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Conceptualizing the Blue Frontier: the Great Qing and the Maritime World
Conceptualizing the Blue Frontier: The Great Qing and the Maritime World in the Long Eighteenth Century Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultüt der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Vorgelegt von Chung-yam PO Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Harald Fuess Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Joachim Kurtz Datum: 28 June 2013 Table of Contents Abstract 2 Acknowledgments 3 Emperors of the Qing Dynasty 5 Map of China Coast 6 Introduction 7 Chapter 1 Setting the Scene 43 Chapter 2 Modeling the Sea Space 62 Chapter 3 The Dragon Navy 109 Chapter 4 Maritime Customs Office 160 Chapter 5 Writing the Waves 210 Conclusion 247 Glossary 255 Bibliography 257 1 Abstract Most previous scholarship has asserted that the Qing Empire neglected the sea and underestimated the worldwide rise of Western powers in the long eighteenth century. By the time the British crushed the Chinese navy in the so-called Opium Wars, the country and its government were in a state of shock and incapable of quickly catching-up with Western Europe. In contrast with such a narrative, this dissertation shows that the Great Qing was in fact far more aware of global trends than has been commonly assumed. Against the backdrop of the long eighteenth century, the author explores the fundamental historical notions of the Chinese maritime world as a conceptual divide between an inner and an outer sea, whereby administrators, merchants, and intellectuals paid close and intense attention to coastal seawaters. Drawing on archival sources from China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and the West, the author argues that the connection between the Great Qing and the maritime world was complex and sophisticated. -
Imperial China and the West Part I, 1815–1881
China and the Modern World: Imperial China and the West Part I, 1815–1881 The East India Company’s steamship Nemesis and other British ships engaging Chinese junks in the Second Battle of Chuenpi, 7 January 1841, during the first opium war. (British Library) ABOUT THE ARCHIVE China and the Modern World: Imperial China and the West Part I, 1815–1881 is digitised from the FO 17 series of British Foreign Office Files—Foreign Office: Political and Other Departments: General Correspondence before 1906, China— held at the National Archives, UK, providing a vast and significant primary source for researching every aspect of Chinese-British relations during the nineteenth century, ranging from diplomacy to trade, economics, politics, warfare, emigration, translation and law. This first part includes all content from FO 17 volumes 1–872. Source Library Number of Images The National Archives, UK Approximately 532,000 CONTENT From Lord Amherst’s mission at the start of the nineteenth century, through the trading monopoly of the Canton System, and the Opium Wars of 1839–1842 and 1856–1860, Britain and other foreign powers gradually gained commercial, legal, and territorial rights in China. Imperial China and the West provides correspondence from the Factories of Canton (modern Guangzhou) and from the missionaries and diplomats who entered China in the early nineteenth century, as well as from the envoys and missions sent to China from Britain and the later legation and consulates. The documents comprising this collection include communications to and from the British legation, first at Hong Kong and later at Peking, and British consuls at Shanghai, Amoy (Xiamen), Swatow (Shantou), Hankow (Hankou), Newchwang (Yingkou), Chefoo (Yantai), Formosa (Taiwan), and more. -
Houqua and His China Trade Partners in the Nineteenth Century
Global Positioning: Houqua and His China Trade Partners in the Nineteenth Century The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Wong, John. 2012. Global Positioning: Houqua and His China Trade Partners in the Nineteenth Century. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:9282867 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA © 2012 – John D. Wong All rights reserved. Professor Michael Szonyi John D. Wong Global Positioning: Houqua and his China Trade Partners in the Nineteenth Century Abstract This study unearths the lost world of early-nineteenth-century Canton. Known today as Guangzhou, this Chinese city witnessed the economic dynamism of global commerce until the demise of the Canton System in 1842. Records of its commercial vitality and global interactions faded only because we have allowed our image of old Canton to be clouded by China’s weakness beginning in the mid-1800s. By reviving this story of economic vibrancy, I restore the historical contingency at the juncture at which global commercial equilibrium unraveled with the collapse of the Canton system, and reshape our understanding of China’s subsequent economic experience. I explore this story of the China trade that helped shape the modern world through the lens of a single prominent merchant house and its leading figure, Wu Bingjian, known to the West by his trading name of Houqua. -
The Eurasian Transformation of the 10Th to 13Th Centuries: the View from Song China, 906-1279
Haverford College Haverford Scholarship Faculty Publications History 2004 The Eurasian Transformation of the 10th to 13th centuries: The View from Song China, 906-1279 Paul Jakov Smith Haverford College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.haverford.edu/history_facpubs Repository Citation Smith, Paul Jakov. “The Eurasian Transformation of the 10th to 13th centuries: The View from the Song.” In Johann Arneson and Bjorn Wittrock, eds., “Eurasian transformations, tenth to thirteenth centuries: Crystallizations, divergences, renaissances,” a special edition of the journal Medieval Encounters (December 2004). This Journal Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History at Haverford Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Haverford Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Medieval 10,1-3_f12_279-308 11/4/04 2:47 PM Page 279 EURASIAN TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE TENTH TO THIRTEENTH CENTURIES: THE VIEW FROM SONG CHINA, 960-1279 PAUL JAKOV SMITH ABSTRACT This essay addresses the nature of the medieval transformation of Eurasia from the perspective of China during the Song dynasty (960-1279). Out of the many facets of the wholesale metamorphosis of Chinese society that characterized this era, I focus on the development of an increasingly bureaucratic and autocratic state, the emergence of a semi-autonomous local elite, and the impact on both trends of the rise of the great steppe empires that encircled and, under the Mongols ultimately extinguished the Song. The rapid evolution of Inner Asian state formation in the tenth through the thirteenth centuries not only swayed the development of the Chinese state, by putting questions of war and peace at the forefront of the court’s attention; it also influenced the evolution of China’s socio-political elite, by shap- ing the context within which elite families forged their sense of coorporate identity and calibrated their commitment to the court. -
Violence and Predation, Mainly in the Form of Piracy, Were Two Of
violence and predation robert j. antony Violence and Predation on the Sino-Vietnamese Maritime Frontier, 1450–1850 iolence and predation, mainly in the form of piracy, were two of V the most persistent and pervasive features of the Sino-Vietnamese maritime frontier between the mid-fifteenth and mid-nineteenth cen- turies.1 In the Gulf of Tonkin, which is the focus of this article, piracy was, in fact, an intrinsic feature of this sea frontier and a dynamic and significant force in the region’s economic, social, and cultural devel- opment. My approach, what scholars call history from the bottom up, places pirates, not the state, at center stage, recognizing their impor- tance and agency as historical actors. My research is based on various types of written history, including Qing archives, the Veritable Records of Vietnam and China, local Chinese gazetteers, and travel accounts; I also bring in my own fieldwork in the gulf region conducted over the past six years. The article is divided into three sections: first, I discuss the geopolitical characteristics of this maritime frontier as a background to our understanding of piracy in the region; second, I consider the socio-cultural aspects of the gulf region, especially the underclass who engaged in clandestine activities as a part of their daily lives; and third, I analyze five specific episodes of piracy in the Gulf of Tonkin. The Gulf of Tonkin (often referred to here simply as the gulf), which is tucked away in the northwestern corner of the South China Sea, borders on Vietnam in the west and China in the north and east. -
Making the Palace Machine Work Palace Machine the Making
11 ASIAN HISTORY Siebert, (eds) & Ko Chen Making the Machine Palace Work Edited by Martina Siebert, Kai Jun Chen, and Dorothy Ko Making the Palace Machine Work Mobilizing People, Objects, and Nature in the Qing Empire Making the Palace Machine Work Asian History The aim of the series is to offer a forum for writers of monographs and occasionally anthologies on Asian history. The series focuses on cultural and historical studies of politics and intellectual ideas and crosscuts the disciplines of history, political science, sociology and cultural studies. Series Editor Hans Hågerdal, Linnaeus University, Sweden Editorial Board Roger Greatrex, Lund University David Henley, Leiden University Ariel Lopez, University of the Philippines Angela Schottenhammer, University of Salzburg Deborah Sutton, Lancaster University Making the Palace Machine Work Mobilizing People, Objects, and Nature in the Qing Empire Edited by Martina Siebert, Kai Jun Chen, and Dorothy Ko Amsterdam University Press Cover illustration: Artful adaptation of a section of the 1750 Complete Map of Beijing of the Qianlong Era (Qianlong Beijing quantu 乾隆北京全圖) showing the Imperial Household Department by Martina Siebert based on the digital copy from the Digital Silk Road project (http://dsr.nii.ac.jp/toyobunko/II-11-D-802, vol. 8, leaf 7) Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Lay-out: Crius Group, Hulshout isbn 978 94 6372 035 9 e-isbn 978 90 4855 322 8 (pdf) doi 10.5117/9789463720359 nur 692 Creative Commons License CC BY NC ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0) The authors / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2021 Some rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, any part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise). -
Applied Db Public Company Limited
HALL - 11 Stall No. - 11-03-G APPLIED DB PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED 252 Moo 4, Sukhumvit Road, Praksa, Muang, Samutprakarn, Samutprakarn, Samutprakarn - 10280 Thailand Mob./Telephone : 950577500, 2321906 E-mail : [email protected] Contact Person : QUDRAT E KHUDA Products : Allied Sector-Footwear Components-Material,Chemicals,Accessories etc. HALL - 11 Stall No. - 11-09-A D A INDUSTIES COMPANY LIMITED A1,10F, Texaco Road Industries Center,, No 256 Texaco Road, Tseun Wan, Hong Kong HONG KONG, HONG KONG - 523338 Mob./Telephone : 69322969, E-mail : [email protected] Contact Person : WINNIE WAN Products : Allied Sector-Footwear Components-Material,Chemicals,Accessories etc. HALL - 12A Stall No. - 12A-16-B DONGGUAN CHENGHUI INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT CO.,LTD Kenglong Industrial Area, Nanya Village, Daojiao Town, Dongguan, Dongguan China Mob./Telephone : 86-13751311444, E-mail : [email protected] Contact Person : Mr.Han Products : Foam HALL - 12A Stall No. - 12A-10-D DONGGUAN HONGGUO LEATHER CO LTD NO.B312 NANFENG ,HETIAN,HOUJIE TWON, Dongguan, Dongguan - 523960 China Mob./Telephone : 86-13829207501, E-mail : [email protected] Contact Person : Ms.Elisa Meng Products : PU,PVC,TPU HALL - 12A Stall No. - 12A-09-A3 DONGGUAN HUICHUNG CORK PRODUCTS CO.,LTD No.6,Beiheng Rd2, Tingkeng Blvd,Tingshan,HoujieTown, Dongguan, Dongguan - 523943 China Mob./Telephone : 86-13825735666, E-mail : [email protected] Contact Person : Andy Liu Products : cork HALL - 12A Stall No. - 12A-10-E DONGGUAN KINGMING HARDWARE PLASTIC TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD No. 196, Liaofu Road, Liaobu Town, Dongguan, Dongguan - 523425 China Mob./Telephone : 86-13066190336, E-mail : [email protected] Contact Person : Quan Zhou Products : Shoe Buckle,Boot Hooks,Crystal Rivet,Eyelet HALL - 12A Stall No. -
'Where We Would Extend the Moral
‘WHERE WE WOULD EXTEND THE MORAL POWER OF OUR CIVILIZATION’: AMERICAN CULTURAL AND POLITICAL FOREIGN RELATIONS WITH CHINA, 1843-1856 A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Mathew T. Brundage December 2015 © Copyright All rights reserved Except for previously published materials Dissertation written by Mathew T. Brundage B.A., Capital University, 2005 M.A., Kent State University, 2007 Ph.D., Kent State University, 2015 Approved by ________________________________ Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Mary Ann Heiss, Ph.D. ________________________________ Kevin Adams, Ph.D. ________________________________ Gang Zhao, Ph.D. ________________________________ James Tyner, Ph.D. Accepted by ________________________________ Chair, Department of History Kenneth Bindas, Ph.D. ________________________________ Dean, College of Arts and Sciences James L. Blank, Ph.D. TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………….. iii LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………... iv PREFACE ………………………………………………………………... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………….. vii INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………… 1 CHAPTERS I. Chapter 1: China as Mystery ……………………………… 30 II. Chapter 2: China as Opportunity ..………………………… 84 III. Chapter 3: China as a Flawed Empire………………………146 IV. Chapter 4: China as a Threat ………………………………. 217 V. Chapter 5: Redefining “Success” in the Sino-American Relationship ……………………………………………….. 274 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………….. 317 APPENDIX………………………………………………………………… 323 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………. -
Guanyin Goddess of The
143 CHAPTERS GUANYIN, GODDESS OF THE SEA While some early forms ofSongzi Guanyin appear to have originated with a white-robed female sitting on an island and surrounded by water, the form now known as Nanhai (South seas) Guanyin is generally considered to have become popular between the twelfth and sixteenth centuries with the association ofPutuo Island as the island home of Guanyin. Paintings ofNanhai Guanyin frequently depict her as a sea goddess, riding on waves or on a fish. This form is believed to bring protection to anyone who travels on the South China Sea. Yet, as seen in the previous chapter Nanhai Guanyin appears to have developed from a water-moon form which did not symbolize protection from the sea. So where did the notion of a goddess of the sea originate? Is there any iconographical evidence to indicate that Guanyin was worshipped in this form before N anhai Guanyin came into existence? Belief in Guanyin's efficacy as a saviour from the sea goes back to the beginning of the cult and the protection from the Perils as descnbed in the Lotus Siitra. There was not, however, in the early stages of the cult, any particular image associated with this function. Various forms with a maritime theme have appeared over time, Aoyu (Big fish) Guanyin, depicts Guanyin standing, or riding, on a large fish, Yulan (Fishbasket) Guanyin, holds a basket offish in her hand and a form known as Guanyin Crossing the Sea, rides on a small boat amongst the ocean waves. Nanhai Guanyin appears to have absorbed elements from each of these forms. -
Rep.Ort Resumes
REP.ORT RESUMES ED 010 471 48 LANGUAGE AND AREA STUDY PROGRAMSIN AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES. BY MOSES, LARRY OUR. OF INTELLIGENCE AND RESEARCH, WASHINGTON, 0.Ce REPORT NUMBER NDEA VI -34 PUB DATE 64 EDRS PRICEMF40.27HC $7.08 177P. DESCRIPTORS *LANGUAGE PROGRAMS, *AREA STUDIES, *HIGHER EDUCATION, GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS, COURSES, *NATIONAL SURVEYS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, AFRICA, ASIA, LATIN AMERICA, NEAR EAST, WESTERN EUROPE, SOVIET UNION, EASTERN EUROPE . LANGUAGE AND AREA STUDY PROGRAMS OFFERED IN 1964 BY UNITED STATES INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION ARE LISTEDFOR THE AREAS OF (1) AFRICA, (2) ASIA,(3) LATIN AMERICA, (4) NEAR EAST,(5) SOVIET UNION AND EASTERN EUROPE, AND (6) WESTERN EUROPE. INSTITUTIONS OFFERING BOTH GRADUATE AND UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMS IN LANGUAGE AND AREA STUDIESARE ALPHABETIZED BY AREA CATEGORY, AND PROGRAM INFORMATIONON EACH INSTITUTION IS PRESENTED, INCLUDINGFACULTY, DEGREES OFFERED, REGIONAL FOCUS, LANGUAGE COURSES,AREA COURSES, LIBRARY FACILITIES, AND.UNIQUE PROGRAMFEATURES. (LP) -,...- r-4 U.,$. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,EDUCATION AND WELFARE I.: 3 4/ N- , . Office of Education Th,0 document has been. reproducedexactly as received from the petson or organization originating it. Pointsof View or opinions CD st4ted do not necessarily representofficial Office of EdUcirtion?' ri pdpition or policy. CD c.3 LANGUAGEAND AREA "Ai STUDYPROGRAMS IN AMERICAN VERSITIES EXTERNAL RESEARCHSTAFF DEPARTMENT OF STATE 1964 ti This directory was supported in part by contract withtheU.S. Office of Education, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. -
Table of Contents Vol01
TABLE OF CONTENTS VOL01 SESSION 1 COMPUTER SCIENCE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 1-M0176CN1060 EFFICIENT RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN COGNITIVE WIRELESS 1 MESH NETWORKS Song Lei,Zhao Cheng,Li Changzheng 2-M0177CN0534 APPLICATION OF APRIORI ALGORITHM IN OPEN EXPERIMENT 6 Li Mengshan,Liu Bingxiang,Wu Yan 3-M0178CN0958 BUILDING INTELLIGENT RESIDENTIAL DISTRICT BASED ON 10 INTERNET OF THINGS TECHNOLOGY Zhiqiang Wei, Ying Zhang, Dongning Jia 4-M0179CN0458 THE APPLICATION OF FIRE SUPERVISING MANAGEMENT 15 INFORMATION SYSTEM ON THE WIRELESS INTERNET YAO Zhiqiang,WANG Huijuan,WU Jianzheng 5-M0180CN0491 MEDIUM ACCESS CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR WIRELESS BODY 21 AREA NETWORK Jigang Shao,Hanjun Jiang,Chun Zhang,Zhihua Wang 6-M0181CN0563 A NEW TRACK CORRELATION ALGORITHM BASED ON STATISTICS 26 ZHANG Zhang,WANG Xue-bin,Yan Jun 7-M0182CN0741 THE STUDY ON THE UNIVERSITY SPORTS TEAMS IN INFORMATION 30 MANAGEMENT Li Yong,Yi Peng 8-M0183CN0958 GENERAL LAYERED HETEROGENEOUS MODEL OF PARALLEL 33 COMPUTATION Zhiqiang Wei, Wenjuan Shi, Yingying Liu, Jie Nie, Lin Gui 9-M0184CN0958 IMPLEMENTATION OF VISUALIZATION OF HORIZONTAL SLICE IN 38 THREE-DIMENSIONAL SEISMIC DATA VOLUME Xiaopeng Ji, Lin Mou, Zhiqiang Wei, Longbin Shen, Lin Gui 10-M0185CN0491 RFID SENSOR NETWORKS BASED ON PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGS 42 LOGISTICS, STORAGE, SECURITY RESEARCH YINQun,Zhangjianbo 11-M0186CN0659 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL INDEX 46 SYSTEM OF SOFTWARE PROJECT PRESALES MANAGER Ren Yongchang,Xing Tao,Wang Li,Cai Wei 1 SESSION 2 COMPUTER SCIENCE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 12-M0187CN1599 -
Waves of Piracy in Late Imperial China
CHINA RESEARCH MONOGRAPH 56 FM, INSTITUTE OF EAST ASIAN STUDIES ~ \,.J UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA • BERKELEY ccs CENTER FOR CHINESE STUDIES Like Froth Floating on the Sea The World of Pirates and Seafarers in Late Imperial South China Robert J. Antony A publication of the Institute of East Asian Studies, University of Califor nia, Berkeley. Although the Institute of East Asian Studies is responsible for the selection and acceptance of manuscripts in this series, responsibil ity for the opinions expressed and for the accuracy of statements rests with their authors. Correspondence and manuscripts may be sent to: Ms. Joanne Sandstrom, Managing Editor Institute of East Asian Studies University of California Berkeley, California 94720-2318 E-mail: [email protected] The China Research Monograph series is one of several publications series sponsored by the Institute of East Asian Studies in conjunction with its constituent units. The others include the Korea Research Monograph series, the Japan Research Monograph series, and the Research Papers and Policy Studies series. A list of recent publications appears at the back of the book. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Antony, Robert J. Like froth floating on the sea : the world of pirates and seafarers in late imperial south China I Robert J. Antony. p. em. - (China research monograph) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-55729-078-4 (alk. paper) 1. Pirates-China, Southeast. 2. China, Southeast-Social conditions. 3. China-History-Ming dynasty, 1368-1655. 4. China-History-Qing dynasty, 1644-1912. I. Title. II. China research monographs ; no. 56. DS753.2 .A57 2003 910'.9164'72-dc21 2002192209 Copyright © 2003 by The Regents of the University of California.