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Page Sixteen THE JEWISH POST Thursday, April 16, 1970 .. Thu~day_,_Ap~r~il~~~6~,~19~7~O_~, __~ ______~~~ ______~ ______~T_H . .__ E~J~E~W_I~S~~~ . H PO ____S T ~ ______~_~ _____-c-~ __~ ______~~~ Page Seventeen . " to Israel and integrated into a new way of life. Salute -to' Hadassah Hadassah-Wizo has continued its work as the sole • J' • . ~ ~ ." ",' " .agent of the youth AIiyah movement in Canada .. , . ' Hadassah-Wizo members have been and are Tracing Jerusa"lem's Jewish 'H'istory TALMUDIC NAME I, , a dynamic force in their o,,:n com:n:unities, par­ , .52-YEARS "OF A(:HI'EVEMENT ticipating in and offering theIr, qualIties of leader­ HE Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem's Old City ship in every phase of communal endeavor. T was first settled in the seventh century B.C.E., UNEARTHED To adequately express Ha;dassah-Wiz.o's pride towards the end of the Judean Monarchy. This has been established by an archaeological team, Jerusalem - Archeologists recently dis­ HE 23rd Biennial Convention, of the Hadassah­ and joy in Canada's Centenma~ celebratlOn~ and, covered the name Bar Katros inscribed on T Wizo Organization of Canada marked t~e c~le­ at the same time, to offer a gIft on the h!ghest headed by Prof. Nahman Avigad, whkh has just a stone weight in the ruins of a house in bration of its 50th year as a national orgamzatlOn, ctlltural level to the people of Canada, motIyated completed a dig near the Street of the Jews. The Jerusalem destroyed hy the Romans 1,900 which has made an amazing contribution to indi­ a careful study which involved two years of mves-' . . three-month excavation was carried out on a 400-­ years ago. , ,, , vidual communities to Canada at large and to I tigation., Then the news came that the famous square-meter area, under the Joint auspices of the . The house, in the Jewish quarter of the the State of Israel. Culminating 52 years of Soncino Press had published for the first' time an , Hebrew University's Archaeology Institute, the Government Antiquities Department and the Israel Old City, is the nl'st ,.discovered "intact". service encompassing many spheres of activities English version of the Babylonian Talmud. ~e 'from the siege and fire ~hat ended .a J~wish in hu~anitarian fields, especially in education, decision was instantaneous . . . to present thIS Explorlttion Society.' Next spring, the dig will be revolt in A.D. 70. IsraelIs are showmg great researcb, rescue and rehabilitation. Hadassah­ 18 volume 'Talmud to 27 universities throughout extended northwards. ' interest in it because it represents the first Wizo looks back with pride on its many years Oanada, as well as to Cardinal Pau!-EmiIe L~ger, Professor A vigad told a press conference re­ visual evidence of the event. . of achievement, and with confidence to the future who, graciously accepted a set for hIS own prIvate cently that the Crusaders, in building there 900 Prof. Nahman Avigad of Hebrew Uni­ for an ever expanding horizon of activities on library, and to his Worship .Mayor Jean Drapea~, years ago, had left enough of the ~arlier struc­ 'versity, who is uncovering the ruins in th~ behalf of its fellow men. ' whose gift is housed today m the Montreal Mu.m­ tures standing to allow reconstructIOn of settle­ walled Old City, which came under IsraelI Inaugurated in 1917, in a world racked by war cipal Library: Within the pages of the. BabyloI?-Ian ment at the site. He said continuous del).se inhabi­ control in the 1967 war, said the named .Bar and revolution; Hadassah-Wizo came into being Talmud is the wisdom, laws, and ethICS acqUIred tation in recent history had barred archaeological Katros appeared in the Talmud as a family through the determination of a handful of Tor-, exploration. Only now, with the clearing awar of ,:: by the ancient prophets during the ce!lturies pre- of high priests. onto' women who banded. together to answer the , and post-Biblical times. Just, as pertment .today the rubble of buildings destroyed by the Jordal1lans Bar Katros is the family name. The first plea for help which came from homeless and as it was in the Third ,Century A.D., when It was in 1948, prior to restoration, work, had a ~umber name is 'missing, beirigon' a part of the, destitute mother and children expelled from Pales­ compiled by the Hebrew, sages, the. SOI?-dn? Tal­ of small sections been opened for study; As a weight that had been. chipped off. There was ," tine then in the hands of the Turks. Small groups mud will, be a constant source of mspiratIon to result of the dig, scholarly debate was now over no way of knowing If Bar Katros was the , spr~ng up in the various cities, but it was only MRS.· HYMAN WISENTHAL which scientists, educators, and religious ,bodies as to whether Jerusalem first spread to this west­ owner 01' tenant of the house, or both., , in 1919 that Hadassah-Wizo emerged as a national National President will turn in quest of the fundamental wisdom on ern hilI only in the Second Temple period, or whe­ The Taimud, the ,body of Jewish law, co~­ .." entity through the 'efforts of the. late Mrs .. A. J. bef~re [ which three religions are based. Hadrassah-Wizo ther the expansion had' occurred' earlier, piled in the second century, also includes dIS­ " Freiman of Ottawa. An energetic, dynamIC wo­ refuge had to be found for thousands of children was honored by the Centennial Commission with the destruction of the First Temple in the JsraelIte cussions and elaboration ()f the law, with man Mrs. Freiman because of her compassion whose very lives were in jeopardy. Hadassah- the presentation of ten medals to top leadership. Period. ' many'legends and stol·ies. Professor Avi~ad forthe.suffering of deprived peoples, was involved l'" Wizo threw its energies and resources behind the. Expo '67 and its theme, "Man and His World" Floor Dated to Israelite Period storle~ in various 'national charitable organizations, in­ said that it was in these legends and' I," Youth Aliyah Campaign Of. Rescue and Re~abili- proved to be an irresistible combination. From The dig had uncovered a plastered floor which that the name Bar Katros appeared. ", eluding Red Cross. Her acceptance of the natio~al f, tation. One hundred ,and thIrty thousand chIldren. coast to coast, Hadassah-Wizo held special events can be dated to the Israelite Period of the seventh 'Professor Avigad has been 'excavating , presidency of Hadassah-Wizo w!!-s hera~ded WIth were saved from the holocaust. They were, brought (Cont. on Page 29), _ century B.O.E. by the vessels of that ,Perio.d found two rooms of a structure believed to be about I, great, enthusiasm and her tenure of offIce lasted ·in situ. Also found was a plastered PIt whIch may ,Ancient Menol'all found by archaeologists near the (Con~. on Pag<;32) until her death in 1935. From this nucleus Western Wall, Jerusalem. .' f. have been part 'of an olive press. At the same throughQut the years grew the largest Jewish level was found a layer of good red earth, upon .; women's organization in Canada whose l)1ember- I',." Will European Jewry Disappear? which the Israelites built their first houses. ' , ship today is 16,000. ' Previous small digs within the Old City Walls " From the early beginning until the present Depiction of Q 2,200-Ye"r·Old Menorah ,of Second ,Temple " In the beginning the Algerian refugees -Kenyon's in the Armenian Quarter and in the "I, day ll!ldassah-Wizo's efforts were mother and Citadel (near· " child oriented. ,Schools; agricultural settlements, Discovered by Archeologists in Old Jerusalem f their feet and establishing themselves. Now, Jaffa Gate), in addition to two trial trenches in ! medical service's, cultural projects, and scientific the Jewish Quarter following the Six-Day War-. I' institutes were established, and the love of Can­ some eight years later, they have in most cases From The'New York Times "The depiction is rare ,because of the holiness f' 1XTHEN one considers that, for ,the last one cast roots and the first blossoms ofa new virile had turned up broken bits, of pottery dating to of the 'object," he said, speaking to newsmen D;ot " ada was always the fooo.l point of their efforts, VV thousand years,Europe was the continent the Israelite Period .. But they were always found By JAMES' FERON t' fo'r 'through a strong lIadassah~Wizo program. in life ai'e becoming. distinctly noticeable. Slowly far from the excavation. "It was not used artIS­ II which housed the powerhouse of ,Jew,ry, and bear­ congregations are being esta,blished where there used for "fill" for construction purposes and the tically as far as we know prior to the ·destl·uction }i' Canada wel'e forged unbreakabl¢ bonds WIth ing in mind the thriving and flourishing, Jewish place from which they came could not be deter­ I'I, \ were none for centuries, or perhaps ever. Talmidei 'of, the Second Temple:'" , Israel. At the Hebrew University in Jerusalem life that preyailed there just before Wor,ld War mined. On the basis of the present evidence, said Jerusalem ii there is Canada Hall, a400-seat auditorium which Torah and Jewish Day Schools are on the in-, "We think this is its. most authentic repre­ j;" II the traveller through 'Europe today IS filled Prof. Avigad, it could not be determined' whether XCAVATIONS in the Jewish Quarter of Jeru- lias, witnessed 'the pr~sence' of renpwl1E;d' person­ crease and it cannot be doubted tllat the disinte­ sentation beca~se it~as probably done by: some­ with dismay' and, gloom whe~ turrfthg his eye this was the site of the second century RC.E., " salem's Old City have revealed what is \ cori­ ,! gration of the Algerian Jewish community proved E one who saw tHe one m the Temple. We thmk the , alities in theworld,of science, letters, and theol­ " upon the Jewish communities. ' to be the gain of French Jewry. Maccabean palace, built on the ruins of the Akra, sidered to be the earliest depiction of the Menorah ! the Vincent' Massey Hall in the ~ational date is the secoild half of the firSt century, B.C." , ogy; With the exclusion of England from the Euro­ An added important' aspect in this situation' a Syrian-Greek citadel conquered, by Simon the that burned in' the Second Temple. '. ' ,f Jewish University Library; the gardens m front . IProfessor'Avigad said that older. Menorahs had ( ,pean contineIlt,:ther~ is b.ut :o~e·countr:y that can is the fact that the Algerian Jews were, by and Maccabee in 143 -E.C.E. Incised 'In a' wall plastered 2,200 years, ago, " of Canada Hall bear the illustrious name of Louis been found on Hasmonean coins and on a tomb in St., Laurent a, former 'Prime Minister, of Canada; record an upswmg of Je:Wlsh hfe, both. m numb~rs large, intensely religious and thus brought with the seven-branched Menorah, or candelabra, was ~ rand activity and that IS France. ThIS exceptIon them a spirit of devotion and loyalty to the Jew­ Fragments Depicting ,Temple Candelabrum found by a team headed by Prof. Nahn:an Avig!J.d Jerusalem. ,The Menorahs on the coins >rere.indis­ U , the facade is 'built 'of Canadian stone, a gift from ,is however 'due to the tragic turn iIi the.fate of An outstanding find, said Prof. Avigad, con- of Hebrew University .. It, went on dIsplay last tinct arid schematic, he said, and the one on the l~ " the Provincial Governments, which wiI,l endure ish faith, prompting them to establish quickly .tomb bad ,been scratched in roughly. "i' the Algeria'n Jews, who were forced to flee their new synagogue and houses of learning for young sisted bf twofragmerits of wall plaster incised December in the Israel Museum. . , ~: , through countless time. An amazing contribution . country and i,n the main went to France., with a seven-branched candelabrum. It was made Pi.ofessor Avigad said that the Menorah had The one found in the Jewish quarter, its date, Ii has been made to scientific research in the nelds and old in their ,adjustment to a new destiny; i There is still a cleavage between the "'Then the Second Temple still stood with a,candel- been found only a few hundred yards' from the' determined by suI-rounding evidence of Imown civi­ oicancer 'and. heart t):Irough the e'Fchange of abrum of this kind as one of its ritual vessels and Temple Mount, the site of, the·,Second Temple;. lization was said, by Professor, A vigad to be 70 medical teams between ().Imada " and Israel. A , Algerian-Sefardi and the French Jews, con­ \ , ,. the artist must have seen it. Only two other which was destroyed.i~ 70 A.D .. The western .s~p­ to 100 years older than the versi()n created in 'Rome !i. sisting of those of more ancient domicile , i BiogQlical,Laboratory~ ,and Blood' Fr.action~tion > contemporary representations exist and both are porting wall of the'temple is known as the WaIlmg to celebrate the Roman victory over Jerusalem ,f . i as well as the refugee.,element who came , :i centre has' 'been establIshed, and a PolIo, InstItute only silnple sketches. One is on the wall of Jason's Wall. " " ' . 1,900 years ago. .'., services the entire Middle East. The Children's to setttle in France shortly after World i Tomb in Rehov Alfassi, Jerusalem, and the second "The 'artist probably saw the Temple Menorah, It Village of Hadassim attracts educat~onists from War II. It is, however, likely that the very has never, been certain if the Roman Meno­ marked gulf between the' two, sections will on a coin of the first century B.,C.E. 'There are every day," Professor Avigad said .. "In any case, ' rah had been cut into stone by artists copying the all over the world to learn the methods e1'l)ployed, some doubts as to the authenticity of all the details he was certainly an eye~witness." .' , " as does the Agricultural SchOol of Nahalal, where gradually be reduced,' so that the commu­ original candelabra, perhaps oor:t:ied to Rome as ' nity ,in France will become moulded into in the menorah depicted on the famous Arch of The Menorah is represented on Israel s state war booty, 'or as a rough depictIOn drawn from love of the land is' fostered among young people Titus in Rome. '.'. , ,seal and ·is probably, the most widely produced 'who have .come from 73 countries to find a perma­ an harmonious entity, albeit with variations memory or sketches. in customs and traditions. Along with the fragments depicting the candel- religious symbol in Jewish history, . In any event the depiction discovered under nent home and security in Israel. It is pertinent , abrum, bits of frescp dating to the Herodian . Before Prof.. Avigad's discovery, 'the earlIest ,to add,that General Moshe Qayan is a graduate Small Communities 15 feet of Jerus~lem debris will be regarded by periods were found. Prof. Avigad said Herod 'depiction wason the marble victory arch of Titus students of Judaic history as a major find., .. of the Nahalal Agricultural SchooL" . . Turning away from France and coasting' decorated his paiaces at Massada and Herodium ,in Rome. That Menorah was considered the most ", During, World Wars:I and ;n, Hadass.ah-~izo , over the European continent, one tramples with frescos but the fragments found here were autheritic example of the holy oil light, and served , In the Temple, the Menorah was one of the . threw its energies into the women's ,0rgamzatlOnal upon the ruins of devastated communities . of much superior quality and some could be cbm- as' a model for Israel's seal. " " , . , holiest items, probably second. only to the Torah, ' ,pOol ,?f Red Cross and the ,victory Loan. A ~q-bed " In every European country, large or small; pared in artistry with those found at 'Pompeii.. " "I don't think we will have to change the 'seal," or. Scroll of the Law. It is because of the Hasmo­ . hospItal wasspol}so;red 111 , England; a mlhtarr, the total Jewish popl)Jation can be counted The frescos 'and the fragments of Ionian capitals .Professor A viwad ~aid with a laugh ... It's really neans, the J:ews of that period, tha~, such impor­ i' hospital and an. aIrcraft ambulance to ,serve BrI­ in the hundreds rather than the thousands. which were also found could only have been used the same Menorah." , tance 'has bMn attached to the Menor~h. f tish soldiers in Palestine ~nd' the ,Middle East . In '167 B.C., the SYrian-Greeks 'conquered JeJ:u- ' ! , Hungary, Czechoslovalda, Yugoslavia, Aus­ for some importantpiIblic building, probably Her- But the one depicted in Rome has figures on 'were donated, as ,well,' as' several<.fully-equipped tria, etc., all present the same picture. COm­ odian, he sai,d. ' the base, an obvious artistic addition sjncegraven salem and introduced idol worship to the temple. ambulances for use in England. yanteens were .. munities which numbered in former times Nine Stages of Occupation Revealed images would have ,been 'barred from the Temple 'When the .Jews under the Hasmoneans reconqner'ed i established in England and ~alestrne. The ,Sara hundreds of thousands of Jewish souls, to­ At the Herodian level was found ,a staircase Menorah by religious law.,', '. ' Jerusalem they found no ready slipply of con- I, ' Delano Roose;veJt Me~orial Home for'hombe~-out .day do not reach together the 50,000 mark, leading into a small pool which may have 13erved Professor Avigad said that .the Menorah 'that secrated oil to light the Mehora;h. ' , , ,) ! children: was fUl,'nished in Lond9n. ,A'recreatlO;nal :and those that are there are spiritually . According to legend, one container of oil was , \ as a ritual 'bath. Another unusual find was an his team of archaeologists ,had found had been' , 1, ,I Hostel' for worrien's~orps was 'set up in Palestine, battered and" physically spent, unable to elaborately engraved stone fragment portraying split in two parts, put was now rest?red. It.might· f6und,-enough to last for a day, but it'burned for , I' ahd Egypt as well as ,blood bank and sUI?pIies " a plant ne"" roots. The odd Bar Mitzvah cele­ a motif hitherto found only on Hasmonean coins also coritain ilidications of artistic license. ,It the occasional ceremony of cir- Navy and Merchant ,Q\[arI:ne, as well as'shlppmg Some 500 coins were found at the site, dating He indic~ted, how~ever, that It contamed'1!-oth- lights, or Chanuk~h. The Chanukah Menorah uses 'cumcision so rarely performed in Czecho­ from 50 B.C.E. to the Third Year of the, Revolt in" ing that would rUle 'It out as an accur~te repre- , four lamps on each sideof'th.e .s,!and and a ,central ' par.cels to the InE\n !lvef~eaS:,.' ", .' ' " slovakia, the closed-down synagogues where

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