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The Baltic Republics
FINNISH DEFENCE STUDIES THE BALTIC REPUBLICS A Strategic Survey Erkki Nordberg National Defence College Helsinki 1994 Finnish Defence Studies is published under the auspices of the National Defence College, and the contributions reflect the fields of research and teaching of the College. Finnish Defence Studies will occasionally feature documentation on Finnish Security Policy. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily imply endorsement by the National Defence College. Editor: Kalevi Ruhala Editorial Assistant: Matti Hongisto Editorial Board: Chairman Prof. Mikko Viitasalo, National Defence College Dr. Pauli Järvenpää, Ministry of Defence Col. Antti Numminen, General Headquarters Dr., Lt.Col. (ret.) Pekka Visuri, Finnish Institute of International Affairs Dr. Matti Vuorio, Scientific Committee for National Defence Published by NATIONAL DEFENCE COLLEGE P.O. Box 266 FIN - 00171 Helsinki FINLAND FINNISH DEFENCE STUDIES 6 THE BALTIC REPUBLICS A Strategic Survey Erkki Nordberg National Defence College Helsinki 1992 ISBN 951-25-0709-9 ISSN 0788-5571 © Copyright 1994: National Defence College All rights reserved Painatuskeskus Oy Pasilan pikapaino Helsinki 1994 Preface Until the end of the First World War, the Baltic region was understood as a geographical area comprising the coastal strip of the Baltic Sea from the Gulf of Danzig to the Gulf of Finland. In the years between the two World Wars the concept became more political in nature: after Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania obtained their independence in 1918 the region gradually became understood as the geographical entity made up of these three republics. Although the Baltic region is geographically fairly homogeneous, each of the newly restored republics possesses unique geographical and strategic features. -
Estonian Ministry of Education and Research
Estonian Ministry of Education and Research LANGUAGE EDUCATION POLICY PROFILE COUNTRY REPORT ESTONIA Tartu 2008 Estonian Ministry of Education and Research LANGUAGE EDUCATION POLICY PROFILE COUNTRY REPORT ESTONIA Estonian Ministry of Education and Research LANGUAGE EDUCATION POLICY PROFILE COUNTRY REPORT ESTONIA Tartu 2008 Authors: Language Education Policy Profile for Estonia (Country Report) has been prepared by the Committee established by directive no. 1010 of the Minister of Education and Research of 23 October 2007 with the following members: Made Kirtsi – Head of the School Education Unit of the Centre for Educational Programmes, Archimedes Foundation, Co-ordinator of the Committee and the Council of Europe Birute Klaas – Professor and Vice Rector, University of Tartu Irene Käosaar – Head of the Minorities Education Department, Ministry of Education and Research Kristi Mere – Co-ordinator of the Department of Language, National Examinations and Qualifications Centre Järvi Lipasti – Secretary for Cultural Affairs, Finnish Institute in Estonia Hele Pärn – Adviser to the Language Inspectorate Maie Soll – Adviser to the Language Policy Department, Ministry of Education and Research Anastassia Zabrodskaja – Research Fellow of the Department of Estonian Philology at Tallinn University Tõnu Tender – Adviser to the Language Policy Department of the Ministry of Education and Research, Chairman of the Committee Ülle Türk – Lecturer, University of Tartu, Member of the Testing Team of the Estonian Defence Forces Jüri Valge – Adviser, Language Policy Department of the Ministry of Education and Research Silvi Vare – Senior Research Fellow, Institute of the Estonian Language Reviewers: Martin Ehala – Professor, Tallinn University Urmas Sutrop – Director, Institute of the Estonian Language, Professor, University of Tartu Translated into English by Kristel Weidebaum, Luisa Translating Bureau Table of contents PART I. -
Developing the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) at Local Level - "DESI Local"
Developing the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) at local level - "DESI local" Urban Agenda for the EU Partnership on Digital Transition Kaja Sõstra, PhD Tallinn, June 2021 1 1 Introduction 4 2 Administrative division of Estonia 5 3 Data sources for local DESI 6 4 Small area estimation 15 5 Simulation study 20 6 Alternative data sources 25 7 Conclusions 28 References 29 ANNEX 1 Population aged 15-74, 1 January 2020 30 ANNEX 2 Estimated values of selected indicators by municipality, 2020 33 Disclaimer This report has been delivered under the Framework Contract “Support to the implementation of the Urban Agenda for the EU through the provision of management, expertise, and administrative support to the Partnerships”, signed between the European Commission (Directorate General for Regional and Urban Policy) and Ecorys. The information and views set out in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Commission. The Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this report. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission’s behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. 2 List of figures Figure 1 Local administrative units by the numbers of inhabitants .................................................... 5 Figure 2 DESI components by age, 2020 .......................................................................................... 7 Figure 3 Users of e-commerce by gender, education, and activity status ......................................... 8 Figure 4 EBLUP estimator of the frequent internet users indicator by municipality, 2020 ............... 17 Figure 5 EBLUP estimator of the communication skills above basic indicator by municipality, 2020 ....................................................................................................................................................... -
(Asustusüksus) Alevid Alevikud Külad Kehra Aegviidu Aavere Alavere Anija
Riigihalduse ministri 11. oktoobri 2017. a määruse nr 72 „Asustusüksuste nimistu kinnitamine ning nende lahkmejoonte määramine” lisa 1 (riigihalduse ministri 03.06.2019 määruse nr 27 sõnastuses) Asustusüksuste nimistu HARJU MAAKOND ANIJA vald [jõust. 21.10.2017 Anija Vallavolikogu valimistulemuste väljakuulutamise päeval - Anija valla valimiskomisjoni 20.10.2017 otsus nr 7] Linn (asustusüksus) Alevid Alevikud Külad Kehra Aegviidu Aavere Alavere Anija Arava Härmakosu Kaunissaare Kehra Kihmla Kuusemäe Lehtmetsa Lilli Linnakse Looküla Lükati Mustjõe Paasiku Parila Partsaare Pikva Pillapalu Rasivere Raudoja Rooküla Salumetsa Salumäe Soodla Uuearu Vetla Vikipalu Voose Ülejõe HARKU vald [jõust. 21.10.2017 Harku Vallavolikogu valimistulemuste väljakuulutamise päeval - Harku valla valimiskomisjoni 20.10.2017 otsus nr 12] Linn (asustusüksus) Alevid Alevikud Külad Harku Adra Tabasalu Harkujärve Humala Ilmandu Kumna Kütke Laabi Liikva Meriküla Muraste Naage Rannamõisa Suurupi Sõrve Tiskre Tutermaa Türisalu Vahi Vaila Viti Vääna Vääna-Jõesuu JÕELÄHTME vald [jõust. 21.10.2017 Jõelähtme Vallavolikogu valimistulemuste väljakuulutamise päeval - Jõelähtme valla valimiskomisjoni 20.10.2017 otsus nr 9] Linn (asustusüksus) Alevid Alevikud Külad Kostivere Aruaru Loo Haapse Haljava Ihasalu Iru Jõelähtme Jõesuu Jägala Jägala-Joa Kaberneeme Kallavere Koila Koipsi Koogi Kostiranna Kullamäe Liivamäe Loo Maardu Manniva Neeme Nehatu Parasmäe Rammu Rebala Rohusi Ruu Saha Sambu Saviranna Uusküla Vandjala Võerdla Ülgase KEILA linn [jõust. 21.10.2017 Keila Linnavolikogu valimistulemuste väljakuulutamise päeval - Keila linna valimiskomisjoni 20.10.2017 otsus nr 6] Linn (asustusüksus) Alevid Alevikud Külad Keila KIILI vald [jõust. 21.10.2017 Kiili Vallavolikogu valimistulemuste väljakuulutamise päeval - Kiili valla valimiskomisjoni 20.10.2017 otsus nr 10] Linn (asustusüksus) Alevid Alevikud Külad Kiili Kangru Arusta Luige Kurevere Lähtse Metsanurga Mõisaküla Nabala Paekna Piissoo Sausti Sookaera Sõgula Sõmeru Vaela KOSE vald [jõust. -
There Are Many Churches and Chapels That Are of Interest in the Eastern Part of Harju County, Which All Pilgrims Should Take a Look At
There are many churches and chapels that are of interest in the eastern part of Harju County, which all pilgrims should take a look at. The routes are recommended, and largely run away from major highways, allowing visitors the enjoyment of Harjumaa’s beautiful sights, all of its natural and cultural sights and its fishing villages and new settlements, life on mainland and life on small islands. The choice of transport is up to the pilgrim. You can travel on foot or by bicycle. There are places that you can reach by train. The most convenient option is to travel by car, but the areas around the capital have a good network of cycle and pedestrian tracks which is excellent for travelling by bicycle. PILGRIMAGE ROUTES IN EAST HARJUMAA ROUTE Tallinn-Viru Square - Viimsi Peninsula - Maardu - Jõelähtme Municipality - Kuusalu Town - Leesi & Juminda Peninsula - Loksa City - Viinistu Village - Raasiku Town - Pikva Village - Kose Town - Jüri Town - Kostivere - Tallinn Tallinn The pilgrimage to Harjumaa starts in Tallinn, and first of all we recommend heading towards Viimsi Peninsula. You can take bus No. 1 from the bus terminal in Viru Keskus in the heart of Tallinn or go by bicycle, on foot, or by car. When you start your journey, you will first have to use Pirita Road to reach the small town of Haabneeme, and thereafter you travel towards Püünsi. If you travel by bicycle, you can use the bicycle and pedestrian track. The entire Viimsi Peninsula is covered with bicycle and pedestrian tracks and the peninsula is very safe to travel around. -
Plans for the Adminis Trativeterritorial Restructuring of Estonia from 1989
Plans for the Adminis trativeTerritorial Restructuring of Estonia from 1989 to 2005 MADIS KALDMÄE The restored Republic of Estonia inherited its administrative division from the Soviet system, consisting of districts (raions), state-governed cities, cities, towns and village councils. These administrative entities and their boundaries had emerged as a result of largely arbitrary waves of centralised restructuring. In 1988, a shift towards the re-establishment of local government was initiated as part of the development of the concept of a self-managing Estonia (isemajandav Eesti). At first, there were two main alternatives, with counties and municipalities as the contenders for the status of primary entities of local government. There was also a third option, of establishing approximately 40 new entities with completely redrawn borders. 359 It was an administrative organisation based on cities and rural municipalities that eventually prevailed. In 1989, the Principles of Local Government Act and implementing acts for the transition period were adopted. In the following year, the then administrative units (raions) were renamed counties; the village councils and cities would be granted self-governing rights within three years depending on their readiness. Until then, county councils would perform local government functions by proxy, as it were. During the transitional period, several existing municipalities were divided into two, forming Saku and Kiili, Juuru and Kaiu, Orissaare and Pöide, as well as Kuressaare and Kaarma. The rural municipality of Torgu was separated from Salme at the initiative of the Independent Royalist Party faction in the Riigikogu (Estonian Parliament). No elec- tions were held in the city of Paldiski, which remained under the city of Keila until the 1996 elections. -
KALLAVERE FORMATION on the NORTH ESTONIAN KLINT (Part I - Paldiski-Kunda Area)
LITHOLOGY OF THE KALLAVERE FORMATION ON THE NORTH ESTONIAN KLINT (Part I - Paldiski-Kunda area) HELJO HEINSALU AND REIN RAUDSEP Heinsalu, H. and Raudsep, R. Lithology of the Kallavere Formation on the North Estonian Klint (Part I- Paldiski-Kunda area). - Bull. of the Geological Survey of Estonia, 8/1, 20-31. In North Estonia the Kallavere Formation corresponds to the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary beds, the major part of which belongs to the lower Tremadoc. The stratigraphical range of the Kallavere Formation is variable: in the western part of the klint (North-Estonian cliff) it represents the lower half of the Pakerort Stage, in the east the whole stage. The Kallavere Formation is subdivided into five members: Maardu, Suurj5gi, Katela, Rannu and Orasoja. Three members - Maardu, Suurj5gi and Katela - occur in the western klint area, the eastern boundary of which coincides with the surroundings of Kunda. Part II of the article (eastern part of the klint) will be continued. Key words: lithology, Obolus sandstone, Kallavere Formation, Cambrian-Ordovician boundary beds, Estonia. Heljo Heinsalu: Institute of Geology, Estonia Avenue 7, 10143 Tallinn, Estonia. Rein Raudsep: Geological Survey of Estonia, Kadaka tee 80/82, 12 618 Tallinn, Estonia INTRODUCTION brachiopod material in the rock, however, is revealed by the content of Pp determined by chemical analysis. Usu In the western klint (local name for cliff of the bedrock) 5 ally Pp 5 makes one-third of the composition ofbrachio area the Kallavere Formation forms the lower part of the pod fragments (Figs. 2-5). Pakerort Stage, the Tiirisalu Formation corresponds to the In the composition of the Kallavere Formation upper part. -
Harju Maakonna Piirkonna Konkurentsivõime Tugevdamise Tegevuskava
HARJU MAAKONNA PIIRKONNA KONKURENTSIVÕIME TUGEVDAMISE TEGEVUSKAVA TEGEVUSTE PRIORITEETSUS Harjumaa piirkondade konkurentsivõime tugevdamise tegevuskava koostamise ja PKT meetme valdkondlike TULENEVALT MAAKONNA prioriteetide määratlemise aluseks on olnud Siseministeeriumi poolt väljatöötatud juhendmaterjal ning ARENGUKAVAST „Harju maakonna arengustrateegiast 2025“ (koos lisadega) ja piirkonna kohalike omavalitsuste arengukavadest tulenevad majanduse, tööhõive ja töökohtade lisandväärtuse kasvu ning liikuvuse ja (põhjendada, miks on maakonna ühistranspordi kitsaskohad maakonnas. Harju maakonna arengustrateegia uuendamise aluseks olevatele jaoks üks tegevus prioriteetsem analüüsidele tuginedes saab järeldada, et prioriteediks maakonnas ei ole niivõrd uute töökohtade loomine, vaid olemasolevate töökohtade säilitamine, teenuste ja töökohtadele juurdepääsu parandamine ning töö- ja kui teine) pereelu parem ühildamine. Kohalike omavalitsuste panus ettevõtluskeskkonna parandamisse saab toimuda läbi planeerimistegevuse ning avalike teenuste ja avaliku kasutusega infrastruktuuri arendamise. Tulenevalt Harju maakonna arengustrateegia lisast 3 „Harjumaa konkurentsivõime tugevdamise kava prioritiseerimise alused 2014 – 2020“, on meetme sihtala kohalike omavalitsuste vahel kokku lepitud järgnevas: 1. Seada esimeseks prioriteediks meetme alafookus keskuste ja tagamaa vaheliste ühenduste (ühistransport ja kergliiklusteed) arendamine. See valik on tehtud kaalutledes Tallinna kui maakonna ja riigitasandi keskuse mõju Harjumaa tööhõivele. Tallinna kui peamise -
Rankings Municipality of Maardu City
9/29/2021 Maps, analysis and statistics about the resident population Demographic balance, population and familiy trends, age classes and average age, civil status and foreigners Skip Navigation Links ESTONIA / Northern Estonia / Province of HARJU COUNTY / Maardu city Powered by Page 1 L'azienda Contatti Login Urbistat on Linkedin Adminstat logo DEMOGRAPHY ECONOMY RANKINGS SEARCH ESTONIA Municipalities Anija rural Stroll up beside >> municipality Kuusalu rural municipality Harku rural municipality Lääne-Harju rural Jõelähtme rural municipality municipality Loksa city Keila city Kiili rural Maardu city municipality Raasiku rural Kose rural municipality municipality Rae rural municipality Saku rural municipality Saue rural municipality Tallinn Viimsi rural municipality Provinces Powered by Page 2 HARJU HIIU COUNTY L'azienda Contatti Login Urbistat on Linkedin COUNTY Adminstat logo LÄÄNE-VIRU DEMOGRAPHY ECONOMY RANKINGS SEARCH ESTONIACOUNTY Regions Central Estonia Southern Estonia Northeastern Western Estonia Estonia Eastern Estonia Northern Estonia Municipality of MAARDU CITY Territorial extension of Municipality of MAARDU CITY and related population density, population per gender and number of households, average age and incidence of foreigners TERRITORY DEMOGRAPHIC DATA (YEAR 2018) Region Northern Estonia Province HARJU COUNTYInhabitants (N.) 15,332 Sign Province HARJU COUNTY Families (N.) 0 Hamlet of the 0 Males (%) 48.3 municipality Females (%) 51.7 Surface (Km2) 23.44 Foreigners (%) 34.3 Population density 654.2 Average age (Inhabitants/Kmq) 43.5 (years) Average annual variation +0.45 (2015/2018) MALES, FEMALES AND DEMOGRAPHIC BALANCE FOREIGNERS INCIDENCE (YEAR 2018) Powered by Page 3 (YEAR 2018) ^L'azienda Contatti Login Urbistat on Linkedin Adminstat logo DEMOGRAPHY ECONOMY RANKINGS SEARCH ESTONIA Balance of nature [1], Migrat. -
EPEA Newsletter
European Prison Education Spring Association 25 2003 EPEA Newsletter EPEA on the internet: www.epea.org Inside this issue: Chairpersons foreword The conduct of elections of EPEA officers EPEA: Association with consultative status – what does it mean? Relationship between EPEA and the Council of Europe A report from the 10th Nordic Conference on prison Education in Helsinki, Finland. EPEA Project: Strengthening the European Prison Education Association throughout the continent Report on the participation in the working visit of INGO representatives from Central and Eastern Europe, 21 – 26 September 2002 Grundtvig sponsored educational trip to Stara Zagora, Bulgaria, to promote “MABEL” project Some reflections on a new prison in Estonia – Tartu Prison Social rehabilitation programmes in Estonian prison system Two years of Anger Management in Estonian prisons Changes in Denmark Learning a language in prison Different ways of teaching in Swedish prisons – suggestions about improvement Recent development and improvement of prison education in Sweden – some comments Norwegians’ visit to La Santé Detention Center Claudia’s story EPEA Autumn 2003 Newsletter – Norway EPEA Liaison / Contact Persons Membership Information Council of Europe Recommendation No R(89)12 Education in Prison Editor of EPEA NL 25: Kristel Varm, Ministry of Justice of Estonia Foreword by Chairperson Hello again to all over the next couple of years. Tony Vella members. This is, has developed a project plan which sadly for me, the committee members will start to take last foreword I forward at the next meeting in Malta in will write as March. Another is the new EPEA Internet Chairperson of Website at www.epea.org which is now up the EPEA and the and running, and is much more professional last time in the and interactive than the previous one. -
Location As the Reason for the Problems of Old Industrialised Settlements the Case of Estonia
European Journal of Spatial Development-http://www.nordregio.se/EJSD/-ISSN 1650-9544-Refereed Articles Feb 2003-no 4 Location as the reason for the problems of old industrialised settlements The Case of Estonia Raigo Ernits Authors contact details: Raigo Ernits, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University of Tartu, Estonia, e-mail: [email protected], Tel: +37 2737 6342, Fax: +37 2737 6312. European Journal of Spatial Development-http://www.nordregio.se/EJSD/ -ISSN 1650-9544-Refereed Articles Feb 2003-no 4 Abstract In this paper we will chart the problems of small single-company (so called mono- functional) industrial settlements in post-socialist Estonia. The major research question asked will thus be whether the disadvantageous location of these industrial plants is the reason for problems in such settlements. Using the notion of gravity models we will calculate the distance factors of such settlements in relation to larger centres, and compare them across different groups of different kinds of settlements. The conclusion arrived at is that advantageous location (location close to a larger centre) is a necessary though not a sufficient condition for guaranteeing the development and success of settlements. The main determinant factors in the success of a settlement are the fulfilment of the conditions for a good social and economical environment, while it is undoubtedly the case that a healthy environment favouring the growth and deployment of entrepreneurial skills develops more easily in settlements located nearer to larger centres. Keywords: Industrial location, industrial areas, local development, gravity models, mono-functional economy, transition economy, and Eastern Europe. -
TOP 100 Mullu Eesti Edukaim? Estonia’S Leading Enterprises Рейтинг ТОП 100 Эстонских Предпиятий 6, 12 | November 2010 |
Milline ettevõte oli TOP 100 mullu Eesti edukaim? Estonia’s Leading Enterprises Рейтинг ТОП 100 эстонских предпиятий 6, 12 | november 2010 | 500 suurima käibega Valdkondade 14–22 firmat 2009. aastal 40–62 edukaimad firmad SISUKORD JA METOODIKA TOP 100 Toimetaja: Rivo Sarapik, Äripäeva peatoimetaja Meelis Mandeli kommentaar 4 tel 667 0181, 2009. aasta TOP 100 edetabel 6 e-post: TOP 100 esikoht 12 [email protected] 2009. aasta käibe TOP 500 14 TOPi andmebaaside koostajad: 2009. aasta käibe kasvu TOP 180 24 Õilme Muru, Jane Suu 2009. aasta kasumi TOP 200 28 tel 667 0381, e-post: [email protected] 2009. aasta kasumi kasvu TOP 180 32 Reklaami projektijuht: 2009. aasta rentaabluse TOP 200 34 Asso Laido, 2009. aasta varade tootlikkuse TOP 200 38 tel 667 0072, Valdkondade edukamad 40 e-post: [email protected] Maakondade edukamad 64 ftp.aripaev.ee/incoming/Rekl Margit Toovere Kiiresti arenevad ettevõtted 66 Kujundaja: Keeletoimetaja: Katrin Rikberg Peatoimetaja: Meelis Mandel Edetabelite koostamise metoodika Väljaandja: AS Äripäev TOP100/valdkonna/maakonna ette- Pärnu mnt 105, 19094 Tallinn TASUB TEADA võtete TOP telefon: (372) 667 0195, Edetabelisse pääsemiseks pidi ettevõt- Majandustulemused on edetabeli- (372) 667 0222, te vastava valdkonna tegevuse osakaal tes esitatud tuhandetes kroonides. faks: (372) 667 0265, (372) 667 0165 käibest olema vähemalt 51% või ette- Kiiresti arenev ettevõte on vald- võte pidi olema registreeritud või oma- kondade/maakondade Toimetus ma tootmist vastavas maakonnas. Sa- edetabelites märgis- e-post: [email protected] muti peab ettevõte olema tegutsenud tatud gaselli logoga. tel: (372) 667 0111, faks: (372) 667 0265 kahel järjestikusel täismajandusaastal. Kui ettevõte TOP 100 kandidaatide hulka pääse- Korrespondent Tartus: puudub TOPist Väinu Rozental, miseks pidi ettevõtte 2009.