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Internacia Kongresa Universitato INTERNACIA KONGRESA UNIVERSITATO 71-a sesio Lisbono, Portugalio 28 Julio - 4 Aŭgusto 2018 Universala Esperanto-Asocio Red. Amri Wandel. IKU 8102 INTERNACIA KONGRESA UNIVERSITATO 71-a sesio Lisbono, Portugalio 28 Julio - 4 Aŭgusto 2018 Universala Esperanto-Asocio Red. Amri wandel IKU 2018 Internacia Kongresa Universitato 71-a Sesio Lisbono 2018 Redaktoro: Amri Wandel Grafiko kaj eldonado: A. Wandel Presita en Daf-Or, Haifa, Israelo ISBN 978-92-9017- - Prezo dum la UK: 15 euroj. Prezo poste: 18 euroj; sesona rabato ekde 3 ekz. Kun aŭspicio de Universala Esperanto-Asocio Akademio Internacia de la Sciencoj 2 Enhavo Antaŭparolo ................................................................................................... 4 La rektoro - Jose MARTINS............................................................................ 6 IKU 1 /AIS - Zhang LONG kaj Francesco MAURELLI La deziro konkeri la ĉielon: de Leonardo ĝis flugrobotoj................................ 8 IKU 2 /AIS - Maria BUTAN Landoj ĉe vojkruciĝo..................................................................................... 27 IKU 3 /AIS - Dimitri ŜEVĈENKO Modernaj serĉsistemoj kaj sociaj retoj: ĉu la vojo al tutmondiĝo? ............. 59 IKU 4 - Vëra BARANDOVSKÁ-FRANK Tutmondiĝo de portugalaj kulturo kaj lingvo: Kien nun, kreoloj?................ 75 IKU 5 - Ulrich BRANDENBURG Perspektivoj por la Eŭropa Unio................................................................. 106 IKU 6 - José MARTINS Eŭropa demografia kaj ekonomika dinamiko: migrantoj necesas!............. 117 IKU 7 - Philippe PLANCHON Kiel la verbo doni rilatas al universala homa ago? ..... ................................ 135 IKU 8 - Wendel Teles PONTES La biologiaj bazoj de mensogo .................................................................... 167 IKU 9 - Loïc ROSSI Sukcesoj kaj perspektivoj en planedoscienco ............................................. 185 Scienca Kafejo ......................................................................................... 204 3 Antaŭparolo Amri Wandel Jam delonge la Internacia Kongresa Universitato estas konsiderata kiel unu el la kulminoj de la programo de la Universala Kongreso, kaj en la lastaj jaroj aldoniĝis la Scienca Kafejo, kiu prezentas pli mallongajn (ĉirkaŭ duonhorajn) popularnivelajn prelegojn. En Lisbono oni povas aŭskulti, en ambaŭ kadroj, tre varian oferton de temoj. Interalie estos prelegoj pri flugrobotoj, interretaj serĉsistemoj, portugala kulturo, Eŭropa Unio, Eŭropa demografio kaj la migrantoj, novaj planedoj, la jidaj bardoj kaj la Viena Muzeo. Antaŭ 93 jaroj okazis la unua sesio de la Internacia Somera Universitao. En 1981, okaze de la unua sud-hemisfera UK, la nomo estis modifita al Internacia Kongresa Universitao. En 2008 mi iniciatis la Internacian Vintran Universitaton (IVU), kiu daŭre okazas dum la jarfinaj internaciaj kunvenoj en Germanio. Antaŭ dudek jaroj mi redaktis por la UK en Montpeliero la unuan plenskalan IKU-libron, kiu de tiam aperas ĉiujare. Tiu unua IKU-libro, samkiel ĉiuj IKU-libroj ekde 2005, aperas ankaŭ rete, en http://uea.org/teko/IKU. En 2015, dum la 100-a UK en Lillo, okazis aldone al la IKU-prelegoj, nova programero, Scienca Kafejo, kiu daŭre okazas, ĉi-jare kun naŭ prelegoj. Iliaj resumoj troviĝas fine de tiu ĉi libro. Dum la 101-a UK en Nitra, la IKU-libro estis unuafoje eldonita kolore, kaj pasintjare, en Seulo, ĝi unuafoje aperis ne kiel broŝuro, sed libroforme. Ankaŭ ĉi-jare la IKU-libro aperas libroforme, kaj kun rekorda nombro de paĝoj. 4 Plue en Nitra, unuafoje okazis nova programero, la Scienca Forumo, kiu kunigis plurajn instancojn kaj asociojn okupiĝantajn pri scienca agado per Esperanto: UEA (IKU), AIS, ISAE KAEST kaj STEB. Kadre de la Scienca Forumo, fine de la UK, okazos ankaŭ ĉi-foje publika disdonado de la AIS-atestoj al la ekzamenitoj en la IKU-AIS-kursoj, disdonado de la atestoj por la gajnintoj en la renovigita Premio Pirlot, por la plej bonaj sciencaj verkoj, tradicio kiun AIS renovigis en 2016. Plu en la Scienca Forumo estos prezentitaj dum ankaŭ la 35-a Sanmarineca Universitata Sesio (SUS) de AIS, okazonta en aŭgusto dum la Itala Kongreso en Sanmarino (vidu SUS35 en http://www.ais-sanmarino.org/) kaj KAEST, la Konferenco pri Aplikoj de Esperanto en Scienco kaj Tekniko okazonta en oktobro (http://kaest2018.ikso.net/). Mi ŝatus danki al la kunlaborantoj, kiuj ebligis la aperon de tiu ĉi libro. Unuavice al la IKU-komisiono, la juĝteamo, kiu jam pli ol dek jarojn profesie prijuĝas la IKU-proponojn el kiuj nur naŭ estas fine elektitaj (ĉi jare el 25 proponoj). Hiaj membroj estas Sabine Fiedler, Michael Maitzen, José Antonio Vergara, Humphrey Tonkin, Jingen Wen kaj mi. Granda danko iras al Rob Moerbeek kaj Gabi Zeevi kiuj provlegis kaj al Hoan Tran (Hojo) kiu entajpis la korektojn. La IKU-resumojn, kiel ĉiujare, tradukis la teamo: en la anglan (Edmund Grimley- Evans, kontrolis Brian Moon), en la francan (Yannick kaj Janin Dumoulin, kontrolis Claude Nourmont), kaj en la nacian lingvon de la kongreslando, ĉi-jare la portugala (José Martins). Tiuj tradukoj plenumas tre gravan funkcion: ili ebligas al eksteraj instancoj, kiel Unesko kaj NRO-j, impresiĝi de la alta nivelo de IKU, kaj samtempe eksponas IKU al la lokaj, ne Esperanto-parolantaj gastoj kaj gravuloj, kiel urbestro kaj la alta protektanto. Amri Wandel Prezidanto de AIS kaj IKU-sekretario Profesoro pri astrofiziko en la universitato de Jerusalemo 5 La Rektoro Jose Martins estas Asistanta Profesoro en la Departemento pri Sociaj, Politikaj kaj Teritoriaj Sciencoj ĉe la Universitato de Avejro, Portugalio. Li havas gradon pri Media Inĝenieriko (U. Avejro), havas diplomiĝon pri Aplikata kaj Media Fluida Dinamiko (Belgio) kaj doktoriĝo je Aplikitaj Mediaj Sciencoj (U. Avejro). Li partoprenis plurajn naciajn kaj eŭropajn esplorajn projektojn. Li estas membro de la esplora grupo GETIN - Esplora Centro pri Teritorio kaj Novigo - kaj membro de la Esploro-Unueco GOVCOPP - Regado, Konkurado kaj Publika Politiko. Li estis vicprezidanto pri la medio ĉe CCDRC - Komisiono pri Kunordigo kaj Regiona Disvolviĝo de la Centro- Regiono inter 2005 kaj 2007. Li estas aŭtoro kaj kunaŭtoro de 50 artikoloj prezentitaj ĉe naciaj kaj internaciaj konferencoj aŭ publikigitaj en sciencaj revuoj kaj libroj. José Martins memlernis esperanton en 1987, iĝis prezidanto de la Gxenerala Asembleo de Portugala Esperanto-Asocio kaj ekde 2005 estas la prezidanto de la Estraro. Li ankaŭ estras la Loka Kongresa Komitato de 2018. Jose Martins is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Social, Political and Territorial Sciences at the University of Aveiro. He has a degree in Environmental Engineering (U. Aveiro), has a graduate degree in Environmental and Applied Fluid Dynamics (Belgium) and a PhD in Sciences Applied to the Environment (U. Aveiro). He participated in several national and European research projects. He is a member of the research group GETIN – Research Center on Territory and Innovation - and member of the Research Unit GOVCOPP - Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policy. He was Vice- President for the Environment at CCDRC - Coordination and Regional Development Commission of Centro Region - between 2005 and 2007. He is author and co-author of over 50 papers presented at national and international conferences or published in scientific journals and books. José Martins taught himself Esperanto in 1987, became president of the General Assembly of the 6 Portuguese Esperanto Association and since 2005 is the president of the Direction. He also heads the 2018 Local Congress Committee (LKK). Jose Martins est professeur adjoint au Département des Sciences Sociales, Politiques et Territoriales de l'Université d'Aveiro. Il a un diplôme en Génie de l'Environnement (U. Aveiro), un diplôme de troisième cycle en Dynamique des Fluides Appliquée et pour l’Environnement (Belgique) et un doctorat en Sciences Environnementales Appliquées (U. Aveiro). Il a participé à plusieurs projets de recherche scientifique nationaux et européens. Il est membre du groupe de recherche GETIN - Groupe d'Etudes en Territoire et Innovation - et membre effectif de l'Unité de Recherche GOVCOPP - Gouvernance, Compétitivité et Politiques Publiques. Il a été vice-président pour l'environnement à CCDRC - Commission pour la Coordination et le Développement Régionale du Centro - entre 2005 et 2007. Il est auteur et co- auteur de plus de 50 publications présentés lors de conférences nationales et internationales ou publiés dans des revues scientifiques et livres. José Martins s'est lui-même enseigné l'espéranto en 1987 et est devenu président de l'Assemblée Générale de l'Association Portugaise d'Espéranto. Il est depuis 2005 le président de la direction. Il dirige également le Comité Local du Congrès (LKK) de 2018. José Martins é Professor Auxiliar no Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Políticas e do Território da Universidade de Aveiro. É licenciado em Engenharia do Ambiente (U. Aveiro), tem uma pós-graduação em Dinâmica dos Fluidos Aplicada e do Ambiente (Bélgica) e um doutoramento em Ciências Aplicadas ao Ambiente (U. Aveiro). Participou em vários projectos científicos europeus e nacionais. É membro do grupo de investigação GETIN – Grupo de Estudos em Território e Inovação – e membro efectivo da Unidade de Investigação GOVCOPP – Governança, Competitividade e Políticas Públicas. Foi Vice- presidente para o Ambiente da CCDRC – Comissão de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento Regional do Centro – entre 2005 e 2007. É autor e co-autor de mais de 50 artigos apresentados em conferências nacionais e internacionais
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