SWP Learning Event: Assessment of Surface and Ground Water, September 2018
Holistic Groundwater Resources Assessment A Case Study of Switzerland
Dr. Adrian Auckenthaler, Office of Environmental Protection and Energy 2
Topic What is the context? What kind of challanges exist? What kind of groundwater systems we have? What kind of solutions exist? Concepts for Drinking Water Safety
Food Safety Management System
Groundwater Protection Watermanagement Drinking Water Treatment
•Established concepts for •Online monitoring of water •Last step of drinking water different aquifer systems quality. safety. •Zones S1 to S3. •Rejection of water, when •Reduce the deficites out of threshold values of proxys the first two concepts. •Dimension of S2: 10 days have past. flow time and a distance of 100 m.
Security of water supply by usage of different hydrogeologic independent systems.
13.09.2018 Water Distribution in the Canton of Basel-Landschaft
Well Spring 5
Settlement Structures
The structures of the landscape and its use influence the settle- ment structures and also the structures of the water supplies and therefore also the challenges Challenges of Water Supplies in the Canton of Basel-Landschaft
Eigenschaften Wasserversorgungen Typ 1: Typ 2: Typ 3: Typ 4: Typ 5: Angereichertes Talschotter, Talschotter und Vorwiegend Karstquellen, Grundwasser, urbane Region Karstquellen Karstquellen, ländliche Region urbane Region periurbane Region lädliche Region Ressourcenschutz Schutzzonen Mikrobielle Verunreinigungen Spurenstoffe Revitalsierung Trinkwasserqualität Unzureichende Aufbereitung Variierende Wasserqaulität Versorgungssicherheit Wassermangel bei Trockenheit Hochwasserrisiko Fehlendes 2. Standbein Professionalität Qualifikation Betriebspersoal Regionale Planung Infrastruktur und Finanzen Hohes Alter der Infrasturktur Finanzielle Engpässe 6 Karst Systems
13.09.2018 Tracer Test and Delineation of Groundwater Protection Zones
13.09.2018 Breakthrough of Microorganisms after Rainfall Event
13.09.2018 Boxmodel
P P ETP
fast flow slow flow V5
V1 Intermitant
fast input fast flow
V6 slow flow flow slow input V2
V7
V8-14
spring Discharge
9000 Messungmeasurement 8000 langsamerslow flow Abfluss Überlaufoverflow fast flow 7000 schneller Abfluss Summetotal flow
6000
/d]
/d
3 3
m 5000
4000 Schüttung[m
Discharge 3000
2000
1000
0 06.1999 09.1999 12.1999 03.2000 06.2000 09.2000 12.2000 03.2001 DatumDate Gravel Aquifer Systems • Drinking water wells were buildt close to rivers to get enough water. Therefore partly significant infiltration of river water. • Limited space available in vallies and no possibilitie alternative locations for wells. • Die Wassernutzungen konkurrenzieren sich gegenseitig (Grundwasserschutz, Revitalisierungen, Abwasserentsorgung, Brauchwassernutzungen, etc.).
13.09.2018 River-Groundwater-Interaction
BAZ: Vordere Frenke schon wieder verschmutzt Aktualisiert am 19.02.2015 1 Kommentar
In der Ara Frenke 2 in Niederdorf gab es erneut Probleme: Unterhalb der Anlage wurde verunreinigtes Wasser in der Vorderen Frenke bemerkt. Fünf Trinkwasserpumpen mussten abgestellt werden.
[...] Bereits Mitte Januar kam es wegen einer Störung in der ARA zu einem Fischsterben in der Frenke. Zwei der drei Grundwasserpumpen der Gemeinde Bubendorf durften damals nicht mehr genutzt werden. Die Gemeinde musste während Wochen über eine Notleitung mit Trinkwasser versorgt werden.
13.09.2018 Areas of Investigation
14 Dry Weather Situation Sum of Concentrations and Amount of Detected Substances River Water Groundwater (Well) [µg/L] [µg/L]3500 PharmazeutikaPharmaceuticals Pflanzenschutzmittel 3.0 Pesticides 3.0 3000 BiozideBiocides PerfluoriertePerfluoratedSubstanzenSubstances 2.5 2.52500 LebensmittelzusatzstoffeFood Additives IndustriechemikalienIndustrial Chemicals 2.0 2.02000
1.5 1.51500
1.0 1.01000
0.5 0.5500
0.00 0.0 Frenke Birs Ergolz Rhein Frenke Birs Ergolz Rhein Frenke Birs Ergolz Rhein
Amount of 80 87 92 103 38 43 54 44 Substances
15 Modelling of Different Flow Components
Epting et al., 2017 16 Changement of the Water Components and Water Quality
Time scale: 1,5 years
Time scale : 2 weeks
Epting et al., 2017, Besmer et al. 2017 17 Interaction of Aquifers and Settlement Areas
13.09.2018 Verification of Groundwater Protection Zones
Are the groundwater protection zones necessary to garantee for a good water quality?
How do the protection zones contribute to a good water quality?
19 Acesulfam und Coffein Mean Values
Groundwater monitoring in an urban Area near Basel.
13.09.2018 What to do?
• Many groundwater protection zones are not able to protect the wells sufficiently, because they are too small, at the wrong place ore there is significant infiltration of river water. • Some aquifer systems show a high dynamic in the changement of water quality. This is due to hydrological conditions and different system states. • Polar and persistant micropollutants can‘t be filtered out of groundwater by protection zones.
• How do we deal with the protection of the groundwater resources? • How can we garantee for a high security of water supply even thoug there is a lack in groundwater protection?
13.09.2018 Concepts for Drinking Water Safety
rural, small area, few risks urban, major aquifers, many risks
In rural areas groundwater protection can be sufficient to garantee for safe drinking water. In urban areas the overal protection of the groundwater ressource plays an important role for drinking water safety.
13.09.2018 Conclusions
• Protection of groundwater ressources is important. Protection zones can to some part contribute to a good water qaulity, but the protection of the ressource beginns at the consumer and the application of products. • The development of the settlement areas and the agriculture have a strong influence on groundwater protection and groundwater quality. • Measures that contribute to the reduction of micropollutants at the source are very significant (e.g. extention of waste water treatment plants with an oxidation step, careful handling of pesticides in the environment). • We need different concepts for groundwater and drinking water protection in rural and urban areas. • A holistic groundwater ressource assessment can contribute to sustainable groundwater protection and a high standard of drinking water safety. Therefore we need measures in the whole water cycle.
13.09.2018 Thank you!
13.09.2018