one genus of cestode (Bothriocephalus spp.), one genus of nematode Study Design and Sample size (Contracaecumspp.) and three genera of trematode The study designewas across sectional study and the (Clinostomumspp, Euclinostomum spp. and Dactylogyrus spp.) fish selected for this study include Orechromisniloticus and parasites have been identified. The total prevalence of internal cyprinuscarpio. The factors considered were species of the parasites of O. niloticus and C. carpio in this study was found animal, sex, size and parasite type.The sample size wad to be 46.7% among which 50.00% and 45.6% of the C. carpio determined based on the tabulated value at 5% desired level of and O. niloticuswas infected by different genera of internal accuracy and at an estimate prevalence rate of 50% are most parasites respectively. The prevalence of internal parasites commonly used for presumed pathogenic agent with a 95% between the species of O. niloticus and C.capriofish were confidence limit [6]. Sample size needed to detect at least one compared (Table 1).The result showed that both species are infected host in fish population is 150, which represent greater susceptible to internal helminth parasites and C. carpio was the than 10,000 fish population however for better precision value highest prevalent (50%) and followed by O. niloticus with 180 fish sample size were taken. 45.58%. However there were no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of the helminth parasite between Fish Sampling the two species(x2<3.84, p>0.05). Both Nile tilapia and Common carp fish species were selected for this study as they are the most common cultured With regard to the size of the fish, comparative fish species in the farm. A total of 180 fish sample of two analysis of the prevalence was done (Table.2) and hence the species was caught using scoop nets. The fish specimen was prevalence has been observed to be higher in bigger sized fish transported to the laboratory live in water containing bucket. than smaller sized fish. There was statistically significant difference in the prevalence of the internal parasites among Morphometric measurements different sized fish(x2>3.84, p<0.05). The prevalence was also The sampled fish were killed humanely by dislocating compared between the two sexes of fish (Table.3). The the spinal cord using surgical blade. The morphometric prevalence was higher in female than male fish and showed parameters including total length (cm) and total weight statistically significant difference(x2 >3.84, p<0.05) in (gm)were measured with the aid of measuring board and prevalence of internal parasite among the sex. From the result weighing balance respectively. nematodes all are localized in the pericardial cavity (Table 4). The prevalence of Contracecum species in the O.niloticuswas Parasite examination found to be 9.55% and the prevalence of Contracecumspp. in External examination of the fish was made by the C.carpiowas found to be 9.09%. There is no statistically observing the skin and fins using naked eye and magnifying significant deference in the prevalence of the Contracecum glass. Mucus sample was then taken from the body surface parasite between the two species of fish(X2<3.83, P>0.05). especially from pectoral and ventral fish and direct smear was made on a slide and examined using compound The cestode parasite Bothriocephalus spp. was the only microscope.The abdominal wall was opened by inserting a cestode parasite recorded in this study found located in sharp end of scissor through the vent. The alimentary canal intestine as their predilection sites (Table 5). The relative were there after removed sectioned in to its parts; esophagus, prevalence of Bothrocephalus spp. in O.niloticus and C.carpio stomach, intestine and rectum and each section was separated was found to be 11.02% and 9.09% respectively. There is no in to Petri dish containing normal pond water, incised and statistically significant difference(X2<3.84, P>0.05) between examined for parasite by naked eye and under microscope. the two species with regard to the prevalence of Bothroephalus Other organs such as gas bladder, liver, spleen, heart, gill eye spp.
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