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(Step) Green Paper 10 April 2013 Solving the E-Waste Problem (StEP) Green Paper E-waste Country Study Ethiopia Andreas Manhart, Öko-Institut e.V. Tadesse Amera, PAN Ethiopia Mehari Belay, PAN Ethiopia ISSN: 2219-6579 (Online) ISSN: 2219-6560 (In-Print) Solving the E-Waste Problem (StEP) Initiative Green Paper 0 E-waste Country Study Ethiopia United Nations University/StEP Initiative 2013 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons by-nc-nd License. To view a copy of this license, please visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This publication may thus be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the StEP Initiative/United Nations University. The StEP Initiative/United Nations University would appreciate receiving a copy of any pub- lication that uses this publication as a source. Disclaimer StEP Green Paper Series The StEP Green Paper Series is a publication tool for research findings which meet the core principles of StEP and contribute to its objectives towards solving the e-waste prob- lem. StEP members agreed on this support of the author(s) work, but do not necessarily endorse the conclusions made. Hence, StEP Green Papers are not necessarily reflecting a common StEP standpoint. The StEP Green Paper series is published complimentary to the StEP White Paper Series for publication of findings generated within StEP which have been endorsed by its mem- bers. 1 Solving the E-Waste Problem (StEP) Initiative Green Paper E-waste Country Study Ethiopia Acknowledgements We take pleasure in thanking those StEP members and external experts who have actively contributed to the development of this StEP Green Paper. Isack Amare, Director of Private Sector ICT Development Coordination Directorate, Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (MCIT), Ethiopia Wondwossen Sintayehu, Director Environmental Management Systems, Environmen- tal Protection Authority (EPA), Ethiopia Gezahegn Chalchisa, MCIT, Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (MCIT), Ethiopia Dereje Masresha, Manager of the Demanufacturing Facility (DMF), Ethiopia. Solving the E-Waste Problem (StEP) Initiative Green Paper 2 E-waste Country Study Ethiopia Worldwide Impacts of Substance Restrictions of ICT Equipment 3 Solving the E-Waste Problem (StEP) Initiative Green Paper E-waste Country Study Ethiopia E-waste Country Study Ethiopia by Andreas Manhart, Öko-Institut e.V. Tadesse Amera, PAN Ethiopia Mehari Belay, PAN Ethiopia [email protected] . Solving the E-Waste Problem (StEP) Initiative Green Paper 4 E-waste Country Study Ethiopia Worldwide Impacts of Substance Restrictions of ICT Equipment Table of Content Acronyms ................................................................................................................... 6 Executive Summary .................................................................................................. 8 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 10 2 Ethiopia: Facts and geographic overview ...................................................... 10 3 Electrical and electronic products in Ethiopia ............................................... 11 3.1 Development, infrastructure and ICT penetration ......................................................... 11 3.2 Manufacturing and imports ........................................................................................... 14 3.3 Distribution of EEE ....................................................................................................... 17 3.4 Data on stocks and volumes .......................................................................................... 17 4 Current e-waste management practices ......................................................... 22 4.1 Solid waste management situation in Ethiopia ............................................................. 22 4.2 Repair shops .................................................................................................................. 24 4.3 E-waste collection ......................................................................................................... 24 4.4 Pre-processing ............................................................................................................... 26 4.5 End-processing .............................................................................................................. 27 4.5.1 Steel........................................................................................................................ 28 4.5.2 Plastics .................................................................................................................... 29 4.5.3 Aluminium, copper and printed wiring boards ...................................................... 29 4.6 Final disposal ................................................................................................................. 29 5 Downstream markets ........................................................................................ 30 5.1 Copper cables ................................................................................................................ 30 5.2 Printed wiring boards (PWBs) and contacts ................................................................. 31 5.3 Copper-steel-plastic mix ................................................................................................ 31 5.4 Pure copper .................................................................................................................... 31 5.5 Plastics ........................................................................................................................... 32 5.6 CRT-glass ...................................................................................................................... 33 6 Legal framework of e-waste management ...................................................... 33 7 Recommendations ............................................................................................ 34 7.1 Further develop the e-waste collection from offices and businesses ............................ 35 7.2 Optimise pre-processing and storage in the Demanufacturing Facility ........................ 35 7.3 Widen the scope to other EEE ....................................................................................... 36 7.4 Develop solutions for non-valuable fractions ............................................................... 36 7.5 Develop a national e-waste strategy .............................................................................. 36 7.6 Take into account the whole life cycle of electrical and electronic products ................ 37 7.7 Develop a financing mechanism ................................................................................... 37 8 Bibliography ...................................................................................................... 39 5 Solving the E-Waste Problem (StEP) Initiative Green Paper E-waste Country Study Ethiopia List of Photographs Photo 1 Electronic equipment retail shops in Kazanchis, Addis Ababa ................................... 17 Photo 2 a & b Filled solid waste containers .......................................................................... 22 Photo 3 a & b People picking through mixed solid municipal waste ................................... 23 Photo 4 Computer dismantling in the Demanufacturing Facility in Akaki .............................. 25 Photo 5 a & b Shops dealing with used EEE in Merkato Market, Addis Ababa ................... 27 Photo 6 Manually dismantled and sorted desktop PC .............................................................. 28 Photo 7 Pure copper retrieved from the yokes of CRTs ........................................................... 32 List of Tables Table 1 Selected figures and indicators for Ethiopia ................................................................ 11 Table 2 Selected development indicators for Ethiopia and other African countries ................ 12 Table 3 Selected ICT development indicators for Ethiopia and other African countries ......... 12 Table 4 Major cities in Ethiopia ............................................................................................... 14 Table 5 Number of devices present in the various types of entities ......................................... 19 Table 6 Total number of electrical and electronic devices legally imported into Ethiopia ...... 20 Table 7 Estimated number of EEE in use in private households in four selected cities .......... 20 Table 8 Estimated number of EEE in use in private households .............................................. 20 Table 9 Estimated stock of non-functional equipment in three selected cities in 2011 ........... 20 Table 10 Estimated stock, by weight (kg), of non-functional equipment ............................... 21 Table 11 Estimated total stock, by weight (kg), of non-functional equipment ........................ 21 Table 12 Ethiopian policies and regulations ............................................................................. 34 List of Figure Figure 1 Shaded relief map of Ethiopia ..................................................................................
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