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The South China Sea and Its Coral Reefs During the Ming and Qing Dynasties: Levels of Geographical Knowledge and Political Control Ulisesgrana Dos
East Asian History NUMBER 32/33 . DECEMBER 20061]uNE 2007 Institute of Advanced Studies The Australian National University Editor Benjamin Penny Associate Editor Lindy Shultz Editorial Board B0rge Bakken Geremie R. Barme John Clark Helen Dunstan Louise Edwards Mark Elvin Colin Jeffcott Li Tana Kam Louie Lewis Mayo Gavan McCormack David Marr Tessa Morris-Suzuki Kenneth Wells Design and Production Oanh Collins Printed by Goanna Print, Fyshwick, ACT This is a double issue of East Asian History, 32 and 33, printed in November 2008. It continues the series previously entitled Papers on Far Eastern History. This externally refereed journal is published twice per year. Contributions to The Editor, East Asian History Division of Pacific and Asian History Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Phone +61 2 6125 5098 Fax +61 2 6125 5525 Email [email protected] Subscription Enquiries to East Asian History, at the above address Website http://rspas.anu.edu.au/eah/ Annual Subscription Australia A$50 (including GST) Overseas US$45 (GST free) (for two issues) ISSN 1036-6008 � CONTENTS 1 The Moral Status of the Book: Huang Zongxi in the Private Libraries of Late Imperial China Dunca n M. Ca mpbell 25 Mujaku Dochu (1653-1744) and Seventeenth-Century Chinese Buddhist Scholarship John Jorgensen 57 Chinese Contexts, Korean Realities: The Politics of Literary Genre in Late Choson Korea (1725-1863) GregoryN. Evon 83 Portrait of a Tokugawa Outcaste Community Timothy D. Amos 109 -
Conceptualizing the Blue Frontier: the Great Qing and the Maritime World
Conceptualizing the Blue Frontier: The Great Qing and the Maritime World in the Long Eighteenth Century Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultüt der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Vorgelegt von Chung-yam PO Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Harald Fuess Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Joachim Kurtz Datum: 28 June 2013 Table of Contents Abstract 2 Acknowledgments 3 Emperors of the Qing Dynasty 5 Map of China Coast 6 Introduction 7 Chapter 1 Setting the Scene 43 Chapter 2 Modeling the Sea Space 62 Chapter 3 The Dragon Navy 109 Chapter 4 Maritime Customs Office 160 Chapter 5 Writing the Waves 210 Conclusion 247 Glossary 255 Bibliography 257 1 Abstract Most previous scholarship has asserted that the Qing Empire neglected the sea and underestimated the worldwide rise of Western powers in the long eighteenth century. By the time the British crushed the Chinese navy in the so-called Opium Wars, the country and its government were in a state of shock and incapable of quickly catching-up with Western Europe. In contrast with such a narrative, this dissertation shows that the Great Qing was in fact far more aware of global trends than has been commonly assumed. Against the backdrop of the long eighteenth century, the author explores the fundamental historical notions of the Chinese maritime world as a conceptual divide between an inner and an outer sea, whereby administrators, merchants, and intellectuals paid close and intense attention to coastal seawaters. Drawing on archival sources from China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and the West, the author argues that the connection between the Great Qing and the maritime world was complex and sophisticated. -
The Emergence of Veranda Style in Foochow: Based on the Former British Consulate from a Western Perspective
The emergence of Veranda Style in Foochow: based on the former British Consulate from a Western perspective Hantao Wang Supervised by Dr Bruce Induni A dissertation submitted to Cardiff University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science The Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University December 2019 Welsh School of Architecture Session 201.8-2019 APPENDIX 1: Specimen Layout for Declaration/Statements page to be included in Taught Master's Degree Dissertations CANDIDATE'S ID NUMBER: Please circle appropriate valu@Miss / Ms/ Mrs / Rev/ Dr/ Other please specify ..................... .. CANDIDATE'S SURNAME : Wo.~ CANDIDATE'S FUU FORENAMES: ~ ~ DECLARATION This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in :::::~~::::~. .. ... (candidate) Date ..l.k/lJ/MI r STATEMENTl ThJj tjissertation is being submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of ..M~c.. ..............(insert MA, Mr;~~~ MScD, LLM etc, as appropriat~ Signed ....~ ... ........\J' ····-····· (candidate) Date . .J.l,,J.J.J/.MJl,J STATEMENT2 This dissertation is the result of my own independent work/investigation, except where otherwise stated. Other sources ajel\acknowl~dged by f7;n:t:s,.,giving explicit references. A Bibliography is appended. Signed ···~······v-u········· (candidate) Date ..['7./J,J./.UJ q STATEMENT 3 - TO BE COMPLETED WHERE THE SECOND COPY OF THE DISSERTATION IS SUBMITTED IN AN APPROVED ELECTRONIC FORMAT I confirm at the electronic copy is identical to the bound copy of the dissertation Signed ... .. ..... ..... .. ·······~······ (candidate) Date .Lb/J.)/..;µ_er ST ATE MENT 4 I hereby give consent for my dissertation, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. -
Las Fuerzas De Sus Reinos.Int.Indd 1 3/31/17 12:12 PM Las Fuerzas De Sus Reinos.Int.Indd 2 3/31/17 12:12 PM EDER ANTONIO DE JESÚS GALLEGOS RUIZ
Las fuerzas de sus reinos.int.indd 1 3/31/17 12:12 PM Las fuerzas de sus reinos.int.indd 2 3/31/17 12:12 PM EDER ANTONIO DE JESÚS GALLEGOS RUIZ FUERZAS DE SUS REINOS Instrumentos de la guerra en la frontera oceánica del Pacífico hispano (1571-1698) COLECCIÓN “EL PACÍFICO, UN MAR DE HISTORIA” “Divulguemos la Historia para mejorar la sociedad” Las fuerzas de sus reinos.int.indd 3 3/31/17 12:12 PM COLECCIÓN: “EL PACÍFICO, UN MAR DE HISTORIA” comité editorial Lothar Knauth Luis Abraham Barandica José Luis Chong asesor editorial Ricardo Martínez (Universidad de Costa Rica) consejo científico Flora Botton (El Colegio de México) David Kentley (Elizabethtown College) Eduardo Madrigal (Universidad de Costa Rica) Manel Ollé (Universidad Pompeu Fabra) Edward Slack Jr. (Eastern Washington University) Carmen Yuste (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México) Cuidado de la edición: Víctor Cuchí Diseño de cubierta: Patricia Pérez Ramírez Imágenes de portada: Cañón "El Cantero", colección del Museo Histórico Militar de Sevilla. Imagen autorizada por la Subdirección de Patrimonio Histórico Cultural. Instituto de Historia y Cultura Militar. Ministerio de Defensa de España. Detalle de Carta Náutica de 1622, Hessel Gerritsz. Biblioteca Nacional de Francia. Primera edición: octubre de 2015 D.R. © Palabra de Clío, A. C. 2007 Insurgentes Sur # 1814-101. Colonia Florida. C.P. 01030 Mexico, D.F. Colección "El Pacífico, un mar de Historia" ISBN: 978-607-97048-1-0 Volumen 2 “Fuerzas de sus reinos” ISBN: 978-607-97546-0-0 Impreso y hecho en México www.palabradeclio.com.mx Las fuerzas de sus reinos.int.indd 4 3/31/17 12:12 PM Índice Agradecimientos . -
List of Business Partners and Factories – October 2020
Otto Group – List of business partners and factories – October 2020 This list contains business partners (only private labels) as well as the final production factories, which have been active for the Otto Group companies bonprix, Otto, myToys, Heine, Schwab and/or Witt. A business partner/factory is considered active if it has been active within the past 12 months and remains active as of the date the list is created. Only factories that are located in so-called risk countries according to the amfori BSCI classification are included. The Otto Group also produces in non-risk countries, e.g. the EU. All factory related information is based on data that suppliers share with Otto Group companies. The list is updated regularly but not on a daily basis. Type of Supplier Name Country City Factory Address Type of Social Audit/Certificate Business Partner 3S IMPORT & EXPORT SHIJIA CO., LTD China Shijiazhuang n.a. n.a. Business Partner A&R MODEN GMBH Germany Loerrach n.a. n.a. Business Partner A.KUDRESOVO FIRMA Lithuania Kaunas n.a. n.a. Business Partner AANYA DESIGNS MANUFACTURERS & EXPORTERS India Moradabad n.a. n.a. Business Partner AB KAUNO BALDAI Lithuania Kaunas n.a. n.a. Business Partner ABG24 Spolka z ograniczona odpowiedzialnosic (0010053817) Poland Lodz n.a. n.a. Business Partner ACTONA COMPANY A/S Denmark Holstebro n.a. n.a. Business Partner ADALTEKS LTD Bulgaria Sofia n.a. n.a. Business Partner ADAM EXPORTS SYNTHOFINE IND. ESTATE, B (0020010395) India Mumbai n.a. n.a. Business Partner ADIYAMAN DENIZ TEKSTIL SAN VE DIS TIC. -
Communication, Empire, and Authority in the Qing Gazette
COMMUNICATION, EMPIRE, AND AUTHORITY IN THE QING GAZETTE by Emily Carr Mokros A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland June, 2016 © 2016 Emily Carr Mokros All rights Reserved Abstract This dissertation studies the political and cultural roles of official information and political news in late imperial China. Using a wide-ranging selection of archival, library, and digitized sources from libraries and archives in East Asia, Europe, and the United States, this project investigates the production, regulation, and reading of the Peking Gazette (dibao, jingbao), a distinctive communications channel and news publication of the Qing Empire (1644-1912). Although court gazettes were composed of official documents and communications, the Qing state frequently contracted with commercial copyists and printers in publishing and distributing them. As this dissertation shows, even as the Qing state viewed information control and dissemination as a strategic concern, it also permitted the free circulation of a huge variety of timely political news. Readers including both officials and non-officials used the gazette in order to compare judicial rulings, assess military campaigns, and follow court politics and scandals. As the first full-length study of the Qing gazette, this project shows concretely that the gazette was a powerful factor in late imperial Chinese politics and culture, and analyzes the close relationship between information and imperial practice in the Qing Empire. By arguing that the ubiquitous gazette was the most important link between the Qing state and the densely connected information society of late imperial China, this project overturns assumptions that underestimate the importance of court gazettes and the extent of popular interest in political news in Chinese history. -
Tracing Confucianism in Contemporary China
TRACING CONFUCIANISM IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA Ruichang Wang and Ruiping Fan Abstract: With the reform and opening policy implemented by the Chinese government since the late 1970s, mainland China has witnessed a sustained resurgence of Confucianism first in academic studies and then in social practices. This essay traces the development of this resurgence and demonstrates how the essential elements and authentic moral and intellectual resources of long-standing Confucian culture have been recovered in scholarly concerns, ordinary ideas, and everyday life activities. We first introduce how the Modern New Confucianism reappeared in mainland China in the three groups of the Chinese scholars in the Confucian studies in the 1980s and early 1990s. Then we describe how a group of innovative mainland Confucian thinkers has since the mid-1990s come of age launching new versions of Confucian thought differing from that of the overseas New Confucians and their forefathers, followed by our summary of public Confucian pursuits and activities in the mainland society in the recent decade. Finally, we provide a few concluding remarks about the difficulties encountered in the Confucian development and our general expectations for future. 1 Introduction Confucianism is not just a philosophical doctrine constructed by Confucius (551- 479BCE) and developed by his followers. It is more like a religion in the general sense. In fact, Confucius took himself as a cultural transmitter rather than a creator (cf. Analects 7.1, 7.20), inheriting the Sinic culture that had long existed before him.2 Dr. RUICHANG WANG, Professor, School of Culture & Communications, Capital university of Economics and Business. Emai: [email protected]. -
Autarky and the Rise and Fall of Piracy in Ming China JAMES KAI-SING KUNG and CHICHENG MA
Autarky and the Rise and Fall of Piracy in Ming China JAMES KAI-SING KUNG AND CHICHENG MA We examine the impact of rigorous trade suppression during 1550–1567 on the sharp rise of piracy in this period of Ming China. By analyzing a uniquely constructed historical data set, we find that the enforcement of a “sea (trade) ban” policy led to a rise in pirate attacks that was 1.3 times greater among the coastal prefectures more suitable for silk manufactures—our proxy for greater trade potential. Our study illuminates the conflicts in which China subsequently engaged with the Western powers, conflicts that eventually resulted in the forced abandonment of its long upheld autarkic principle. iracy was rampant in China between 1550 and 1567, during which Ptime the number of pirate attacks topped 30 each year. This followed nearly two centuries when piracy had been rare with about one incident a year.1 In these two difficult decades, the Chinese pirates stationed mainly on islands off the southeast coasts raided more than two-thirds of all coastal prefectures and occupied a third of them.2 Chinese pirates plundered silk and other popular export items, in the process kidnapping, and even killing were common affairs (So 1975; Geiss 1978; Wills 1979).3 The attacks were severe; they produced The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 74, No. 2 (June 2014). © The Economic History Association. All rights reserved.Gdoi: 10.1017/S0022050714000345. James Kai-sing Kung is Yan Ai Foundation Professor of Social Science, and Senior Fellow of the Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong. -
Archaeology of Manila Galleon Seaports and Early Maritime Globalization the Archaeology of Asia-Pacific Navigation
The Archaeology of Asia-Pacific Navigation 2 Chunming Wu Roberto Junco Sanchez Miao Liu Editors Archaeology of Manila Galleon Seaports and Early Maritime Globalization The Archaeology of Asia-Pacific Navigation Volume 2 Series Editor Chunming Wu, The Center for Maritime Archaeology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China This series will publish the most important, current archaeological research on ancient navigation and sea routes in the Asia-Pacific region, which were key, dynamic factors in the development of human civilizations spanning the last several thousand years. Restoring an international and multidisciplinary academic dialogue through cross cultural perspectives, these publications underscore the significance of diverse lines of evidence, including sea routes, ship cargo, shipwreck, seaports landscape, maritime heritage, nautical technology and the role of indigenous peoples. They explore a broad range of outstanding work to highlight various aspects of the historical Four Oceans sailing routes in Asia-Pacific navigation, as well as their prehistoric antecedents, offering a challenging but highly distinctive contribution to a better understanding of global maritime history. The series is intended for scholars and students in the fields of archaeology, history, anthropology, ethnology, economics, sociology, and political science, as well as nautical technicians and oceanic scientists who are interested in the prehistoric and historical seascape and marine livelihood, navigation and nautical techniques, the maritime silk road and overseas trade, maritime cultural dissemination and oceanic immigration in eastern and southeastern Asia and the Pacific region. The Archaeology of Asia-Pacific Navigation book series is published in conjunction with Springer under the auspices of the Center for Maritime Archaeology of Xiamen University (CMAXMU) in China. -
Ekonomska- I Ekohistorija
Ekonomska- i Ekohistorija 225 ISAO KOSHIMURA - THE WAKO’S ECONOMIC WARFARE THE WAKO’S ECONOMIC WARFARE AND THE MAKING OF THE EAST ASIAN SEAS’ ORDER GOSPODARSKO RATOVANJE ISTOČNOAZIJSKIH »WAKO« PIRATA I NASTANAK NOVOG TRGOVINSKOG PORETKA U MORIMA ISTOČNE AZIJE Isao KOSHIMURA Primljeno / Received: 14. 5. 2018. Tokyo Zokei University Prihvaćeno / Accepted: 17. 12. 2018. Utsunukicho 1556, Hachioji-city, Izvorni znanstveni rad / Original scientific paper Tokyo, 192 – 8588, Japan UDK / UDC: [341.362.1:338.2] (5-11)“15” [email protected] 338.245(5-11)“15” Summary This article and the last article1 on »Uskoks’ War Economy« consider why Uskok and Wako piracy played an active part for almost the same period in the late sixteenth century. In the previous article, the author pointed out that the succession states of the Mongol Empire, assuming this world empire to be a common base, formed several empires including the Ming Empire. First, to understand the context in which Wako appeared, I will present three(macro, mesoscopic, micro) dimensions of the situation. 1.The macro (Eurasian) dimension. The Ming dynasty returned to trade with silver from the Mongol Empire, though this was always denied by the Ming dynasty. It coincided with the significant change of policy. In 1570, the leader of nomadic herders, Altan Qayan, would conclude peace and start trade with the Ming dynasty. This trade, called »Horse Fair,« was the new »shore« trade after the relaxation of the Sea Ban. 2.The mesoscopic (East Asian) dimension. Japan needed to develop its economy and resolve its financial difficulties through trade with China. -
Bixi - Wikipedia
Bixi - Wikipedia Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Bixi From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Main page For other uses, see Bixi (disambiguation). Contents Not to be confused with Bixie. Featured content Bixi, or Bi Xi (Wade–Giles: Pi-hsi), is a figure from Current events Bixi Chinese mythology. One of the 9 sons of the Dragon Random article Donate to Wikipedia King, he is depicted as a dragon with the shell of a turtle. Wikipedia store Stone sculptures of Bixi have been used in Chinese culture for centuries as a decorative plinth for Interaction commemorative steles and tablets, [1] particularly in the Help funerary complexes of its later emperors and to About Wikipedia commemorate important events, such as an imperial visit Community portal or the anniversary of a World War II victory. They are Recent changes [2] Contact page also used at the bases of bridges and archways. Sculptures of Bixi are traditionally rubbed for good luck, Tools which can cause conservation issues.[3] They can be found What links here throughout East Asia in Japan , Korea , Vietnam , Related changes Mongolia , and even the Russian Far East . Upload file Special pages Contents [] The Harvard Bixi, donated by its Chinese alumni Permanent link 1 History Chinese name Page information 2 Outside China Wikidata item Traditional Chinese 贔屭, 贔屓 3 Development as an art form Cite this page Simplified Chinese 赑屃 4 Name Transcriptions [show] In other projects 5 Stone tortoises in art and popular lore Pa-hsia Dragon -
Appendix V Statutory and General Information
APPENDIX V STATUTORY AND GENERAL INFORMATION A. FURTHER INFORMATION ABOUT OUR COMPANY 1. Incorporation of the Company The Company was incorporated in the Cayman Islands under the Companies Law as an exempted company with limited liability on 28 March 2011. The Company has established its principal place of business in Hong Kong at 18/F, Tesbury Centre, 28 Queen’s Road East, Wanchai, Hong Kong and was registered as a non-Hong Kong company under Part 16 of the Companies Ordinance on 19 December 2014. The Company has appointed Ms. Ng Wing Shan of 18/F, Tesbury Centre, 28 Queen’s Road East, Wanchai, Hong Kong as the authorised representative of the Company for the acceptance of service of process and notices in Hong Kong. As the Company was incorporated in the Cayman Islands, its operation is subject to the Companies Law and its constitution comprising the Memorandum and the Articles. A summary of various provisions of the Company’s constitution and certain relevant aspects of the Companies Law is set out in Appendix IV to this prospectus. 2. Changes in Share Capital of the Company As at the date of incorporation of the Company, its authorised share capital was US$50,000.00 divided into 50,000 shares of US$1.00 each. At the time of its incorporation, 1 share of par value of US$1.00 was allotted and issued to Close Subscribers (Cayman) Limited, the initial subscriber, which was transferred to Song Rising on the same day. On the same day, an additional 34,999 shares, 7,500 shares, 3,000 shares, 3,000 shares and 1,500 shares with par value of US$1.00 each were allotted and issued to Song Rising, Sunny Foods, Ms.