Mr. Galo Plaza, United Nations Mediator in Cyprus

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Mr. Galo Plaza, United Nations Mediator in Cyprus UN Secretariat Item Scan - Barcode - Record Title Page Date 02/06/2006 Time 12:09:12 PM S-0869-0001 -09-00001 Expanded Number S-0869-0001 -09-00001 Title items-in-Peace-keeping operations - Cyprus - Mr. Galo Plaza, United Nations Mediator in Cyprus Date Created 11/05/1964 Record Type Archival Item Container S-0869-0001: Peace-Keeping Operations Files of the Secretary-General: U Thant: Cyprus Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GEflJSRAL S/56Q1 COUNCIL 11 May ORIGINAL: ENGLISH REPORT BY THE; SEOE^^ARY-GEMSRAL TO THE SECURITY COUNCIL ON THE OPERATIONS OF THE UNITED NATIONS PEACE-KEEPING FORCE IN CYPRUS 1. In my report to the .Security Council on 29 April 1964 (8/5671), I referred to the urgent need to strengthen the mission in Cyprus by the addition of a top-level political officer, who, on behalf of the Secretary-General, could conduct negotiations for the implementation of the programne which was outlined in Annex I of the above-mentioned report. 2. I am now able to inform members of the Security Council that I have secured the services of Mr. Galo Plasa of Ecuador as my Special Representative in Cyprus. Mr. Plaza has served the United Nations previously in the United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon in 1958, and on a special mission to the Congo (Leopoldville) in 1960. 3. Mr. Plaza's Secretariat assignment will be a short-range one and he has agreed to serve initially until 27 June 196^. He will be directly responsible to me and, as indicated in the above-mentioned report, his functions will not in any way impinge upon the efforts of the United Nations Mediator to find long-term solutions to the problems of Cyprus, nor upon the functions of the Commander of the United Heticns Force in Cyprus. ^. Mr. Plaza will leave for Cyprus on Wednesday, 13 May. JEB/at 17 June 1964 Dear Mr. Plasa, Your letter of 10 Juns 1964 aad the original and two copies of the UWXCIP draft report eoveriag developments in the military and civilian fields for th© period fross 29 April to & June 1964 was received in due tin*©. J^r report to the Security Council was circu- lated under aysi&ol S/57&4 on 16 June, and copies have been forwarded to Nicosia by special pouch. I also understand that the final chapter containing th& suamiag up and observatioas was cabled to you by the Office of Public Information. Subject to the discussios on apartheid ending today or tosiorrow, the initial meeting of the Security Council on Cyprus is planned for either Thursday, 18 Juns, or Friday, 19 June. The material for the report sent by General Gyaai and yourself was most useful, aacl 1 asa pleased to have been able to place the report before tfae Members of the Council sufficiently in advance of the discussion. Ibis was possible, in so siaall measure, by the timely submission of your material. $r. Eels-Bennett reported to me on his exchange of views with yourself, General Qjrani and Mr. Flores, as well as \d-lh President Kakarios and ?iee-Fresident Ku^uk. I sbould like to wish you continued success in your very delicate task. lours sincerely, U Thaat Mr» Galo Plaaa OHFICIP Nicosia Cyprus cc: Messrs. Bunche, Narasimhan, Kola-Bennett, t* *~ 10 1964 L of <ua© origiaal UKFICY^'e report a IB l»ot.li &SAQ tail i >t«3ieit>ia wf 29 Aril 19Q4 to 8 19540 I? II Gu&d III as IV ita & S*i-ief £CYI*'Q ©fffurie tw V li 4 i jr Cwtlli-Vilo Hwl doubi- gis© j'wsa Esae o,ft>«!i la is ad that hie wi w«ja<i ouir £wr iL«3 u L UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES FORCE IN CYPRUS Personal and Confidential 24 June 1964 Dear U Thant, The time lias come for me to "bring to your attention the matter of termination of my mission in Gyp rue, which we had looked into during our interview in Lew York on 30 Kay. The pressures of personal affairs at home i. ake it impossible for me to change my original planu ~nd stay on beyond the first week in July. On the other hand, as matters stand now, I am inclined to "believe my continued stay would not "be necessary, However, if any significant change in the situation takes place that might demand alterations in the implementation of "H TICT1 ' ,<_• mandate, and if you find it practical and useful, I would, "be willing to return, at any time, on very short notice, I will endeavour to keep from the press any information concerning my departure until I hear from ycu. Tourr.; since, U Thant Secretary-General United Nations Hew York ©f ta ee: AP/.'e »r. Oslo Plasa S Ouly 196k Sgaeial Bsp?esent.ativa of th* Msr. A, Senior J. Sols-lessett tl» BgasmmHafc Misgiea of 30 Jime 196*«< fsraaa the Mission of Copras has bees eMp@sssa to tto Seersts^-Gsaera a request tfea% ^i® iafoKaaticffii coatsiiaisg the fa^pseats of ttos Turkish Civil S®rmnts fe® teeli^teS in ths Seeaparb®?y-G«Hcy<al's sp®port. to bft in a posities to exaaiBS such a request., I ^ould be to b&v«, at your easrly eoERr«iii®53e®, your e^ssatests oa the tsbis @et@33ii©lKid by the Go^srHsieiat «f Qjffffi'UB. la pesliieulas', a of th.e figiapss glvea, with those of the perioSs cc: Secretary-General Mr. Karasimhan Mr. Rolz-^ennett THE BLUE BERET Tuesday, 22nd September, 1964 Issued by the Information Office of the United Motions Force in Cyprus 0 No. 23 Security Council /VEW CYPRUS MEWS Discusses UNFICYP IN FINNISH Mandate. MEDLATOi APPOINTED N 16 September, the Se- '"THE new United Nations Ocurity Council resumed Suomaiaispataljoona kunnioitti discussion of the Cyprus ques- Mediator for Cyprus, suurlahettilas Tuomiojan muistoa tion. The Council had before Senor <3alo Plaza, whose ap- jarjesiamalla Kykkon alueella it a report by the Secretary- pointment was announced to muistotilaisuuden viime keskiviik- Qeneral, which recommended 16 September, was born in kona. Muistopuheen piti maj. the continuation of the Peace- New York in 1906. At the Keeping Operation in Cyprus Tauno Kuosa. Jaljenpana julkai- for another three months. time his father, General Leo- semme maj. Kuosan muistopuheen nidas Plaza, was Minister kokonaisuudessaan. Mr. Kyprianou, of Cyprus, of Ecuador to the United said his government agreed to States. the extension of the United YK :n joukot ovat saapuneei Nations Peace-Keeping Opera- Galo Plaza was educated in talle sisaisten riitojen repimalle tion. He stated that agree- Quito, Ecuador, and attended saarelle pitamaan ylla rauhaa, jot- ment had been reached on the the Universities of California freedom of movement for the and Maryland, where he stu- ta sen pulmat voitaisiin selvittaa Force. He opposed the creation died agriculture, and George- poliittisilla neuvoueluilla. Fatal- of buffer zones. town School of Foreign Ser- joonamme muodostaa huomatta- Mr. Eralp, of Turkey, fa- vice. van osan YK:n rauhanjoukoista, voured the strengthening of In 1936 he was elected Mayor joiden harteilla on hyvin suuri vas- the United Nations Force but Senor Galo Plaza tuu koko maailmanrauhaa uhkaa declared that UNFICTP had of Quito and in 1938 became been unable to prevent a Greek Minister of Defence — a po- vien Kyproksen pulmien selvittelys- Cypriot arms build-up. He said sition he held for two years. ta Tama on ensimma'inen kerta, that Turkey was agreeable to pared the basis for the Latin kun Suomi osallistuu na'in huomat- the proposals regarding the From 1940 until his appoint- American common market) ment in Cyprus, on 11 May tavalla tavalla kansainvalisten kiis- restoration of peace, but de- 1959-1960, Chairman of a study lakysymysten ratkaisemiseksi. fence positions should be main- 64, as Special Representative of tha Secretary-General he group on administration of the Maamme osuus ei ole kuitenkaan tained until 'UNFICYP was in Karnina and Kitona Bases in position to provide an effective had held several official ap- rajoittunut vain sen asevoimien pointments in his own country guarantee against attack- the Congo 1960 and President antamaan panokseen, Suomi aset- and in the United Nations Be- of Ecuadors' Development tween times he has returned ti myos valittajan. jonka tehtavna Mr. Bitsios of Greece agreed Bank 1960-1964. with the Secretary-General's to private business and was oli saattaa kiistapuolet yhteen ha- view that withdrawal of the actively engaged in several nen hahmottelemaansa sovimorat- projects connected with the During 1946 Senor Plaza United Nations Force would kaisuehdorusta kasittelemaan. be disastrous. agricultural development of attended the San-Francisco Ecuador. Olemme kokoontuneet tanaan ty- Conference, where the United On 17 September, the Coun- onsa aareen kaatuneen YK:n Ky- Nations Charter was written, cil heard PJaton Morozov, of Among the official appoint- prok-sen-valittajan, suurlahettilas the Soviet Union, say that his ments which Senor Plaza has as a member of his country's Sakari Severi Tuomiojan, government would agree to ex- held are Ambassador to the delegation. tension of the mandate of UN- United States 1914-1946, Pre- muistoa kunnioittamaan. FICYP only on the express sident of Ecuador 1948-1952 condition that the Council's re- Senor Plaza who has a tho- (his father had also been Pre- Saattaa tuntua sattumalta, etta solution of 4 March was com- sident 1902-1906, 1912-1916), rough knowledge of all aspects plied with, particularly as to Chairman of the United Na- of the Cyprus problem has been valittajan valinta kohdistui kaikis- the financing and the function- tions Observation Group in the ta ma ait man poliitikoista ja valtio ing of the Force.
Recommended publications
  • Vicepresidentes En La Historia Vicepresidentes Periodo Vicepresidencial Presidentes Periodo Presidencial
    VICEPRESIDENTES EN LA HISTORIA VICEPRESIDENTES PERIODO VICEPRESIDENCIAL PRESIDENTES PERIODO PRESIDENCIAL Proyecto Republicano: construcción de la República del Ecuador (1830 al 1861) José Joaquín de Olmedo, primer Vicepresidente. 12 de septiembre de 1830 – José Modesto Larrea, segundo 15 de septiembre de 1831. Juan José Flores y Aramburu 13 de mayo 1830 al 22 de septiembre 1830 Vicepresidente; reemplaza a José 1831 – 1835 Joaquín de Olmedo. Vicente Rocafuerte se proclama Jefe 10 de septiembre 1834 al 22 de junio 1835 Supremo de Guayaquil. José Féliz Valdivieso, Jefe Supremo, 12 de junio 1834 al 18 enero 1835 Sierra. Juan Bernardo León es el tercer 1835 -­­ 1839 Vicente Rocafuerte como Jefe 8 de agosto 1835 al 31 enero de 1839 Vicepresidente Supremo Juan José Flores como Presidente de 1 de febrero de 1839 al 15 de enero de 1843 la República Francisco Aguirre es el cuarto 1839 -­­ 1843 Juan José Flores elegido Presidente 1 de abril de 1843 al 6 de marzo de 1845 Vicepresidente por golpe de Estado Gobierno provisorio de José Joaquín de Olmedo, Vicente Ramón Roca, 6 de marzo al 8 de diciembre de 1845 Diego Novoa. Gobierno provisorio de José Joaquín Dr. Francisco Marcos 1843 -­­ 1845 de Olmedo, Vicente Ramón Roca, 1 de Abril de 1943 an 1 de Abril de 1945 Diego Novoa. Pablo Merino, es reemplazado en Mayo Vicente Ramón Roca Rodríguez asume 1847 por Manuel de Azcásubi y Matheu 1845 -­­ 1847 8 de diciembre de 1845 al 15 de octubre de 1849 como sexto Vicepresidente. el poder como Presidente de la El República Vicepresidente Manuel de Ascásubi y
    [Show full text]
  • Precursores De La Cooperación Norteamericana Con Ecuador
    Precursores de la Cooperación Norteamericana con Ecuador Inicio de la Cooperación para el Desarrollo: Una Historia No Muy Conocida John A. Sanbrailo* Dentro del desenvolvimiento de las relaciones entre los Estados Unidos y Ecuador, su historia de cooperación no es muy bien comprendida y existen varios mitos, estereotipos y malentendidos que distorsionan una realidad rica en logros y realizaciones. Más aún, algunos comentaristas la han malinterpretado, enfatizando solamente aspectos negativos --desconociendo lo positivo y los éxitos obtenidos-- y creando así desconfianza entre estos dos países históricamente amigos. Asimismo, muchos autores creen que la cooperación comenzó únicamente después de la segunda guerra mundial con la ayuda prestada por varias instituciones del gobierno norteamericano, actualmente representada por la Agencia de los Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional (USAID) y sus entidades predecesoras tales como Punto Cuarto y los Servicios Cooperativos Interamericanos. Sin embargo, esta colaboración tiene raíces aún más profundas que muestran la larga solidaridad que ha prevalecido entre las dos naciones desde la época de la independencia. Varios ejemplos enseñan que existen semillas plantadas muy tempranamente en la historia del país, las cuales simbolizan la ayuda entre norteamericanos y ecuatorianos. Este proceso se inició a lo largo de las décadas de l820 y l830 con prominentes figuras tales como José de Villamil de Luisiana; William e Isaac Wheelwright de Massachusetts y Alexander Ruden de Nueva York, quienes fueron los verdaderos pioneros de dicha cooperación. Sus fascinantes relatos revelan cómo se originó la ayuda mutua entre los habitantes de estos países, hecho relevante que debería ser mejor reconocido y divulgado hoy en día.
    [Show full text]
  • Información Histórica
    El PROCURADOR GENERAL DR. ALFREDO PÉREZ GUERRERO (JUNIO DE 1944 – MARZO DE 1946) HOJA DE VIDA Por decreto presidencial Nº 1368, del 17 de mayo del 2006, el Presidente Constitucional Alfredo Palacio lo designó como “Maestro Símbolo Ecuatoriano”. Lugar y fecha de nacimiento Funciones y cargos Nació en Ibarra, el 7 de mayo de 1901 y murió en Quito, el 19 de noviembre de 1968. Diputado y Senador de la República; Ministro de Prevención Social y Trabajo. Perteneció a la Sociedad Instrucción Jurídica Literaria. Miembro de la Academia de la Lengua y de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana. Representante en el Jurista, periodista, escritor y maestro. Educación primaria Municipio de Quito. en la Escuela de los Hermanos Cristianos de “El Cebollar”, secundaria en el Instituto Nacional Mejía. Grado de Doctor Publicaciones en Jurisprudencia y Abogado de los Tribunales de la República, en la Universidad Central. “Las constituciones del Ecuador”, Revista de la Sociedad 71 de Estudios Jurídicos, Quito, 1926. “Fundamentos del dere- ADO EST DEL L Docencia cho civil ecuatoriano”, Quito: Imprenta de la Universidad L A A R R E E N N E Central, 1940. “La sucesión por causa de muerte”, Quito: E G G A A Í Í R Profesor del Instituto Nacional Mejía. Profesor y Decano R U Editorial Universitaria, 1952 y 1956, 2 volúmenes. U D D A A R R U de la Facultad de Jurisprudencia de la Universidad Central del U C “Morfología de la Lengua Castellana”, “Aventura del Espíritu”, C O O R R P Ecuador y Rector de este centro de estudios por tres periodos, “Educación y Libertad”, “La Universidad Ultrajada”, “La P durante los cuales promovió y dirigió la construcción de la Universidad y la Patria”, “Semillas al viento”, “Ecuador”, DE LA Ciudad Universitaria.
    [Show full text]
  • Soberanía Y ECUADOR Democracia Siembra Fecunda ALFREDO PALACIO
    El Dr. Alfredo Palacio, ejerció la Presidecia Constitucional de la República del Ecuador desde abril de 2005 hasta el 15 de enero 2007. actualmente reside en Guayaquil, su ciudad natal, donde ejerce su profesión de médico cardiólogo, investigador científico, en el INCAP. Dirige algunos proyectos científicos y de salud. Es profesor de Cardiología de la Universidad de Guayaquil, profesor de Política Latinoamericana de la Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo, profesor Emérito de la Universidad de San Francisco, profesor afiliado de la Universidad de Miami Millar School of Medicine. Ha sido distinguido con doctorados y títulos Honoris Causa, de la Universidad John Hopkins de Baltimore de Estados Unidos de América, de la Universidad Católica de Guayaquil, y de la Universidad de Península de Santa Elena. Entre sus publicaciones encontra- mos Atlas de Ecocardiografía Bidimensional. PLM, México, 1981; Atlas of 2 D-Echocardiography. York Medical Books, New York, 1983; Cardiopatía Isquémica. Banco Central, Guayaquil, 1985; Estudio Guayaquil I. Universidad de Guayaquil, 1991; Hacia... Un humanismo Científico, 1997; Salud para todos 2005; Salud el derecho de todos, 2006. ECUADOR Soberanía y Democracia siembra fecunda ALFREDO PALACIO AGOSTO 2007 Ecuador Soberanía y Democracia siembra fecunda © Alfredo Palacio Derechos de Autor: 027294 ISBN-978-9942-01-255-5 Primera edición 1000 ejemplares ITAPOA Portada Elmo Avila Cárdenas Impresión SOBOCGRAFIC Quito-Ecuador Agosto de 2007 agradecimiento Mi primera palabra de gratitud al pueblo Ecuatoriano, puntal permanente de inspiración. Dejo constancia expresa de mi reconocimiento, a la dedicación, al profesionalismo, a las largas horas de abnegado y agotador trabajo de Gabriela Córdova, Ana Mogro, Fátima Vásconez, Alicia Robalino.
    [Show full text]
  • Ámbito De Cultura General Historia
    Ed Ed i te d wit h th e tria l versio n of Foxi Foxi t Advance d PD F Editor T T o remov e thi s notice , visit: www.foxitsoftware.com/shopping ÁMBITO DE CULTURA GENERAL HISTORIA 1. La causa principal que motivó a 2. País con el que el Ecuador Ecuador para independizarse de contrajo la deuda para España fue: alcanzar la Independencia: a. C r i s i s d e la coron a e s p a ño l a a. Francia b. Ambiciones económicas de b. Estados las colonias c. Conspiración Unidos c . de los altos mandos I n gl at err a españoles d. España 3. ¿En qué fecha se llevó a cabo la 4. La matanza de los gesta libertaria conocida como Próceres de la “El Primer Grito de Independencia se Independencia”? produjo el: a. 10 de Agosto a. 2 de Agosto de 1810 b . 10 d e de 1809 b . 2 d e A A g o sto d e 1809 c. A g o sto d e 1810 c. 10 de Agosto de 2 de Agosto de 5. La Revolución Guayaquileña que 6. Nombre de la batalla con influenció en la Independencia al que se logró la del Ecuador tuvo lugar el: Independencia definitiva a. 9 de octubre a. Batalla de de 1824 b. 9 de Tarqui octubre de 1822 c . b. Batalla de 9 de octubre de Cuaspud c 7. ¿Qué países integraron la Gran 8. ¿En qué año se separó el Colombia? Ecuador del a. Venezuela, Colombia Distrito del Sur? y Panamá b.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecuador: a New Political South America [HH-5-'791 Direction?'
    19791No. 47 by Howard Handelman Ecuador: A New Political South America [HH-5-'791 Direction?' On March 31,1979 thousands of traditionally been among the elections preceding the one recently bereaved Ecuadorians filed through region's least developed nations. completed), a mere 30-55 percent of the streets of Quito's old city to pay Through the early 1970s, the the country's adult population even final homage to Jose Maria Velasco country experienced little managed to register and only 60-80 Ibarra, the man who had dominated industrialization and retained a percent of those registered actually their country's politics for some 40 substantial, impoverished rural voted.5 In the countryside, years. Elected to the presidency on population. participation has been particularly five occasions (1933, 1944, 1952, restricted since cultural and 1960, 19681, Velasco was repeatedly As Table 1 reveals, in 1970, among linguistic considerations have ousted from office by the military or the ten Spanish-speaking nations of isolated much of the Andean Indian forced to resign, completing only South America Ecuador ranked peasantry from the political arena. one full term (1952-1956).A ninth in life expectancy, eighth in Those villagers who have voted powerful orator- he once boasted, literacy, and eighth in urbanization. often have been pressured to follow "give me a balcony and the people Indeed, the Ecuadorian economy the dictates of local political bosses are mine1'- he followed demagogic was so undeveloped prior to the allied with the landed elite and, not campaign promises of fundamental nation's post-1973 petroleum boom infrequently, with the Catholic reform with mediocre performance that, at the close of the past decade, Church.
    [Show full text]
  • Política, Poder Y Redes Sociales: Análisis Comparativo De La
    UNIVERSIDAD SAN FRANCISCO DE QUITO USFQ COLEGIO DE COMUNICACIÓN Y ARTES CONTEMPORÁNEAS Política, poder y redes sociales: Análisis comparativo de la interactividad de los espacios informativos de Lenín Moreno y Rafael Correa en Twitter Trabajo de Investigación María Paula Goyes Larrea Periodismo Multimedios Trabajo de titulación presentado como requisito para la obtención del título de Licenciada en Periodismo Multimedios Quito, 14 de mayo de 2018 2 UNIVERSIDAD SAN FRANCISCO DE QUITO USFQ COLEGIO DE COMUNICACIÓN Y ARTES CONTEMPORÁNEAS HOJA DE CALIFICACIÓN DE TRABAJO DE TITULACIÓN Política, poder y redes sociales: Análisis comparativo de la interactividad de los espacios informativos de Lenín Moreno y Rafael Correa en Twitter María Paula Goyes Larrea Calificación: Nombre del profesor, Título académico Eric Samson, M.A Nombre del profesor, Título académico Tania Orbe Martínez, MSC. Firma del profesor: Firma del profesor: Quito, 14 de mayo de 2018 3 Derechos de Autor Por medio del presente documento certifico que he leído todas las Políticas y Manuales de la Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, incluyendo la Política de Propiedad Intelectual USFQ, y estoy de acuerdo con su contenido, por lo que los derechos de propiedad intelectual del presente trabajo quedan sujetos a lo dispuesto en esas Políticas. Asimismo, autorizo a la USFQ para que realice la digitalización y publicación de este trabajo en el repositorio virtual, de conformidad a lo dispuesto en el Art. 144 de la Ley Orgánica de Educación Superior. Firma del estudiante: _______________________________________ Nombres y apellidos: María Paula Goyes Larrea Código: 00117435 Cédula de Identidad: 0401674072 Lugar y fecha: Quito, 14 de mayo de 2018 4 5 RESUMEN Desde la llegada de Rafael Correa al poder, se han implementado métodos y estrategias de comunicación política con el fin de informar a cada ciudadano la agenda presidencial.
    [Show full text]
  • Electoral Observation in Ecuador 1998
    Electoral Observations in the Americas Series, No. 17 Electoral Observation in Ecuador 1998 Secretary General César Gaviria Assistant Secretary General Christopher R. Thomas Executive Coordinator, Unit for the Promotion of Democracy Elizabeth M. Spehar This publication is part of a series of UPD publications of the General Secretariat of the Organization of American States. The ideas, thoughts, and opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the OAS or its member states. The opinions expressed are the responsibility of the authors. OEA/Ser.D/XX SG/UPD/II. 17 23 March, 1999 Original: Spanish Electoral Observation in Ecuador 1998 General Secretariat Organization of American States Washington, D.C. 20006 1999 This report was produced under the technical supervision of Edgardo Costa Reis, Chief of Mission and Specialist of the Unit for the Promotion of Democracy (UPD). Design and composition of this publication was done by the Information and Dialogue Section of the UPD, headed by Caroline Murfitt-Eller. Betty Robinson helped with the editorial review of this report and, Meghan Henderson and Esther Rodriguez with its production. Copyright Ó 1999 by OAS. All rights reserved. This publication may be reproduced provided credit is given to the source. Contents Foreword ................................................................................................................................... vii Introduction ................................................................................................................................ix
    [Show full text]
  • Ecuadorian Agrarian Reform: the Politics of Limited Change
    - 19801No. 49 by Howard Handelman ECUADORIAN AGRARIAN RE- South America [HH-2-'801 FORM: THE POLITICS OF LIMITED CHANGE On March 15, 1980, Ecuadorian President reform legislation, some 1,400 latifundia (large Jaime Rold6s and his Vice-president Osvaldo estates) of 500 hectares (1,250 acres) or more- Hurtado announced the general outlines of their representing but 0.5 percent of the nation's agri- new administration's five-year economic plan. cultural units-controlled 45 percent of the agro- The ambitious $5.4 billion proposal-calling for livestock land.4 major reinvestment of the nation's petroleum While agrarian reform has been motivated by wealth-included $250 million for rural develop- a number of political and economic factors, its ment and the distribution of expropriated private proponents clearly have hoped that it would also and public land to some 77,000 needy peasant contribute to greater agricultural productivity. families. If such a program is actually imple- Thus the poor production record over the past mented-no certainty in a country where impres- decade or more and the need for growing food sive legislation is often stillborn-it would sig- imports have subjected reform proponents to nificantly expand the government's halting severe criticism from various points on the polit- efforts at agrarian reform begun on July 11, 1964, ical spectrum. Many social scientists, as well as when Ecuador's ruling military junta passed the spokesmen for peasant groups and their allies first of several agrarian reform decrees and within the Catholic Church and the political amendments. Rather than effecting radical party system, argue that efforts to redistribute change, however, much of this legislation rein- land and to aid the small farmer have been half- forced socioeconomic trends which had already hearted and inadequate in scale.
    [Show full text]
  • Resumen De Historia Del Ecuador
    Enrique Ayala Mora RESUMEN DE HISTORIA DEL ECUADOR Tercera edición actualizada CORPORACIÓN EDITORA NACIONAL Quito, 2008 BIBLIOTECA GENERAL DE CULTURA 1 Primera edición: 1993 Segunda edición: 1999 Tercera edición ISBN: 978-9978-84-477-9 Derechos de autor: 007176 • Depósito legal: 000494 Impreso en el Ecuador, agosto 2008 © Corporación Editora Nacional, Roca E9-59 y Tamayo, apartado postal: 17-12-886, Quito-Ecuador, telfs.: (593 2) 2554358, 2554558, 2554658, fax: ext. 12, [email protected] • www.cenlibrosecuador.org Diseño gráfico y cubierta: Raúl Yépez Supervisión editorial: Jorge Ortega, Grace Sigüenza Levantamiento de textos: Isabel Pérez, Ana María Canelos Corrección: Fernando Balseca CONTENIDO Esquema general de la Historia del Ecuador Presentación Nota a esta edición ÉPOCA ABORIGEN Periodización de la Época Aborigen La cuestión Los primeros pobladores Sociedades agrícolas incipientes Sociedades agrícolas superiores Sociedades agrícolas supracomunales El Incario ÉPOCA COLONIAL Periodización de la Época Colonial El hecho colonial La conquista La cuestión del “descubrimiento” Conquista de Quito La visión de los vencidos Primer período: Implantación del orden colonial Las guerras civiles Colonización inicial Organización administrativa Segundo período: Auge del orden colonial Mitas y obrajes La sociedad colonial Estado, Iglesia y cultura Recuento del período Tercer período: Redefinición del orden colonial La “crisis” de los 1700 Consolidación del latifundio Recuento del período Fin de la Época Colonial INDEPENDENCIA Y ETAPA COLOMBIANA
    [Show full text]
  • Ecuador's Financial Rollercoaster
    Boom & Bust: Ecuador’s Financial Rollercoaster The Interplay between Finance, Politics and Social Conditions in 20th century Ecuador Pablo R. Izurieta Andrade Copyright © 2015 Vernon Press, an imprint of Vernon Art and Science Inc, on behalf of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Vernon Art and Science Inc. www.vernonpress.com In the Americas: In the rest of the world Vernon Press Vernon Press 1000 N West Street, C/Sancti Espiritu 17, Suite 1200, Wilmington, Malaga, 29006 Delaware 19801 Spain United States Library of Congress Control Number: 2015942450 ISBN: 978-1-62273-470-2 Images used with permission. Product and company names mentioned in this work are the trademarks of their respective owners. While every care has been taken in preparing this work, neither the author nor Vernon Art and Science Inc. may be held responsible for any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in it. Synopsis This work proposes a connection of financial circumstances with major socio-political events in 20th-century Ecuador. It highlights the state of the nation’s economy as a determinant factor in the outcome of events. Throughout the history of Ecuador, the ambivalent evolution of major political and social events such as the stability of serving presidents, coups and war, has had an interesting and direct relationship to the financial environment. If the economy was healthy, did the country also experience stability? If it went into disarray, did the non-financial environment follow? Data collected from the Central Bank of Ecuador, unpublished diplomatic papers, and personal documents from relevant historical figures, as well as from the work of previous historians, indicate a strong effect of financial and economic performance on major political and social events.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Decision Making in Ecuador: the Influence of Business Groups
    POLITICAL DECISION MAKING IN ECUADOR: THE INFLUENCE OF BUSINESS GROUPS By David Parker Hanson A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate Council of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1971 Copyright 1971 David Parker Hanson ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is perhaps uiafortunate that "acknowledgements" have become such a routine part of all dissertations. There should be more meaningful ways to acknowledge with gratitude the help and support of the many people without whom this dissertation would never have been written. Among these people to whom I am deeply in debt are: Professor Alfred Diamant, whose support and encouragement helped make graduate school possible; Professor Manning Dauer, who was perhaps primarily responsible for making graduate school stiniulat- ing and meaningful; and the late Professor Charles D. Farris, v/ho beat into obdurate heads the meanings of scholarship and logical inquiry. To my wife, Barbara, I owe the support, both moral and financial, that got me through. Professor Ruth McQuown's sensible counseling and personal interest navigated inany of us through the shoals of graduate training. The list of people who participated with me in this dissertaition is alinost endless. Professor Tom Page's friendship, support and guidance have been invaluable for all aspects of the project. Ricardo and Noella Levy are more than close friends, they have shown me much of what I have seen of Ecuador. Professor Alfredo Pareja Diezcanseco helped me form a point of view about Latin America iii and gave me a great deal of assistance in doing the specific research for the dissertation.
    [Show full text]