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Archaeology of Manila Galleon Seaports and Early Maritime Globalization the Archaeology of Asia-Pacific Navigation

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Archaeology of Manila Galleon Seaports and Early Maritime Globalization the Archaeology of Asia-Pacific Navigation The Archaeology of Asia-Pacific Navigation 2 Chunming Wu Roberto Junco Sanchez Miao Liu Editors Archaeology of Manila Galleon Seaports and Early Maritime Globalization The Archaeology of Asia-Pacific Navigation Volume 2 Series Editor Chunming Wu, The Center for Maritime Archaeology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China This series will publish the most important, current archaeological research on ancient navigation and sea routes in the Asia-Pacific region, which were key, dynamic factors in the development of human civilizations spanning the last several thousand years. Restoring an international and multidisciplinary academic dialogue through cross cultural perspectives, these publications underscore the significance of diverse lines of evidence, including sea routes, ship cargo, shipwreck, seaports landscape, maritime heritage, nautical technology and the role of indigenous peoples. They explore a broad range of outstanding work to highlight various aspects of the historical Four Oceans sailing routes in Asia-Pacific navigation, as well as their prehistoric antecedents, offering a challenging but highly distinctive contribution to a better understanding of global maritime history. The series is intended for scholars and students in the fields of archaeology, history, anthropology, ethnology, economics, sociology, and political science, as well as nautical technicians and oceanic scientists who are interested in the prehistoric and historical seascape and marine livelihood, navigation and nautical techniques, the maritime silk road and overseas trade, maritime cultural dissemination and oceanic immigration in eastern and southeastern Asia and the Pacific region. The Archaeology of Asia-Pacific Navigation book series is published in conjunction with Springer under the auspices of the Center for Maritime Archaeology of Xiamen University (CMAXMU) in China. The first series editor is Dr. Chunming Wu, who is a chief researcher and was a Professor at the institute. The advisory and editorial committee consists of more than 20 distinguished scholars and leaders in the field of maritime archaeology of the Asia-Pacific region. Advisory and Editorial Committee Advisory Board: Wenming Yan 严文明, Peking University, P.R. China Qingzhu Liu 刘庆柱, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, P.R. China Jeremy Green, Western Australia Museum, Australia Charles Higham, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand Lothar von Falkenhausen, University of California at Los Angeles, USA Robert E. Murowchick, Boston University, USA James P. Delgado, SEARCH - SEARCH2O INC., USA Barry V. Rolett, University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA Hans K. Van Tilburg, NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, USA John Miksic, National University of Singapore, Singapore Chenhua Tsang 臧振华, Academia Sinica of Taiwan, China Editorial Board: Laura Lee Junker, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA Ming Li 李旻, University of California at Los Angeles, USA Roberto Junco Sanchez, National Institute of Anthropology and History, Mexico María Cruz Berrocal, University of Konstanz, Germany Eusebio Z. Dizon, National Museum of the Philippines, Philippines Takenori Nogami, Nagasaki University, Japan Chung Tang 邓聪, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, P.R. China Bo Jiang 姜波, National Center of Underwater Cultural Heritage, P.R. China Chunming Wu 吴春明, Xiamen University, P.R. China Editorial in Chief: Chunming Wu 吴春明, Xiamen University, P.R. China More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/16203 Chunming Wu • Roberto Junco Sanchez • Miao Liu Editors Archaeology of Manila Galleon Seaports and Early Maritime Globalization 123 Editors Chunming Wu Roberto Junco Sanchez The Center for Maritime Archaeology SAS-INAH Xiamen University Instituto Nacional de Antropologíae Xiamen, China Historia Mexico City, Mexico Miao Liu Department of History Xiamen University Xiamen, China ISSN 2524-7468 ISSN 2524-7476 (electronic) The Archaeology of Asia-Pacific Navigation ISBN 978-981-32-9247-5 ISBN 978-981-32-9248-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9248-2 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Silver coin of New Spain struck in Mexico City Mint during 1634–1665, which was discovered from southern coast of Fujian. Artifact collection of Fujian Provincial Museum Introduction During the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries, the Spanish navigators established and operated the Manila Galleon maritime route which connected East Asia and New Spain in the American continent. The galleons sailed across the Pacific via the hub seaports and trade centers of Manila in the Philippines and Acapulco in Mexico, forming a prosperous sea route for more than 250 years. This pioneering navigation of pan-Pacific regions promoted early global maritime trade as a new maritime Silk Road between the East and the West. The Manila galleon navigation is an important academic theme which had been investigated and researched by multiple disciplines such as archaeology, history, anthropology, maritime navigation, and oceanology in last half century. Both seaport sites and shipwrecks underwater of galleon affiliated are crucial important cultural heritage contributing to archaeological reconstruction of the Spanish Pacific trade history. An international academic workshop of “Early Navigation in the Asia-Pacific Region” was carried out at Harvard University in summer of 2013, focusing on the shipwreck archaeological heritage of galleon remains and estab- lishing an interaction platform promoting the understanding of maritime history of early globalization (Wu, C. editor, Early Navigation in the Asia-Pacific Region: A Maritime Archaeological Perspective, Springer Press, 2016). A further dialogue on the galleon trade history and maritime cultural interaction between the East Asia and New Spain, “The International Academic Workshop on Archaeology of the Manila Galleon Seaports and the History of Early Maritime Globalization” was organized by the Center for Maritime Archaeology of Xiamen University, China, on July 21–23, 2017, which mainly focused on the seaport archaeological heritage of the galleon affiliated navigation. The archaeologists and maritime cultural historians from America, Mexico, Japan, Philippines, Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan met together again and shared their new achievements and knowledge of the investigations and researches on the galleon seaport archaeology. A series of presentations respectively on different galleon trade affiliated seaports including Acapulco and San Blas in Mexico, Humåtak at Guam, Manila in Philippines, Yuegang (Crescent Harbor), Xiamen (Amoy), Macao, Keelung in China, and Nagasaki in Japan opened a new window for the vii viii Introduction sighting and understanding of the social and cultural contents of this new maritime Silk Road of pan-Pacific region in last 500 years. The main topics of this meeting covered the new archaeological discoveries of galleon affiliated seaport and harbor heritages, galleon shipwreck remains, the history of navigation and maritime trade among galleon affiliated harbors, the Introduction ix origin, producing, transporting and trading of the galleon cargoes, etc. All of these works collaborated on a new perspective of maritime archaeology and tracked the different paragraphs of the galleon trade and affiliated maritime history, respec- tively, summarized as the “Yuegang Outbound”, “Manila Entreportting”, and “Bound for Acapulco”, preliminarily reconstructing a panoramagram of the history of Spanish pan-Pacific trade and early maritime globalization. Part I: Yuegang Outbound: The Archaeology of Yuegang as the Key Transit Terminal for Manila Galleons Yuegang is located at the lower reach and estuary of Jiulongjiang (九龙江) as the biggest river of southern Fujian. Yuegang had been the flourishing trade seaport of Ming (明) Dynasty and the main transiting terminals for Manila galleons interacting with mainland of East Asia. The investigations and excavations of Yuegang seaport heritage, export ceramics kiln sites along the Jiulongjiang basin, junk shipwreck sites along the coast of Southeast China, and the analyses and discussions on the Yuegang maritime history
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