Pulses in Ethiopia, Their Taxonomy and Agricultural Significance E.Westphal

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Pulses in Ethiopia, Their Taxonomy and Agricultural Significance E.Westphal Pulses in Ethiopia, their taxonomy andagricultura l significance E.Westphal JN08201,579 E.Westpha l Pulses in Ethiopia, their taxonomy and agricultural significance Proefschrift terverkrijgin g van degraa dva n doctori nd elandbouwwetenschappen , opgeza gva n derecto r magnificus, prof.dr .ir .H .A . Leniger, hoogleraar ind etechnologie , inne t openbaar teverdedige n opvrijda g 15 maart 1974 desnamiddag st evie ruu r ind eaul ava nd eLandbouwhogeschoo lt eWageninge n Centrefor AgriculturalPublishing and Documentation Wageningen- 8February 1974 46° 48° TOWNS AND VILLAGES DEBRE BIRHAN 56 MAJI DEBRE SINA 57 BUTAJIRA KARA KORE 58 HOSAINA KOMBOLCHA 59 DE8RE ZEIT (BISHUFTU) BATI 60 MOJO TENDAHO 61 MAKI SERDO 62 ADAMI TULU 8 ASSAB 63 SHASHAMANE 9 WOLDYA 64 SODDO 10 KOBO 66 BULKI 11 ALAMATA 66 BAKO 12 LALIBELA 67 GIDOLE 13 SOKOTA 68 GIARSO 14 MAICHEW 69 YABELO 15 ENDA MEDHANE ALEM 70 BURJI 16 ABIYAOI 71 AGERE MARIAM 17 AXUM 72 FISHA GENET 16 ADUA 73 YIRGA CHAFFE 19 ADIGRAT 74 DILA 20 SENAFE 75 WONDO 21 ADI KAYEH 76 YIRGA ALEM 22 ADI UGRI 77 AGERE SELAM 23 DEKEMHARE 78 KEBRE MENGIST (ADOLA) 24 MASSAWA 79 NEGELLI 25 KEREN 80 MEGA 26 AGOROAT 81 MOYALE 27 BARENIU 82 DOLO 28 TESENEY 83 EL KERE 29 OM HAJER 84 GINIR 30 DEBAREK 85 ADABA 31 METEMA 86 DODOLA 32 GORGORA 87 BEKOJI 33 ADDIS ZEMEN 88 TICHO 34 DEBRE TABOR 89 NAZRET (ADAMA 35 BAHAR DAR 90 METAHARA 36 DANGLA 91 AWASH 37 INJIBARA 92 MIESO 38 GUBA 93 ASBE TEFERI 39 BURE 94 BEDESSA 40 DEMBECHA 95 GELEMSO 41 FICHE 96 HIRNA 42 AGERE HIWET (AMB3) 97 KOBBO 43 BAKO (SHOA) 98 DIRE DAWA 44 GIMBI 99 ALEMAYA 45 MENDI 100 FIK 46 ASOSA 101 IMI 47 DEMBI DOLO 102 JIJIGA 48 GAMBELA 103 OEGEH BUR 49 BEDELLE 104 AWARE 50 DEMBI 105 WERDER 51 GHION(WOLLISO) 106 GELADi 52 WELKITE 107 SHILALO 53 AGARO 108 KEBRE DEHAR 54 BONGA 109 KELAFO 55 MIZAN TEFERI 110 FERFER LAKES LAKE RUDOLF G LAKE ABAYITA LAKE CHEW BAHIR H LAKE LANGANO LAKE CHAMO(RUSPOLI) J LAKE ZIWAI LAKE ABAYA K LAKE TANA (MARGHERITA) L LAKE ABBE LAKE AWASA M LAKE ASALE LAKE SHALA MOUNTAIN PEAKS RAS OASHAN (4620 M) RAS BIRHAN MTA8UNA YOSEF (4194M) MT YERER MT GUNA (4281 M) MT GURAGE AMBAFARIT (3978 M) MT TOLA MT AMEDAMIT (3619 M) PEAK IN AMARRO MTS (3600 M) Abstract WESTPHAL,E .(1974 )Pulse si nEthiopia ,thei r taxonomyan dagricultura l significance. Doctoralthesis , Wageningen,ISB N9 022 0050 1 1,(viii ) + 276p. ,2 8figs, 7 2plates , 1 table,20 4refs ,Dutc h summary, indexes of common and scientific plant names. Also:Agric .Res .Rep .(Versl .landbouwk . Onderz.)815 . Theboo k isth efirs t in a serieso f publications on Ethiopian useful plants.I t treats 19 papilionaceous crops, both from a taxonomic and an agricultural standpoint. Special chapters are dedicated to the physical and biological environment, the agro-ecological regionsi nwhic hth ecountr yca nb edivided ,th eagricultura l systems, and some taxonomic problems withspecia lreferenc e to 'cultivar' taxonomy. The extensive botanical description of each taxon is accompanied by a full-page drawing, photo­ graphs of the seeds, lists of synonyms, literature and names, and details on taxonomic problems, occurrence, ecology, husbandry, uses and protein content. Indices on common and scientific plant names are added. Cover plate by H. C. D. de Wit. ISBN 90 220050 1 I This thesis will also be published as Agricultural Research Reports 815. © Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen, 1974. No part of this book may bereproduce d and/or published in any form, by print, photoprint, micro­ film or any other meanswithou t written permission from the publishers. Stellingen I Dehistorisc hverklaarbar e 'incompatibility deshumeurs 'tusse n plantenveredelaars en plantensystematici vormt een belemmering voor nauwe samenwerking tussen beider vakgebieden ter betere ontplooiing van de systematiek van cultuurgewassen. J. G. Hawkes, in: O. H. Frankel & E. Bennett, eds, 1970. Genetic resources in plants—their exploration and conservation: 69-85. Oxford. II De resultaten van experimenteel onderzoek steunen in het algemeen de conclusies van systematisch onderzoek op en boven het niveau van de soort gebaseerd op representatieve herbariumcollecties en veldwaarnemingen; omgekeerd geven deze conclusies richting aan,e n bepalen meded eprobleemstellin g van het experimenteren. Ill Kenmerkend voor de ensat-hak landbouw in vergelijking met de zaad-ploeg land- bouw in Ethiopie zijn de grotere oogstzekerheid die de verbouw van ensat biedt, en het relatief hoge niveau van bodemvruchtbaarheid door gebruik van dierlijke mest. H. Smeds, 1955.Act a geogr.Helsingf . 13(4): 1-39. S.Stanley , 1966.Ethiopia n Geogr.J .4(1) :30-37 . IV Het voorstel van Verdcourt tot retypificatie van het genus Dolichos L. (1754; type D. lablab L.) met D. trilobus L. pro parte dient, als strijdig met de Code, verworpen te worden. Report Committee for Spermatophyta, 1972.Taxo n 21(4):533-534 . E.Westphal , 1974.Taxo n 23(2)(i n voorbereiding). V In de morfologie en systematiek goed omschreven termen dienen ook in publikaties op het gebied van de genetica en plantenveredeling met zorgvuldigheid, dus volgens huneigenlijk einhoud ,t eworde n gebruikt. R. Prakken, 1970.Meded .LandbHogesch . Wageningen 70(23):19 . J. R. Harlan &J . M.J . deWet , 1971.Taxo n 20(4):509-517 . VI Deconstaterin g van Kousbroek, dat gecultiveerde mensen tegenover de cultuur staan met de instelling van een lekkerbek en niet met die van een theoloog, doet twijfel rijzen aand ekwalitei tva nKousbroe k alslekkerbek . R. Kousbroek, 1973.NR C Handelsblad 22juni : Cult. Suppl. VII De tekortkomingen in veel tekeningen in het standaardwerk 'Tropical Crops' van Purseglove benadelen de correcte weergave van habitus en kenmerkende onderdelen van eenplant , dievoo r onderwijs en gebruik in depraktij k noodzakelijk is. J. W.Purseglove , 1968,1972.Tropica l Crops.4 vols . London. VIII De bescheiden rol die de plantensystematiek en -geografie is toebedeeld aan de Landbouwhogeschool stemt overeen met de opvatting van DeWit , diehe t succesva n de romanheld Prikkebeen toeschrijft aan het idee dat deze figuur de systematicus goed typeert. H. C.D .d eWit , 1957. Inaugurele rede:5 . IX De huidige houding van de Wereldraad van Kerken ten opzichte van het racisme getuigt van weinig affiniteit tot economische en oecumenische vraagstukken. X Binnen de studierichting Tropische Plantenteelt is meer nadruk op basisvakken en toespitsing op concrete, voor de tropische plantenteelt relevante probleemstellingen gewenst, naast de ontwikkeling van een, voor de tropen onontbeerlijke, praktische instelling. XI Het gegeven dat in Nederland jaarlijks miljoenen kilo's brood op de vuilnisbelt belanden is meer het gevolg van de kwaliteit van het Nederlandse brood dan van onbekendheid methe t wereldvoedselvraagstuk. XII Het getuigt van weinig realiteitszin om bij eventuele hervormingen in de Ethiopische samenleving de beslissende invloed te veronachtzamen, die de Koptische kerk door de eeuwen heen heeft uitgeoefend op de ontwikkelingen binnen het Ethiopische rijk. R.Greenfield , 1965. Ethiopia, a newpolitica l history. New York. XIII Kwalificaties als progressief en conservatief hangen, in tegenstelling tot links- en rechtswindendheid bij Dioscoreds, af van de plaats van de waarnemer ten opzichte vanhe twaa rt eneme n subject. XIV Een goed voorbeeld van illustratief taalgebruik is, dat heden ten dage het woord 'geleerde' in onbruik raakt en door de aanduiding 'wetenschapper' vervangen dreigt te worden. Proefschrift van E. Westphal Wageningen, 15maar t 1974 Curriculum vitae Egbert Westphal, geboren 24augustu s 1938t e Semarang (Indonesie) Studie Landbouwhogeschool, richting Tropische Landbouwplantenteelt, 1957-1966 Ingenieursdiploma: tropische landbouwplantenteelt, plantenveredeling, fytopatholo- giee n erfelijkheidsleer 1966-1969: werkzaam in bilateraal ontwikkelingsproject ter inventarisatie van Ethiopische voedingsgewassen; gedurende 1967-1968 in Ethiopie 1969-1974: wetenschappelijk medewerker der Landbouwhogeschool, afdeling Tro­ pische Plantenteelt Samenvatting Deze studiei see n systematisch-botanischee n landbouwkundige bewerking van 19i n Ethiopie' voorkomende vlinderbloemige voedingsgewassen. Het voorwoord en de inleiding geven bijzonderheden over het project van Ethio- pische gewassen en nuttige planten; over de methoden en het gebruikte materiaal, decollecties , debeschrijvingen , tekeningen, foto's; over het somatische chromosoom- getal, het eiwitgehalte, de fotoperiodiciteit; over Ethiopische woorden en hun uit- spraak; over de termen varieteit, cultivar (cv.), cultivar-groep (cv.-groep), tropen en subtropen, en over de plaats van hoofdstuk 4 in het kader van deze studie. Hoofdstuk 2geef t eenoverzich tva nhe tfysisch e enbiologisch emilie uva n Ethiopie. Als belangrijk gegeven komt de invloed naar voren van de hoogte boven zeeniveau op klimaat, bodem, natuurlijke vegetatie en ethnische groepen. Hoofdstuk 3 vermeldt de belangrijkste agro-ecologische gebieden. Vervolgens worden de verschillen tussen ensat-hak landbouw en zaad-ploeg landbouw uiteen- gezet. Tenslotte volgt de behandeling van devolgend e landbouw typen: (1) het zaad- ploeg type van het Ethiopische Hoogland; (2) het gerst-hak type van de Galla; (3) het zaad-ploeg typeva n Arussi en Bale;(4 )he t sorghum-ploegtyp eva n het hoogland van Hararge; (5) het sorghum-hak-terrassen type van de Konso-groep; (6) het type met ensat als enig stapelvoedsel; (7) het type met ensat, granen enknolgewasse n als stapelvoedsel;(8 )he ttyp eme tknolgewasse n alsstapelvoedsel ,me tgrane no pd etweed e plaats, waarbij ensat geen stapelvoedsel
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