Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation for the Daily HBV Model in the Rhine Basin, Part B: Switzerland
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Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation for the daily HBV model in the Rhine Basin, Part B: Switzerland Deltares Title Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation for the daily HBV model in the Rhine Basin Client Project Reference Pages Rijkswaterstaat, WVL 1207771-003 1207771-003-ZWS-0017 29 Keywords GRADE, GLUE analysis, parameter uncertainty estimation, Switzerland Summary This report describes the derivation of a set of parameter sets for the HBV models for the Swiss part of the Rhine basin covering the catchment area upstream of Basel, including the uncertainty in these parameter sets. These parameter sets are required for the project "Generator of Rainfall And Discharge Extremes (GRADE)". GRADE aims to establish a new approach to define the design discharges flowing into the Netherlands from the Meuse and Rhine basins. The design discharge return periods are very high and GRADE establishes these by performing a long simulation using synthetic weather inputs. An additional aim of GRADE is to estimate the uncertainty of the resulting design discharges. One of the contributions to this uncertainty is the model parameter uncertainty, which is why the derivation of parameter uncertainty is required. Parameter sets, which represent the uncertainty, were derived using a Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE), which conditions a prior parameter distribution by Monte Carlo sampling of parameter sets and conditioning on a modelled v.s. observed flow in selected flow stations. This analysis has been performed for aggregated sub-catchments (Rhein and Aare branch) separately using the HYRAS 2.0 rainfall dataset and E-OBS v4 temperature dataset as input and a discharge dataset from the BAFU (Bundesambt Für Umwelt) as flow observations. To ensure that the conditioned parameter sets are suitable for the high flow domain, additional performance measures were introduced which reflect the behaviour of a parameter set in the high flow domain. It was assumed that precipitation corrections were not required. After the GLUE analysis, a small selection of parameter sets, representative for the distribution of the parameter sets, was selected from the conditioned parameter sets of each of the aggregated sub-catchments and combined into 5 representative parameter sets for the whole area (5%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 95% quantiles). Version Date Author eview Initials Approval Initials Dec. 2013 Mark Hegnau-c..........-..._, Albrecht Weerts W Gerard Blom Wilemvan Verseveid State final Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation for the daily HBV model in the Rhine Basin - Part B: Switzerland 1207771-003-ZWS-0017, 11 December 2013, final Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Approach 3 2.1 Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) analysis 3 2.1.1 GLUE in general 3 2.2 Input/output data 3 2.2.1 Meteorological forcing 3 2.2.2 Discharge and water level measurements 4 2.3 Parameter treatment and range 5 2.4 Performance measures 7 2.5 Establishing a GLUE experiment in OpenDA 8 2.6 HBV setup for Switserland 8 2.7 Experimental setup 10 2.7.1 Rhein 10 2.7.2 Aare 11 3 Results and discussion 13 3.1 Rhein 13 3.2 Aare 15 3.3 Overall discussion 18 4 Parameter selection 21 5 Conclusions and recommendations 23 6 Literature 25 Appendices A Flow diagrams per subcatchment 27 A.1 Rhein 28 A.2 Aare 29 Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation for the daily HBV model in the Rhine Basin – i Part B: Switzerland 1207771-003-ZWS-0017, 11 December 2013, final 1 Introduction Within the framework of GRADE, the HBV model was calibrated and uncertainty measures were derived for the Meuse (Kramer 2008) and for the German part of the Rhine basin (Winsemius 2013). This report describes the GLUE analysis for the Swiss part of the HBV-model within the GRADE framework. The reason why the two parts of model were not treated in a single GLUE analysis was that the HBV model needed to be adjusted for the Swiss part of the Rhine basin. The adjustment consists of including the four major lakes in Switzerland into the model. Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation for the daily HBV model in the Rhine Basin – 1 of 29 Part B: Switzerland 1207771-003-ZWS-0017, 11 December 2013, final 2 Approach 2.1 Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) analysis 2.1.1 GLUE in general Working with (complex) models with many parameters introduces the problem of equifinality. This is the effect that multiple parameter sets give approximately the same results. The question is therefore whether one should look for the “best” parameter set. The philosophy of the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) is that instead of finding one optimal parameter set, multiple behavioural parameter sets are accepted as a possible realisation of the hydrology in a catchment. By selecting one or multiple likelihood measures (e.g. Nash-Sutcliff, or Relative Volume error), the parameter sets are analysed on their performance. Only the parameter sets that meet the constraints of the Likelihood measure are selected as “behavioural sets”. The steps in a GLUE analysis are generally as follows: 1) Define the parameters that are to be evaluated (i.e. which are assumed to be unknown a priori). 2) Select a performance measure. 3) Perform a Monte-Carlo simulation on the selected unknown parameters with a sufficient amount of samples. For every run, a set of parameters is randomly selected from a pre-defined uniform distribution of each parameter. 4) Analyse the performance of all selected parameter sets for the selected performance measure. 5) Select ‘behavioural’ parameter sets. These are parameter sets which give a performance above a user-defined threshold. This is one of the subjective steps in the GLUE analysis. 6) Rescale the performance measure of each behavioural parameter set into a likelihood (zero likelihood where the parameter is equal to the performance measure threshold value) so that the sum of all likelihood values equals one. By applying the GLUE analysis, an estimate for the model parameter uncertainty is given. The number of approved parameter sets can then be seen as a value for the uncertainty. The more approved parameter sets there are, the lower the uncertainty is. 2.2 Input/output data 2.2.1 Meteorological forcing As input data, we used the HYRAS 2.0 rainfall (Rauthe et al., 2012). HYRAS 2.0 is a gridded dataset (0.25 degree resolution) of rainfall over the Rhine basin, containing a large set of observations for the period 1955-2006. This dataset has been generated and quality checked by the German Weather Service. For temperature, we used KNMI’s 0.25 degree gridded sub- basin averaged E-OBS version 4.0 (Haylock et al., 2008), also for the period 1955-2006. The gridded data for both temperature and precipitation have been aggregated to HBV sub-basin average values. Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation for the daily HBV model in the Rhine Basin – 3 of 29 Part B: Switzerland 1207771-003-ZWS-0017, 11 December 2013, final 2.2.2 Discharge and water level measurements We used a collection of discharge and lake water level measurements for our GLUE analysis. The set of measurements was collected from the BAFU (Bundesamt für Umwelt) in the spring of 2012 for the purpose of the GLUE analysis. The available stations are listed in Table 2.1. The data has an hourly time step. For use in GRADE, the hourly data are converted to daily average values. Table 2.1 Available discharge and lake water level data from BAFU, with the startdate and enddate of the dataset Station name Type of data Startdate Enddate Aare-Bern, Schonau Discharge 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 Aare-Brugg Discharge 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 Aare-Brugg, Aagerten Discharge 01-01-1983 01-01-2011 Aare-Hagneck Discharge 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 Aare-Thun Discharge 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 Aare-Untersiggenthal Discharge 01-01-1975 01-01-2011 Areuse-Boudry Discharge 01-01-1983 01-01-2011 Birs-Munchenstein Discharge 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 Broye-Payerne Discharge 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 Canal de la Broye-Sugiez Discharge 01-01-1983 01-01-2011 Emme-Wiler Discharge 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 Engelberger Aa-Buochs Discharge 01-01-1983 01-01-2011 Gurbe-Belp, Mulimatt Discharge 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 Kleine Emme-Littau Discharge 01-01-1977 01-01-2011 Limmat-Baden, Limmatpromenade Discharge 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 Linth-Mollis-Lintbrucke Discharge 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 Linth-Weesen, Biasche Discharge 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 Muota-Ingebohl Discharge 01-01-1995 01-01-2011 Orbe-Orbe, Le Chalet Discharge 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 Reuss-Luzern, Geissmattbrucke Discharge 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 Reuss-Melingen Discharge 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 Reuss-Seedorf Discharge 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 Rhein-Basel Discharge 01-01-1995 01-01-2011 Rhein-Diepoldsau Discharge 01-01-1984 01-01-2011 Rhein-Domat/Ems Discharge 01-01-1989 01-01-2011 Rhein-Neuhausen, Flurlingerbrucke Discharge 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 Rhein-Rekingen Discharge 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 Sihl_Zurich, Sihlholzli Discharge 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 Thur-Andelfingen Discharge 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 Werkkanl-Gerlafingen Discharge 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 Wiese-Basel Discharge 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 Zihlkanal-Gampelen Discharge 01-01-1983 01-01-2011 Bielersee-Ligerz Water level 01-01-1976 01-01-2011 Bodensee (Obersee)-Romanshorn Water level 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 Bodensee (Untersee)-Berlingen Water level 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 Lac de Neuchatel Water level 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 Murtensee-Murten Water level 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 Vierwaldstattersee-Brunnen Water level 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 Vierwaldstattersee-Luzern Water level 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 Walensee-Murg Water level 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 Zurichsee-Zurich Water level 01-01-1974 01-01-2011 4 of 29 Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation for the daily HBV model in the Rhine Basin – Part B: Switzerland 1207771-003-ZWS-0017, 11 December 2013, final 2.3 Parameter treatment and range HBV uses many parameters to simulate discharge in response to rainfall.