38 Crioulos De Base Lexical Portuguesa
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O Português Na África Atlântica
O Português na África Atlântica Márcia Santos Duarte de Oliveira Gabriel Antunes de Araujo Organizadores Angola Cabo Verde Guiné-Bissau São Tomé e Príncipe O Português na África Atlântica UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO Reitor Vahan Agopyan Vice-Reitor Antonio Carlos Hernandes FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS Diretora Maria Arminda do Nascimento Arruda Vice-Diretor Paulo Martins COMISSÃO CIENTÍFICA DO LIVRO Charlotte Marie C. Galves (Universidade de Campinas) Eeva Sipolla (Universidade de Bremen) Heliana Ribeiro de Mello (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais) Waldemar Ferreira Netto (Universidade de São Paulo) DOI 10.11606/9788575063545 Márcia Santos Duarte de Oliveira Gabriel Antunes de Araujo Organizadores O Português na África Atlântica 2ª edição São Paulo, 2019 Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) Serviço de Biblioteca e Documentação Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo Elaborada por Maria Imaculada da Conceição – CRB‐8/6409 P839 O português na África Atlântica [recurso eletrônico] / Márcia Santos Duarte de Oliveira, Gabriel Antunes de Araujo (organizadores). ‐‐ 2. ed. ‐‐ São Paulo : FFLCH/USP, 2019. 8.427 Kb ; PDF. ISBN 978‐85‐7506‐354‐5 DOI 10.11606/9788575063545 1. Língua portuguesa – África ocidental (aspectos linguísticos) (aspectos sociais) (aspectos históricos). 2. Intercâmbio cultural – aspectos linguísticos. 3. Aprendizagem de língua estrangeira. I. Oliveira, Márcia Santos Duarte de, coord. II. Araujo, Gabriel Antunes de, coord. CDD 469.79966 Autorizada a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte, proibindo qualquer uso para fins comerciais Serviço de Editoração e Distribuição Coordenação Editorial Maria Helena G. Rodrigues – MTb n. 28.840/SP Projeto Gráfico, Diagramação e Capa Walquir da Silva – MTb n. -
Pidgin and Creole Languages: Essays in Memory of John E. Reinecke
Pidgin and Creole Languages JOHN E. REINECKE 1904–1982 Pidgin and Creole Languages Essays in Memory of John E. Reinecke Edited by Glenn G. Gilbert Open Access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities / Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. Licensed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 In- ternational (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits readers to freely download and share the work in print or electronic format for non-commercial purposes, so long as credit is given to the author. Derivative works and commercial uses require per- mission from the publisher. For details, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. The Cre- ative Commons license described above does not apply to any material that is separately copyrighted. Open Access ISBNs: 9780824882150 (PDF) 9780824882143 (EPUB) This version created: 17 May, 2019 Please visit www.hawaiiopen.org for more Open Access works from University of Hawai‘i Press. © 1987 University of Hawaii Press All Rights Reserved CONTENTS Preface viii Acknowledgments xii Introduction 1 John E. Reinecke: His Life and Work Charlene J. Sato and Aiko T. Reinecke 3 William Greenfield, A Neglected Pioneer Creolist John E. Reinecke 28 Theoretical Perspectives 39 Some Possible African Creoles: A Pilot Study M. Lionel Bender 41 Pidgin Hawaiian Derek Bickerton and William H. Wilson 65 The Substance of Creole Studies: A Reappraisal Lawrence D. Carrington 83 Verb Fronting in Creole: Transmission or Bioprogram? Chris Corne 102 The Need for a Multidimensional Model Robert B. Le Page 125 Decreolization Paths for Guyanese Singular Pronouns John R. -
Environmental Shielding Is Contrast Preservation
Phonology 35 (2018). Supplementary materials Environmental shielding is contrast preservation Juliet Stanton New York University Supplementary materials These supplementary materials contain four appendices and a bibli- ography: Appendix A: List of shielding languages 1 Appendix B: Additional information on shielding languages 4 Appendix C: List of non-shielding languages 37 Appendix D: Summary of vowel neutralisation survey 45 References 49 The materials are supplied in the form provided by the author. Appendices for “Environmental shielding is contrast preservation” Appendix A: list of shielding languages Key for appendices A-C Shaded = shielding occurs in this context Not shaded = shielding not known to occur in this context The language names provided in appendices A-C are those used by SAPhon. Evidence = type of evidence found for a vocalic nasality contrast, in addition to the author’s description. (MP = minimal or near-minimal pairs; NVNE: nasal vowels in non-nasal environments; –: no additional evidence available) Shielding contexts V-V?˜ (Evidence) Language Family Source Appendix B NV VN]σ V]σN Yes MP Ache´ Tup´ı Roessler (2008) #1, p. 4 Yes MP Aguaruna Jivaroan Overall (2007) #2, p. 4 Yes MP Amahuaca Panoan Osborn (1948) #3, p. 5 Yes MP Amarakaeri Harakmbet Tripp (1955) #4, p. 5 Yes MP Amundava Tup´ı Sampaio (1998) #5, p. 6 Yes MP Andoke (Isolate) Landaburu (2000a) #6, p. 6 Yes MP Apiaka´ Tup´ı Padua (2007) #7, p. 7 Yes MP Apinaye´ Macro-Ge Oliveira (2005) #8, p. 7 Yes – Arara´ do Mato Grosso Isolate da Rocha D’Angelis (2010) #9, p. 8 Yes MP Arikapu´ Macro-Ge Arikapu´ et al. -
38 Crioulos De Base Lexical Portuguesa
Hugo C. Cardoso, Tjerk Hagemeijer et Nélia Alexandre 38 Crioulos de base lexical portuguesa Abstract: Os crioulos de base lexical portuguesa foram, na maioria dos casos, línguas orais até ao século XIX, quando começaram a surgir as primeiras recolhas de tradições orais, textos e traduções. Como lhes falta uma tradição escrita robusta e generalizada, a nossa recolha e descrição abrangem, além de antologias, materiais que, não sendo antologias no sentido restrito, resultam de um trabalho de compilação de fontes escritas ou orais. Keywords: Crioulos portugueses, África, Ásia, Antologias, Corpora 1 Panorâmica dos crioulos portugueses Os crioulos de base lexical portuguesa estão ligados à expansão marítima ptg. em África e na Ásia, tendo resultado do contacto entre o ptg. e diferentes línguas africanas e asiáticas. Alguns destes crioulos, nomeadamente na Ásia, extinguiram-se, tendo ficado apenas registos da transição do século XIX para o século XX. À exceção dos crioulos da Alta Guiné, a vitalidade dos crioulos ptg. vivos está, de uma forma geral, a diminuir. Optámos por agrupar estas línguas em áreas geográficas principais e subáreas, a saber África (Alta Guiné, Golfo da Guiné) e Ásia (Ásia meridional, Sudeste asiático, Ásia oriental). Nos mapas seguintes mostra-se a localização atual ou passada dos crioulos mencionados neste capítulo. 1.1 África Os crioulos ptg. em África distribuem-se por dois grupos que surgiram de forma independente, os crioulos da Alta Guiné e os crioulos do Golfo da Guiné, nos séculos XV e XVI. As diferenças tipológicas entre estas duas unidades são significativas (e.g. Ferraz 1987), revelando o impacto de histórias sociais e línguas de substrato distintas. -
Internacia Kongresa Universitato
INTERNACIA KONGRESA UNIVERSITATO 71-a sesio Lisbono, Portugalio 28 Julio - 4 Aŭgusto 2018 Universala Esperanto-Asocio Red. Amri Wandel. IKU 8102 INTERNACIA KONGRESA UNIVERSITATO 71-a sesio Lisbono, Portugalio 28 Julio - 4 Aŭgusto 2018 Universala Esperanto-Asocio Red. Amri wandel IKU 2018 Internacia Kongresa Universitato 71-a Sesio Lisbono 2018 Redaktoro: Amri Wandel Grafiko kaj eldonado: A. Wandel Presita en Daf-Or, Haifa, Israelo ISBN 978-92-9017- - Prezo dum la UK: 15 euroj. Prezo poste: 18 euroj; sesona rabato ekde 3 ekz. Kun aŭspicio de Universala Esperanto-Asocio Akademio Internacia de la Sciencoj 2 Enhavo Antaŭparolo ................................................................................................... 4 La rektoro - Jose MARTINS............................................................................ 6 IKU 1 /AIS - Zhang LONG kaj Francesco MAURELLI La deziro konkeri la ĉielon: de Leonardo ĝis flugrobotoj................................ 8 IKU 2 /AIS - Maria BUTAN Landoj ĉe vojkruciĝo..................................................................................... 27 IKU 3 /AIS - Dimitri ŜEVĈENKO Modernaj serĉsistemoj kaj sociaj retoj: ĉu la vojo al tutmondiĝo? ............. 59 IKU 4 - Vëra BARANDOVSKÁ-FRANK Tutmondiĝo de portugalaj kulturo kaj lingvo: Kien nun, kreoloj?................ 75 IKU 5 - Ulrich BRANDENBURG Perspektivoj por la Eŭropa Unio................................................................. 106 IKU 6 - José MARTINS Eŭropa demografia kaj ekonomika dinamiko: migrantoj necesas!............. 117 -
The Atlantic World and Virginia, 1550-1624
the atlantic world and virginia, 1550–1624 QW Published for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Virginia, by the University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill The atlantic world and virginia, 1550–1624 edited by peter c. mancall QW The Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture is sponsored jointly by the College of William and Mary and the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. On November 15, 1996, the Institute adopted the present name in honor of a bequest from Malvern H. Omohundro, Jr. © 2007 The University of North Carolina Press All rights reserved Designed by Rich Hendel Set in Monticello type by Tseng Information Systems, Inc. Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Atlantic world and Virginia, 1550–1624 / edited by Peter C. Mancall. p. cm. Essays from an international conference entitled The Atlantic world and Virginia, 1550–1624, held in Williamsburg, Va., Mar. 4–7, 2004 Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn-13: 978-0-8078-3159-5 (cloth : alk. paper) isbn-13: 978-0-8078-5848-6 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Virginia—History—Colonial period, ca. 1600–1775—Congresses. 2. America—History—To 1810—Congresses. 3. Great Britain—Colonies— America—History—16th century—Congresses. 4. Great Britain—Colonies— America—History—17th century—Congresses. 5. Europe—Colonies—America— History—Congresses. 6. Acculturation—America—History—Congresses. 7. Virginia—Ethnic relations—History—16th century—Congresses. 8. Virginia— Ethnic relations—History—17th century—Congresses. 9. America—Ethnic relations—History—16th century—Congresses. 10 America—Ethnic relations— History—17th century—Congresses. -
Language Policies in African States – Updated, January 2012*
Language Policies in African States – Updated, January 2012* Ericka A. Albaugh Department of Government and Legal Studies Bowdoin College 9800 College Station Brunswick, ME 04011 Comments on the accuracy of coding are welcomed. Please address them to: [email protected] * Coding is refined and descriptions updated in Appendix A of Ericka A. Albaugh, State-Building and Multilingual Education in Africa (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014). General trends remain the same. 1 TABLE A.1: CODING OF LANGUAGE USE IN EDUCATION Country Indep or 1960 1990 2004 2010 Algeria 0 2 2 2 Angola 0 0 0 4 Benin 0 0 3 3 Botswana 5 7 5 5 Burkina Faso 0 0 6 6 Burundi 7 7 7 7 Cameroon 0 0 4 4 Cape Verde 0 0 0 0 Central African Republic 0 0 0 0 Chad 0 1 4 4 Comoros 0 0 0 0 Congo, Dem. Rep. 4 8 8 8 Congo, Rep. 0 0 0 0 Cote d'Ivoire 0 0 4 4 Djibouti 0 0 0 4 Equatorial Guinea 0 0 0 0 Eritrea 10 N/A 10 10 Ethiopia 9 9 10 8 Gabon 0 0 0 0 Gambia 0 0 0 0 Ghana 0 8 4 4 Guinea 0 0 0 4 Guinea-Bissau 0 3 0 0 Kenya 0 8 6 6 Lesotho 7 7 7 7 Liberia 0 0 0 0 Madagascar 0 7 7 7 Malawi 8 7 6 5 Mali 0 4 6 6 Mauritania 1 4 1 1 Mauritius 0 0 0 0 Mozambique 0 0 4 6 Namibia 8 8 6 6 Niger 0 4 6 6 Nigeria 8 8 8 8 Rwanda 7 7 7 7 Sao Tome e Principe 0 0 0 0 Senegal 0 0 4 4 Seychelles 0 7 7 7 Sierra Leone 4 6 4 4 Somalia 1 7 5 5 South Africa 10 8 6 6 Sudan 1 2 4 4 Swaziland 0 7 5 5 Tanzania 5 9 9 9 Togo 0 0 0 0 Uganda 8 8 6 6 Zambia 0 0 4 4 Zimbabwe 4 6 6 4 2 For the coding in the table above, I distinguish between one or several languages used in education, and the extent the policy has penetrated the education system: “Experimental,” “Expanded,” or “Generalized.” The scale tries to capture the spectrum of movement from “most foreign” medium to “most local.” The numerical assignments describe the following situations: 0 European Language Only 1 European and Foreign African Language (e.g. -
Philip D. Morgan, Marcus Wood, Blind Memory: Visual Representations of Slavery in England and America 1780-1865
Book Reviews -Philip D. Morgan, Marcus Wood, Blind memory: Visual representations of slavery in England and America 1780-1865. New York: Routledge, 2000. xxi + 341 pp. -Rosemarijn Hoefte, Ron Ramdin, Arising from bondage: A history of the Indo-Caribbean people. New York: New York University Press, 2000. x + 387 pp. -Flávio dos Santos Gomes, David Eltis, The rise of African slavery in the Americas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. xvii + 353 pp. -Peter Redfield, D. Graham Burnett, Masters of all they surveyed: Exploration, geography, and a British El Dorado. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. xv + 298 pp. -Bernard Moitt, Eugenia O'Neal, From the field to the legislature: A history of women in the Virgin Islands. Westport CT: Greenwood Press, 2001. xiii + 150 pp. -Allen M. Howard, Nemata Amelia Blyden, West Indians in West Africa, 1808-1880: The African Diaspora in reverse. Rochester NY: University of Rochester Press, 2000. xi + 258 pp. -Michaeline A. Crichlow, Kari Levitt, The George Beckford papers. Kingston: Canoe Press, 2000. lxxi + 468 pp. -Michaeline A. Crichlow, Audley G. Reid, Community formation; A study of the village' in postemancipation Jamaica. Kingston: Canoe Press, 2000. xvi + 156 pp. -Linden Lewis, Brian Meeks, Narratives of resistance: Jamaica, Trinidad, the Caribbean. Kingston: University of the West Indies Press, 2000. xviii + 240 pp. -Roderick A. McDonald, Bridget Brereton, Law, justice, and empire: The colonial career of John Gorrie, 1829-1892. Kingston: University of the West Indies Press, 1997. xx + 371 pp. -Karl Watson, Gary Lewis, White rebel: The life and times of TT Lewis. Kingston: University of the West Indies Press, 1999. -
Becoming Monolingual: the Impact of Language Ideologies on the Loss of Multilingualism on São Tomé Island
Article Becoming Monolingual: The Impact of Language Ideologies on the Loss of Multilingualism on São Tomé Island Marie-Eve Bouchard Department of Romance Studies and Classics, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden; marie- [email protected] Received: 13 May 2019; Accepted: 28 June 2019; Published: 30 June 2019 Abstract: This article discusses the loss of the creole languages on São Tomé Island and the societal move from multilingualism to monolingualism in Portuguese. It argues that recognizing the ideologies attached to these languages is key in understanding the language shift, but also the processes leading toward monolingualism. This qualitative study is based on three main theories: Language as social practice, language ideology, and monoglot standardization. Data comes from ethnographic fieldwork and sociolinguistic interviews with 56 speakers from the capital of São Tomé and Príncipe. I argue that the existence of multilingualism on São Tomé Island is not valued at a societal level because of the pejorative ideologies that have been held about the creole languages since colonial times. Also, the use of the creole languages stood as a problem for the creation of a unified Santomean nation, as the different racial groups on the islands had their own creole. Results show how ideologies about the Portuguese language and its association with national unity, modernity, and European-ness favored its expansion on São Tomé Island and a move toward monolingualism. Keywords: language ideology; monolingualism; Portuguese language; language shift; São Tomé and Príncipe 1. Introduction This article focuses on the growing loss of societal multilingualism on São Tomé Island as a consequence of ideologies held regarding the use of Portuguese and creole languages. -
Genome-Wide Insights Into Marronage, Admixture and Ethnogenesis in the Gulf of Guinea
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article The Genes of Freedom: Genome-Wide Insights into Marronage, Admixture and Ethnogenesis in the Gulf of Guinea João Almeida 1,2 , Anne-Maria Fehn 1,3, Margarida Ferreira 1,4, Teresa Machado 1, Tjerk Hagemeijer 5,6 , Jorge Rocha 1,7,*,† and Magdalena Gayà-Vidal 1,† 1 CIBIO-Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; [email protected] (J.A.); [email protected] (A.-M.F.); [email protected] (M.F.); [email protected] (T.M.); [email protected] (M.G.-V.) 2 CIIMAR/CIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal 3 Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany 4 Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal 5 Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-214 Lisboa, Portugal; [email protected] 6 Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-214 Lisboa, Portugal 7 Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal * Correspondence: [email protected] † Authors contributed equally. Abstract: The forced migration of millions of Africans during the Atlantic Slave Trade led to the Citation: Almeida, J.; Fehn, A.-M.; emergence of new genetic and linguistic identities, thereby providing a unique opportunity to Ferreira, M.; Machado, T.; Hagemeijer, study the mechanisms giving rise to human biological and cultural variation. -
Estudo Comparativo Da Morfossintaxe Do Crioulo Guineense, Do Balanta E Do Português
INCANHA INTUMBO Estudo comparativo da morfossintaxe do crioulo guineense, do balanta e do português Faculdade de Letras Universidade de Coimbra 2007 INCANHA INTUMBO Estudo comparativo da morfossintaxe do crioulo guineense, do balanta e do português Dissertação de Mestrado na área científica de Linguística Descritiva, área de especialização em Línguas em Contacto: Pidgins, Crioulos e Semi- Crioulos apresentada à Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra, sob a orientação do Professor Doutor John A. Holm e co-orientação da Doutora Ana Alexandra Ribeiro Luís. Faculdade de Letras Universidade de Coimbra 2007 À Maria, ao Onésio, à Mariett, à Osvalda, ao Fábio e à Vânia por terem estado presentes como informantes, críticos, cobaias e analistas, passando por vezes privações para que pudesse dedicar-me à organização e edição desta tese Aos guineenses, os verdadeiros mestres destas línguas. ÍNDICE CAPÍTULO 1: INTRODUÇÃO 1 1.1 As línguas em Análise 1 1.2 Guiné-Bissau: geografia, povos e línguas 2 1.3 Crioulo guineense 7 1.3.1 Teorias sobre a sua origem 7 1.3.2 Desenvolvimento do crioulo guineense no século XX 10 1.4 Balanta 11 1.5 Português popular da Guiné Bissau 12 1.6 Objecto e objectivos do estudo 12 1.7 Estrutura da tese 13 1.8 Ortografia adoptada 13 1.8.1 As principais propostas de ortografia 14 1.8.2 Algumas regras ortográficas específicas 18 1.8.3 Acento gráfico 18 1.8.4 Consoantes duplas 18 1.8.5 Pronome pessoal complemento directo 18 1.8.6 Morfemas {ta}, {na}, {ka} 19 1.8.7 O fonema /ŋ/ 19 1.8.8 Morfema {ba} 19 CAPÍTULO 2: REVISÃO -
Aruba Abstracts 2014
ABSTRACTS SCL/SPCL/ACBLPE CONFERENCE 2014 Abstracts of Papers to be presented at the 20 th Biennial Conference of the Society for Caribbean Linguistics, being held in conjunction with the Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics (SPCL) and the Associação de Crioulos de Base Lexical Portuguesa e Espanhola (ACBLPE) at th e Holiday Inn Resort, Aruba from 5 to 8 August 2014. ---◊◊-◊◊◊◊◊◊---- ALLEYNE, Mervyn C. (Keynote(Keynote)))) The University of the West Indies, MonaMona////Universidad de Puerto Rico, Río Piedras (Retired) A Reformist Approach to the "Creole" Concept The wider perspective of this essay is The Naming of the “New World” (sic), the appropriation by the new rulers and classifiers of the prerogative of “naming” and thereby of setting the semantic structures and the significant symbols in their interests and favour. Examples such as mulatto and the use of colour terms abound to refer to the different ethnic groups, highly positive in the case of “whit e” and extremely negative in all the other cases: black, red, yellow. The naming of the new languages is also a very instructive example. This essay interrogates the meanings and values of the names given to the languages which emerged in the New World (si c) which are all misleading and offensive and should be rejected in the same way that other terms such as “Coolie”, nigger”, “black”, “mulatto”, personal names and street names, etc. have been rejected in the cleaning -up sweep of post- colonial reform. Thi s essay concentrates on “creole”, as in “Trinidadians speak a creole”; it also deals with two other more offensive terms/concepts: “patois” and “pidgin”.