DOCSLIB.ORG

Glass Production and Consumption in the Hellenistic World by Katherine

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Glass Production and Consumption in the Hellenistic World by Katherine From Luxury Product to Mass Commodity: Glass Production and Consumption in the Hellenistic World by Katherine Anne Larson A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Classical Art and Archaeology) in the University of Michigan 2016 Doctoral Committee: Professor Sharon C. Herbert, Chair Associate Professor Ian Moyer Professor Lisa Nevett Professor Margaret Cool Root Professor Carla Sinopoli © Katherine Anne Larson, 2016 Dedication For Mom and Dad ii Acknowledgments Over the last eight years, Sharon Herbert has been my mentor and advisor, providing everything from dissertation and career advice to book recommendations to a (temporary) place to live. I am so grateful for her wisdom, experience, leadership, and insight. I admire so much about her, and the greatest privilege of my Michigan education has been the opportunity to learn from Sharon and count her a friend. Carla Sinopoli helped with much of the intellectual framing of this dissertation, including a push to get me to explore the consumption side of Hellenistic glass alongside the production and technology angle. Her sage advice at every stage has been invaluable. Margaret Cool Root introduced me to the world of ancient artists and workshop production as well as network theory, which didn’t quite made its way into this project but informed my early thinking about technological and knowledge exchange in important ways. Thank you for many stimulating discussions in which I always felt encouraged and engaged. Lisa Nevett provided keen advice on theoretical applications to material datasets and the growth of the economy and increased private domestic display in the first millennium BCE, which helped me grasp the bigger picture of how glass fit into contemporary societal trends. Ian Moyer helped situate my research within the broader scope of Hellenistic history and economy, for which I am thoroughly grateful. I also extend great appreciation and admiration to Andrea Berlin, for teaching me to find the story in each group of objects and sharing her love of the Hellenistic world, and to Elaine Gazda, for her unwavering encouragement during my time in iii IPCAA, including her assistance in formulating the ideas and structure at early research stages of this dissertation. Rackham Graduate School, the Interdepartmental Program in Art and Archaeology, the Classics Department, and the Museum Studies Program have provided research funding and logistical support over these many years at Michigan. Since beginning work on this dissertation, I received additional funding from the International Institute at the University of Michigan, the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, the American Schools of Oriental Research, and the Association Internationale pour l’Histoire du Verre to support travel, research, and presentation of new ideas, connecting me to a network of scholars and facilitating important exchanges of knowledge. Alex Zwinak deserves special individual mention and accolades for everything he does to support IPCAA students on small and large scales. Many individuals have provided crucial assistance with the technical, scholarly, and material aspects of this research. I benefited immensely from a trip to the Corning Museum of Glass and Rakow Research Library in April 2015, and I have deep appreciation for the hospitality, knowledge, and warmth shared by everyone I met there, each of whom contributed to my thinking about glass. Special thanks to Gail Bardhan, Bill Gudenrath, Alexandra Ruggiero, and Karol Wight. I also wish to thank Tasos Antonaras, Laure Dussubieux, Alysia Fischer, Yael Gorin-Rosen, Ruth Jackson-Tal, Margaret O’Hea, Jutta Page, Marianne Stern, and Allison Sterrett-Krause for conversations and communications which provided additional insight into the current state of ancient glass research and publication. Any mistakes or misunderstandings herein are certainly my own. Guy Sanders and Ioulia Tzonou-Herbst at the American School Corinth Excavations allowed me to come study actual archaeological glass (even though there turned out not to be much Hellenistic) during Spring-Summer 2013. I am exceedingly grateful iv for their hospitality and generosity with material, time, and knowledge. Janet Jones kindly shared her draft manuscript of the cast and core-formed glass vessels from Gordion, and Elaine Gazda and Darby Scott allowed me to discuss David Grose’s unpublished manuscript on the glass from Cosa. I blew glass for the first time with Annette Baron of Baron Glassworks in Ypsilanti, Michigan, and I thank her for her enthusiasm and for showing me some ancient techniques. Peter Knoop unflinchingly aided my forays into database design and GIS-aided analysis. Any graduate program is only as good as its graduate students, and I am perpetually humbled by the greatness of my IPCAA colleagues. Thanks to my cohort mates Daniel Diffendale, Nicole High, Jana Mokrisova, and Emma Sachs, as well as archaeologists and travel companions at Michigan and beyond: Laura Banducci, Lisa Çakmak, Caitlin Clerkin, Henry Colburn, Katherine Harrington, Jenny Krieger, Tom Landvatter, Leah Long, Charlotte Maxwell- Jones, Michael McOsker, and Justin Winger. You have each contributed to my intellectual and personal growth in ways I can neither quantify nor fully explain. Your insights, bibliography suggestions, theoretical approaches, and love for the ancient world are at the heart of this dissertation. I also acknowledge with gratitude the friendship of Suzanne Davis and Collin Ganio, who kept me fed and sane from day one in Ann Arbor. Ryan Hughes is another brilliant IPCAA colleague and by all rights deserves intellectual acknowledgment along with them, not least for dealing with my exploits with GIS and map- making. Thanks for hanging in there with me through the “hard part.” You (and Pete) have made this all worth it. Let our New York adventure begin! Finally, to my family, for always, always, always showing pride, support, and love. Kim Otto first introduced me to the worlds of glass, international travel, and Macalester College, and I v am proud to be Chippie to her Dippie. Beth Piccard is the greatest sister and friend imaginable; I hope one day to be more like her. And to my parents, Barb and Dan Larson. You taught me to work hard and with integrity, to find pride and self worth from the inside, and that having passion for your career doesn’t mean you have to like everything about it. I’m not sure you expected me to apply those lessons to the pursuit of a Ph.D., but here we are. This dissertation contains over 100,000 words, but these two are the most important: Thank You. vi Table of Contents Dedication ................................................................................................................ ii Acknowledgments .................................................................................................. iii List of Figures ........................................................................................................ xii List of Tables ........................................................................................................ xiv Abstract ................................................................................................................. xvi Chapter 1. Glass and the Hellenistic World .......................................................... 1 Before the Revolution: The Significance of Hellenistic Glass ................................................... 1 Hellenization and the Hellenistic World ..................................................................................... 5 Economic Growth ....................................................................................................................... 8 Hellenistic Households and Material Culture ........................................................................... 13 Hellenization as Globalization .................................................................................................. 16 Overview of the Dissertation ...................................................................................................... 17 Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 17 Scope ......................................................................................................................................... 18 Limitations ................................................................................................................................ 29 Organization and Summary ...................................................................................................... 31 Chapter 2. Glass Workshops and Objects in the Hellenistic Period.................34 vii Changes in the Hellenistic Glass Industry: A Matter of Scale................................................ 34 What is Glass? Composition and Scientific Analysis............................................................... 35 Primary and Secondary Workshops ......................................................................................... 40 The Forms and Technologies of Hellenistic Glass ................................................................... 47 Core-form Cosmetic Vessels .................................................................................................... 48 Polychrome Tablewares ...........................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Comparative Study of Leaf, Arabesque and Ivy Motifs in Egyptian Fatimids Glass and Seljuks of Iran1
    Volume 6 Issue 1 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND June 2019 CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356-5926 Comparative Study of leaf, arabesque and Ivy motifs in Egyptian Fatimids glass and Seljuks of Iran1 Seyed Reza Hoseini2, Parisa Mohammadi3 Abstract: During the Islamic period, the art of glassware grew considerably in the era of the Fatimids of Egypt and at the same time during the Seljuqs dynasty of Iran. The coexistence of these two dynasties and the relationships between them can provide the basis for following the characteristics of each works. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of the form and also to identify the similarities and differences in plant motifs of leaves, arabesque and ivy motifs in glassware of these two dynasties. Accordingly, the following question arises: What are the similarities and differences in the plant motifs of leaves, arabesque and ivy motifs in the Fatimids and Seljuks glassware? In order to answer this question, 55 works were employed; among them,19 items of the Fatimids dynasty glassware and 17 items of the Seljuqs dynasty glassware with mentioned motifs have been compared. Using a descriptive analytical approach, this comparative-historical research has been conducted based on the library resources. The results show that in Fatimids works, palm leaves are often similar to the original form of the leaf, in the form of a triangle and decorated with golden colour, which can indicate the importance of the motif, but in the Seljuqs works, the leaves have different forms and often an abstract form. Two dynasties' motifs were common in the use of empty space and curved forms.
    [Show full text]
  • Luxury Board Games for the Northern Greek Elite Despina Ignatiadou
    Luxury Board Games for the Northern Greek Elite Despina Ignatiadou To cite this version: Despina Ignatiadou. Luxury Board Games for the Northern Greek Elite. Archimède : archéologie et histoire ancienne, UMR7044 - Archimède, 2019, pp.144-159. halshs-02927454 HAL Id: halshs-02927454 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02927454 Submitted on 1 Sep 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. N°6 ARCHÉOLOGIE ET HISTOIRE ANCIENNE 2019 1 DOSSIER THÉMATIQUE : HISTOIRES DE FIGURES CONSTRUITES : LES FONDATEURS DE RELIGION DOSSIER THÉMATIQUE : JOUER DANS L’ANTIQUITÉ : IDENTITÉ ET MULTICULTURALITÉ GAMES AND PLAY IN ANTIQUITY: IDENTITY AND MULTICULTURALITY 71 Véronique DASEN et Ulrich SCHÄDLER Introduction EGYPTE 75 Anne DUNN-VATURI Aux sources du « jeu du chien et du chacal » 89 Alex DE VOOGT Traces of Appropriation: Roman Board Games in Egypt and Sudan 100 Thierry DEPAULIS Dés coptes ? Dés indiens ? MONDE GREC 113 Richard. H.J. ASHTON Astragaloi on Greek Coins of Asia Minor 127 Véronique DASEN Saltimbanques et circulation de jeux 144 Despina IGNATIADOU Luxury Board Games for the Northern Greek Elite 160 Ulrich SCHÄDLER Greeks, Etruscans, and Celts at play MONDE ROMAIN 175 Rudolf HAENSCH Spiele und Spielen im römischen Ägypten: Die Zeugnisse der verschiedenen Quellenarten 186 Yves MANNIEZ Jouer dans l’au-delà ? Le mobilier ludique des sépultures de Gaule méridionale et de Corse (Ve siècle av.
    [Show full text]
  • Du 18E CONGRÈS De L’ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE Pour L’HISTOIRE Du VERRE C Y M B C Y M B
    ANNALES Thessaloniki 2009 du 18e CONGRÈS de l’ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE pour l’HISTOIRE du VERRE C Y M B C Y M B C Y M B ANNALES du 18e CONGRÈS de l’ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE pour l’HISTOIRE du VERRE Editors Despina Ignatiadou, Anastassios Antonaras Editing Committee Nadia Coutsinas Ian C. Freestone Sylvia Fünfschilling Caroline Jackson Janet Duncan Jones Marie-Dominique Nenna Lisa Pilosi Maria Plastira-Valkanou Jennifer Price Jane Shadel Spillman Marco Verità David Whitehouse B M Y C Thessaloniki 2009 C Y M B i C Y M B C Y M B C Y M B B M Y C Couverture / Cover illustration The haematinon bowl from Pydna. Height 5.5 cm. © 27th Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities, Greece. The bowl (skyphos) is discussed in the paper by Despina Ignatiadou ‘A haematinon bowl from Pydna’, p. 69. © 2012 Thessaloniki AIHV and authors ISBN: 978-90-72290-00-7 Editors: Despina Ignatiadou, Anastassios Antonaras AIHV Association Internationale pour l’Histoire du Verre International Association for the History of Glass http: www.aihv.org Secretariat: The Corning Museum of Glass One Museum Way B M Corning NY, 14830 USA Y C Printed by: ZITI Publishing, Thessaloniki, Greece http: www.ziti.gr C Y M B ii C Y M B C Y M B C Y M B C Y M B CONTENTS PRÉFACE – MARIE-DOMINIQUE NENNA . xiii PREFACE – MARIE-DOMINIQUE NENNA . xv GREEK LITERARY SOURCES STERN MARIANNE EVA Ancient Greek technical terms related to glass production . 1 2nd MILLENNIUM BC / BRONZE AGE GLASS NIGHTINGALE GEORG Glass and faience and Mycenaean society .
    [Show full text]
  • Quarterly Journal of the All India Glass Manufacturers' Federation
    Vol. 3 | No. 4 | January - March 2016 Quarterly Journal of The All India Glass Manufacturers’ Federation Bi-lingual www.aigmf.com Technical Articles Prof. (Dr.) A. K. Bandyopadhyay Prof. (Dr.) A Sustainable 50 for postage postage for 50 ` ASS ASS www.aigmf.com Building and Packaging material An Publication - GlASS Gl Gl 500 (within India) + + India) (within 500 ` ` Kanch | Vol. 3 | No. 4 | January-March 2016 2 Overseas: US$ 60 (including postage and bank charges) bank and postage (including 60 US$ Overseas: Order Print Copies: Print Order Price: Price: www.aigmf.com President SANJAY GANJOO Sr. Vice President ARUN KUMAR DUKKIPATI Vice President RAJ KUMAR MITTAL Hon. General Secretary BHARAT SOMANY Hon. Treasurer SANJAY AGARWAL Member Editorial Board A K Bandyopadhyay Quarterly Journal of THE ALL INDIA GLASS MANUFACTURERS’ FEDERATION Former Principal, Govt. College of Engineering & Ceramic Technology-GCECT, Kolkata DEVENDRA KUMAR Prof. & HOD, Dept. of Ceramic, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Vol. 3 | No. 4 | January-March 2016 K K SHARMA President, NIGMA and Plant Head, HNG Neemrana, Rajasthan MEMBER ASSOCIatIONS EASTERN INDIA GLASS MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION (EIGMA) Contents c/o La Opala RG Ltd. Chitrakoot, 10th Floor, 230 A, A.J.C. Bose Road From President's Desk 5 Kolkata - 700 020 President - Sushil Jhunjhunwala Glass as Vital Building Material for Smart / Solar Cities NORTHERN INDIA GLASS MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION (NIGMA) & c/o Hindustan National Glass & Industries Limited 6 Post Office - Bahadurgarh, Jhajjar, Haryana-124 507 Book Launch: “Glass - A Sustainable Building and Packaging President - KK Sharma Material” Vice President - Jimmy Tyagi Honorary General Secretary - NN Goyal Glass News 13 Secretary & Treasurer - JB Bhardwaj SOUTH INDIA GLASS MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION (SIGMA) Smart City and Glasses for Flat-Screen Products – Part II 21 c/o AGI Glasspac (An SBU of HSIL Ltd.) Glass Factory Road, Off.
    [Show full text]
  • Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Management of Water Resources in the Island of Crete, Greece
    water Review Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Management of Water Resources in the Island of Crete, Greece V. A. Tzanakakis 1,2,*, A. N. Angelakis 3,4 , N. V. Paranychianakis 5, Y. G. Dialynas 6 and G. Tchobanoglous 7 1 Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter (HAO-Demeter), Soil and Water Resources Institute, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece 2 Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Science, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Iraklion, 71410 Crete, Greece 3 HAO-Demeter, Agricultural Research Institution of Crete, 71300 Iraklion, Greece 4 Union of Water Supply and Sewerage Enterprises, 41222 Larissa, Greece; [email protected] 5 School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece; [email protected] 6 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; [email protected] 7 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 12 April 2020; Accepted: 16 May 2020; Published: 28 May 2020 Abstract: Crete, located in the South Mediterranean Sea, is characterized by long coastal areas, varied terrain relief and geology, and great spatial and inter-annual variations in precipitation. Under average meteorological conditions, the island is water-sufficient (969 mm precipitation; theoretical water potential 3284 hm3; and total water use 610 hm3). Agriculture is by far the greatest user of water (78% of total water use), followed by domestic use (21%). Despite the high average water availability, water scarcity events commonly occur, particularly in the eastern-south part of the island, driven by local climatic conditions and seasonal or geographical mismatches between water availability and demand.
    [Show full text]
  • AIHV-Kongress Thessaloniki 2009: Annales AIHV No. 18 Erschienen 2012-09
    Pressglas-Korrespondenz 2012-3 SG September 2012 AIHV-Kongress Thessaloniki 2009: Annales AIHV No. 18 erschienen 2012-09 Abb. 2012-3/62-01 Marie-Dominique Nenna Annales du 18e Congrès de l’Association Internationale pour l’Histoire du Verre Preface ISBN 978-90-72290-00-7, Einband Titelbild: The haematinon bowl from Pydna. Height 5.5 cm. I have great pleasure in presenting you with the Annales © 27th Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities, of the 18th congress of the Association Internationale Greece. s. Ignatiadou, A haematinon bowl from Pydna, p. 69 pour l’Histoire du Verre, and I wish to thank all those who have ensured that this publication appears with the least delay: principally the authors, the academic committee, and especially the academic editors of the volume, Despina Ignatiadou, vice-president, and member of the board of the AIHV for the years 2006- 2012, and Anastassios Antonaras. The 18th congress of the AIHV was held in Thessaloniki from September 21st - 25th, 2009. It was dedicated to Clasina Isings, who came, via a video, to offer us her best wishes. Here we have to warmly thank the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki which has organized the whole manifestation, and the Museum of Byzantine Culture, which has hosted our sessions in the brand new auditorium of the Museum, used for the first time for our congress. All our warm thanks also to The Friends of the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki who supported the organization of the congress among the others with the nice bag decorated with bird-balsamaria, and The Prefecture of Thessaloniki, who has hosted us at the end of the congress.
    [Show full text]
  • Monuments, Materiality, and Meaning in the Classical Archaeology of Anatolia
    MONUMENTS, MATERIALITY, AND MEANING IN THE CLASSICAL ARCHAEOLOGY OF ANATOLIA by Daniel David Shoup A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Classical Art and Archaeology) in The University of Michigan 2008 Doctoral Committee: Professor Elaine K. Gazda, Co-Chair Professor John F. Cherry, Co-Chair, Brown University Professor Fatma Müge Göçek Professor Christopher John Ratté Professor Norman Yoffee Acknowledgments Athena may have sprung from Zeus’ brow alone, but dissertations never have a solitary birth: especially this one, which is largely made up of the voices of others. I have been fortunate to have the support of many friends, colleagues, and mentors, whose ideas and suggestions have fundamentally shaped this work. I would also like to thank the dozens of people who agreed to be interviewed, whose ideas and voices animate this text and the sites where they work. I offer this dissertation in hope that it contributes, in some small way, to a bright future for archaeology in Turkey. My committee members have been unstinting in their support of what has proved to be an unconventional project. John Cherry’s able teaching and broad perspective on archaeology formed the matrix in which the ideas for this dissertation grew; Elaine Gazda’s support, guidance, and advocacy of the project was indispensible to its completion. Norman Yoffee provided ideas and support from the first draft of a very different prospectus – including very necessary encouragement to go out on a limb. Chris Ratté has been a generous host at the site of Aphrodisias and helpful commentator during the writing process.
    [Show full text]
  • Classical and Hellenistic Glass Workshops from Rhodes
    Classical and Hellenistic glass workshops from Rhodes Pavlos Triantafyllidis* Among the various crafts of Rhodes, glass making1 undoubtedly occupied an important position during the Classical and Hellenistic periods in the thriving commer- cial and economic activity of the island2. The arguments for a flourishing glassworking production on the island of Rhodes are mainly based on the typological and chrono- logical study of many finds, and on workshop evidence which came to light during the fifty-four years of rescue excavations of the 22nd Ephorate of Prehistorical and Classical Antiquities, mainly at the edge of the plain, in the Pano;ı “Akran (Diodoros 20.83.1-4), the town of Rhodes, as well as in the excavations of the then Italian Archaeological Service3 in Ialysos and Camiros. 1. The end of the sixth century and the fifth century BC The local glass production of Rhodes seems to have begun in the last quarter of the 6th century BC with the manufacture of opaque core-formed vessels (fig. 1), but also of opaque rod-formed head-shaped and figurine-pen- dants (fig. 2) and of multi-coloured beads of similar manufacture to the core-formed vessels found mainly in Fig. 1 — Core-formed amphoriskoi. Rhodes. Late 6c. BC. * Archaeologist, 22nd Archaeological Ephorate of Prehistorical and Classical Antiquities, Ippoton Street, GR- 85100 Rhodes, Greece. 1 Weinberg 1992, p. 19, 23; Triantafyllidis 1997; id. 2000, p. 30; id. 2002, p. 21-22. 2 Rostovtzeff (M.), The Social and Economic History of the Hellenistic World, II, Oxford, 1941, p. 676ff.; Berthold (R.M.), Rhodes in the Hellenistic Age, London, 1984, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Bullseye Glass Catalog
    CATALOG BULLSEYE GLASS For Art and Architecture IMPOSSIBLE THINGS The best distinction between art and craft • A quilt of color onto which children have that I’ve ever heard came from artist John “stitched” their stories of plants and Torreano at a panel discussion I attended a animals (page 5) few years ago: • A 500-year-old street in Spain that “Craft is what we know; art is what we don’t suddenly disappears and then reappears know. Craft is knowledge; art is mystery.” in a gallery in Portland, Oregon (page 10) (Or something like that—John was talking • The infinite stories of seamstresses faster than I could write). preserved in cast-glass ghosts (page 25) The craft of glass involves a lifetime of • A tapestry of crystalline glass particles learning, but the stories that arise from that floating in space, as ethereal as the craft are what propel us into the unknown. shadows it casts (page 28) At Bullseye, the unknown and oftentimes • A magic carpet of millions of particles of alchemical aspects of glass continually push crushed glass with the artists footprints us into new territory: to powders, to strikers, fired into eternity (page 31) to reactive glasses, to developing methods • A gravity-defying vortex of glass finding like the vitrigraph and flow techniques. its way across the Pacific Ocean to Similarly, we're drawn to artists who captivate Emerge jurors (and land on the tell their stories in glass based on their cover of this catalog) exceptional skills, but even more on their We hope this catalog does more than point boundless imaginations.
    [Show full text]
  • CHS Kosmos Society Readings (PDF)
    CHS Kosmos Society Online Open House Readings 3.19.21 The End of the Histories Presentation Prof. Scarlett Kingsley (Agnes Scott) and Prof. Tim Rood (Oxford) 1. Hdt. Mycale 9.90–105 (trans. Godley, 1920) 90. Now on the same day when the Persians were so stricken at Plataea, it so happened that they suffered a similar fate at Mykale in Ionia. When the Greeks who had come in their ships with Leutychides the Lacedaemonian were encamped at Delos, certain messengers came to them there from Samos, Lampon of Thrasycles, Athenagoras son of Archestratides, and Hegesistratus son of Aristagoras. The Samians had sent these, keeping their despatch secret from the Persians and the tyrant Theomestor son of Androdamas, whom the Persians had made tyrant of Samos. [2] When they came before the generals, Hegesistratus spoke long and vehemently: “If the Ionians but see you,” he said, “they will revolt from the Persians, and the barbarians will not remain; but if they do remain, you will have such a prey as never again. “He begged them in the name of the gods of their common worship to deliver Greeks from slavery and drive the barbarian away. [3] That, he said, would be an easy matter for them, “for the Persian ships are unseaworthy and no match for yours; and if you have any suspicion that we may be tempting you deceitfully, we are ready to be taken in your ships as hostages.” 91. As the Samian stranger was pleading so earnestly, Leutychides asked him (whether it was that he desired to know for the sake of a presage, or through some happy chance of a god), “Samian stranger, what is your name?” “Hegesistratus,” he replied.
    [Show full text]
  • Descendants of Maunsell John Bacon
    Descendants of Maunsell John Bacon Descendants of Maunsell John Bacon Maunsell John Bacon {277}, son of John Bacon {78} and Mary Baruh Lousada {69}, was born on 26 Oct 1839 in Woodland St Mary, Berkshire, England, 1 died on 29 Apr 1924 in West Ward, Westmorland, England2 aged 84, and was buried on 2 May 1924 in All Saints, Swallowfield, Berkshire, England. 3 General Notes: 1881 Census: Institution: "Felstead Grammar School" Census Place: Felstead, Essex, England Source: FHL Film 1341437 PRO Ref RG11 Piece 1812 Folio 129 Page 1 Marr Age Sex Birthplace Institution of Delaval Shafto INGRAM Charles Henry ROGERS U 28 M Newmarket, Cambridge, England Rel: Officer Occ: Clerk In Holy Orders Assistant Master Francis Hardwicke MANLEY U 29 M Jubbulpore, East Indies Rel: Officer Occ: Clerk In Holy Orders Assistant Master William Franklen EVANS U 27 M Wick, Glamorgan, Wales Rel: Officer Occ: B A Assistant Master Oakley Elford HIGGENS U 24 M Bengal, East Indies Rel: Officer Occ: M A Assistant Master John Henry FREESE U 29 M Wimbledon, Surrey, England Rel: Officer Occ: M A Assistant Master Charles Hugh PEARSON U 32 M Midhurst, Sussex, England Rel: Officer Occ: M A Assistant Master Edward NOAKS U 24 M Ascension Island Off Of, At Sea Rel: Officer Occ: B A Assistant Master Richard Middeton HILL U 23 M Beaumaris, Anglesey, Wales Rel: Officer Occ: B A Assistant Master Gerald Henry WILLIAMS U 28 M Skelton, Cumberland, England Rel: Officer Occ: M A Assistant Master William Sidney BURTON U 24 M Appleford, Berkshire, England Rel: Officer Occ: Assistant Master
    [Show full text]
  • Chronos Uses the Creative Commons License CC BY-NC-SA That Lets You Remix, Transform, and Build Upon the Material for Non-Commercial Purposes
    Chronos- Revue d’Histoire de l’Université de Balamand, is a bi-annual Journal published in three languages (Arabic, English and French). It deals particularly with the History of the ethnic and religious groups of the Arab world. Journal Name: Chronos ISSN: 1608-7526 Title: Archaeology of Medieval Lebanon: an Overview Author(s): Tasha Voderstrasse To cite this document: Voderstrasse, T. (2019). Archaeology of Medieval Lebanon: an Overview. Chronos, 20, 103-128. https://doi.org/10.31377/chr.v20i0.476 Permanent link to this document: DOI: https://doi.org/10.31377/chr.v20i0.476 Chronos uses the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-SA that lets you remix, transform, and build upon the material for non-commercial purposes. However, any derivative work must be licensed under the same license as the original. CHl{ONOS Revue d'Histoirc de l'Univcrsite de Balamand Numero 20, 2009, ISSN 1608 7526 ARCHAEOLOGY OF MEDIEVAL LEBANON: AN OVERVIEW T ASHA VORDERSTRASSE 1 Introduction This article will present an overview of the archaeological work done on medieval Lebanon from the 19th century to the present. The period under examination is the late medieval period, from the 11th to the 14th centuries, encompassing the time when the region was under the control of various Islamic dynasties and the Crusaders. The archaeology of Le banon has been somewhat neglected over the years, despite its importance for our understanding of the region in the medieval period, mainly because of the civil war (1975-1990), which made excavations and surveys in the country impossible and led to the widespread looting of sites (Hakiman 1987; Seeden 1987; Seeden 1989; Fisk 1991 ; Hakiman 1991; Ward 1995; Hackmann 1998; Sader 2001.
    [Show full text]