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Rapport Final REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO MINISTERE DE L’AMENAGEMENT DU TERRITOIRE, URBANISME ET HABITAT Secrétariat Général à l’Urbanisme et Habitat HABITAT III R.D.CONGO RAPPORT FINAL Kinshasa, Octobre 2015 i TABLE DES MATIERES TABLE DES MATIERES ............................................................................................................... i LISTE DES TABLEAUX ................................................................................................................ iii LISTE DES FIGURES ................................................................................................................... iii LISTE DES PHOTOS ................................................................................................................... iii SIGLES ET ACRONYMES ............................................................................................................ iv REMERCIEMENTS .................................................................................................................... vi RESUME EXECUTIF .................................................................................................................. vii MINITERIAL SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ x INTRODUCTION GENERALE ...................................................................................................... 1 1. PRESENTATION DE LA RD CONGO ET SA CAPITALE ............................................................. 1 2. CADRE MACROECONOMIQUE DU PAYS .............................................................................. 3 3. JUSTIFICATIF DE L’HABITAT III .............................................................................................. 4 4. OBJECTIFS ET METHODOLOGIE ............................................................................................ 6 4.1. Objectifs du rapport .................................................................................................. …6 4.2. Méthodologie .............................................................................................................. 6 5. CONTRAINTES DE LA MISSION ............................................................................................. 8 6. STRUCTURE DU RAPPORT .................................................................................................... 8 CHAPITRE I : ENJEUX ET DEFIS DEMOGRAPHIQUES A RELEVER EN MILIEU URBAIN ................... 9 I.1. Gestion du phénomène de l'urbanisation rapide .............................................................. 9 I.2. Gestion des relations entre le monde rural et les villes ................................................... 10 I.3. Besoins des jeunes en milieu urbain congolais ................................................................ 11 I.4. Besoins des personnes âgées en milieu urbain congolais ................................................ 12 I.5. Intégrer la parité entre les sexes dans le développement urbain ................................... 12 CHAPITRE II: AMENAGEMENT DU TERRITOIRE ET PLANIFICATION URBAINE ............................ 15 II.1. Du maintien de la planification et aménagement durables des villes ............................ 15 II.2. Amélioration de la gestion des territoires urbains, notamment le contrôle de l'étalement urbain ...................................................................................................................................... 16 II.3. De l’amélioration de la production alimentaire en milieu urbain................................... 17 II.4. De la réduction de la congestion de la circulation .......................................................... 18 II.5. De l’amélioration des capacités techniques de planification et de gestion des villes .... 18 2. Gestion du territoire national et contrôle de l'étalement urbain ...................................... 19 CHAPITRE III : ENVIRONNEMENT ET URBANISATION .............................................................. 21 III.1. Lutte contre le changement climatique ......................................................................... 21 III.2. Réduire les risques de catastrophes ............................................................................... 22 III.3. Lutte contre la pollution de l'air en milieu urbain congolais ......................................... 23 CHAPITRE IV : GOUVERNANCE ET LEGISLATION URBAINES ...................................................... 26 IV.1. Du renforcement de la législation urbaine .................................................................... 26 Rapport National Habitat III Kinshasa RD. Congo ii IV.2. Décentraliser et renforcer les collectivités locales ........................................................ 26 IV.3. Améliorer la participation et les droits de l'homme dans le développement urbain .. 27 IV.4. Renforcer la sécurité et la sérénité en milieu urbain ..................................................... 27 IV.5. Améliorer l'intégration sociale et la justice sociale ....................................................... 28 CHAPITRE V : ÉCONOMIE URBAINE ......................................................................................... 30 V.1. Amélioration de financement des municipalités (collectivités locales) ......................... 30 V.2. Renforcer et améliorer l’accès au financement du logement ........................................ 32 V.3. Appui au développement économique des communautés locales ................................ 33 V.4. Création des emplois décents et des moyens de subsistance ........................................ 34 V.5. Intégration de l’économie urbaine dans la stratégie de développement national ........ 36 CHAPITRE VI : LOGEMENT ET SERVICES DE BASE ..................................................................... 40 VI.1. Réaménagement des bidonvilles et prévention de leur prolifération ........................... 40 VI.2. Améliorer l’accès au logement convenable ................................................................... 40 VI.3. Assurer l’accès permanent à l’eau potable .................................................................... 41 VI.4. Assurer l’accès permanent aux systèmes élémentaires d’assainissement et de drainage………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….42 VI.5. De l’amélioration de l’accès à l’énergie domestique dans les villes .............................. 44 VI.6. Améliorer l’accès aux moyens de transport viables ...................................................... 47 1-Réaménagement des bidonvilles et prévention de leur prolifération................................ 48 2-Améliorer l’accès au logement convenable ........................................................................ 48 3-Assurer l’accès permanent à l’eau potable ......................................................................... 48 5-De l’amélioration de l’accès à l’énergie domestique dans les villes ................................... 48 VII. PLAN D’ACTION NATIONAL D’AMELIORATION DE L’HABITAT (Documents strategiques) .... 49 ORIENTATION BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE .......................................................................................... 60 ANNEXES .................................................................................................................................. i Annexe 1: Les indicateurs urbains .................................................................................................... ii Annexe 2 : Etude de cas .................................................................................................................... iii Annexe 3 : Termes de référence du consultant national ................................................................. vi Annexe 4 : Lignes directrices pour la préparation des rapports nationaux de l’Habitat III ............. xii Annexe 5 : Experts et personnes ressources .................................................................................xviii Annexe 6 : Equipe de rédaction ...................................................................................................... xix Annexe 7 : Liste des enquêteurs ...................................................................................................... xx Rapport National Habitat III Kinshasa RD. Congo iii LISTE DES TABLEAUX Tableau 1 : Subdivision administrative et villes de la R.D. Congo……………………………… Page 2 Tableau 2 : Evolution de la population urbaine congolaise par province…………………. Page 9 Tableau 3 : Evolution des Taux de croissance démographique urbaine et rurale en R.D. Congo……………………………………………………………………………………………. Page 11 Tableau 4 : Les enjeux démographiques urbains……………………………………………………… Page 13 Tableau 5 : Aménagement du territoire et planification urbaine…………………………….. Page 19 Tableau 6 : Les inventaires des risques les plus courants en RDC……………………………. Page 22 Tableau 7 : Environnement et urbanisation……………………………………………………………. Page 25 Tableau 8 : Gouvernance et législation urbaines…………………………………………………….. Page 29 Tableau 9 : Evolution de la situation économique du pays (2001-2010)….................. Page 31 Tableau 10 : Economie urbaine…………………………………………………………………………………. Page 38 Tableau 11 : Indicateurs et production d’eau potable en RDC………………………………….. Page 42 Tableau 12 : Evolution en % de l’état des toilettes en milieu urbain…………………………. Page 44 Tableau 13 : La production Hydroélectrique de 2001 à 2011……………………………………. Page 45 Tableau 14 : La production Thermique de 2001à 2011…………………………………………….. Page 45
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