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IALL2017): Law, Language and Justice Proceedings of The Fifteenth International Conference on Law and Language of the International Academy of Linguistic Law (IALL2017): Law, Language and Justice May, 16-18, 2017 Hangzhou, China and Montréal, Québec, Canada Chief Editors: Ye Ning, Joseph-G. Turi, and Cheng Le Editors: Lisa Hale, and Jin Zhang Cover Designer: Lu Xi Published by The American Scholars Press, Inc. The Proceedings of The Fifteenth International Conference on Law, Language of the International Academy of Linguistic Law (IALL2017): Law, Language, and Justice is published by the American Scholars Press, Inc., Marietta, Georgia, USA. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. Copyright © 2017 by the American Scholars Press All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-0-9721479-7-2 Printed in the United States of America 2 Foreword In this sunny and green early summer, you, experts and delegates from different parts of the world, come together beside the Qiantang River in Hangzhou, to participate in The Fifteenth International Conference on Law and Language of the International Academy of Linguistic Law. On the occasion of the opening ceremony, it gives me such great pleasure on behalf of Zhejiang Police College, and also on my own part, to extend a warm welcome to all the distinguished experts and delegates. At the same time, thanks for giving so much trust and support to Zhejiang Police College. Currently, the law-based governance of the country is comprehensively promoted in China. As Xi Jinping, Chinese president, said, “during the entire reform process, we should attach great importance to applying the idea of rule of law and the way of rule of law to play the leading and driving role of rule of law”. Both law issues and jurisprudence issues are closely related to legal language; that is the basis of the construction of rule of law. In view of the continuous deepening of the process of rule of law and a good development momentum of studies on legal language in China, the International Academy of Linguistic law hopes that the annual meeting can be held again in mainland China and organized by Zhejiang Police College. By holding this international conference, we can learn from the advanced theory and practice abroad and conduct in-depth exchange with the experts here. This is not only an opportunity for learning and communication, but also a get-together among friends. Just the other day, the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation was held in Beijing. Today, we have experts from Italy, Portugal, Algeria, Morocco, South Africa, Georgia and countries along the Belt and Road such as Cambodia. I believe the holding of this conference will certainly exert positive and far-reaching influence on enhancing the research abilities of studies on legal language in China and promoting the process of rule of law of China. With a history of 67 years, Zhejiang Police College is the higher learning institute of full time academic education of policing and professional training of police officers. In recent years, having made abundant exploration in cultivating talents for policing with the support of higher authorities, we have made great contribution to promoting police education internationalization and international policing cooperation. Last month, the education and training base of The International Crime Police Organization National Central Bureau (NCB) for China was established in our college, which marks the close relationship established between our college and The International Crime Police Organization and also provides a significant platform and support for comprehensively participating in global security governance. At the same time, we have benefited greatly from running the school openly, which has broadened our schooling ideas and enhanced the schooling level. What’s more, the international exchange and cooperation is unique to Zhejiang Police College with its clear thinking of school running and high-level training program. During the conference, your valuable suggestions on the development of our college would be appreciated. Zhejiang Province is very prosperous in China. Hangzhou, as the capital of Zhejiang Province, gets its laurel of “Heaven on Earth” with a history of more than 2200 years. I hope, during the conference, all of you will enjoy the glamour and beauty, together with its profound historical culture, of such a wonderful modern city. Finally, I wish you each and every success for the conference and wish you good health and a pleasant stay in Hangzhou! Thank you! Prof. Ding Hong President, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, China 3 Preface Dear friends and colleagues, let me say at first that I am deeply sorry that I cannot be present physically at the 15th International Conference of the International Academy of Linguistic Law, which is held currently in Hangzhou, China. Some health reasons prevent me from being here with you. The same thing unfortunately happened to me at the time of our 11th International Conference which was held in Lisbon, Portugal, in July 2008. In any case, be assured that I will be present with you morally and spiritually. I am convinced that thanks to the Chinese organizing and scientific committees and thanks to the Canadian scientific committee, Hangzhou 2017 will be a remarkable and successful international scientific conference. As in 2008, the Head Office of our Academy will be represented by our friend and colleague André Braen, Professor at the Faculty of Law of the University of Ottawa. Hangzhou 2017 coincides with the 33th anniversary of the International Academy of Linguistic Law. Actually, the International Academy of Linguistic Law, the IALL-AIDL, was established as a scientific international multidisciplinary organization, in Montreal and Paris, in September 1984, by 100 founding members. The Academy brings together jurists, linguists, social scientists and all those worldwide who are interested, scientifically or professionally, in phenomena and problems pertaining to world linguistic diversity, to linguistic rights (or language rights) and to comparative linguistic law. Two relatively recent historical phenomena, such as the democratization of education and the globalization of communications have made us think that the intensification of the linguistic contacts and linguistic conflicts around the world was to be a great scientific challenge for us, and that was indeed the case as the recent history of our world has proven. It was the first time that jurists, linguists and other specialists in the field of law and language were put really together. It was a “première” and we were aware and proud of that. We thought that it was normal that the Head Office of the Academy was established in Montreal, which was at that time, and still is, an alive laboratory in the field of linguistic diversity and linguistic rights. I was, at that time, the Director of the Secretariat and of the Legal Services at the Commission de protection de la langue française du Québec. I accepted quite naturally to be the Secretary-General of the Academy. I said to myself: Onus est honor! Since our foundation, 33 years ago, the Academy has organized 14 international scientific conferences in the field of linguistic diversity and linguistic rights, in cooperation with other international scientific organizations of high learning and with many national universities. And we have published, with the concerned universities, about twenty scientific publications in the field of law and language. The published studies and research are publications of great scientific quality. We are very proud of our scientific publications. Let me now present you a brief history of the 33 years of our Academy. 1. The First International Conference (“Law and Language” was held in Montreal, Canada, in April 1988, in cooperation with the Quebec University in Montreal. The Proceedings were published in 1989. 2. The Second International Conference (“Law and Language in Multilingual Settings”) was held in Hong Kong, in February 1990, in cooperation with the City Polytechnic University. A selection of papers presented at the Conference was published in 1994. 4 3. The Third International Conference (“Law, Language and Equality“) was held in Pretoria, South Africa, in April 1992, in cooperation with the Human Science Research Council and the University of Pretoria. The Proceedings were published in 1993. 4. The Fourth International Conference (“Law and Language(s) of Teaching“) was held in Fribourg, Switzerland, in September 1994, in cooperation with the University and the Institute of Federalism of Fribourg. The Proceedings were published in 2001. 5. The Fifth International Conference (“Law, Language and Autochthony”) was held in Havana, in April 1996, in cooperation with the Centro de Traducciones y Terminologia Especializada, at the CTTE-Capitolio Nacional Capitol of Havana, Cuba. The Proceedings are available on C.D. at the Cuban Section of the Academy. 6. The Sixth International Conference (“Law, Language and Multilingual Cities”) was held in Vaasa-Vasa, Finland, in September 1998, in cooperation with the Vaasa and Åbo Akademi Universities. The Proceedings were published in 1999. In October 1999, The Academy was among the organizing institutions of the International Conference of Pretoria (South Africa) on “Multilingual Cities and Towns in South Africa – Challenges and Prospects”. The First Version of the Summaries was published at the beginning of the year 2000. 7. The Seventh International Conference (“Law and Language – Language of the People and Language of the State”) was held in San Juan, Puerto Rico, in June 2000, in cooperation with the Ateneo Puertorriqueňo and the national universities of the Island. The proceedings were published in 2002. 8. The Eighth International Conference (“Law and Language: The theory and the practise of linguistic policies”) was held in May 2002 in Iaşi, Romania, in May 2002, in cooperation with the “Mihail Kogalniceanu” University. The proceedings were published in 2003.
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