DOCSLIB.ORG

HANDS-ON INVESTMENT GUIDE Oromia Regional State Ethiopia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
HANDS-ON INVESTMENT GUIDE Oromia Regional State Ethiopia HANDS-ON INVESTMENT GUIDE Oromia Regional State Ethiopia Horticulture Floriculture and Dairy Dear Investor It is an honour to introduce Our region has not only vast fertile this practical investment guide of land and favourable agro-ecology but Oromia Regional State. also has comparatively good logistical facilities spanning from the centre to Though this guide focuses on different corners of the country. Being horticulture, floriculture and dairy, the leading foreign direct investment Oromia offers enormous opportunities destination among all regions in in other related areas such as poultry, Ethiopia, we have learned how to aquaculture, spices/herbs/aromatics, serve international investors. Above apiculture and agro-processing. all, we are always eager to improve. Come and take part in the big Published and commissioned by opportunity!” Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia In cooperation with Oromia National Regional State of Ethiopia Mr. Muktar Kedir, July 2015 President of Oromia Regional State 3. 22 Floriculture Business Opportunity National business overview Business within Oromia Specific opportunity areas 4. 28 Dairy and Livestock Business Opportunity National business overview Business within Oromia IN Specific opportunity products 36 Investment5. climate 6. THIS 42 Incentives 7. 46 Getting started Scoping and site selection GUIDE Registration, licensing and land acquisition How to get started 8. 1. Checklist Application Investment License Introducing Oromia Regional State 04 54 Entirely owned by a foreign investor 2. Joint Investment between domestic and foreign investors 08 Horticulture Business Opportunity National business overview Business within Oromia 9. Useful contacts Specific opportunity products 56 Introducing Oromia Regional State INTRO- ETHIOPIA DUCING Addis Ababa Nekemet Hareri OROMIA Bishoftu Mojo Adama Meki Jimma Assela Ziway REGIONAL OROMIA STATE Shashemene Fast facts Geography: Oromia Regional State covers an area of 363.346 square Economy: Agriculture is the kilometres. It is the largest region dominant sector in the region - with covering over one-third of the nation. 55,8% share of the regional GDP. Population: Oromia is the most Language: Afan Oromo is the populous region in Ethiopia with 33,9 official language while Amharic boundaries with Kenya in the South million people. Of this population 49% and other local languages are Geography and South Sudan in the West. The is between 15-60 years old while widely spoken. English is used in Oromia National Regional State is region occupies vast and fertile areas another 48% is below the age of 15 schools and international business one of nine regions within the Federal in the East, South East, Central showing strong current and future communication. Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. It is and Western parts of Ethiopia. manpower base. the largest region covering an area Administratively, it is divided into 18 Political system: The political of 363.346 square kilometres, more zones, 309 districts and 39 urban Climate: Mean annual rainfall varies landscape of the region complies with than the size of Germany. Oromia administrative. The national capital from 200 up to 2.400mm and annual a multi-party democracy system of borders all national regional states Addis Ababa, known as Finfinne in mean temperature lies between 7,5- the country. of Ethiopia except Tigray in different Afan Oromo, is also the capital city of 27,5°C. directions. It also shares international the region. 4 5 Introducing Oromia Regional State Introducing Oromia Regional State Population Economy Language Political Over 33,9 million people live in Agriculture, services and industry Afan Oromo is the official language Oromia Regional State. It is the most are the major economic endeavours of Oromia National Regional State. System populous region in Ethiopia. Of this within Oromia region accounting for It is also the most widely spoken The political landscape of the total population 49,2%are between a respective share of 56,2%, 32,9% language in Ethiopia. Other local region complies with a multi-party the ages of 15-64 while another and 10,9% of the regional economy. languages as Amharic, Guragigna, democracy system of the country. 47,6% are below the age of 15 years Oromia has fertile soils and diverse Somali, Tigrigna and many more The regional house of people implying strong manpower resources. agro-ecology that makes it ideal for are also spoken within the region. representative (Chafe in Afan Oromo) Nearly, 86,27 of the population lives agriculture. Crop production, livestock English is the medium of instruction is the law making body. All laws in rural areas. Population density is and forestry account for respectively at school and international business made at regional level are aligned the highest in South West Shewa 49%, 14% and 4% within the sector. communication; many people in with Federal proclamations and zone while it is lowest in Borena The major crops grown in the government offices and major towns strictly adhere to the constitution of Zone. Adama (Nazreth), Bishoftu region are coffee, cereals, oilseeds, speak the language. the Federal Democratic Republic of (Debre Zeit), Jimma, Nekemte, pulses, vegetables and fruits. Over Ethiopia. Assela, Ambo and Shashemene are 60% of Ethiopia’s top export earner the most prominent cities and towns commodity coffee comes from with population size of over 50.000 Oromia region. About 36% of the people. livestock in Ethiopia, 37% of the poultry and 50% of the beehives are found in the Oromia National Climate Regional State. Oromia is the leading The mean annual rainfall of the investment destination in Ethiopia region varies from 200 mm to and better positioned in terms of 2.400mm while annual mean infrastructure. temperature mostly lie between 7,5-27,5°C. The region generally receives high rainfall. The region has tropical (49,8%), sub-tropical (42,2%), and temperate (7,5%) climate. Areas in the South and South Eastern part of the region and others in the Great Rift Valley are mostly lowland. The majority of the Central, Western and parts of Bale, Arsi and Harargehe in the Southeast and East are midland or highland. Oromia is home to a number of ecological attractions such as the Bale Mountains, the largest Afro-Alpine forest in Africa. Awash, Wabe-Shebele, Genale, Gibe, Baro, Dedessa and Guder are major rivers in the region. The region has 12 major lakes, which cover a total area of 3.135 square kilometres. 6 7 Horticulture Business Opportunity HORTI- ETHIOPIA CULTURE Addis BUSINESS Ababa OPPOR- Horticulture OROMIA corridors TUNITY Wellega - Dedesa Jimma - Gibe Fast facts Great Rift Valley West - South West Shewa National business overview: vegetable. Four horticulture potential Ethiopia has 12 major river basins corridors: Great Rift Valley, East-West East - West Hararghe with an annual runoff volume of 122 Hararghe, Jimma-Gibe and West billion meter cubic of water and an and South-West Shewa. A special estimated 2,6 – 6,5 billion meter consideration of Welega corridor for billion meter cubic of water and an cubic of ground water potential. It fruit production and processing is Horticulture: estimated 2,6 – 6,5 billion meter cubic is often referred as the water tower highlighted. of ground water potential. It is often of Africa, the country has 4 million National referred as the water tower of Africa. hectare irrigable land, over 90 million Specific opportunity products: It has 4 million hectare irrigable land. people, strong peace and stability Potato, potato crisp, flakes and flour; and favourable investment policies (cherry) tomato, tomato paste and Business The horticulture sector has shown that makes it attractive to international juice; fresh beans, peas and canning; rapid growth over the last five years, investors in general and horticulture cabbage, kale and cauliflower, and Overview with cumulative growth of 22%. sector in particular. eggplant; onion and shallots, garlic; Ethiopia has strong potential and According to data from Central grapes and strawberries; chilli, green competitive edge in agriculture in Statistical Authority (CSA) of Ethiopia Business within Oromia: and red pepper; citrus and juice general and horticulture in particular. fresh fruits and vegetables production Oromia Regional State produces processing; tropical fruits, vegetable The country has 12 major river basins in 2013 was estimated to be over 5 42% of the national fruit and seed; spices, herbs and aromatics. with an annual runoff volume of 122 million MT. 8 9 Horticulture Business Opportunity Horticulture Business Opportunity The Agricultural Transformation Horticulture (Fresh and Processed) Agency (ATA) of Ethiopia estimated Export in 1000 MT ATA Horticulture Matrix that annual domestic market of horticultural products around US $ 900 Million. Smallholder farmers 200 are the principal suppliers of fruits Primary and vegetables, but the commercial Sub- Other high Nearby zones and horticultural production focusing on Corridor production corridor crops high production crops high value products is increasing fast. (Region) Fruits and vegetables production in 150 the smallholders sector is mainly rain fed, while most commercial farmers use irrigation. According to a report • Fava bean • West Shewa (Oromia): potato, pepper and • East Shewa fava bean by Ministry of Agriculture (2009), a 100 Addis (Oromia) • Snow peas • South West Shewa (Oromia): fava bean, pea total of close 0,8 million hectares Oromia • North Shewa • Hops
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Districts of Ethiopia
    Region District or Woredas Zone Remarks Afar Region Argobba Special Woreda -- Independent district/woredas Afar Region Afambo Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Asayita Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Chifra Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Dubti Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Elidar Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Kori Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Mille Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Abala Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Afdera Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Berhale Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Dallol Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Erebti Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Koneba Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Megale Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Amibara Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Awash Fentale Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Bure Mudaytu Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Dulecha Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Gewane Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Aura Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Ewa Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Gulina Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Teru Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Yalo Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Dalifage (formerly known as Artuma) Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Dewe Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Hadele Ele (formerly known as Fursi) Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Simurobi Gele'alo Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Telalak Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Amhara Region Achefer -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Angolalla Terana Asagirt -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Artuma Fursina Jile -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Banja -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Belessa --
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Revolutionary Anti-Imperialism
    FIRE THE POLITICS OF REVOLUTIONARY ANTI-IMPERIALISM ---- - ... POLITICAL STATEMENT OF THE UND£ $1.50 Prairie Fire Distributing Lo,rnrrntte:e This edition ofPrairie Fire is published and copyrighted by Communications Co. in response to a written request from the authors of the contents. 'rVe have attempted to produce a readable pocket size book at a re'ls(m,tbl.e cost. Weare printing as many as fast as limited resources allow. We hope that people interested in Revolutionary ideas and events will morc and better editions possible in the future. (And that this edition at least some extent the request made by its authors.) PO Box 411 Communications Co. Times Plaza Sta. PO Box 40614, Sta. C Brooklyn, New York San FrancisQ:O, Ca. 11217 94110 Quantity rates upon request to Peoples' Bookstores and Community organiza- tlOBS. PRAIRIE FIRE THE POLITICS OF REVOLUTIONARY ANTI-IMPERIALISM POLITICAL STATEMENT , OF THE WEATHER Copyright © 1974 by Communications Co. UNDERGROUND All rights reserved The pUblisher's copyright is not intended to discourage the use ofmaterial from this book for political debate and study. It is intended to prevent false and distorted reproduction and profiteering. Aside from those limits, people are free to utilize the material. This edition is a copy of the original which was Printed Underground In the US For The People Published by Communications Co. 1974 +h(~ of OlJr(1)mYl\Q~S tJ,o ~Q.Ve., ~·Ir tllJ€~ it) #i s\-~~\~ 'Yt)l1(ch ~, \~ 10 ~~\ d~~~ee.' l1~rJ 1I'bw~· reU'w) ~it· e\rrp- f'0nit'l)o yralt· ~YZlpmu>I')' ca~-\e.v"C2lmp· ~~ ~[\.ll10' ~li~ ~n.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Branch Manager (Grade I)
    No. 006/21 Date: August 29, 2021 ZamZam Bank S.C Vacancy Announcement ZamZam Bank S C is the first bank licensed to operate as full-fledged Interest Free Bank in the country shouldering a huge responsibility for enhancing financial inclusion in Ethiopia. To this effect the Bank would like to recruit qualified job applicants for the following vacant posts and invite interested applicants who fulfill the minimum qualification and work experience listed for the job openings. 1. Branch Manager (Grade I) Minimum qualification and work experience: BA Degree in Economics, Management, Accounting or other business-related fields with 5 years of banking operation experience respectively of which 2 years as senior officer/customer service manager or equivalent role in branch banking area. Core competencies: Branch management; Build high performance team; Commitment and time management; Problem solving; Coaching and mentoring; Internal control; Effective communication; Sales and marketing skill; and Negotiation skill. Place of work: Dessie, Dire Dawa , Harar, Aweday, Jigjiga , Adama, Jimma, Wolkite, Shashemene , Dilla, and Worabe. Number of vacant posts: 11 Salary: As per the Bank’s scale and attractive benefit packages. Gender: Male/Female Language: The applicant must have proven proficiency in Amharic and English languages. Knowledge of local language is advantageous. 2. Senior Banking Business Officer Minimum qualification and work experience: B.A Degree in Economics, Management, Accounting or other business-related fields with 4 years of banking experience of which 2 years as Banking Business Officer or equivalent. Core competencies: Branch operations; Sales and Marketing; Core banking application; Customer experience; Industry & product knowledge; and Problem Identification and Solution.
    [Show full text]
  • 12015418 06.Pdf
    Attachment Ethiopian Roads Authority The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia PREPARATORY SURVEY REPORT ON THE PROJECT FOR REPLACEMENT OF GOGECHA BRIDGE & MODJO BRIDGE ON A1 TRUNK ROAD IN THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA January 2011 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY CENTRAL CONSULTANT INC. Contents Location Map / Perspective Contents Chapter 1 Basic Concept of the Project ...................................................................................................B-1 1-1 Overall Goal and Project Goal ..........................................................................................................B-1 1-1-1 Ethiopian Road Development Plan .........................................................................................B-1 1-1-2 Overall Goal and Project Goal ................................................................................................B-1 1-2 Project Overview ..........................................................................................................................B-2 1-3 Environmental and Social Consideration .....................................................................................B-2 1-3-1 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Road Projects ...................................................B-2 1-3-2 Legislation and System of Land Expropriation .......................................................................B-3 1-3-3 Environmental and Social Consideration Survey ....................................................................B-4 Chapter
    [Show full text]
  • Determinants of Child Survival Chances in Rural Ethiopia Ermias Dessie Buli* Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia [email protected]
    Proceedings 59th ISI World Statistics Congress, 25-30 August 2013, Hong Kong (Session CPS105) p.4571 Determinants of Child Survival Chances in Rural Ethiopia Ermias Dessie Buli* Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia [email protected] Abstract In a country like Ethiopia that has poor social conditions and more than 50% of its population illiterate and under the poverty line, the level of communicable diseases is found to be the highest magnitude (CIA World Fact book, 2009). So the importance of this study is to reveal the effect of socioeconomic, environmental, demographic and health related variables on child mortality in rural Ethiopia. The data set used originates from the demographic and health survey (DHS) conducted in Ethiopia 2005. The analysis was conducted using Cox proportional hazards model which analyses the effects of covariates on child mortality and other statistical methods. The study shows that source of drinking water, birth order number, sex of child, breast feeding status, wealth index of household, father’s education, mother’s education and family size have significant contribution on child mortality. Since educated parents have enough Knowledge on how to care their children, parents should be educated as well as mothers should be encouraged to breast feed their children. Furthermore, marriage at the right age is recommended and integrated child care and family planning programs are paramount. Government should improve society services like providing clean water which contributes to better children health status. Key Words: Child mortality, Cox proportional hazards model 1. INTRODUCTION 1 Proceedings 59th ISI World Statistics Congress, 25-30 August 2013, Hong Kong (Session CPS105) p.4572 Ethiopia is the third largest populous country in Africa with population of 73.9 million of which more than 84.2% live in rural areas (CSA, 2007).
    [Show full text]
  • VENEREAL DISEASES in ETHIOPIA Survey and Recommendations THORSTEIN GUTHE, M.D., M.P.H
    Bull. World Hlth Org. 1949, 2, 85-137 10 VENEREAL DISEASES IN ETHIOPIA Survey and Recommendations THORSTEIN GUTHE, M.D., M.P.H. Section on Venereal Diseases World Health Organization Page 1. Prevalent diseases . 87 1.1 Historical .............. 87 1.2 Distribution.............. 88 2. Syphilis and related infections . 89 2.1 Spread factors . 89 2.2 Nature of syphilis . 91 2.3 Extent of syphilis problem . 98 2.4 Other considerations . 110 3. Treatment methods and medicaments . 114 3.1 Ancient methods of treatment . 114 3.2 Therapy and drugs . 115 4. Public-health organization. 116 4.1 Hospital facilities . 117 4.2 Laboratory facilities . 120 4.3 Personnel .............. 121 4.4 Organizational structure . 122 4.5 Legislation.............. 124 5. Recommendations for a venereal-disease programme . 124 5.1 General measures. ........... 125 5.2 Personnel, organization and administration . 126 5.3 Collection of data . 127 5.4 Diagnostic and laboratory facilities . 129 5.5 Treatment facilities . 130 5.6 Case-finding, treatment and follow-up . 131 5.7 Budget. ......... ... 134 6. Summary and conclusions . 134 References . 136 In spite of considerable handicaps, valuable developments in health took place in Ethiopia during the last two decades. This work was abruptly arrested by the war, and the fresh start necessary on the liberation of the country emphasized that much health work still remains to be done. A realistic approach to certain disease-problems and the necessity for compe- tent outside assistance to tackle such problems form the basis for future work. The accomplishments of the Ethiopian Government in the limited time since the war bode well for the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Hum Ethio Manitar Opia Rian Re Espons E Fund D
    Hum anitarian Response Fund Ethiopia OCHA, 2011 OCHA, 2011 Annual Report 2011 Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Humanitarian Response Fund – Ethiopia Annual Report 2011 Table of Contents Note from the Humanitarian Coordinator ................................................................................................ 2 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. 3 1. Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................ 4 1.1 2011 Humanitarian Context ........................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Map - 2011 HRF Supported Projects ............................................................................................. 6 2. Information on Contributors ................................................................................................................ 7 2.1 Donor Contributions to HRF .......................................................................................................... 7 3. Fund Overview .................................................................................................................................... 8 3.1 Summary of HRF Allocations in 2011 ............................................................................................ 8 3.1.1 HRF Allocation by Sector .......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • OCHA East Hub Easthararghe Zone of Oromia: Flash Floods 290K 13
    OCHA East Hub East Hararghe Zone of Oromia: Flash floods Flash Update No. 1 As of 26 August 2020 HIGHLIGHTS Districts affected by flash floods as of 20 August 2020 • 290,185 people (58,073HHs) were affected due to the recent flood and landslide • 169 PAs in 13 districts (Haromaya, Goro Muxi, Kersa Melka Belo, Bedeno, Meta, Deder, Kumbi, Giraw, Kurfa Calle, Kombolcha, Jarso and Goro Gutu) were affected. • Over 42,000IDPs in those affected woredas were also affected including secondary displacement in some areas like the 56HH IDPs in Calanqo city of Metta woreda • 970 houses were damaged out of which 330 were totally damaged resulting to the displacement for 1090 people. Moreover,22,080 hectares of meher plantations were damaged impacting 18885 people in 4 districts and landslides on 2061 hectares affected 18785 people. A total of 18 human deaths as well as 135 livestock deaths reported. • 4 roads with total length of 414kms were partially damaged which might cause physical access constraints to 4-5 woredas of the zone. 290K 13 affected Districts affected people SITUATION OVERVIEW East Hararghe zone is recurrently affected by flood impact. Chronically,9 woredas of the zone, namely, Kersa, Melak Belo, Midhega Tola, Bedeno, Gursum, Deder, Babile, Haromaya ad Metta were prone to flooding. The previous flood in May affected 8 of the these woredas were 10,067 HHs (over 60,000 people) in 62 kebeles were affected. During this time, over 2000 hectares of Belg plantations were damaged. Only Babile woreda was reached with few assistances from some partners. The NMA predicted that above normal rainfall will likely to happen in the Eastern part after June.
    [Show full text]
  • QUALM; *Quoion Answeringsystems
    DOCUMENT RESUME'. ED 150 955 IR 005 492 AUTHOR Lehnert, Wendy TITLE The Process'of Question Answering. Research Report No. 88. ..t. SPONS AGENCY Advanced Research Projects Agency (DOD), Washington, D.C. _ PUB DATE May 77 CONTRACT ,N00014-75-C-1111 . ° NOTE, 293p.;- Ph.D. Dissertation, Yale University 'ERRS' PRICE NF -$0.83 1C- $15.39 Plus Post'age. DESCRIPTORS .*Computer Programs; Computers; *'conceptual Schemes; *Information Processing; *Language Classification; *Models; Prpgrai Descriptions IDENTIFIERS *QUALM; *QuOion AnsweringSystems . \ ABSTRACT / The cOmputationAl model of question answering proposed by a.lamputer program,,QUALM, is a theory of conceptual information processing based 'bon models of, human memory organization. It has been developed from the perspective of' natural language processing in conjunction with story understanding systems. The p,ocesses in QUALM are divided into four phases:(1) conceptual categorization; (2) inferential analysis;(3) content specification; and (4) 'retrieval heuristict. QUALM providea concrete criterion for judging the strengths and weaknesses'of store representations.As a theoretical model, QUALM is intended to describ general question answerinlg, where question antiering is viewed as aerbal communicb.tion. device betieen people.(Author/KP) A. 1 *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied'by EDRS are the best that can be made' * from. the original document. ********f******************************************,******************* 1, This work-was
    [Show full text]
  • Bishoftu Town Residents' Perception About Economic, Environmental And
    Vol. 11(2), pp. 21-39, July-September 2020 DOI: 10.5897/JHMT2020.0277 Article Number: 3546FF764872 ISSN 2141-6575 Copyright © 2020 Journal of Hospitality Management and Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/JHMT Tourism Full Length Research Paper Bishoftu town residents’ perception about economic, environmental and socio-cultural impacts of urban tourism Genet Abera1* and Engdawork Assefa2 1Department of Tourism Management, College of Social Science and Humanities, Bule Hora University, BuleHora, Ethiopia. 2Department of Tourism and Management, College of Development Studies, Center for Environment and Sustainable Development, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Received 4 February, 2020; Accepted 7 April, 2020 The main purpose of this study is to explore the perception of Bishoftu town residents about the impacts of urban tourism. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed to achieve the objective of this study. Random sampling procedure was used for selection of respondents from the residents. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. The result of factor analysis showed that three factors named economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts explained 53.24% of variation in the perceptions of residents. However, most of the local residents and stakeholders were unaware of negative impact of urban tourism. MANOVA analysis indicated that, there was no significant difference between the mean of underlying dimensions of the perceived urban tourism impacts, and socio-demographic characteristics. The concerned bodies and officials should take the issues into account while planning and devising various measures. Key words: Urban tourism, residents‟ perception, tourism impacts, Bishoftutown. INTRODUCTION Tourism is widely perceived as an economic positives, it can also be the cause of a lot of problems in development tool for the local community, providing the local societies.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrological Extremes and Their Association with ENSO Phases in Ethiopia
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/681528; this version posted June 24, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Hydrological Extremes and their Association with ENSO Phases in Ethiopia Abu Tolcha Gari Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research Corresponding author: Email: [email protected]; Tel: +251-9-1281-2790, Fax: +251-022-331-1508 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/681528; this version posted June 24, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Abstract Ethiopia is a rain fed agriculture country, which is subjected to high climate variability in space and time, leading to hydrological extremes causing loss of life and property more frequently. Droughts are more common and sometime floods are experienced in various parts of the country. Being a tropical country, the inter-annual climate variability in Ethiopia is dominated by ENSO (ElNino and Southern Oscillation). In this study, an attempt has been made to determine the occurrence of droughts and floods on monthly basis, by calculating the monthly SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) using the available rainfall data during (1975-2005) at selected 26 stations that spread across the country. Based on the monthly SPI values computed, the droughts and floods of different intensities; extreme, severe and dry have been determined for all stations.
    [Show full text]
  • GREAT ETHIOPIAN ROUTES the East - Danakil, Harar and Bale Mountains © Ethiopian Tourism Organization
    GREAT ETHIOPIAN ROUTES The East - Danakil, Harar and Bale Mountains © Ethiopian Tourism Organization. Version V1.0 1115 Version Organization. Tourism © Ethiopian www.ethiopia.travel Text: Philip Briggs; Photography: David Kirkland, Aziz Ahmed, Ludwig Siege, Antonio Fiorente Antonio Kirkland, David Siege, Briggs; Photography: Philip Aziz Ludwig Ahmed, Text: The East - Danakil, Harar and Bale Mountains • The scorching Danakil, where salt-bearing camel caravans traipse mirage-like across blinding-white salt-flats, swept by a gale known as the Gara, or Fire Wind. • Volatile Erta Ale, its volcanic caldera cradling a bubbling cauldron of molten black lava and eruptive glowing fountains of red-hot magma. • The labyrinthine alleys of Harar Jugol, an ancient walled citadel with a wealth of Islamic mosques and shrines, bustling markets overhung with aromatic spices and cafes brewing freshly-roasted coffee plucked from the surrounding hills. • The Afro-Alpine moorland of the Sanetti Plateau in Bale Mountains, where handsome red Ethiopian wolves - the world’s most endangered canids - trot jauntily through the pastel-shaded heather. • The cool damp Harenna Forest in Bale Mountains, a vast tract of gnarled tree heathers, towering bamboo clumps and a canopy of evergreen foliage. • A rapier-horned oryx antelope cantering across wide open plains of Awash National Park, a group of colourfully dressed sellers in Dire Dawa open-air market, the immense limestone caverns of Sof Omar. This is Eastern Ethiopia. A land of astonishing geographic extremes, where the austere lavascapes and salt-flats of the northern Rift Valley, which plunges to 116m below sea level in the Danakil, contrast with the misty peaks of the Bale Mountains, which rise over 4,300m a short distance further south.
    [Show full text]