DOCSLIB.ORG

The Case of Malacca Portuguese Creole Soh

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Case of Malacca Portuguese Creole Soh MANAGING HERITAGE LANGUAGE RELEVANCE AND LANGUAGE REVITALISATION: THE CASE OF MALACCA PORTUGUESE CREOLE SOH WEN YI FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR 2015 MANAGING HERITAGE LANGUAGE RELEVANCE AND LANGUAGE REVITALISATION: THE CASE OF MALACCA PORTUGUESE CREOLE SOH WEN YI THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR 2015 UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA ORIGINAL LITERARY WORK DECLARATION Name of Candidate: (I.C/Passport No: ) Registration/Matric No: Name of Degree: Title of Project Paper/Research Report/Dissertation/Thesis (“this Work”): Field of Study: I do solemnly and sincerely declare that: (1) I am the sole author/writer of this Work; (2) This Work is original; (3) Any use of any work in which copyright exists was done by way of fair dealing and for permitted purposes and any excerpt or extract from, or reference to or reproduction of any copyright work has been disclosed expressly and sufficiently and the title of the Work and its authorship have been acknowledged in this Work; (4) I do not have any actual knowledge nor do I ought reasonably to know that the making of this work constitutes an infringement of any copyright work; (5) I hereby assign all and every rights in the copyright to this Work to the University of Malaya (“UM”), who henceforth shall be owner of the copyright in this Work and that any reproduction or use in any form or by any means whatsoever is prohibited without the written consent of UM having been first had and obtained; (6) I am fully aware that if in the course of making this Work I have infringed any copyright whether intentionally or otherwise, I may be subject to legal action or any other action as may be determined by UM. Candidate’s Signature Date: Subscribed and solemnly declared before, Witness’s Signature Date: Name: Designation: ABSTRACT This thesis is set against the backdrop of the wider multilingual and postcolonial context and local language revitalisation efforts. The language in study, Malacca Portuguese Creole (MPC), is a Portuguese-based contact language undergoing language shift, spoken as heritage language by a concentrated population of approximately 800 people (Baxter, 2013) in the main research site, Portuguese Settlement (PS), Malacca, West Malaysia. The development of MPC and people identifying with MPC as their heritage language can be traced to the arrival of Portuguese in Malacca in 1511. The bottom-up research design of this thesis is drawn from Constructivist Grounded Theory (Charmaz, 2006, 2014). To understand and explain gaps between views and actions (initially driven by a perceived gap between language revitalisation efforts and reactions towards efforts) and as guided by questions and leads from emerging concepts and categories, the purpose and focus of research were redirected from a general investigation into MPC language revitalisation to capturing the experience, expressivity and dynamics of PS MPC-speaking group members, as illuminated by the language revitalisation process. The initial data collection employed interviewing as the main research instrument. Research participants were MPC speakers involved in revitalisation efforts and those who would be recipients of efforts. The research process was iterative as researcher moved between research procedures including data collection, coding, constant comparative method, memo-writing and theoretical sampling; analysis and conceptualisation were simultaneous. Theoretical sampling, the second phase of data collection according to theoretical relevance, proceeded by contacting research participants, analysing survey, examination of writings in and about MPC and its speakers and using literature as data. This thesis proposes a substantive model which brings the dynamics and voices of a contact-language-speaking group to the forefront. The core iii category of the model, managing relevance of heritage language, can be related to the basic social process of coping mechanisms in response to social development, in the quest of a basic social process or central phenomenon as pursued in a Grounded Theory study. It refers to the process of keeping one’s heritage language relevant as an aspect of one’s social life while maintaining other parts of social life and self-identifications. MPC- speaking group members who have initiated language revitalisation efforts have been motivated to take things into their own hands, showing their coping mechanisms more explicitly, in comparison with non-language-revitalisation-actors whose coping strategies are less explicit. The process of managing heritage language relevance helps construct a particular sense of self: a self identifying with a MPC-speaking heritage; this forms the socio-psychological and emotional dimension of the process. To understand this self- managing dimension and because self-constructing is not an isolated process, a socio- historical or socio-cultural dimension enters the picture. This new way of looking at the dynamics of a contact-language-speaking group in managing heritage language relevance can be applied to promote, plan and integrate the relevance of heritage language in future language revitalisation efforts. The present study is the first in employing Grounded Theory to conduct a formal research on MPC and the first to explore the MPC language revitalisation process cycle. iv ABSTRAK Tesis ini meliputi konteks umum, iaitu konteks berbilang bahasa dan lepas penjajahan dan konteks tempatan, usaha mempergiatkan bahasa. Bahasa yang dikaji, Bahasa Kriol Portugis Melaka (MPC), ialah satu bahasa kontak berdasarkan Bahasa Portugis yang merupakan bahasa warisan bagi suatu populasi sebanyak 800 orang (Baxter, 2013) dan sedang mengalami pengalihan bahasa di tempat kajian, Perkampungang Portugis (PS), Melaka, Semenanjung Malaysia. Perkembangan MPC dan mereka yang mengidentifikasikan diri dengan MPC sebagai bahasa warisan boleh dikesan bekas langkahnya ke tahun 1511 apabila orang Portugis menjejaki Melaka. Perancangan penyelidikan tesis ini merujuk kepada Constructivist Grounded Theory (Charmaz, 2006, 2014). Untuk memahami kekurangan respons terhadap usaha mempergiatkan MPC yang merupakan motivasi penyelidikan ini sementara mengikuti konsep dan kategori yang timbul daripada penyelidikan, objektif dan focus tesis ini berkembang daripada suatu penyelidikan umum usaha mempergiatkan lagi MPC kepada penyelidikan yang mengenai pengalaman anggota masyarakat yang menutur MPC dalam pengurusan bahasa warisan mereka yang terancam. Pengumpulan data bermula dengan temuduga sebagai instrumen utama penyelidikan. Peserta penyelidikan terdiri daripada mereka yang terlibat dalam usaha mempergiatkan bahasa dan mereka yang merupakan penerima usaha tersebut. Proses penyelidikan adalah bersifat lelaran sementara penyelidik megulang-ulangkan proses-proses seperti pengumpulan data, pengekodan, perbandingan kod, penulisan memo dan pengumpulan data bersifat teoretikal; penganalisasian data dan pengkonsepan dijalankan serentak. Pengumpulan data bersifat teoretikal yang merupakan tahap kedua pengumpulan data mengikut kaitan teoretikal dijalankan dengan menghubungi peserta penyelidikan, menganalisasi tinjauan, menganalisasi kerja yang ditulis dalam MPC dan yang mengenai MPC, dan merujuk kepada sorotan kajian sebagai data. Tesis ini mengemukakan suatu model substantif bagi v memahami pengalaman, daya pengungkapan dan dinamiks masyarakat berbahasa kontak di PS. Kategori utama, pengurusan bahasa warisan terancam, yang timbul daripada proses penyelidikan boleh dikaitkan dengan strategi pengurusan proses umum terhadap perubahan masyarakat. Ia merujuk kepada proses menguruskan bahasa warisan yang merupakan suatu aspek kehidupan masyarakat sementara bersambung dengan aspek- aspek kehidupan yang lain. Terdapat anggota masyarakat berbahasa MPC yang digalakkan dengan motivasi untuk menentukan nasib sendiri dengan memulakan atau terlibat dalam usaha mempergiatkan MPC dan menunjukkan strategi pengurusan kaitan bahasa warisan terancam yang lebih jelas. Proses pengurusan kaitan bahasa warisan terancam menyumbang kepada pembinaan diri yang mengidentifikasi dengan warisan berbahasa MPC; ini merupakan suatu dimensi psikologi dan emosi. Bagi memahami dimensi psikologi dan emosi dan oleh sebab pembinaan diri bukan suatu proses independen, suatu lagi dimensi sejarah dan budaya diterokai. Perspektif tesis ini yang menerokai dinamiks masyarakat yang berbahasa kontak sebagai bahasa warisan dan bagaimana mereka mengurus kaitan bahasa tersebut boleh menyumbang kepada perancangan dan pembelajaran bahasa bagi usaha mempergiatkan bahasa yang akan datang. Tesis ini juga merupakan kajian pertama yang merujuk kepada Grounded Theory sebagai reka bentuk penyelidikan MPC dan kajian formal pertama ke atas usaha mempergiatkan bahasa warisan terancam, MPC. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to the family and Portuguese Settlement community who have assisted me and made this thesis possible. To Mama Anne (De Mello), Uncle Gerard (De Costa), the late Carrieanne De Costa, and Roseanne De Costa, words cannot describe how much I appreciate your kindness, generousity and hospitalibity in making me feel like home and helping me in every possible way. More names could not be given credit here to protect their identity as research participants of this study. To all participants of this study, thank you very much for your time and patience in sharing a part of your
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Teaching Pronunciation Communicatively to Cape Verdean English Language Learners: Sao Vicente Variety Jacira Monteiro
    Bridgewater State University Virtual Commons - Bridgewater State University Master’s Theses and Projects College of Graduate Studies 5-13-2015 Teaching Pronunciation Communicatively to Cape Verdean English Language Learners: Sao Vicente Variety Jacira Monteiro Follow this and additional works at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/theses Part of the Education Commons Recommended Citation Monteiro, Jacira. (2015). Teaching Pronunciation Communicatively to Cape Verdean English Language Learners: Sao Vicente Variety. In BSU Master’s Theses and Projects. Item 19. Available at http://vc.bridgew.edu/theses/19 Copyright © 2015 Jacira Monteiro This item is available as part of Virtual Commons, the open-access institutional repository of Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts. Teaching pronunciation communicatively to Cape Verdean English language learners / Sao Vicente variety by Jacira Monteiro MA, Bridgewater State University, 2015 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Teaching [TESOL] Bridgewater State University May 13, 2015 Teaching pronunciation communicatively to Cape Verdean ELLs/Sao Vicente variety Thesis Presented by: Jacira Monteiro Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Teaching English for Students of Other Languages Spring 2015 Content and Style Approved By: ___________________________________________ _______________ Dr. Anne Doyle, Chair of Thesis Committee Date ___________________________________________ _______________ Dr. Julia Stakhnevich, Committee Member Date __________________________________________ _______________ Dr. Joyce Rain Anderson, Committee Member Date Acknowledgement I would like to express a special thanks to my mother and father. To Mr. Rendall for sharing his experience on this matter. To my advisor professor Doyle for her guidance, months of generously sharing her time and support.
    [Show full text]
  • The Experience of Emergent Bilingual Cape Verdean Middle School Students
    University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Open Access Dissertations 2019 Navigating Internal and External Borderlands: The Experience of Emergent Bilingual Cape Verdean Middle School Students Abigale E. Jansen University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/oa_diss Recommended Citation Jansen, Abigale E., "Navigating Internal and External Borderlands: The Experience of Emergent Bilingual Cape Verdean Middle School Students" (2019). Open Access Dissertations. Paper 852. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/oa_diss/852 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NAVIGATING INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL BORDERLANDS: THE EXPERIENCE OF EMERGENT BILINGUAL CAPE VERDEAN MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS BY ABIGALE E. JANSEN A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND AND RHODE ISLAND COLLEGE 2019 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DISSERTATION OF ABIGALE E. JANSEN APPROVED: Dissertation Committee Major Professor: Gerri August Sarah Hesson Minsuk Shim Kathy Pino RIC: Julie Horwitz, Interim Co-Dean, Feinstein School of Education – RIC Gerri August, Interim Co-Dean, Feinstein School of Education – RIC URI: Nasser H. Zawia, Dean, The Graduate School - URI UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND AND RHODE ISLAND COLLEGE 2019 ABSTRACT The purpose of this grounded theory research study was to better understand the experiences of emergent bilingual Cape Verdean Middle School students as they navigate internal and external borderlands. This study was conducted in an urban middle school in New England.
    [Show full text]
  • The Languages of Nusa Tenggara: Pan Reconstruction and Subgrouping
    The Languages of Nusa Tenggara: PAn Reconstruction and Subgrouping Peter Norquest University of Arizona [email protected] 6/2/12 0.0 Introduction • The majority consensus on the demographic history of the speakers of the Austronesian family of languages is that they originated on Taiwan (after having migrated from southern China), and proceeded through insular Southeast Asia. • This migration model crucially predicts that linguistic innovations at any point along the migration path must carry over into subsequent areas of dispersal. with phonological mergers (and lexical replacements) being unrecoverable once they have occurred. • The distinctions between *C and *t, *S and *h, and *N and *n have only been recognized in the Formosan languages of Taiwan, having merged in all extra-Formosan Austronesian languages. 0.1 The Problem • A group of phonological distinctions have been preserved in the Nusa Tenggara (NT) region (which coincides with the Central Malayo-Polynesian node of the above tree), the majority of which have not been preserved in the Formosan languages. • Several of these distinctions appear to have also been preserved in other parts of the Malayo-Polynesian area. Here, we will be concerned with the Macro-Sumba subgroup. which includes the languages of Sumba. Savu, Dhao. and Bimanese (spoken in eastern Sumbawa): [Proto-Sumba [Bimanese [Savu-Dhao 111 0.2 The Present State of Austronesian reconstruction The consensus inventory of PAn consonants is the following: (I) p t C c k q ? b d j z g s S h m n )1 1] N w r R y *C, *j, *z, *s, *S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Maintenance of Malaysia's Minority Languages Haja
    THE MAINTENANCE OF MALAYSIA’S MINORITY LANGUAGES HAJA MOHIDEEN BIN MOHAMED ALI Department of English Language & Literature International Islamic University Malaysia [email protected] Abstract Malaysia, especially the states of Sabah and Sarawak are home to numerous indigenous languages. According to the Ethnologue Report for Malaysia (2009), Sabah is said to have 52 and Sarawak 46 languages. But among these many languages, many are spoken by a small population. These are in danger of facing extinction due to migration, attitudinal, social, educational and economic factors, mainly. This situation is similar to the many languages which are dying today worldwide. Since the Malay language (Bahasa Malaysia) is a potent force in bringing together the various Bumiputra and Muslim groups, the fate of native languages of these disparate groups is uncertain or worse doomed to die. However, measures by speakers of indigenous languages who comprise a sizeable number, for example, in the case of Sabah, Kadazan, Bajau, Bisaya and Murut languages may still be saved if they are maintained through concerted efforts by the affected communities and if government agencies help to play their part. This paper will discuss the various practical steps that may be undertaken by concerned individuals, the elders and leaders of the target minority communities themselves, language scholars and the state and federal governments to help maintain the minority indigenous languages, with particular emphasis on those from Sabah and Sarawak. Key words- minority language, identity, linguistic diversity, survival, loss Introduction Multilingualism and multiculturalism are indeed assets for a country and its people. The two contribute to the versatility and heterogeneity of a country‟s human landscape.
    [Show full text]
  • A Dictionary of Kristang (Malacca Creole Portuguese) with an English-Kristang Finderlist
    A dictionary of Kristang (Malacca Creole Portuguese) with an English-Kristang finderlist PacificLinguistics REFERENCE COpy Not to be removed Baxter, A.N. and De Silva, P. A dictionary of Kristang (Malacca Creole Portuguese) English. PL-564, xxii + 151 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 2005. DOI:10.15144/PL-564.cover ©2005 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. Pacific Linguistics 564 Pacific Linguistics is a publisher specialising in grammars and linguistic descriptions, dictionaries and other materials on languages of the Pacific, Taiwan, the Philippines, Indonesia, East Timor, southeast and south Asia, and Australia. Pacific Linguistics, established in 1963 through an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund, is associated with the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies at The Australian National University. The authors and editors of Pacific Linguistics publications are drawn from a wide range of institutions around the world. Publications are refereed by scholars with relevant expertise, who are usually not members of the editorial board. FOUNDING EDITOR: Stephen A. Wurm EDITORIAL BOARD: John Bowden, Malcolm Ross and Darrell Tryon (Managing Editors), I Wayan Arka, Bethwyn Evans, David Nash, Andrew Pawley, Paul Sidwell, Jane Simpson EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD: Karen Adams, Arizona State University Lillian Huang, National Taiwan Normal Peter Austin, School of Oriental and African University Studies
    [Show full text]
  • Learn Thai Language in Malaysia
    Learn thai language in malaysia Continue Learning in Japan - Shinjuku Japan Language Research Institute in Japan Briefing Workshop is back. This time we are with Shinjuku of the Japanese Language Institute (SNG) to give a briefing for our students, on learning Japanese in Japan.You will not only learn the language, but you will ... Or nearby, the Thailand- Malaysia border. Almost one million Thai Muslims live in this subregion, which is a belief, and learn how, to grow other (besides rice) crops for which there is a good market; Thai, this term literally means visitor, ASEAN identity, are we there yet? Poll by Thai Tertiary Students ' Sociolinguistic. Views on the ASEAN community. Nussara Waddsorn. The Assumption University usually introduces and offers as a mandatory optional or free optional foreign language course in the state-higher Japanese, German, Spanish and Thai languages of Malaysia. In what part students find it easy or difficult to learn, taking Mandarin READING HABITS AND ATTITUDES OF THAI L2 STUDENTS from MICHAEL JOHN STRAUSS, presented partly to meet the requirements for the degree MASTER OF ARTS (TESOL) I was able to learn Thai with Sukothai, where you can learn a lot about the deep history of Thailand and culture. Be sure to read the guide and learn a little about the story before you go. Also consider visiting neighboring countries like Cambodia, Vietnam and Malaysia. Air LANGUAGE: Thai, English, Bangkok TYPE OF GOVERNMENT: Constitutional Monarchy CURRENCY: Bath (THB) TIME ZONE: GMT No 7 Thailand invites you to escape into a world of exotic enchantment and excitement, from the Malaysian peninsula.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bungku-Tolaki Languages of South-Eastern Sulawesi, Indonesia
    The Bungku-Tolaki languages of South-Eastern Sulawesi, Indonesia Mead, D.E. The Bungku-Tolaki languages of south-eastern Sulawesi, Indonesia. D-91, xi + 188 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1999. DOI:10.15144/PL-D91.cover ©1999 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. PACIFIC LINGUISTICS FOUNDING EDITOR: Stephen A. Wurm EDITORIAL BOARD: Malcolm D. Ross and Darrell T. Tryon (Managing Editors), John Bowden, Thomas E. Dutton, Andrew K. Pawley Pacific Linguistics is a publisher specialising in linguistic descriptions, dictionaries, atlases and other material on languages of the Pacific, the Philippines, Indonesia and Southeast Asia. The authors and editors of Pacific Linguistics publications are drawn from a wide range of institutions around the world. Pacific Linguistics is associated with the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies at The Australian National University. Pacific Linguistics was established in 1963 through an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund. It is a non-profit-making body financed largely from the sales of its books to libraries and individuals throughout the world, with some assistance from the School. The Editorial Board of Pacific Linguistics is made up of the academic staff of the School's Department of Linguistics. The Board also appoints a body of editorial advisors drawn from the international community of linguists. Publications in Series A, B and C and textbooks in Series D are refereed by scholars with relevant expertise who are normally not members of the editorial board.
    [Show full text]
  • Does Successful Small-Scale Coordination Help Or Hinder
    The Iberian Challenge: Creole languages beyond the plantation setting. Edited by Armin Schwegler, John McWhorter & Liane Ströbel. Madrid/Frankfurt am Main: Iberoamericana-Vervuert, 2016. Pp. viii, 273 Paperback $39.60 To order, visit https://www.iberoamericana- vervuert.es/. Reviewed by J. Clancy Clements (Indiana University-Bloomington) As the title suggests, this collection of scholarly articles deals with non-plantation creoles, covers individual creoles, creoles in a region, creoles lexified by Spanish, palenques as the locus for creole formation/development, and archival documents as a source for better understanding the formation and development of Por- tuguese-lexified creoles in West Africa. In ‘The missing Spanish creole are still missing: Revisiting Afrogenesis and its implications for a coherent theory of creole genesis’ (pp.39–66), John McWhorter again weighs in on the complex question of the origins of these contact languages, with a focus on the Spanish-based creoles. Using socio-historical data and com- paring the evolution of various English-, French-, Portuguese-, and Spanish-lex- ified contact vernaculars, McWhorter lays out the hypothesis that these did not begin on plantations but rather in slave castles in West Africa, and were then transported to places where plantations already existed. For the Spanish creoles, this thesis is of particular relevance because in the last decade sociohistorical research has shown that there are increasingly fewer former Spanish colonies where one might expect a plantation creole to have emerged. One additional point seems relevant: the reason that there are no Portuguese-based creoles in Brazil (a question McWhorter raises at the end) may be due to what Schwartz (1985) doc- uments earlier in colonial Brazil: many African slaves worked in smaller commu- nities and had greater access to Portuguese.
    [Show full text]
  • IALL2017): Law, Language and Justice
    Proceedings of The Fifteenth International Conference on Law and Language of the International Academy of Linguistic Law (IALL2017): Law, Language and Justice May, 16-18, 2017 Hangzhou, China and Montréal, Québec, Canada Chief Editors: Ye Ning, Joseph-G. Turi, and Cheng Le Editors: Lisa Hale, and Jin Zhang Cover Designer: Lu Xi Published by The American Scholars Press, Inc. The Proceedings of The Fifteenth International Conference on Law, Language of the International Academy of Linguistic Law (IALL2017): Law, Language, and Justice is published by the American Scholars Press, Inc., Marietta, Georgia, USA. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. Copyright © 2017 by the American Scholars Press All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-0-9721479-7-2 Printed in the United States of America 2 Foreword In this sunny and green early summer, you, experts and delegates from different parts of the world, come together beside the Qiantang River in Hangzhou, to participate in The Fifteenth International Conference on Law and Language of the International Academy of Linguistic Law. On the occasion of the opening ceremony, it gives me such great pleasure on behalf of Zhejiang Police College, and also on my own part, to extend a warm welcome to all the distinguished experts and delegates. At the same time, thanks for giving so much trust and support to Zhejiang Police College. Currently, the law-based governance of the country is comprehensively promoted in China. As Xi Jinping, Chinese president, said, “during the entire reform process, we should attach great importance to applying the idea of rule of law and the way of rule of law to play the leading and driving role of rule of law”.
    [Show full text]
  • The Heritage Language Acquisition and Education of an Indigenous Group in Taiwan: an Ethnographic Study of Atayals in an Elementary School
    THE HERITAGE LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AND EDUCATION OF AN INDIGENOUS GROUP IN TAIWAN: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY OF ATAYALS IN AN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL BY HAO CHEN DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Secondary and Continuing Education in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Mark Dressman, Chair Professor Sarah McCarthey Professor Liora Bresler Assistant Professor Wen-Hao Huang ABSTRACT In this study, I used ethnographic methods to investigate the learning and education of the heritage language of a group of indigenous students in Taiwan. Traditionally, their heritage language, Atayal, was not written. Also, Atayal was taught at schools only recently. As one of Austronesian language families, Atayal language and culture could have been part of the origin of other Polynesians in the Pacific Islands. Furthermore, as an Atayal member I was interested in knowing the current status of Atayal language among the Atayal students in school. I also wanted to know the attitudes of Atayal learning of the participants as well as how they saw the future of Atayal language. Last, I investigated the relationship of Atayal language and Atayal cultures. I stayed in an Atayal village in the mid mountain area in Taiwan for six months to collect observation and interview data. The research site included the Bamboo Garden Elementary School and the Bamboo Garden Village. In the 27 Atayal students who participated in this study, 16 were girls and 11 were boys. They were between Grade 2 to Grade 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Cape Verdean Kriolu As an Epistemology of Contact O Crioulo Cabo-Verdiano Como Epistemologia De Contato
    Cadernos de Estudos Africanos 24 | 2012 Africanos e Afrodescendentes em Portugal: Redefinindo Práticas, Projetos e Identidades Cape Verdean Kriolu as an Epistemology of Contact O crioulo cabo-verdiano como epistemologia de contato Derek Pardue Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/cea/696 DOI: 10.4000/cea.696 ISSN: 2182-7400 Publisher Centro de Estudos Internacionais Printed version Number of pages: 73-94 ISSN: 1645-3794 Electronic reference Derek Pardue, « Cape Verdean Kriolu as an Epistemology of Contact », Cadernos de Estudos Africanos [Online], 24 | 2012, Online since 13 December 2012, connection on 01 May 2019. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/cea/696 ; DOI : 10.4000/cea.696 O trabalho Cadernos de Estudos Africanos está licenciado com uma Licença Creative Commons - Atribuição-NãoComercial-CompartilhaIgual 4.0 Internacional. Cadernos de Estudos Africanos (2012) 24, 73-94 © 2012 Centro de Estudos Africanos do ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Ca Va Ki a a Eiy Ca Derek Pardue Universidade de Washington St. Louis, E.U.A. [email protected] 74 CAPE VERDEAN KRIOLU AS AN EPISTEMOLOGY OF CONTACT Cape Verdean Kriolu as an epistemology of contact Kriolu as language and sentiment represents a “contact perspective”, an outlook on life and medium of identiication historically structured by the encounter. Cape Verde was born out of an early creole formation and movement is an essential part of Cape Verdean practices of language and identity. Most recently, the Portuguese state and third-party real estate developers have provided another scenario in the long series of (dis) emplacement dramas for Cape Verdeans as Lisbon administrations have pushed to demol- ish “improvised” housing and regroup people into “social” neighborhoods.
    [Show full text]
  • Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume 8: 7 July 2008
    LANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume 8 : 7 July 2008 ISSN 1930-2940 Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D. Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D. B. A. Sharada, Ph.D. A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D. Lakhan Gusain, Ph.D. K. Karunakaran, Ph.D. Jennifer Marie Bayer, Ph.D. Survival of the Minority Kristang Language in Malaysia Haji Mohideen Bin Mohamed Ali, Ph.D. Shamimah Mohideen, M. HSc. 1 Survival of the Minority Kristang Language in Malaysia Haja Mohideen Bin Mohamed Ali, Ph.D. Shamimah Mohideen, M.HSc. Abstract Kristang, also known as the Malaccan Portuguese Creole, has a strong influence of Portuguese, together with the Malay language which is the dominant local language in Malaysia and the Malay-speaking region in Southeast Asia. This Creole is spoken by a microscopic minority of Catholic Christians who are descendants of Portuguese colonizers and Asian settlers in Malacca. Malacca was once a historically renowned state and empire which was coveted by major European powers. The Dutch followed the Portuguese and the last were the British. Because of the very small number of Kristang community members (1200) in the present Portuguese Settlement assigned to them by the authorities, the Kristang language is clearly a language struggling to survive. Its vocabulary is largely Portuguese-based, with a substantial contribution from the Malay language. It has also borrowed from the languages of other colonial European powers. Their vocabulary also includes some loan words from Chinese and Indian languages. This minority language may yet be maintained with the fervent effort of the few thousand remaining Kristang speakers and the Malaysian government, particularly the state government of Melaka (or Malacca).
    [Show full text]