ENGINEERING1 AND1 SCIENCE

PUBLISHED AT THE CALIFO.RMIA INSTITUTE OF TEBHNOLDGY t - Compact industrial television system-developed at RCA Laboratories-lets us see the unseeable in safety! Continue your education with pay-at RCA Graduate Electrical Engineers: RCA Victor-one of the world's foremost manu- facturers of radio and electronic products -offers you opportunity to gain valuable, well-rounded training and experience at a good salary with opportunities for ad- Something's gone wrong in a big blast needed is the Vidicon camera's suitcase- vanccment. Here are only five of the many furnace, and heat is too high for engi- size control cabinet, which operates any- projects which offer unusual promise: a Developn~ent and design of radio re- neers to approach. Focus the Vidicon where on ordinary household current. ceivers (including broadcast, short wave and FM circuits, television, and phono- camera of an RCA Industrial Televi- The Vidicon camera could he lowered graph combinations). sion System on the flames and the fiery under water where divers might be en- Advanced development and design of dangered-or stand watch on atomic reac- AM and FM broadcast transmitters, R-F furnace can be studied in comfort on a induction heating, mobile communications tions, secure from radiations. And it is prac- equipment, relay systems. television receiver. tical to arrange the RCA Industrial Tele- Design of component parts such as coils. loudspeakers, capacitors. This is only one suggested use, for vision system so that observers can see a Development and design of new re- RCA's compact industrial television sys- 3-dimensional picture . . . real as life! cording and producing methods. Design of receiving, power, cathode tem is as flexible as its user's ingenuity. ray, gas and photo tubes. See the latest wonders of radio, television, and elec- IVritf today to National Recruiting Divi- "Eye" of the tiny camera-small enough sion, RCA Victor, Camden, New Jersey. to be held in one hand-is the sensitive tronics in action at RCA Exhibition Hall, 36 West Also many opportunities for Mechanical 49th St, N.Y. Admission is free. Radio Corporation and Chemical Engineers and Physicists. Vidicon tube. The only other equipment of America, Radio City, New fork. Photo by USAF Air Materiel Command

Glass face that can tak

The man you see here can wade into the hot- That question was put to Coming Glass -because of Coming research-you can test part of a gasoline or oil fire and stay to Works, and the answer was a fire fighter's use glass in many ways that you may never put it out. face made of Corning's Vycor Brand 96% have thought of before. He is wearing the latest in fire-fighting silica glass. Throughout industry, Corning means re- dress, developed by the Engineering Divi- Two thin panels of 96% silica glass-the search in glass-research which has made sion Laboratories at Wright-Patterson Air Coming glass that can be heated till it glows glass a material of practically limitless uses. Force Base, in Dayton, Ohio. and then plunged into ice water without That's a good thing to remember when Designing the suit-to protect the wearer breaking-are used to make the visor. And you've finished college and started working. against heat up to 2000Â Fahrenheit-was their inner surfaces are coated with thin, Then, as you plan new products or processes, a tough enough problem for Air Force sci- transparent films of gold. we invite you to call on Corning before the entists. But once they had solved this by This glass transmits cool, visible light, blueprint stage. Corning Glass Works, Cor- using layers of glass fabric, nylon, and metal allowing the fire fighter to see. The gold film ning, New York. foil, the problem presented by the visor for blocks the hot, invisible rays by reflecting the fire-fighting suit was yet to be worked them outward. A small dead-air space be- out. tween the glass panels prevents conduction Was there a material transparent enough of heat through the glass from the hot, to let the fire fighter see, yet fire-resigtant burning gases. and fire-repellent enough to let him face up We hope this special use for Corning's to a 2000Â Fahrenheit blaze? 96% silica glass will remind you that today / THE WATER SEEKERS tions of mathematics. The outcome by Remi A. Nadeau was a vast literature that no philoso- Doubleday, N.Y., $3.00 pher could understand. In an endeavor to bring the mathe- Reviewed by Franklin Thomas maticians and the philosophers with- Professor of Civil Engineering in shouting distance of one another. Dr. Maziarz proposes in Part I1 of FORTUNATELYTHERE ARE delibera- tive agencies and courts which have his book a return to pure metaphys- jurisdiction over rights to water in ics as practiced in the Middle Ages. the arid West. Controversies over Part I is a summary, with hundreds where limited quantities of water of references and excerpts wrenched shall be used and by whom become from their contexts, of the efforts of very acute. mathematicians to understand their You can Mr. Remi A. Nadeau, fifth genera- subject. To the reviewer it seems tion descendant of an early Cali- that the summary is slanted toward fornian, graduate of Stanford, and the author's scholastic bias evident FFORD to use a resident of Santa Monica, has pro- in Part 11. The mathematician who duced a fascinating narrative of hopes for illumination from this crucial events and plans which have part will have to understand numer- largely determined the destiny of ous passages such as the following important areas in the Southwest. on page 195: "Quantity is analogous- world's finest drawing pencil The author recounts the activities of ly divided by metaphysicians into a individuals and happenings related transcendental and predicamental. to the origin and consummation of They point out that transcendental the Owens River Aqueduct and the quantity, a field of metaphysical in- various proj e c t s using Colorado quiry, is used to signify the amount River water to exemplify the tensions of perfection or entiative being and conflicting interests which arise. which a thing possesses. (The author here refers to Saint Thomas Aqui- Why wait until you graduate? The book is an important and factual record based upon very ex- nas, In V Metaphysicorum, Lect. 15, Start using the Drawing Pencil nn. 954-976.) The being of a giraffe, of the Masters today-smooth, tensive research covering an exten- sive bibliography which the author for example, is intrinsically greater free-flowing,grit-freeCASTElL, lists as an additional benefit for his than the being of a stone. Transcen- accurately graded in 18 un- readers. dental quantity, as based on the sub- varyingtones of black,76to9H. Anyone who spends time interest- stantial or accidental perfection of a ingly in a perusal of this book will being-on its amount or plenitude YOUCANAFFORD CASTELL- have increased appreciation for the of perfection-is spoken of as vir- because if outlasts other pen- water which flows freely for his tual quantity, while that based on a cils, hence is more economical. comfort and convenience. consideration of a plurality of such In addition, you get the per- things is spoken of as transcendental quantity or transcendental number." sonal satisfaction of superior THE PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS Not having a copy of the Meta- craftsmanship that only phjsicorum at hand, the reviewer by Edward A. Maziarz, C.P.P.S., CASTELL gives. Unlike ordi- is predicamentally unable at the M.S., Ph.D. nary pencils, CASTELL sharp- moment to decide whether pi Philosophical Library, N.Y., $6.00 ens to a needlepoint without (3.1415926. . .) is a transcendental Reviewed by E. T. Bell number or a giraffe. , breaking. Professor of Mathematics INTERNAL BALLISTICS Ask for CASTELL at your book OR ABOUT 2400 YEARS philoso- OF SOLID-FUEL ROCKETS siore. Don't allow yourself to phers from Pythagoras to Kant tried be talked into using a substi- to tell mathematicians what mathe- by R. N. Wirnpress tute. CASTELL is a life-time matics is really about. Then, in McGraw-Hill, N.Y., $4.50 habit for up-and-coming Engi- 1854, George Boole published his IRST OF A TWO-VOLUME series on neers. Laws of Thought, the effective be- ginning of symbolic logic. By 1895, rockets from the California Institute with the work of the Italian School of Technology, this book carries the of symbolic logic, it at last became subtitle: Military Rockets Using possible to state the basic problems Dry-Processed Double-Base Propel- of the so-called philosophy of mathe- lant As Fuel. It has been compiled matics in a clear and unambiguous by R. N. Wimpress, now associated form. In the succeeding half cen- with Industrial Engineers, Inc., and tury the English, German, and Amer- a former member of the Propellants ican schools of symbolic logic Group of the rocket development created subtle and penetrating tech- organization working under Contract niques for investigating the founda- CONTINUED ON PAGE 4 SOCONY-VACUUM OIL COMPANY, INC., and Affiliates: MAGNOLIA PETROLEUMCOMPANY GENERAL PETROLEUM CORPORATION on the three great groups of viruses Amrine knows what he is talking -those which attack animals, plants about here, as he was publications and bacteria. The book has been director of the Federation of Amer- OEMsr-418 between the California edited by Dr. Max Delbruck, Pro- ican Scientists. If he himself did Institute and the Office of Scientific fessor of Biology at the Institute, not provide a Roman holiday for Research and Development. who warns readers in a foreword the Senate committee, he evidently The material presented here is not to expect to find a comprehensive knew somebody who did. Likewise based almost entirely upon the ac- coverage of all virus problems here. for Halverson's tangles with the tivities of the group who worked He does not add, however, that this military and the F.B.I. Finally, with rockets at Caltech during 1941- is as close to a comprehensive cover- under various pressures, moral and 45, and Dr. Bruce H. Sage, Professor age of virus problems as any inter- otherwise, Halverson is sucked in of Chemical Engineering at the In- ested reader will yet find - and as again, this time for army research stitute, and one of the supervisors such, invaluable. on a Super-killer. There the story of the Propellants Group, contrib- leaves him, with both feet in the utes an introduction to the volume SECRET quicksands from which there is no which points up the achievements of by Michael Amrine escape. some of the Institute personnel who Houghton Mifflin, Boston, $3.00 It is clear that Amrine does not particularly care for colonels, gen- worked on the project. Reviewed by Bell E. T. erals, senators, and F.B.I. agents in The information in this book has Professor of Mathematics been available up to now only in their relations with science. This unpublished reports. MANYREADERS OF THIS MAGAZINE goes for some others, too. Even our will be personally familiar with one benign eldest statesman is dismissed VIRUSES 1950 phase or another of the situation as one of "the grand and archaic Edited by M. Delbruck Amrine describes in his novel. The Baruchs". But it was rather unkind hero, Halverson, a specialist in the to include Senator Rankin in the Division of Biology, California same sentence. Institute of Technology, $2.50 applications of radiation to cancer, early got sucked into the atomic Readers looking for salvation will VIRUSES1950 consists of the pro- bomb project. When the war ended ask what is to be done about the ceedings of the conference held at he returned to his own research, only situation if we don't like it. What the Institute last spring (E & S, to become embroiled in the futile does a pint-sized wrestler do when April '50), which brought together attempt to get atomic energy under three hundred pounds of solid meat for the first time scientists working civilian control. is sitting on his head?

Buying a home is serious business for every family. Nine times in ten, the decision is made only after careful consideration of a variety of points. The home's worth depends on what it looks like, what it costs, how it is built, and where.

Ideas differ widely on beauty, cost and location-but comfort is on everyone's list. That is why Adequate Wiring is a "must" for home value these days, when so much living comfort is provided by electric service. Circuits, outlets and switches cost so little and mean so much. They add comfort to every style of home, in every location. So whatever a home's value by other measurements, Adequate Wiring makes it worth more.

Southern California Edison Company ENGINEERIN

OCTOBER 1950 VOLUME XIV NUMBER 1

PUBLISHED AT THE CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Books In This Issue Radioisotopes in Industry These new research tools hove already revolutionized research in the biological sciences. Now they threaten to do the same in industry. by Jerome Kohl Biologists Hit the Beach ON THE COVER Summer session at the C~ronaMarine Lab On the cover this month is a night Caricatures of Men of Science shot of the newest building on campus by E. C. Watson -the Engineering Building, which ad- joins the M.E. Building and faces the 25,000-Year-Old Horse Aeronautics Building. It will probably A horse from the Ice-'4ge mulces a return have its formal dedication sometime in trip to hlexico November; meanwhile, you'll find some . by Chester Stock details about it on page 19. ~one'~an William V. Otto, Sculptor and Preparator RADIOISOTOPES in the Division of the Geological Sciences Yerome Kohl, author of "Radioiso- topes in Industry," which appears on The Summer at Caltech page 7 of this issue, received his B.S. from Caltech in 1940. He's now a Alumni News Chemical Engineer with Tracerlab, Inc. in Berkeley - which means he's in a Alumni Fund good position to know about new uses Report of the Third Year, 1949-50 of radioisotopes in industry, engineer- Personals ing and agriculture. You'll find some of this information in his comprehen- sive article. Incidentally, Mr. Kohl sent in an A-1 bibliography for this article, which STAFF we weren't able to include in this issue. We have copies of the bibliography Pz~blish,er...... Harry K. Farrar '27 here in the office though. If you want Editor and Business h4anager ...... Edward Hutchings, Jr. one, give us a call or send us a card Student News ...... Robert Madden '51 and we'll get it off to you promptly. Sta8 Photographers ...... Wm. V. '51, Charles Davies '53 ...... Continued on page 6 Editorial Consultant Professor of English George R. MacMinn

PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE

Chairm,an...... Harry K, Farrar '27 PICTURE CREDITS tllembers ...... Richard H. Jahns '35, Martin H. Webster '37 Cover Wrn. V, Wright Published monthly, October through 'June, at the California Institute of Tech- P- 6 Wm. V. Wright nology, 1201 East calilornia 'St., Pasadena 4, Calif., for the undergraduat~s, p. 10 Cal-Pictures graduate students and alumni of the Institute. Annuak subscription $3.00, pps. 12-14 Wm. V. Wright single copies 35 cents. Entered as second class matter at the ,Post Office at p. 17 (bottom) 1. A. County Museum Pasadena, California, on September 6, 1939, under the act of 'March 3, 1879. p. 18 Wm. V. Wright All Publisher's Rights Reserved. Reproduction of materia1 contained herein p. 24 Maurice Terrell for Flair forbidden without written authorization. OCTOBER, 195Q A poet, name of Carman (appropriate family: the new Los Angeles- for this railroad column, no? ) , once ob- New Orleans Samset Limited, served that October is a month that sets and the new San Francisco- the gypsy blood astir. As far as we're Portland overnight Cascade. concerned, that's all the justification With the inauguration of these two needed for hying away on a fall vaca- trains-just a wick apart, back in Au- tion . . .via Southern Pacific, naturally. gust-we climaxed a gigantic $35,000,- However, if you find yourself in need 000 passenger equipment moderniz- of "convincers" for someone of dully tion program that was set up even be- practical turn of mind, consider this fore the end of the war. Little by little, quartet of reasons: we've built up our fleet of speedliners Otto I. BEAUTY. Indian summer is the most . . . new cars for the City of Sun Fran- the delightful time of year along Southern ci~coand Owedand, a whole new MR. BONES Pacific lines all over the West. In the Golden Staie, a brand-new Shasta Day With the short article on page 18 about the life and hard work of Bill Sierra, leaves are turning to magnificent light, a new Cascade, a new Smzser. East or West on S.P lines, you can go by Otto, Sculptor and Preparator in the colors. On the coast. the ocean is still Geology Division, E & S begins what warm for swimming. In the valleys, the streamliner.. . and vou can see the whole Pacific Coast by our low-cost stream- we hope will be a continuing series on frost may be on the pumpkin at night, the people who make up Caltech. In but there is laziness in the sunlit air all lined Daylights: two California Day- fact the only thing that can now stop day. light~between Los Angeles and San this from being a continuing series is Francisco, and the Shasta Daylight, be- 11. ECONOMY. It isn't peak winte~va- your boredom. Just let us know if this tween San Francisco and Portland. cation season yet in places like Arizona's set9 in. resort count~y-and the other romantic So now, whichever way your fancy CORONA stretches of the Southwest along S.Ps takes you, there's an S.l? route with fine Of all the pictures we were sorry we Sunset Route. The climate in the fall is streamlined trains to speed you on your couldn't crowd into the spread on the mild and balmy. The summereheat is way. This year, make Indian summer a Marine Lab on pages 12 to 14, the one over. So go before the rush. Many re- memorable one: go places.. . and go S.P we were sorriest about is crowded in sorts and guest ranches offer reduced below-it's Dr. Beadle, head of the his rates for the next couple of months. Now, to anether timely subject: Division of Biology, with collection of marine specimens. Also, as it is past the summer season, namely, football. A peek at the Pacific you stand a good chance to get a special Coast collegiate pigskin schedule rate at summer resorts all over the West, reveals the following: November 4, too. Fall's the time for economy.. . but Southern California plays Stanford at time is fleeting. Pa10 Alto; November 11, U.C.L.A. plays California at Berkeley. So-with small Ill. COMFORT. This time of year, you fear of contradiction-we predict that have mcre elbowroom in which to re- hordes of Trojans and Bruins will be lax, and there is just as much (or even San Francisco-bound on those up-com- more) of nature to enjoy. ing, successive week ends. IV. RESERVATIONS. With the crush The punishment some people take on of summer vacation over, not only are such week ends-needlessly-passeth un- resort and hotel accommodations more derstanding. They drive 400-odd miles available, but your choice of space on non-stop, overturn San Francisco, then our finest, fastest trains is also greater. drive all the way back-arriving home And.. , one final thing to keep in looking and feeling like a fraternity mind (as if we've given you the slight- pledge class at the end of an "informal est chance to forget it during these past initiation:' few months) . . . That's why, as alumni advisors, we S.F? has just added two new, say "Next Time, Try the Train". . . relax, sleek, smart streamliners to the take it easy, let the engineer drive you.

SePthe friend1 Beadle Volume XIV ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE October, 1950

Radioisotopes have already revolutionized research in the biological sciences. Now they threaten to do the same in industry

by JEROME KOHL

TODAY,ONLY FOUR YEARS AFTER the first shipment of to plants. Products formed at varying times after intro- pile-produced radioactive materials from the Oak Ridge duction of the radioactive carbon dioxide are determined Laboratory of the Atomic Energy Commission, some by analysis of the plant structure. Presence of the 12,000 shipments of radioactive isotopes have gone out radioactive carbon-14 in any particular compound pro- to more than 750 government, private and industrial vides proof that it was formed from the radioactive laboratories for use in peacetime research. carbon-14 and in the period follo~vingits administration. More than 450 shipments of radioisotopes leave the Since radiations from individual atoms can be Oak Ridge Laboratory each month. They go to a11 the measured, radioisotopes make possible the detection of countries of the world, for use in all the major fields of minute quantities of materials. For example, in friction scientific investigation, and for applications in medicine, tests, use of an activated sample permits determining agriculture and industry as weli. the amount of metal transferred, even though this metal The British physicist Frederick Soddy, in 1910, first weighs under lO-l0 grams. Radioactive sodium has applied the term isotope-from the Greek isos (same) been detected in amounts below 4 x 10-19 grams. and topos (place)-to substances with different atomic The radiations emitted by radioisotopes are in some wrights which nevertheless had identical chemical prop- cases extremely pentrating. Thus the tagged compound erties and occupied the same place in the periodic table or object can be located at a distance or even through of elements. a steel wall. A burrowing animal, tagged with a small For example, caaon, as found naturally, consists of capsule containing a radioisotope of zinc or cobalt, two isotopes of atomic weights of 12 and 13. Carbon-12 can be followed as it moves beneath the ground. Go- is stable and comprises 98.9% of all natural carbon. devils, which are used for cleaning pipelines, can be Carbon-13 is also stable and comprises the remaining tagged with a radioisotope permitting their location 1.1%. Besides these two naturally occurring stable iso- through the pipe wall. topes, radioisotopes of carbon can be produced with Radioisotopes are also useful as sources of radiation. atomic weights of 10, 11, and 14. Carbon-10 has a The alpha particles emitted by radioisotopes such as half-life of 20 seconds (in other words, half the radio- bismuth-210, ionize air and can be used for static dissi- active atoms will have disintegrated in that length of pation. Beta particles, such as are emitted by strontium- time). It emits a positron and becomes boron-10. 90, are used in thickness gauges; in this application, the Carbon-11 has a half-life of 20.5 minutes. It becomes attenuation of these beta particles by the material to be boron-11 after emitting a positron. And the carbon-14, measured provides an indication of its weight per unit with a half-life of 5,100 years, forms nitrogen-14 with area. Gamma rays, such as are emitted by cobalt-60, the emission of a beta particJe. are used for treatment of cancer and for industrial Radioisotopes are useful because, while exhibiting radiography. the same chemical behavior as the stable isotopes of Progress in the use of radioisotopes was slow until the same atomic number, they can be differentiated and the chain-reacting piles were constructed during the located by their emitted radiation. In studying com- recent war. For workers in the 1920's only the naturally pounds formed during photosynthesis, for instance, car- occurring radioisotopes were available. bon dioxide containing the radioactive carbon-14 is fed The develop~nent of the cyclotron in the mid-30's made it possible to,produce radioisotopes of many of the action are inserted in Y4?'-diameter x 3" long aluminum elements-but at enormous expense and on an infinitesi- cylinders. These cylinders are then placed in a graphite mal scale. The uranium chain-reactors, since the war, block or "stringer," which is pushed into the interior have increased the available supply of radioisotopes by of the pile and irradiated by neutrons for a given period. a factor of several thousand over those available from The target material can comprise an element or com- natural sources, cyclotrons and other accelerators. They pound or even a fabricated article, such as a piston have also greatly reduced the cost of radioactive mater- ring or corrosion specimen. When a fabricated article ials. A single millicurie of carbon-14 in a is irradiated, the activity is produced directly within the cyclotron would cost $1,000,000; the same amount pro- article. TKis makes the production of equipment or duced in the Oak Ridge Reactor is sold for $50. specimens from radioactive components unnecessary. There are now more than 700 known radioisotopes. In the neutron capture or (n-gamma) reaction, a More than 100 of these are available from the IJnited neutron is absorbed by a target atom and a gamma States Atomic Energy Commission. But most of the p!ioton is emitted. This reaction produces radioisotopes interest and the applications have centered on the nine which are isotopic ~%iththe target element. Thus, irradia- elements listed in the table below. tion of stable sodium-23 results in the production by the (n,gamma) reaction of radioactive sodium-24. Pile Production of Radioisotopes Less common neutron absorption reactions are the In a pile, radioisotopes are produced by two basic transmutation reactions, such as the (n,proton) or phenomena: (1) the fission of the uranium fuel; and (n.alpha), In the first of these, a neutron is absorbed by (2) the absorption of neutrons by non-fissionable a target atom and a proton ejected. In the second, a elements. neutron is absorbed and an alpha particle ejected. Both When uranium fissions, it breaks into rad~oactive of these transmutation reactions result in the production fragments called fission products. These products range of radioisotopes which are chemically different from in atomic number from element-30 to element.64. In the target atoms. In this case, the radioactive atoms can processing fuel that has been removed from the reactor, be separated as a carrier-free product. The (n,p) re- certain of the fission products are recovered either as action in the pile results in good yields of carbon-14, elements or in groups. phosphorus-32, and sulfur-35, and small yields of While nuclear fission results in *the produc~ion of iron-59. The (n,alpha) reaction produces hydrogen-3 many radioactive elements? the neutron capture ~eaction and argon-37. is the principal isotope producer. Normally, in the The Atomic Energy Commission has set up certain Oak Ridge pile, target materials for the capture re- prerequisites for the procurement of radioisotopes. The

COMMONILY USED RARIQISQTOPES

-. No. of Shipments Energy of Emitted Isotope from Oak IRidge Half-life :Radiation in MEV Cost of Minimum to 6-30-50 Beta Gamma - Shipment IODINE- 13 1 8 Days .595 .367 $1 .OO/MC carrier free .687 .080

PHOSPHORUS-32 3,810 14.3 Days 1.70 -. $1 -1O/MC C.F. SODIUM-24 600 14.3 Hours 1.4 1.4 $12.00/15 MC CARBON- 1 4 586 5100 Years 0.1 5 $36.00/MC SULFUR-35 270 87.1 Days 0.17

CALCIUM-45 192 180 Days .25 $33.00/3.0 MC POTASSIUM-42 195 12.4 Hours 2.0 1.4, 2.1 $1 2.00/125 MC 3.6 1.5 5.3 Years .3 1.16 $50.00/1 st CURIE 1.30 $5.O0/Add1l CURIE 165 46.3 Days -26 1 .I $33.00/MC .46 1.3

NOTES: (1 ) MC = Millicurie. In ttis table defined as 3.7 x 107 disintegrations per second. (2) Carrier Free = Represents pure radioisotope not diluted with stable isotope of the same chemical sl~ecies. (31 A handling charge of $10.00 is made for each shipment. first, which covers equipment? requires that isotope users have available suitable counting and monitoring equip- ment, such as: 1 Scaler with Register and Timer 1 Tube Mount 2 G-M Tubes Calibrated Source 1 Laboratory Monitor (G-M Tube) 1 Portable Radiation Survey Meter (Ionization Chamber) Lead Bricks and Containers Minometers, Film Badges, Planchets

The second prerequisite covers training of technical personnel. The Atomic Energy Commission requires ilfonitoring a ~hfpn7entdj barium-140 from Oak Ridge that a recipient of radioactive materials have obtained technique for a different p~oblem. it has tagged queen training and experience in their use in a laboratory bees so as to cause the queen to operate swarming employing radioisotopes, or have associated with him alarms. .kctivation of the alarm closes the hive exits an individual so experienced. This training can he and warns the bee-keeper. He can then pide the bees secured at the Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies to 3 new hive, in a 4-week training course, or by an intensive course The Physical Research Division of the Eli Lilly at one of the commercial radiochemical laboratories. Company of Indianapolis, Indiana- reports that it is Medical Applications planning to tag ground moles with small quantities of radiocobalt in order to find out where they burrow, Medical workers have been in the forefront in using the distances they tlavel, and their general movement this new research tool-and 38% of the 1850 applica- tions listed in the AEC's Summary of Isotope Distribu- habits. tions cover applications pertaining to medicine and The feasibility of detecting very small quantities of a radioisotope makes it an ideal tool for cleansing biojogy. Phosphorus-32 is used to define brain tumors, utiliz- action studies. J. C. Harris. R. E. Kamp, and W. N. Yanko incorporated carbon-14 in N,N-di-n-butyl steara- ing the discovery that radioactive phosphorus concen- mide, which is soluble in hydrocarbon oils. Test pans trates in brain tumors in a ratio of 5 to 100 times the concentration in normal brain tissue. Iron-59 has been were dipped in oil containing the active compound and used to trace the distribution of iron through the organs were then cleaned with various solvents, detergents, and and bodies of anemic rats in a fundamental attack on rinses. The quantity of "soil" adhering to the metal following the cleanifig cycle was determined by counting the causes of anemia. Iodine-131 is used in the treat- ment of certain thyroid disorders. Cobalt-60 is being with a Geiger counter. used widely in place of radium for the treatment of Calibration of the technique was obtained by count- cancer. ing a weighed amount of oil applied to a metal panel. The use of radioactive carbon permitted determination Industrial Applications of quantities of ''soil'' below 2 x 10-7 grams per sq. cm., Industrial and engineering applications of radioiso- as compared with a maximum usual sensitivity by the topes are steadily increasing. The follo~vingexamples gravimetric technique of 1 x 10-4 grams per sq. cm. cover some typical uses by industry and agriculture. C. N. Birchenall and R. F. MehI studied the rate of The feasibility of detecting radiation at a distance sejf-diffusion of iron in alpha and gamma iron by plat- from the source has resulted in a number of interesting ing iron.59 on test specimens which were subjected to applications. At Cornell University D. R. Griffin, various heat treatments and then counted. Pleasurement Professor of Zoology, has used radioactive materials in of the rate of change of the surface count permitted homing experiments with wild birds. The technique is caIculation of diffusion rateq. to catch a bird at its nest, fasten a small capsule con- In studying the rate of diffusion of silver in silver taining from 1 to 10 microcuries of zinc-65 to its leg the General Electric Company has plated silver-110 on (not enough to harm the bird), carry the bird a known on the surface of a stable silver block, subjected the distance from its nest, and release it. A radiation de- specimen to various heat treatments, and then shaved tection instrument hooked up to a clock or strip-chart thin layers from the block for measurement of activity. recorder iridicates the proximity of the bird and its Calcium-45 has been used in the form of bicarbonate time of arrival at the nest. for studying the absorption and exchange of calcium The Apis Engineering Company has used a similar during the washing of cotton s~vatchesin the laboratory mitted calculation of the water circulation rate. Even prior to the availability of the pile-produced radioisotopes, researchers at M. I. T. had been studying friction phenomena, using cyclotron-produced radio- isotopes. In their early experiments, a copper-beryllium block was irradiated in the M. I. T. cyclotron, forming zinc-63 and copper-64. Test riders were then moved under controlled conditions over the activated surface and the quantity of transferred matter was determined by use of a Geiger counter. The effects of lubrication, load, and speed of movement were invesigated by this radioactive tracer method, which permitted detection of quantities of material as small as grams. In a more recent study. pile-produced radiochromium was plated on a piston ring. The ring was then installed in a test engine for study of wear under normal operat- ing conditions. The distribution of transferred chrom- ium was determined by autoradiographing the cylinder liner. The pile irradiation technique has been used to study wear rate in an internal combustion test engine as a function of type of fuel, properties of lubricant, and jacket water temperature. The usual practice in conduct- ing engine wear tests is to assemble the test engine with Radioactive piston ring is removed from storage con- tainer for engine ween tests at California Research Corp. carefully weighed and measured components, operate the engine for a certain period, disassemble the engine of the General Aniline and Film Corporation. In the tests, for inspection and weighing of parts, reassemble, and actual conditions encountered in hard-water launderings continue. In some tests, the engine is disassembled were closely simulated. Labeled bicarbonate water cor- several times during the run. The California Research responding to a hardness of 300 parts per million based Corporation used a piston ring which had been irradi- on calcium carbonate was used. The calcium uptake ated in the Oak Ridge pile to provide a continuous was measured by placing the cotton swatches in a special measurement of the rate of wear of the ring without sample holder, which exposed a definite area to a thin- requiring disassembling the engine. In the actual test, window G-M tube. Calibration showed that calcium the rate of wear was measured by use of a dip counter concentrations as low as 2 micrograms per gram ofi immersed in the circulation lube oil. A correlation be- cotton can be detected readily in this manner. tween counts per minute and weight of abraded material Because the penetrating nature of gamma radiation was obtained by counting a weighed amount of the permits its detection through pipe walls; barium-140 metal. (a gamma emitter) has been used by Standard Oil of California to follow interfaces in oil pipelines. Ten mil- licuries of barium-I40 were converted to an oil soluble Agricultural Applications barium soap and dissolved in a small quantity of oil. The ability to locate individual radioactive atoms and Aliquots containing 1 me. each were injected into the to differentiate these atoms from chemically similar pipeline at the time a stock change was made. Injection stable atoms has resulted in a widespread use of radio- was accomplished by use of a compressed air cylinder. isotopes for agricultural research. R. N. Colwell studied Travel of the interface was followed with a portable the drift of Coulter pine pollen by soaking the pollen in G-M counter. Location of this interface permitted tank- a water solution of NaaHP04 using phosphorus-32. The age switching at the pipeline terminal at the optimum rate of fall of the treated dry pollen proved to be the time. The technique also provided data on the degree of same as for that of untreated pollen. A calibration was intermixing of materials pumped in the pipeline. obtained by counting a measured number of pollen. The The ability to detect small quantities of a radio- labeled pollen was released in the field under conditions isotope permits its determination even when it is greatly simulating its normal release from the tree. Later the diluted. S. Karrer, D. B. Cowie, and P. L. Betz took pollen was collected along various radii from the point advantage of this dilution potential and injected sodium- of release. Collections were made in petri dishes or by 24 as sodium chloride at a constant rate into the suction use of a vacuum cleaner. Use of photographic film in of a condenser water pump. Samples taken downstream contact with the filters of the vacuum cleaner permitted from the condenser were analyzed for radioactivity locating individual radioactive pollen grains. In an content by use of a dip counter. The measured dilution, experiment using 10 me. of P-32 (which costs about plus knowledge of the input rate of the activity, per- 5.00), some 10 billion pollen grains were activated. In a similar experiment by John C. Bugher and Mar- beta radiations such as are emitted by yttrium-90 and jorie Taylor, mosquitoes were grown in a medium con- rhodium-106 can be used fur thickness nleasurement. taining phosphorus-32 and strontium-89. In field experi- The Beta Gauge comprises a radioactive source, which ments, radioactive mosquitoes were released and catches is located under the material to be measured, and a made at a series of stations placed around the compass receiver, such as an ionization chamber, which is and at various distances from the release point. The mounted directly over the source. The material to be experiments indicated that the mosquitoes were dis- measured passes between the source and the receiver and tributed largely by wind drift, rather than by their acts as an absorber for the beta rays. own flight. The Beta Gauge is truly a weight gauge, since the Radioisotopes are ideally suited as tools for the absorption of beta particles is a function of weight of investigations of fertilizers. Important plant nutrients, absorber per unit area rather than thickness. Beta such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, postassium, copper, Gauges of the absorption type can be used for measuring sodium, sulfur, and zinc are available as radioisotopes the weight per unit area of materials such as paperboard, from the Atomic Energy Commission. These elements roofing felt, plastic sheet, or itluminum sheet. can be incorporated in fertilizers and applied to the soil to determine the effect on plant utilization of ferti- Thickness Applications lizer composition or the method of application. Plant up- take of the activated fertilizer can be readily measured Where access is available to only one side of a sheet, and can be distinguished from uptake of the same com- or where very ihin materials or coatings are to be pound already present in the soil. The United States measured, a backscattering technique can be used. When Department of Agriculture in Beltsville, Maryland, has beta particles from a radioisotope impinge on a solid studied a number of fertilizers in this manner. material, the direction of travel of a certain proportion X-ray gauges have been used for the past several of the impinging particles is changed. The magnitude years in steel mills for measurement of the total thick- of this effect is determined by the density of electrons ness of the steel. The gauges comprise an X-ray source in the solid material. Thus, the technique can be used and some type of radiation-measuring receiver, to measure the thickness of a plastic sheet as it passes For materials weighing under 1 gram per sq. cm. over a steel roll or the thickness of tin plate applied (0.050 inches of steel or 0.166 inches of aluminum). to steel sheet. Another interesting thickness application is the measurement of water content of the snow pack by the use of radioactive materials. This work is being carried on as the Cooperative Snow Investigations of the United States Department of Commerce. Weather Bureau, fi- nanced by the United States Army Corps of Engineers. In this studv, radioactive cobalt-60 is located on the ground, while the receiver is located on a post above the activity. rransmittine; equipment iii used to send data regarding the weight of the snow pack to a central laboratory. Radium has been widely used since the First World War for radiography of castings and welds. Radium currently costs approximately 20,000 a curie; cobalt-60 is now available from the atomic Energy Commission at $50.00 the first curie and 5.00 a curie thereafter. The gamma radiations emitted by the cobalt-60 are very aimilar in energy to those emitted by the much more expensive radium. In addition to having the price advantage, cobalt-60 is free trom the health hazard resulting from the emission of gaiieous radon bv radium. Accurate radiographv requires compact sources. Cobalt- 60 is now available in the form of irradiated wire. with a specific activity in curies per cubic cm. greater than that available from the presentiv used radium com- pounds. It is obviously impossible to detail the hundreds of uses of isotopes. This cross-section sampling, how- pver, should pve Gome ~ndication of the sensitivity. Workers at California Research Corp. monitor a versatility. performance ~ndpromise of this revolution- pipeline to detect presence of radioactive material ary new research tool. Summer Session at the Marine Lab

BETWEENTHE SOPHOMORE and junior years, students taking the Biology option at Caltech find themselves in the not-unpleasant position of having to spend six summer weeks at the Kerckhoff Marine Biological Lab- oratory in Corona Del Mar. Though the chief purpose of this trip is the study of zoology-and, sure enough, a good deal of zoology gets studied-the fact remains that the Marine Lab is remarkably handy to the beach, the water and the sun. What little spare time was left to the 18 students who took the Marine Lab course this summer was taken up by various reconstruction and renovation projects on the 23-year-old lab building. For their efforts the students received credit against their living expenses. They did their own marketing and cooking this year too, and managed to keep food costs down to less than $1 per day per man-possibly the most impressive Bringing up a specimen-or possibly even a dinner accomplishment of the whole project.

On the dark side-a healthful and invigorating specimen-collecting trip at five (5) in the morning. 1 Above: In the lab itself znformal dress was the rule.

Left: \lost exotic collection technique at the lab involved the use of this Man-from-Mars underwater outfit.

Below: Specimens. kept in small aquaria in the lab, in- cluded nearly a hundred active, adolescent octopi.

CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE CONTINUED

Student cooks worked in shifts Meals were a1 fresco-and every man for himself

Stanford Professor Arthur C. Ciese, instructor of the summer course, gets in on a difficult dissection problem. 14 OF MEN

by E. C. WATSON

LIKEA GOOD MANY OTHER Victorian men of science, George Biddell Airy (1801-1892), eminent British astronomer, did outstanding work in several fields. Particularly in his younger years, his contributions to mathematics and physics were as impressive as those in astronomy. His work on the theory of light, which in 1831 won him the Copley medal of the Royal Society, and his researches on the mean density of the earth were especially noteworthy. The Vanity Fair caricature of Airy which is repro- duced on this page appeared in the magazine on Novem- ber 13, 1875, accompanied by the following account: "We have among us in the various departments of Science some truly great men whose names will live in their work to many future ages; and of these is Sir George Airy. Born in Northumberland four-and-seventy years ago with a splendid intellect but to no inheritance, he has made of himself, by an unremitting course of labour of the most trying kind, what he is-one of the glories of his country. Sir George Biddell Airy "Not without difficulty he succeeded at eighteen in entering Trinity College, Cambridge. He came out named a man who has done so much and such wearing Senior Wrangler, was elected Lucasian Professor at work as he. He superintends the compilation of the twenty-five, and at once proceeded to deliver a most Nautical Almanack, he is appealed to on all questions remarkable series of lectures on Experimental Philoso- of boundary, he rates chronometers. and corrects com- phy, in which he fully developed for the first time the passes, and withal he finds time to organise expeditions, undulatory theory of Light. to start new theories in optic%, and to contribute mahy "At twenty-seven he was elected Plumian Professor, papers to the public preFs. and now he took charge of the Cambridge Observatory, "A sober, steady man, with an immense capacity for and devoted himself with all his rare powers to astron- and delight in labour, his life has been spent where his omy. The best mathematician of his time, and with a work lies, on Greenwich Hill, arid he is little known to natural turn besides for the more delicate forms of Society; yet he is still young, he knows almost every mechanics, he at once began to revolutionize all the thing, and his accomplishments and simplicity render astronomical calculations. and to perfect the observa- him the most charming of companions. It is remarkable tions by adapting to them every modern resource of the proof of the estimation in which men of the highest mechanical arts; and at thirty-four he was taken into worth are held in England, that at seventy Sir George official recognition by receiving in the post of ktrono- was made a Companion and at two-and-seventy a Knight mer-Roval one of those few appointments which must Commander of the Bath. Perhaps some day, when he even in these times be given solely for abilitv and has performed as great service to his country as Prince aptitude. Leiningen and Sir John Pakington, he will be admitted "In this capacity he has 3erved the State and the with them to the honour of the Grand Cross, which ~vill Science like the enthusiast that he is, rior could there he nevertheless make him no greater a man than he is."

One of (2 series of articles devoted to reproductzons of prznts, drawings and paintzngs of fnf~restin the hictory of science- drawn /ram the /amous collection of E. C. Watson, Professor of Physir~and Dem of the Furulfy ot the California Institute 15 p AR-OLD HORSE

The skeleton of an Ice Age horse makes a return trip to Mexico

by CHESTER STOCK

N RECENT lEAR5 FIE1,D PARTIES of the Institute's Divi- finally, the available fossil material of this species of sion of the Geolog~calScienres ha%r been conducting a horse was sufficiently con~pleteto permit the construc- series of paleontolog~cal invest~gations in southern tion of an articulated skeleton illustrating its diagnostic Nueko Leon. Mexico E 8. S, Sept. -43, Feb. -48). There, skull and skeletal characters. in the cave of San Josecito, they have uncovered deposits Until the discovery of the fossil specimens at San which probably furn~shthe most satisfactory informa- Josecito Cave, horses of the Pleistocene or Ice Age in tion we have of the vertebrate life of the Ice Age in Mexico were known only by fragmentary remains. The Mexico. presence of several species had been recognized, but Viihile the field work has continued, research has also determination was limited to the characters indicated by progressed with indi~idualmembers of the Pleistocene isolated teeth or jaw fragments. assemblage of mammals and birds from that locality. One of the earliest records was that made by the The composite skeleton of the Mexican horse illus- distinguished British comparative anatomist? Sir Richard trated on page 17 was recently prepared and mounted Owen, who in 1869 described two halves of a palate in the laboratories of Caltech's Division of the Geologi- with the cheek-teeth on either side which had been found cal Sciences. 111 anticipation of presenting the paleonto- logical material to the valuable collection of native fossil specimens on exhibit at the Instituto Geologico National, a second horse skeleton, reconstructed at the California Institute, was taken by truck in early spring of this year to Mexico City. This horse \vas chosen for special study and for presentation to the Mex~canInstitute for several reasons. First, it furnishes information on a group of animals thah has played an important part in the history and economy of Mexico--and still doc^ Secondly, home forerunners of the li\ing forms are already known, at least from later geological formation3 in Mexico. And

This picture 01 fossil specimcr~sin .5~nJosecito Cove gives sonze indication of the job of selection, sorting and working out of n7uteriuL that fac~sthe paleon~ologist in the field. After /ossil bones have been worked out and cleaned, the next step is to dry them out near a fire. These are horse bones being dried out in Sun Josecito Cave. in depohits exposed in the Valley of blexico. To this type of horse he applied the name Equu~conversider~s. lt would appear that some of the characters on which the mammal was once considered as distinct can no longel be relied upon, but in the large series of speci- mens referred to as E. contersiden~the an~malfrom San Josecito Cave appears to be most closely related to Owen's species from the Valley of Mexico. It is now possible on the basis of the amount of fossil material available to give a full statement con- cerning the ~~~orphologicalblructure that this creatttre possessed whereby it differed distinctly from other Pleistocene horses of North America. The picture below shows in hide view a skeleton of Burchell zebra. In certain details of the enamel pattern the Mexican horse, permitting for the first tlme recogni- of the cheek-teeth (regarded by some students of fossil tion of the size and proportions of the animal. ln atage equines as significant from the standpoint of expressing of evolution (as exp~essed.for example, in the structure zebrine relationships) the Mexican horse may be con- of its feet and teeth) the Pleistocene horse is close to its sidered as resembling the zebras. modern descendant. The distinctness of the form, with The very small hoofs are also like those of the zebra. reference to fossil horses known from other Pleistocene However, on the basis of the proportions of its skeletal horizons in North America, can be appreciated by a parts and of the skull the Iblexican horse deviates from comparison of the Mexican horse with that of the both Equus burchelli and E. przei~:alskii. characteristic horse from the Pleistocene asphalt beds of The direct association of the California Institute in Rancho La Brea, California, right. below. Not only is the furtherance of the paleontological activities of the the Mexican horse considerably smaller, but the propor- Mexican Geological Institute is an expression of the tions of the skull and skeleton are different. desire to cooperate in the study of common problems The San Josecito horse may be likened in general size in the fields of education and science of special interest to the living Mongolian wild horse and the African to Mexican and American students.

Skeleton in 5ide view of a horse from the Pleistocene deposits of San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico- known as Equus cor~versidensLeoni Stock. Note the rela- tion in size and differences in skeletal characters when compared with the Rancho La Brea specimen below.

Skeleton in side view of a characteristic horse from the Pleistocene asphalt deposits of Rancho La Brea, Cali- fornia-known as Equus occidentaLis Leidy. Note the relative size of the animal with regard to that of the Mexican horse above. Some notes on the life and hard work of Bill Otto, Sculptor and Preparator in the Geology Division

ILLIAM V. OTTO IS the man who did the actual re- co~lstructionjob on the skeleton of the prehistoric horse described on the preceding pages. In fact. he's respon- sible for the whole awesome assemblage of skeletons which are on display in the halls of the geology build- ings-from the 29-foot prehistoric sea serpent down to the 2-foot horse. The first thing everyone asks Bill Otto is how long William F'. Otto, Sculptor and Preparator in the Division it takes him to put a skeleton together. And one reason of Geological Sciences, assembles a giant ground sloth he hesitates in his answer is that he's never had time to see a job straight through since he'5 been here. He inlariably keeps three or four things rolling at once. The second question everyone invariably asks Bill Right now, for example, he is (1) building a mount Otto is how he happened to get into this racket anyway. on which to assemble a skeleton of a giant ground sloth, That's easily answered too. (2) making casts of the brains of a mastodon and a He was born in Frankfurt, Germany, and came to this prehistoric bear, (3) working out some prehistoric camel country when he was a boy. Out of school, he worked material from a huge mound of earth encased in a at various jobs but maintained a consuming interest in plaster cast and sent in hy field workers in the Tehachapi sculpture and woodcarving and finally decided to try to Il'Iountains. make a li\,ing at them. Though he was self-taught, his hlost of the material he works uith is shipped in to work was distinguished enough to be shown in the him, though he occasionally goes out into the field him- National Academy in 1941. It wasn't furnishing him self. ln the case of the NIemcan horse" the material had with much of a living, though, and when the paleontolo- been worked out froin the surrounding earth, separated gist Childs Frick-son of the great financier and art from bones belonging to other animals and thoroughly collector-encouraged him to come to Caltech, Bill Otto dried over fires before it was shipped to Bill Otto at didn't hesitate long before he made up his mind. the Institute, When he got it he cleaned it off and Though he'd had no training in paleontology, and treated the brittle bones with plastics to harden them. though his interest was artistic rather than scientific Then began the axduous and finicky job of selecting he found that the same techniques were used in prepara- from this mass of material those bones which were in tory work as in sculpture, As a sculptor he knew corn- the best condition, and which would make the best-articu- parative anatomy, so, as a preparator, he merely ex- lated skeleton. These were treated further, while the tended his range of knowledge. As a result of this discarded ones were carefully filed away in one of the combinatio~~of skills Bill Otto is perhaps the most dis- Geology Division's 500-odd cabinet drawers, which tinguished preparator in the country, and one to whom contain everjthing from shrews. claws to elephants' paleontologists constantly turn for help. spinal columns. In his spare time he still works at sculpture, and Finally, after he had carefully planned the position constantly experiments in new mediums. Though all the limbs and skull would take, Bill Otto settled down this means he has to mainlain a pretty rigid schedule, to the job of making a steel irame and mounting the he has always managed to find time to brew coffee for skeleton on it. the rest of the members of the Geology Division, who The reconstruction of the Mexican horse was com- file in twice a day to his lab, and hold a coffee clatch pleted within a three-month period. Bill Otto. who is among the sloth bones there. As for Bill Otto himself, nothing if not methodical. can verify that by checking he hasn't much time for any of this; he just keeps work- the ledger in which he keeps a careful record of how ing away on his ground sloth, bear brain, and camel much time he spends on each project each day. remains. When the engineers, who had been prettv much scat- Engineering Building tered around the campus, packed up and headed for the AsTHE VEW SCHOOL year started, workmen were 5ti11 Mecca of the new E~qineeringBuilding, they set off a putting the finishing touches on the new engineering chain reaction. The Electrical Engineering Department building on campus-though the offices were all occupied took over part of the +pace in Throop that had been and most of the laboratories in operation nevertheless. vacated by Civil Engineering. The Institute Purchasing L4 $500,000 structure, the new building adjoins-and Ofice moved into mother part of the old C.E. quarters. extends-the present Mechanical Engineering bullding, The Graduate Office moved into the old Purchasing making one continuous structure which is [low called Office in Throop. The Bookstore expanded into the space the Engineering Building. It is three stories high, with left by the Soil Mechanics Lab in Throop. Electrical two basements and 34,000 sq. ft. of floor space. Engineering set up its Servo-Mechanisms Lab in what In planning the building the general policy was to had been the Testing Materials Lab in Throop. And make it as nearly flexible as possible. It has no geegaws E & S, not to be left behind, took over the engineers' or arrangements for special gadgetry which might be eyrie in the Throop tower~ unique today and outmoded tomorrow. Consequently Present plans are to hold an open house in thr new it is a severely simple and eminently usable general- Engineering Building earlv in November. purpose building. It houses Civil Engineering, Applied Mechanics (and Merrill Tunnel those teaching advanced mathematics to engineering >tudents). There are two general classrooms and four N AUGUST 31 THE INSTITUTE dedicated 3 new sub- 3pecial classrooms for the use of graduate students. boriic wind tunnel on the campus, officially known as Several general research rooms provide much-needed the Merrill 'I'unnel. in honor of Albert 4. Merrill, space for graduate students and faculty members en- veteran (:altech instructor and a pioneer in the field of gaged in Institute research or that qponsored hv outqide deronautics. agencies. The new tunnel was designed for a top speed of about The sub-basement of the building is completely deb 17.5 miles an hour. 4pproximately 110 feet long, ~t has voted to metallurg and the materials problem. Lab d 32 by 45-inch iest section, which can handle models space is also available for additional work on the with a wing span up to $0 inches. Power is supplied by properties and strength of materials, for work on corro- a 75-horsepower electric motor with a three-bladed fan, sion, using radioactive tracers: and for the te5ting lab and speed is attained through control of the pitch of itself. Space has also been provided-and facilities r~e~v the fan blades- The tunnel ~111have a balance system io ihe Institute-for research in concrete, complete with capable of handling six component forces. curing rooms with controlled temperature and humidity. This is the eighth wind tunnel on campus. These now There are improved facilities for soil mechanics work- range in size from a 21,'2-inch supersonic tunnel to a both instruction and research. And there are new facil- 10-foot one, and in speed from 175 miles an hour (the ities for dynamics research and vibration work. CONTINUED ON PAGE 22 many jobs

HOW TO LIFT A MILLION POUNDS. This crane runway, whose structural steel was fabricated and erected by United States Steel for the San Francisco Naval Shipyard, is 730 feet long, 209 feet high, extends 162% feet over the water at each side. It can lift gun turrets and other huge sections weighing as much as 1,000,000 pounds.

THE SOFTEST THING YOU CAN SLEEP ON IS STEEL. For solid comfort, you can't beat mattresses that have inner springs of steel. Especially if the inner springs are made of U'S-S Premier Spring Wire, specially developed by United States Steel to give lasting resiliency and buoyancy to the inner springs of sleep equipment and upholstered furniture.

CLEANER THAN YOUR BEST CHINA. The inside of a food can is "surgically clean." Sterilized in pro- cessing, it is cleaner and safer than any dish. The Department of Agriculture reports, "It is just as safe to keep canned food in the can-if the can is kept cool-as it is to empty the food into another container." And, incidentally, did you know that "tin cans" are really about 99% steel?

AMERICAN BRIDGE COMPANY' AMERICAN STEEL S, WIRE COMPANYe CARNEGIE-ILLINOIS STEEL CORPORATION- COLUMBIA STEEL COMPANY ti. C. FRICK COKE AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES OLIVER IRON MINING COMPANY ' PITTSBURGH LIMESTONE CORPORATION ' PITTSBURGH STEAMSHIP COMPANY UNITED STATES STEEL PRODUCTS COMPANY UNITED STATES STEEL SUPPLY COMPANY - GENEVA STEEL COMPANY - GERRARD STEEL STRAPPING COMPANY ' MICHIGAN LIMESTONE & CHEMICAL COMPANY - NATIONAL TUBE COMPANY - OIL WELL SUPPLY COMPANY TENNESSEE COAL, IRON S, RAILROAD COMPANY . UNITED STATES STEEL EXPORT COMPANY UNIVERSAL ATLAS CEMENT COMPANY ' VIRGINIA BRIDGE COMPANY patent which dominated the field for so many years. CONTINUED Another of Mr. Merrill's inventions was the stagger- decalage biplane, which furnishes automatic longitud- Merrill) to ten time3 the speed of sound (the hypersonic inal stability without the use of an auxiliary tail. tunnel-E&S, Not. -*19). His most important contributions, however. have been The subsonic Merrill tunnel will be used fox instruc- associated with a number of ingenious and powerful tion and student research work. and will also be avail- techniques for getting accurate and precise experimental able for industrial research in the field of low-speed data with inexpensive, simple tools. aerodynamics for planes and missile; a-s well as tor He was probably the first experimenter to use an testing aircraft components automobile to tow a glider for launching purposes. Albert Merrill carne to Throop College-forerunner He was the first inventor and user of an "open-air wind of Caltech-in 1917 when the hrst wind tunnel was built tunnel for testing full-scale manned, captive gliders. on the campus. He was. in tart, entrusted uith the HP developed the first moving tube micromanometer, supervision of the design ronstruction and operation of which has since become the standard precision man- the tunnel, which continued in operation until it ivas ometric instrument of practically all aeronautical lab- destroyed h? fire in the 'Sob oratories. MI. Merrill's inteiesi and activity in aeronautics dates Rut perhaps his greatest contribution was the develop- back as fan as 1892. when he graduated from high ment of a very small, inexpensive wind tunnel which school in Boston and delivered a commencement address one man could operate by himself, and hence produce on progress in flying Shorth before 1900 he was one very inexpensively and quickly, valuable scientific data. of the founders of the Boston Aeronautical Society- The new Caltech tunnel, which bears his name, is such probably the first such sonei? in thia country. a one. It is located above the archway which connects At the dedication of the Merrill Tunnel last month the Central Shops Building with the Optical Shop. Dr. Clark Millikan. Director of the Guggenheim Aero- nautical Laboratory, recalled some ot the countless Radiation Detection practical aeronautical invention;' for which Dr. Merrill was responsible. One of his earl? patents was the "Ilp HARLES LAURITSEN,Professor of Physics, and his Only" aileron, which gave lateral control by deflecting son Thomas, Assistant Professor, announced this sum- upwards only. This- eliminated the drag on the down mer that they had developed a pocket-size radiation de- aileron and accordinglv eliminated the necessity for tector for general use in case of an atomic disaster. the combined use of ruddei and aileron-a combination Several years ago C. C. Lauritsen invented a highly that was one of the basic elements in the famous Wright sensitive radiation-measuring device to be used for the protection of people engaged in work with radio- active materials or with X-rays. The new detector, in- tended for possible use by citizens, rescue teams and military personnel, is simpler, cheaper to make, easier to use. and more rugged. The device will go into production shortly at the Consolidated Engineering Corporation in Pasadena. First production models will probably go to atomic energy centers, while later models will go to civilian defense headquarters throughout the nation. Sometime next year production should reach the point where the detectors can be sold to the public. They will probably retail at from $15 to $25. Radiation, of course, is undetectable by the senses. A general body dose of a few hundred roentgens, accum- ulated in a sufficiently short time. may produce no visible effect but may, nevertheless. result in death in a few days or weeks. Anyone carrying the Lauritsens' pocket- detector, which is about the size of a pack of cigarettes, would be able to determine whether he was absorbing too much radiation. A dial on the face of the instru- ment records, cumulatively, the amount of radiation absorbed over a 24-hour period. If the dial takes a full 24 hours to reach its maximum point, the person carry- ing the instrument is safe; butif the dial moves rapidly toward the maximum, the radiation is dangerous. At the

CONTI,NUED ON PAGE 24 IT'S EASY to forget a product that gives almost flawless performance. Most people, for instance, never think of the valve springs in their cars. .. largely because wire develop- ments have brought them to a point approaching metallurgical and mechanical perfection. The half billion valve springs in service today.. .closing each valve as often as 12 times a second, from sub-zero temperatures to 400°F..will prove almost 100 per cent depend- able for years on end. Roebling is a chief supplier of round spring wire to valve spring manufacturers. Today, too, Roebling's wide line of wires and wire products offer economies to every field of industry. A full range of high carbon specialty wires.. .wire rope for every sort of rope-rigged equipment. . .more than 60 types of electrical wire and cable. . .a com- plete range of woven wire screens. Write for information about the Roebling products of interest to you.

EXTRA QUALlrY.. . EXTRA VALUE.. .THAT'S WHY

JOHN A. ROEBLING'S SONS COMPANY, TRENTON 2, NEW JERSEY Atlanta, 934 Avon Ave. * Boston, 51 Sleeper St. * Chicago, 5525 W. Roosevelt Road * Cincinnati, 3253 Fredonia' Ave. * Cleveland, 701 Sl. Cloir Ave., N. E. * Denver, 4801 Jackson St. * Houston, 6216 Navigation Blvd. * 10s Angeles, 216 So. Alomedo St. * New York, 19 Rector St. * Philadelphia, 12 So. Twelfth St. 'Â Son Ffancisco, 1740 Seventeenth St. * Seattle, 900 First Ave. So. A OF CONFIDENCE II , , CONTINUED end of each 24-hour period, the turn of a knob re- charges the instrument for anothei day. The instrument is essentially an electrostatic volt- meter of low capacity, mounted in a case that serves as an ionization chamber, and provided with a friction charging device. The voltmeter movement consists of a stiff, light aluminum needle, mounted in a simple pivot arrangement with a spiral reqtoring spring and repelled by a fixed aim at the same potential. The meter movement, inc-ludina; the repplllng arm, is insulated from the case. A stop prehents accidental discharging by liniiting the motion of ihe needle. Patents on the dctcctor are held by thp California Institute Research I- oundation, and royalties will be used for Institute research.

Arrival

R. RICHARDP. I XYNMAN has joined the instituie faculty this fall as Professor of Theoretical Physics. Working model of the Lauritsen radiation detector Dr. Feynman comes to Caltech from Cornell Uni- versity where he hab been a member of the Laboratory to serve as Deputy Director of the Weapons System of Nuclear Studies since 1945. During the war he was Evaluation Group of the Department of Defense in a group leader at the Los Alamos Laboratory, and prior Washington. The Group was set up in 1948 primarily to the establishment of that laboratory he worked on to analyze and evaluate present and future weapons earlier stages of the Manhattan project at Princeton systems. Dr. Robertson, who came to the Institute in University. 1947, was a member of the National Defense Research Since 1945 Dr. Feynman ha- made important contri- Council from 1940 to 1943, and served as a scientific butions to oui understanding of the structure of the liaison office1 to the London Mission of the Office of atom and its nucleub. In thi- work hc developed what Scientific Research and Development from 1943 to 1946. have become known as "Fevnman Diagrams-" a tech- He was also an expert consultant to the Secretary of War nique which has. speeder) up and simplihed man) calcu- Irom 1944 to 1947. lations in the field oi quantum mechanics More recently he ha< been working in the held of quantum elertrody- Hughes Fellows namics, and here too he has added to our understanding HUGHESFELLOWSHIPS in Creative Aeronautics of electrical phenomena within the atom HOWARD have been awarded this year to Arthur E, Bryson, Jr., Last spring Dr. Feynman delivered a series of 12 of Temple City, Warren E. Mathews of Pasadena and lecturer at Caltech on "Quantum Electrodynamics and Norman M. Wolcott of Westwood, Calif. Each of the Meson Theories." as a part of a series of physics semi- three men will receive a grant from the fund established nars in which other outstanding physicists participated- by Hughes to cover tuition and research expenses, as including Dr. J. R. Oppenheiiner, Director of the Insti- well as a salary from the Hughes Aircraft Company for tute for Advanced Study at Princeton, N. J., and Dr. work dope in connection with study at the Institute. 1. I. Rabi, Nobel Prize winner in Physics from Colum- The fellowship program., combining advanced theo- bia University. retical training at the Institute with industrial tutorial A native of New York, Dr. Feynman obtained his training at the Hughes Aircraft Company in Culver bachelor of science degree ai the Massachusetts Institute City, was set up last year in recognition of the growing of Technology in 1939 and his Ph.D. degree at Princeton need for creative research men in aeronautics. The in 1942. three men awarded fellowships this year are the second According to President DuBridge, Dr. Fevnman's group to participate in the program. appointment here means that "the Institute no-n has a Arthur Bryson, 24, attended Haverford College and well-rounded team of some of the ablest experimental Northwestern Missouri State Teachers College, and and theoretical physicists in the country." began graduate study toward an advanced degree in aeronautics at Caltech last year. And Departure Warren Mathews, 28. received his B.A. at Ohio Wes- R. HOWARDP. ROBERTSON.Professor of Mathematical leyan University. and an M.S. degree in electrical en-

Physics, has taken a leave of absence from the Institute CONTINUED ON PAGE 26 FROMMORNING TILL NIGHT, the colors of the rainbow are chemicals are the ingredients of the "unfinished" plastics all around you-through plastics. A blue plastic clock wakes -called resins. From these resins come the many different you, and you flip on an ivory plastic light switch. You take forms of plastics we know. your clothes from a ello ow ~lastichanger. Plastic tooth- The ~eopleof Union Carbide are leaders in the poduc- brushes come in colors lor every member of the family. tion of plastics, resins, and related chemicals. They also Cheerful decorating schemes are enhanced by the beauty provide hundreds of other materials for the use of science of plastic drapes. There's no limit to the colors you can get and industry. in these versatile materials! FREE: If you would like to know more about manv cf the thingsyou use every day, vend for the illustrated But this is only the start of the plastic story. Plastics 1 ook1et"Products and Proepclothing. Modern furniture and furnish- Cases, and Plastics. Wrttefor free booklet C. - ings owe much to plastics. Much of your food 15 packaged in clean, clear plastics. Plastics add safety. durability, and I appearance to many of your electrical appliances. A-f-Y.f CA KJ7 &Aw 0?f

These versatile basic inateriali; are man-made. Organic 30 EAST ~ZNDSTREET NEW YORK 17, N. Y.

BAKELITE,KREME, 2nd \'INYLIIE Plastic, . LIND~.O\ygen . PRFST-0-LITE4cetvlene . PYROFAXGas NATIONALCarbons ILVEREADYFlashlights and Batteries . ACHESON Electrodes . PRESTONEand TREKAnti-Freezes ~LECTROMETAlloys and Metals . HAYNESSTELLITE Alloys . SYNTHETIC ORGANICCHEMICALS the University of Lund, Sweden, in June. In announcing , CONTINUED . . the awards the University faculty cited Dr. Bowen for his contributions in both atomic and astrophysical re- gineering at M.I.T. in 1944. He entered Caltech in 1949 search, his interpretation of spectra of nebulae, and the and i-- working towards an advanced degree in classical fact that he directs the two largest observatories in theoretical physics. the world. Dr. Humanson's citation was for his contri- Norman Wolcott was graduated from Harvard Uni- butions to astronomical research, and particularly for velait) in 1949 and received an M.S. in physics there his "magnificent observation work" in measuring the this year. He will study for an advanced degree in spectra and radial velocities of far-distant galaxies. physics at Caltech. William Howard Clapp

Flair on Campus [LLIAM HOWARDCLAPP. Professor Emeritus of BE \ov MISSLI) the ColIeee Re-new Issue of Flnir Mechanism and Machine Design at the Institute, died I August-in which case >ou missed the handsome on August 7 at the home of his son. Roger, in Vista, pictiire, reproduced below, of Laltech";. ASCIT Prex? Calif. He was 76 years old. IUrich Merten. Merten appeared in a line-up of Big Men Born in Cleveland, Howard Clapp received his col- on Campus, representing Princeton. Minnesota. Virginia lege training at the University of Minnesota. He joined and Caltech respectivel>-Caltech being characterized by the Caltech faculty in 1911, when the school was called Flair as ^'reputedly the toughest. most advanced. hest- Throop Polytechnic Institute, and served actively until equipped technical school in the country." 1944. More than this, though, you missed a good deal of miscellaneous intormalion about Mert'c wardrobe. What good this information will do you-or anybody, for that matter-i-. hard to sa\ though it'-. riear that Flair's ienorter had a rcgulai whee oi a time riffling throuph Merten's dresser and rloset in pursuit of the information Veil. Mert. it secrns. keeps his rlothmg budpet down to $200 a veal on principle. Hi< premium on neatness forbids his wearing the usual Caltech T shirt and Levis. in fact he doesn't even onn a paii of blue jeans, and though he has three 01 four T shirts he only wears them when tinkering with his car. He ha* five white shirk. five short-sleeved patterned sport shirk. and five long sleeked solid-colored sport shirts. This puts Mert way out in front of Flair's other BMOCs on shirts. though the Virginia representative takes the lead in suits (7) and is also on record as owning a pair of cuff links, while the Princeton man has the most trousers (5). All of which may possibly have some signficance. Mert owns 20 ties-all loud. all gifts- and 16 of thc.'ii never worn. He has ihrce sport jackets, a dark blue winter suit, an off-white Pain Beach suit, a tuxedo, two pairs of shoes, two sweaters, a raincoat. and three pairs of pajamas for winter wear. "In summer," this little rhapsody on raiment concludes, "he sleeps in his shorts." Everybody up on Merten's wardrobe now? Further inquiries may be directed to Flair. Meanwhile this should at least provide the other occupants of Merten's entry in Ricketts with a good, sound working knowledge of the kind of finery that is available to ihem if they just play their rards right.

Honors and Awards

R. IRA S. BOWEN.Director, and Milton Humason, Secretary of the Mt. Wilson and Palomar Observatories, received honorary Doctor of Philosophy degrees from Merten and Apollo-Merten's the one in clothes Have N e in n

Pump Department, and worked on cost by CHESTER E. MEYER Superintendent, Production Scheduling analysis. This job gave me a chance to General Machinery Di~~i~ton study plant layout and manufacturing ALLIS-CHALMERS MAXUFAL1'URING COMPANY methods, and put me in contact with the (Graduate Training Course IQB) Time Study and Planning Department. I liked the work, and finished up the course RODUCTION CONTROL in a big plant like in that department. I've stayed in the same theAllis-Chalmers West Allis Works type of work ever since. is a constant campaign to prevent bottle- necks and keep orders Here in Production Schedulingwe pick moving along smoothly up each job after the ~lanning~epart- Assembling big direct-current blooming to meet scheduled ship- ment has established the routing. It's up mill motor for test-last step in the manufacturing process before shipment ping dates. to us to set a shipping date, and then work out dates when the job is to be completed and final installation. Most men face much in the various shops through which it must the same kind of per- go. This requires a thorough knowledge Some of the big jobs going through sonal problem when they of methods, shop capacities and work now include a 107,000 kw steam turbine get out of engineering loads throughout the entire plant. unit for a midwest utility and two com- school and plan a pro- plete new hydraulic turbine and generator gram of graduate train- CHESTER E. MEYER Great Diversity of Products units for Hoover Dam. There's an order ing and experience for six 22,000 hp pumping motors for a leading to a firm position in the work they To give some idea of the extent of this operation, here are a few facts about the West Coast irrigation project, and another want to do. They can't afford to risk bot- for one of the largest power transformers tlenecks and blind alleys in that program, West Allis Works: The floor area of the buildings is more than 160 acres. There ever built. Rotary kilns up to 400 ft. in either. length, gyratory crushers weighing 500 Big Opportunity are 14 miles of railway and 4 miles of roads within the plant, and the shops contain tons and 22 million volt Betatrons are all I had this in mind when I graduated from more than 30,000 power tools, from small products of these shops. So are delicate MIT in 1936 and enrolled in the Allis- nrecision machines to the ereat 40-foot electronic and control devices. Chalmers Graduate Training Course. I'd boring mill. 1t-requires 208 trave~in~cranes Allis-Chalmers designs and builds basic been particularly interested in production machines for every major industry: steam to handle materials and eauioment.L There and sales. I was looking for practical train- are twelve great machine,. assembly and and hydraulic turbine generators, trans- ing, experience and opportunity. And I erection shops, three foundries, pattern formers and other equipment for the got them. shop, tank and plate shop, forge shop, electric power industries; crushers, grind- First assignment was in Steam Turbine mill shop and many miscellaneous build- ing mills, rotary kilns, screens and other erection. Then I went to the Centrifugal ines used in manufacturinc. machines for mining, ore processing, ce- ment and rock products; flour mills and oil extraction plants; electronic equip- ment; big pumps, motors, drives .. . to name just a few.

Widest Choice As you can see. Graduate Training Course engineers at A-C can move in just about any direction they choose-any industry, any tvpe of work from machine design, research and product engineering to man- ufaetur~ng,selling and installation. The course is set up to allow students plenty of chance to gain training and ex- perience in the work they choose. There's no reason to run into bottlenecks or dead- end streets-for students help plan their own courses, and are free to change their plans as new interests, new opportunities, present themselves. Completed parts flow on a planned master schedule from all parts of the great West Allis Works as this large turbine unit takes form. This is a general view of a part of the vast erection shop. Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company, Milwaukee 1, 'H'isconsin Alumni Calendar, 1950-51

THI1950-51 ALI-MNI 'YS$OCI~TTO~Nprogram gels under on Septembet 20 when Calterh alumni will be hosts at the traditional Occidental-Coaltech Kickoff Luncheon to he held at the Athenaeum Member's of both teams will he on hand. a& in11 the roachrs After the Ox\ game. on Sentemher 21 there will be an Alumni Open House on Campus. This event, inaug- urated last year, proved to he one ot the most successful Typical scene at the 1950 Alumni Association Field Day, which was held this year in Tournament Park on July 8. of all alumni functions. This year, alumni will gather in Dabncy Hall aftex the game-~vhich ii- being played The Annual Meeting of the Alumni Association is to at Occidental-for refreshments and dancing (both of be held on June 6. them free, by the wav. This function is on the house). Other affairs-dinner meetings in particular-will be On December 1 the Alumni Square Dance will be held set up as prominent speakers can be engaged. But this at the Elks Club in Pasadena. lis~ing covers the major part of the year's program. The annual Dinnei Dance date has been set for Febru- There's a handy check list of all these dates on page 37. ary 3, at the Oakmont Country Club. Looking ahead to next spring-Save April 14 for the 1950 Field Day Alumni Seminar on campus. NE OF THE GAPS that remains to be filled on next year's Alumni Calendar is the annual Field Day. This year's Field Day, held in Tournament Park on Saturday, CUT BATTERY MAINTENANCE COST July 8, from 1 to 8 p.m., didn't bring as big a turnout as the one held at the Anoakia School in 1949, but it RO proved to be just about as enjoyable all the same. Soft- hall, volley ball, touch football and tennis were the chief attractions. Not to mention the barbecue dinner. Or the bull sessions. Or-come to think of it-the plentiful cold beer.

Bob Hare Dies ROBERTJ. HARE '21 died on September 12 in Queen of th~4ngels Hospital. Los Angeles. as a result of a cerebral hemorrhage. He was 51 years old. Boh was a member of the Board of Directors of the Alumni Association. After receiving his B.S. in Elec- trical Engineering from the Institute he joined the Southern California Telephone Company as- a student engineer. After several years in the Outside Plant engineering department, he moved into the Transmission and Protection group. with time out in 1935 to serve a< Assistant Manager of the Bell System Exhibit at the UNCONDITIONALLY GUARANTEED San Diego International Exposition. FOR 3 YEARS 4t the time of his death he was a Staff En~ineerin in passenger car use the Office of the Chief Engineer of the Pacific Telephone INTERCONTINENTAL FACTORS INC. and Telegraph Company in Los Angeles. working on Loca! Distributors & Export Agents Plant Extension engineering studies. Tie was a member 1301 So. Santo Fe Ave. of the Institute of Radio Engineers and the American Los Angeles 21 VA. 6580 R. E. Springer '45 Institute of Electrical Engineers. He is survived by his wife.

Report of the Third Year - 1949- 1950

URING OUR THIRD FUNDYEAR. the Caltech Alumni CONTRIBUTORS Fund continued its vigorous growth, and reached a 1949 - 1950 cash total of $62,889.19, including income and interest earned. This total sum is the result of gifts from 1,809 1896 1917 Haynes, Miss Diantha M. Beattie, Joseph A. loyal alumni, including 47 percent of those alumni who 1900 Kernp, Archie R. did undergraduate work at Caltech, and 7.3 percent of Harris, Irving C. Kensey, Alexander those who did only graduate uork at C.I.T. 1906 Youtz, J. Paul During the twelve months preceding June 30, 1950, Canterhury, H. H. 1918 the Fund grew by $25,018.70. Contributions were re- Maxson. Edgar S. Andrews, Clark F. Capra, Frank R. ceived this year from 1,215 alumni, 580 of whom are 191 1 Ward, Royal V. Essick, L. F. new contributors. Most of the remaining 635 have con- Heywood, Gene B. 1912 Hoge, Edison R. tributed regularly each year. Merrifield, J. D. Gift-, received by the Fund, broken down by graduat- 1913 1919 ing classes, are tabulated below, together with data on Gerhart. Rav Marshall, Fred A. the average gifts and the percent of eligibles contribut- Parkinson, Ralph W. 1920 ing. The class of 50, our newest alumni, voted to 1915 Barnes, Hartwick M. make a class gift to the Fund, thus achieving 100 per- Holt, Herbert B. Barton, Paul D. Wilcox, Charles H. cent participation fox their first year. Black, James R. 1916 Hounsell, E. Victor Your Fund Committee wishes to thank all of you Carson, Max H. Hounsell, Theron C. who have so generously contributed to our first goal- Chamberlain, Bernard Lewis, John C. a gymnasium for Tech. Rich, Kenneth W. Linhnff, Harold R.

THIRD YEAR-1949-1 950 (As of June 30, 1950)

Results for Alumni who took Undergraduate Work at C.I.T. Total Money % of Class Class Year Received Money Number Average Eligibles Ranking Ranking Rec'd Giving Gift Giving IAv. Gift1 I % Giving1

Prior '1 5 $ 156.00 $ 156.00 8 .... 12 1 10.00 1 10.00 2 25.0 6 45.00 45.00 3 42.9 18 60.00 60.00 4 40.0 18 139.26 139.26 5 17.2 8 5.00 5.00 1 33.3 36 205.00 13 40.6 17 940.00 10 27.8 4 261 0.00 23 40.4 2 2555.00 2 2 52.4 1 171 0.00 17 23.3 3 11 10.00 34 44.2 7 354.00 18 17.6 11 286.00 23 24.7 2 6 456.30 24 40.0 14 447.00 23 27.7 13 466.26 20 18.7 9 423.00 28 28.3 18 1381.00 2 4 24.5 5 245.00 12 13.0 10 485.00 30 29.1 16 31 7.00 29 25.7 27 502.50 2 8 26.9 15 285.00 19 16.8 18 378.00 30 23.6 25 373.50 36 3 1.3 2 9 385.00 29 20.6 2 3 527.50 38 29.5 11 408.50 53 35.6 3 2 566.00 43 34.7 24 577.50 55 46.2 28 492.00 5 2 20.0 30 293.00 34 21.7 31 226.00 3 0 21.7 33 357.78 63 33.3 34 288.00 5 3 25.1 35 41 7.50 183 100.0 - - -37 $20,572.80 1119 31.2 Otis, Russell M. Burmister, Clarence A. Sawyer, Mark A. Byrne, Hugh J. P. Smith, Donald D. Chapman, Albert Smith, Robert Carson Cheney, Lyle H. St. Clair, Harry P. Clayton, Frank C. A. Whitworth, George K. Dalton, Robert H. 1921 Dillon, Robert T. Case, Henry R. Erickson, Alfred L. Champion, Edward L. Foster, Frank M. Craig, Robert W. Freeman, Henry R. Hare, Robert J. Fulwider, Robert W. Honsaker, Horton H. Hart, Edward W. Makosky, Frank C. Heilbron, Carl H., Jr. Morrison, Lloyd E. Helms, Jack H. Mullin. Wvnne B. Henderson, Lawrence P. ~uirmbach,Charles F. Hertenstein, W. Raymond, Albert L. Jones, Walter B. 1922 Karelitz, Michael B. Larabee, 0. Seymour Ager, Raymond W. Maurer, John E. Alles, Gordon A. Maxstadt, Francis W., M.S You are designing a machine for Bear, Ralston E. Newcomb, Leroy - Bozorth, R. M., Ph.D. Noll, Paul E. doing finishing operations on the production line, Bulkley, Olcott R. Pauling, Prof. L. C., Ph.D. Catland, Alfred C. such as grinding, polishing, buffing, etc. Your prob- Clever, George H. Pearson, Roland R. Crissman, Robert J. Prentice, Leland B. Rivinius, Paul C. lem is to provide a drive that permits the grinding Darnell, Donald W. DeVoe, Jay J. Salsbuw, Markham E. or polishing wheel to be moved around freely while Fleming, Thomas J. Scott, Oliver B. Hall, Albert D. Simpson, Thomas P. it is running. How would you do it? Henny, Dr. G. C., M.S. Spelrnan, George C. Thompson, Wilfred G. Honsaker, John Use an S.S.White Hopper, Francis L. Watkins, Robie T. - Jasper, Walter 1926 power drive flexible shaft to transmit rotary power Keith, Clyde R. Bidwell, Charleb H. Knight, Alfred W. Coleman, Theodore C. from a suspended or pedestal-mounted electric Kohtz, Russell H. Edwards, Manley W. Learned, Kenneth A. Farly, George M. motor to the handpiece which holds the finishing Myers, Thomas G. Friauf, James B., Ph.D. wheel. This gives you a portable unit that permits Ogden, Harold S. Graham, Glenn Potter, William D. Granger, Wayne E. the wheel to be readily manipulated to reach all Vesper, Howard G. Halverson, Homer A. Whistler, Arthur M. Kiech, Clarence F. points. 1923 Laws, Allen L. *** Baier, Willard E. Lewis, William A., Jr. Barnett, Harold A. Macfarlane, Donald P. This is just one of hun- Michelmore, John E. Blakeley, Loren E. dreds of power drive and Dillon, Lyle Moodie, R. W. Evans, Bernard G. Pomeroy, Richard D. remote control problems Fitch, Charles E. Pompeo, Domenick Fowler, L. Dean Schott, Hermann F. to which S.S.White flex- Gilbert, Walton E. Sokoloff, Vadim M. Gray, Robert M. Valby, Edgar ible shafts are the simple Wulf, Oliver R., Ph.D. Hopper, Basil answer. That's why every Lewis, Howard B. 1927 Loughridge, Donald H. Akers, John F. engineer should be famil- North, John R. Belknap, Kenneth A. Puls, J. H. Blankenburg, Rudolph C. iar with the range and Reeves, Hubert A. Bower, Maxwell M. scope these useful Roth, Lawrence P. Boyd, James of Schonborn, Robert Collins, George F. "Metal Muscles"* for Stromsoe, Douglas A. Diamos, G. K. S., M.S. Walling, Lloyd A. Farrar, Harry K. mechanical bodies. Walter, John P. Gardner, David Z., Jr. Woods, Robert E. Gottier, Thomas L. 1924 Jaeger, Vernon P. Here's how one manufacturer *Trademark Rag. U. S. Pat. Off. Anderson, Kenneth B. Lilly, Forrest J. did it. and elsewhere Campbell, Daniel M. Loxley, Benjamin R. Clark, Rex S. Mendenhall, H. E., Ph.D. Dorresten, Edward E. Peterson, H. Fred Gandy, E. Harold Peterson, Thurman S. Goodhue, Howard W. Reynolds, Roland W. It gives essential facts and engineer- Groat, Frederick J. Rodgers, V. Wayne ing data about flexible shafts and Henderson, William G. Ross, Leonard W. their application. A copy is yours Irwin, Emmett M. Snyder, Leonard L. Jenkins, Grant V. Southwick, Thomas S. free for asking. Write today. Leavitt, Warren B. stanton, W. Layton Losey, Theodore C. Starke, Howard R. Maltby, Clifford W. Thompson, Russell E. Miller, Roy Warner, Arthur H., Ph.D. Stoker, Lyman P. Wiegand, Frdnk H. Wakeman, Carrol M. 1928 Winegarden, Howard M. Armstrong, Dr. R. C. 1925 Beckman, A. O., Ph.D. Alderman, Raymond E. Berman, Jack Y. Allen, William H. Brighton, Thomas H. Atherton, Tracy L. Coulter, Robert I. Cutler, Ralph W. Langsner, George Sluder, Darrell H, Ridgway, Richard L. Cox, Robert 0. Duval, Richard H. Leeper, Laverne D. Ugrin, Nick Schaffner, Paul C. Daams, Gerrit Evans. Robley D. Lehman, Rohert M. Van Osdol, George W. Strong, Dean Foster, M.S. Davies, Claude E. Gewertz, Moe W. Lewis. George E. Walley, Bernard Dickerson, Edward 0. Goodall, William 1935 M. McMiIlan. John R. Baldwin, Lawrence W. Webster, Martin H. Foster, Gerald P. Hossack, H. A. Murdoci.. DeWolfe Wetmore, William 0. German, Irvine F., Jr. Jacobs, Morton Becker, Leon W. Overhage, Carl F. ,I. Beman, Ward W. Wickett, Walton A. Gewe, Rohert A. joujon-Roche, Jean E. Peer, Edward S. 1938 Glassco, Robert B. Kaneko, George S. Peterson, Raymond A. Blair, Charles M., Ph.D. Davenport, Horace W. Althouse, Wm. S. Harper, John C. Kuhn, Jackson G. Pratt, Leland D. Jongeneel, James W. Lash, Charles C. Saygol. Charles C. Davies, James A. Baker, John R. Dewees, Norman B. Bertram, Sidney Keighley, 'G. L., M.S. Lombard, Alhert E. Sinnette, J. T., Jr. Moore, Rohert S., M.S. Minkler, C, Gordon Smit-,. Howard G. Edwatds, Eugene L. Cardwell, W. T. Engelder, Dr. Arthur E. Clarke, Charles W. Nakada, Yoshinao Nestle. Alired C. St-in, Mver S. Palmer, Charles S. Nichols, Donald S. Terry, Paul M. Etz, Arthur N. Dennis, Paul A. Evans, M. H. Dixon, Blaine A., Jr. Quarles, Miller W., Jr. Olsen, William L. 1932 Ray, Robert S., Jr. Ross, Ellwood H. Field, Frank DuFresne, Armand F. Anderson, Da\ id \V. Fussell, Robert G. Ellis, Herbert B. Richards, Raymond G. Sechler, Ernest E. Arnerich, Paul F. Russell, Charles D., M.S. Thatcher, John W. Garner, Clifford S. Evans, Henry K. Atwood, Albert W., .1r. Gluckman, Howard P. Farneman, John D. Scarborough, W. Bertram 1929 Bascom, John D. Higley, John B. Friend, Carl F. Smith, Randlow Atwater, Eugene Rehlow, Lewis B, Jahns, Richard H. Graybeal, Oran A., Jr. Steinme~z,David H., I11 Berman, Isadore Bradburn, James R. Leppert, Elmer L. Harris, Clyde W. Stevens, Jean B. Birge, Knowlton R. Coryell, Charles D. Lindsay, Chester W. Hopkins, Henry S. Stone, William W., Jr. Clark. Donald S. Crater, Myiron I. McLean, William B. Horine, Carlton L. Stoner, Willis A. Cline, Frederick R. Freeman, Rohert B. Maloney, Fred V. Ives, Phillip, Ph.D. Todd, George J. Cravitz, Phillip Harsh, Charles M. Rader, Louis T., M.S. Jewett, Frank B., Jr. Van Dyke, Gilbert Dunham, Fames W. Kent, W. L. Ray, A. Allen Jones, Ralph W., Jr. Walter, Don Evans, Thomas H. Lyons, Patrick B. Reynolds, Edward H. Jurs, Albert E., Jr. Wells, Robert L., M.S. Fredendall, Beverly F. Pirkering, William TI. Ribner, Herbert S. Keller, Samuel H. White, Howard J. Grimes, 'Walter B. Pruden, VÈorrel F. Roehm, Jack M., M.S. Knight, Jack W. Worcester, Herbert M., IT. Grunder, Lawrence J. Roach, Harold Slater, Alfred L. Kryopoulos, P. R., M.S. 1941 Hincke, William B. Schiihart, IMfirvin A. Snow, Neil W. McGraw, John T. Schultz. Wm. Bersbach, Alfred J. Hugg, Ernest B. 0. Stanley, Rohert M. McLean, John G. Billman, Glenn W. Huston, Harold M. Sheff et, Joseph Stick, John C., Jr. Nagamatsu, H. T. Shorkley, William Bowles, Robert R. Kingman, Kenneth E. Stuppy, Dr. Lawrence J. Nash, William F., Jr. Bramhall, George H. Kircher, Raymond J. Sh,ill, George 0. Van Reen, Mahry North, H. Q. Sparks. Brian 0. Brooks, Philip D. Larrecq, Anthony J. 1936 Osborn, Elhurt F., Ph.D. Campbell, Donald C. Lee, Edson C. Swart, Kenneth H. Boothe, Raymond H. F. Palmer, Kenneth .I., Ph.D. Casserly, Frank G. Mohr, Wm. H. Thomas, William J. Rosencranz, Richard, Jr. Wilson, Chester E. Bush, Kenyon T. Chapin, Wm. F. Myers, Albert E. Schomaker, Verner, Ph.D. Cooper, Robert G. O'Haver, Hubert M. Carley, Glenn R. 1933 Davis, Frank W. Stone, Roland C. Corcoran, William H. Roberts, Bolivar Berkeley, G. Merrill Velasquez, Jose L. Davis, Walter 2. Russell, Kenneth F. Dickinson, Holley B. Binder, Raymond C., M Douglass, Malcolm E. Wilson, Gardner P. Dobbins, Willis E. Wheeler, Fred A. Clifford, Alfred H., Ph.1 Wood, Homer J. Edwards, Gene L. Wolfe, Charles M., M.S. Folland, Donald F. Davis, Madison T. Frost, Arthur M. 1939 Eusey, 'Merritt V. 1930 Engel, Rene, Ph.D. Graham, Ernest W., M.S. Anderson, Noah H. Gaily, Sidney K. Arnquist, W. N., Ph.D. Gould, Laurence K. Hammond, Paul H. Bishop, Richard H. Greenhaigh, Francis [M. Atkinson, Dr. R. B., Ph.D. Johnson, J. Stanley Heath, Charles O., Jr. Black, John W. Hall, Edward A., M.S. Bode, F. D. Lewis, Wyatt H. Henderson, Everett B. Bonell, Wm. H., M.S. Harlan, James T., Jr. Bungay, Robert H. Meskell, John E. Hinshaw, Meral W. Bragg, Kenneth R. Harr, George B. Carberry, Deane E. Moore, %'m. W, Jensen, Ray Braithwaite, J. W. Hiatt, John B. Chung-Y ao, Chao, Ph.D. Perrine, Charles D.* Jr. Johnson, Ford L. Brown, Perry H. Jones, G. A. Decamp, L. S. Prater, Arthur N., M.S. Jordan, Charles B. Carstarphen, Charles F. Jones, Jeremy A. Giebler, Clyde Randall, John A. Klocksiem, John P. Connelly, Ronald B. Jones, Oliver K. Hillman, Ernest C.. Jr. Russell, Richad L. La Boyteaux, Ellsworth Craft, Claude Howard Leighton, 'Robert B. Hodder, Roland F. Spade, J. Clifton McMahon, M. M. Crozier, George 0. Lewis, Joseph W., Jr. Hopper, Rea E. Widess, Moses B. McRary, Willard L. Davis, Harry O., Jr. Myers, Charles S., MS. Howse, S. Eric 1934 Marsh, Robert H. Evvard, John C. Myers, Robert F. Johnson, Josef J. Meneghelli, Hugo A. Fischer, Harold, M.S. Palmer, John G. Johnston, Morris, Ph.D. Anderson, Robert C. Partch, Newel1 T. Bollay, William, M.S. Muller, Conrad R. Fischer, Richard Alfred Jones, Harlen R. E. Flint, Delos E. Partlow, John G. Boykin, Rohert 0. Peugh, Verne L. Kinney, Edward E., M.S. Sklai, Maurice Gerhart, Ray Van Deusen Paulson, John J. Levine, Ernest Campbell, James R. Rorninger, Joseph F. Cogen, Saul Thompson, Rev. Tyler F. Goodell, Jack H. McLean, Ralph S. Unholtz, Karl Green, Alhert P. Rupert, Claud S. Pleasants, J. G., M.S. Craig, Carroll C. Whipp, David Silherstein, Richard F. Desmond, Jack M. M. Green, Wm. M. Pritchett, Jack D. Woolridge, D. E., Ph.D. Hotz, 'George M. Snodgrass, Reuben Ross, George A. Dietrich, R. A. Sohler, Stanley E. Donahue, Willis R., Jr. 1937 Lavatelli, Leo S. Sheffet, David Lawson, William G. Stewart, Wilton A. Stipp, Theodore Etter, L. Fort Benton, Ralph S., Jr. Trindle, Joseph W. Gordon, Garford Brice, Richard T., Ph.D. Levet, Melvin Thayer, Eugene M. Matthew, T. R. Wahrhaftig, A. L., Ph.D. Whitman, Nathan D. Gulick, Howard E. Carroll, George E. Wallace, Roger W. Hallanger, Norman 1,. Cornwall, Ellsworth W. Osborn, John E. Zipser, Sidney Paul, Carlton H. Weight, Robert H. Haskins, Ray W. Ellison. W. J., JI., M.S. Wood, David S. 1931 Howard. Ernest R. Fenzi, Warren E. Pullen, Keats A. Alden, Lucas A. Lien. Elvin B. Frost, Holloway H. Ritchey, James C. 1942 Arnold. William A. McCann, Gilbert Harner. Dr. Thomas S. Ruggiero, Ralph J. Albrecht, Albert Biddle, Russell L., Ph.D. McClain, F. J. ~eggett,Jasper Ridgley Shultise, Quido M. Allan, John R. Bolles, Lawrence W. McRae, James W. Levinton, Harold L., M.S. Smith, Josiah E. Almassy, George W. Boothe, Perry M. Moore. Morton Lloyd, Dr. Paul E., Ph.D. Snyder, Willard M. Andrews, Richard A. Bovee, John L., Jr. Naylor, Ralph A. Lockwood, Robert B. Stones, J. Eugene Atkinson, Thomas G. Cogen, William M. O'Neil, Hugh M. Miller, Dr. Harry H. Sullivan, Edwin F. Bartlett, Edward R. Detweiler, John S. Paxon. Miller, Nash H., M.S. White, Robert W. Bauer, Frederick K. E. W. Winchell, Rohert W. Gerschler, James M. Pearnt, lohn F. Miller, Wendell B. Bergh, Paul S. Green, E. F. Rooke, Donald R. moor^. Walter Leon 1940 Brandt, 'Roger Ingham, Herbert S. Ruckel-, George F., M.5 Nichols. Dr. Dean. M.D Blackinton, Roswell J. Brown, Charles M. Keeley, James Schaak, Frank A,, Jr, Nolte. Claude B. Brose. Frederic M. Brown, Sheldon W., A.E. Kircher, Charles E., Jr. Sharp. Robert P. ~oggi,Martin J. Burton, Clifford C. Bruce, Victor G. Kuykendall, Charles E. Sherborne, John E. Radcliffe, Fremont Ch'en, Shang-Yi, Ph.D. Church, A. Stanford, M.S. Clingan, Forest M. Webster, Paul W. Stirling, Cedric W., M.S. Neutzel, Hans Jasper, Richard N. Cox, Richard H. Weller, LeRoy A.. Jr Strickland, Charles P. Odell, Francis E. Killian, Roy G. Densmore, Robert E. Widenmann, John A. Sutton, Richard A. Osgood, George if. Kling, Harry P. Devault, Robert T. 1943 Tenney, Frederick Parks, Robert J. Knox, Robert V. Felberg, Frederick H. Atkins, Earle R., Jr. Terrell, Oscar D. Proctor, Brian Leo, Robert E. Franzini, Joseph B. Bacon, John W., Jr. Wheelock, Wayne S. Rattray, Mauri~e,1 i . Letin, Leslie H. Fuller, W. P., Jr., M.S. Blayney, James A. Young. James A., Jr. Rempel, John R. Mac Dougall, Donald D. Gold, S. Kendall Buchanan, John Wm. 1944 Saplis, Raymond A. Macomber, Mark M. Hall, Robert N. Bunker, Earle R., Jr. Allingham, Robert E. Schnacke, Arthur W. Markham, Richard G. Head, Alfred B. Carter, Claude L. Almquist, Charles C,Jr. Shor, George G., Jr. Moore, Max H. Head, Richard M. Christeanson, W. L. Amster. Warren H. Sigworth, Harrison W. Myers, William A. Hendrickson, Willard J. Dubbs, Clyde A. Andrews. Twav W. Smith, Frank C., Jr. Nichols, John H. Hicks, William B. Farmer, Howard N.. Jr. Bair, WilliaLP. Smith, George F. Ott. Lloyd E. Hill, David L. Frost, Robert C. Chadwick, Joseph H., Jr. Smith, Philip B. Parker, Warren H., Jr. Hoagland, Clifford C. Granicher, Donald I. Clendenen, Frank B. Smith, Philip H. Parks, Jerome V. Hunt, Carter Griffith, George D. DeRemer, Kenneth Ross Soike, Richard J. Phillips, Robert E. Irving, Jack H. Gustavson, Robt. G. Dethlefsen, Douglas G. Soloman, Joseph Piudden. Terry M. Jephcott, Donald K. Halpenny, William H. Donsbach, Weldon R. Swanson, Wilbur M. Scapple, Robert Y. Kennedy, Wm. G. Hull, James B. Earl, Joseph B. Trilling, Leon Schmoker, Robert F. Kumm, Emerson L. Johnson, Kenneth W. Furer, Albert B., M.S. Ukropina, John R. Shauer. Kenneth M. Lind, George W., Jr. Jones, Wendell L. Garland. John I.. Jr. Weidman, Robert M. Snyder, Donald C. Lutz, Philip B. Kendall, George A. Green Leon, Jr. Whitmore, Tohn F. Springer, Richard E. Lyle, Francis V. Klein, David J. Greenwood, Donald T. Zivic, John A. Stefanoff, John J. McClain, John F., Jr. Larson, Robert L. Higgins, Horace M. 1945 Stern, John L. MacRostie, Wayne Lawrence Theodore G. Hinton, Warren D., Jr. Austin, Dale H. Stevenson, Kenneth M. Mader, Paul M. Lingle, Harrison C. Hughes, Winfield H. Bennett, Robert R , M.S. Sullivan, Grant D. Makepeace, G. R. McGee, Charles G. Kettler, Jack R. Bolster, Eugene W. Taylor, Edward C., Jr. Mitchel, Walter P. Mead, Orin Knemever. Franklin H. Cutler, Charles R. Tillman, Donald C. Nyborg, Meredith M. Miller, Herman Knudsin, Richard A. B. Davy, Louis H. Tookey, Robert C. Paul, Albert D. Moore, Robeit A. Kruse, Frederick W., Jr. Dodder, Donald C. Traverse, Donald K. Pichel, Pichel W. Morris, Deane N. Kuhns, Richard E. Elko, Edward R. White, Ralph S. Price, Harrison A. Neufeld, Lester N. Lester, Robert W. Elliott, William I. Wilson, Melvin N., Jr. Ruhel, John H. Powlesland, Kenneth L. Lin, Chia-Chiao, Ph.D. Erkel, Albert A. Winter, Ralph D. Schureman, Kenneth D. Pugh, Lawrence R. Lockwood, Wm. E., Jr. Fenn, George S. 1946 Shapiro, Haskell Reid, D. C. Long, Neville S. Ford, Harold H. Ahern, Dennis J. Smith, Jack C., Ph.D. Rhoades, Rex V. McAnlis, Robert G. Francis, Donald L. Barnes. John W., M.S. Tomlinson, E. P., Ph.'D. Ridland, Alexander C. Martin, Joseph S. Gerber, Rdyinond C., Ji. Buford, Phillip N. True, Leighton J. Schneider, Aithur J. R. Miller, Charles B. Gerty, John M. Burde, Charles E. Urbach, Kenneth Sherwin, Robert M. Mettler, Ruben F. Harrington, Jerome ~urke,John J. Van Orden, Roy C. Smith, M. Curtis Mitchell, John A. Harvey, Clifford O., Jr. Calligeros, John P. Veonhuyzen, Paul N. A. Steinle, Shelton Edward Morris, Fred W., Jr. Henry, Richard V. Chalmers, James F. Veronda, Carol M. Stephenson, Jack D., M.S. Nahas, Robert T. Hook, Joseph F. Colley, Joseph P.

@ The eyes have rigid requirements in efficient lighting. Smoot-Holman certified illumination mei those requirements with unvarying quality 2nd Engineers Steel Tape performance created by superior engineering Assures A longer Life Of More Accurate Measuring and skill Beaury, high 1 efficiency "tnd dependable Non-glore Chrome-Clad salin finish  Super-strong rustproof metal disc operation ire the on line-extra durable, will not reel with perforated sides to aid in crack, chip, peel, or corrode. cleaning and drying. hallmarks of the finer lighting equipment that ¥Permanen jet black markings, Adjusloble leather strop handle prominent size aids easy and ac- affords firm hold . . . long winding bears the Smoot-Holman curate reading-graduations extend handle, line-locking type. label in institutional, la edge of line. ¥Supplie with two improved pot- commercial and industrial ¥Sturd %-in. line, fully subdivided, larn, removable finger rings. Ring nstallauons. "Instantaneous" Readings . . . de- locks under spring protecting first laches and attaches easily to reel. end. In 50,100, or 200-ft. lengths, marked feet, 10th~and lOOths, or feet, inches and 8ths . . . standard and extra-heavy models. 1 See them at your nearest Lufkin dealer. TAPES RULES

95-A

OFFICES OUSL IN "Ml FRANCISCO Uelano, Kichard H. Hall, Elmer E., Jr., M.S. Butler, Stuart M., Jr. Roskowski, Edward F. Harmon, Leonard E., A.E. Deodati, Joseph B.. M.S. Hawthorne. Robert G. Chinn, Elroy Kui Chon Ruddick, Ronald B. Hayward, David K. Ellis, Douglas S. Hodgeis, Merwyn E. Christopherson, W. A. Rypinski, Chandos A., Jr. Heiman, Jarvin R. Essig, Frederick C. Imster, Harry F., M.S. Cox, Arthur N. Sefton, Wayne E. Herzig, Wayne M. Fayram, Richard A., M.S. Keck, Henry C., 1.73. Dalton, Robert D., Jr. Shiells, James F., Jr. Hibbard, Don E. Fleming, John E. Lund, Le Val. Jr. Davis, James Robert Skogstad, Leif, M.S. Hubay, Paul W. Frohman, Robert N. McClure, Gordon Davis, Wayne K. Spalding, Donald P., Jr. Hummel, James A. Gates, Frank S. McDonald, Robert R. Deutsch, Daniel H. Stix, Thomas H. Johrde, Raymond A. Hopkins, Donn E. Mason, John L. Ferrell, Richard A. Stone, Robert S. Katz, Eli Hufford, George A. Mendes, Stanley H. Fletcher, Taylor C. Tracy, Tom Keinonen, Frank W. Ida, Edward S. Miller, Charles N. Fullerton, Paul Wm., Jr. Waters, Alfred Earnest King, Daniel W. Jensen. Loins K. Moore. Return F. Fung, Yuan-Cheng, Ph.D. Wechsler, Joseph W. Knight, Charles H., Jr. Jessen, Howard E. Mueller, Albert H. 1. Gavril, Bruce D. Williamson, William J. Kohnen, Keith D. Jurach, Paul J. Opperman, David R. Hall, Edward N., M.S. Winchester, Robert L. Kostelac, John F. Kuck, Richard G, Pascoe, Lucien A. Harrison, Stanley R. Wolf, Frank J. Love, John R. Lang, Serge Rice, Harold E.. A.E. Hedenberg, John W. Zacharias, Robert Lowrey, Richard O., M.S. Lewis, Charles H M.S. Royden, Herbert N. Henigson, Robert McIntosh, James A., I.D. Lockwood, Glynn H Schwennesen. J. L.. M.S. Hybertsen, Horace M. 1949 Morrison. Donald R. McCarthy, James L. Shaw, Charles B., Jr. Kaplan, Abner Alien. Thomas E., I.D. Muehlberger, William R. Meixner, George D.. 1I. Shoemaker, Eugene M. King, Robert I. Allinder, Forrest S., Jr. Nicolai, Fred H. Misner. William G. Six, Lyle D. Lamson, Philip Andres, John M. Patterson, Richard L. Nurre, Vincent W. Terry, John P. Lang. Thomas G. Archer, William E. Peterson, Donald W. Rechtin, Eherhardt Trueblood, K. N., Ph!D. Lewis, Howard B., Jr. Barnes, Stanley M. Pilling, Robert R. Siegel, Robert C. Vadhanapanich, Charoen Lovelace, Donald E. Barr, John G. Pyle, William D. Steele, Harry M., Jr. Van Deerlin. David B. Bornstein, Murray IS., M.S. Rosicky, Fred G., M.S. Vieweg, Arthur MacMillan. Robert S. Stephenson, Elliott 0. F. Markowitz, Irwin L. Brown, Douglas R. Rumer, William I. Strong, Herbert W.. Ji. Werner, Parard B. Browne. Daven~ort.Tr. Satre, Leland H. Wyszpolski. E. F.. M.S. Maishall, Warren M., 111 . ,- Wilhurn, V/m. C., M S. Carter.-~--- Hush C. Schneider, Fred C. Mehl, Ross M. 7 -- ~~---- Woods, Howard R. Curtis, F. A., Jr.. M.S. Shore, Bernard 1948 Moore, Boude C. Zdgorites, Jerry A. Mullen, John K. Dantine, Walter A., M.S. Simons, William H. Alexander, Richard C. Murphy, Charles G. Dobrowolski, Joseph A. Six, Don E. 1947 Anderson, Rogei A. Drapes, Alex G. Six. Gene D. Bearson, Robert Attias, John J. Oberman, Carl R. Fasola, Henry, Jr. Smith. Emerson W., M.S. Olson, Norman E. Belvea.. , Robert C Bagley, Alan Stevenson Flam. Frederick H. Thomas, John H. Bennett. Dudley Barlow, Griffith C. Otto, Donald W. Fletcher, Aaron N. Vaughan, Philip A., Ph.D. ~eymer,Ellis H. Barraclough, Robert P. Paul, Charles Craig, I.D. Forester, Charles F. Vogel, Milton C. Cald~iell,David 0. Baugh, Harold W. Peeler, Robert, Jr. Funk, Robert B. Vrabec, Arundale Comlossy, Harold Bayley, Rupert M. Phillips, E. V., M.S. Gardiner, Kenneth W. Walance, Charles G. Cooke, Dalid A , MS. Blenkush, P. G., M.S. Rasrnussen, John O., Jr. Gould, Nathaniel Walquist, Robert L. Cowan, Edwin J. Botts, William E. Rigsby, George Pierce Green, Alan H., M.S. Waters, Warren P. Felberg, Richard L. Brown, Robert J. S. Roberson, Harvey L. Green, Joseph M. Witkin, Donald E., MS. Gammans, George G. Buchanau. J. M., MS. Roehm, Richard M. Greene, Ronald C. Wolf, Leo, I.D.

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1914 ily, and Ernie not only thinks this entitles and Edwin G. Johnsen '43. And Tech men Virgil F. Morse writes that he is work- him to the prize for the class of '21, but in the same Division include Ralph T. ing for the City of Los Angeles as C.E. 'should be a fair challenge to some of Taylor '18, and Ernst Maag '26. assistant in the Van Nuys Branch of the the rest of the years too." Manley W. Edwards, who for the past City Engineer's Office. Currently concen- 1925 13 years has served as an engineer on the trating on street design, he worked on the Edwin F. Thayer, until recently editor staff of the Public Utilities Commission Hyperion Sewage Disposal Plant before of Tide, a national magazine in the adver- of the State of California, has been pro- his transfer to the Van Nuys Branch. The tising field, is now business manager of moted to the new position of Supervising Morses live in Pacoima, have five children the midget magazine Quirk. He is living Engineering Examiner. This position was (four boys and a girl) and-at last re- in Westport, Conn. created on July 1, 1950 to expedite the port-nine grandchildren. Horace 'C. Adams writes that he's still proce-sing and hearing of the many appli- 1924 with the Elertrochemicals Dept. at E. I. ct!tion< for rate increases by the major George B. Stone has been General Man- du Pont de Nemours & Co., but during pri~ateelectric, gas, water and telephone ager of the Los Angeles Branch of the the past year he's been shifted around as utilities in the state. Pacific Electrical & Mechanical Co. since follows: In October 1949, he left his Dr. Trygve D. Yensen, Ph.D., manager 1943. The company, which engages in post as Plant Superintendent at El Monte, of the magnetic department of the West- electrical construction and contracting, has California, to take on a special assignment inghouse Research Laboratories in East installed the electrical wiring in a number in the Production Division at Wilmington, Pittsburgh, Pa., died on July 2 in Prest- of buildings on the Caltech campus-has, Delaware. In May, 1950, he moved out wick, Scotland. Dr. Yensen, who had in fact, just finished installing the electri- of this spot into the Production Division of retired from his We~tinghousepost just a cal work in the new M.'E. building. the plant at Niagara Falls, N. Y.-where, week previous, was en route to Oslo, 1921 when last heard from, he still was. Norway, to pass his retirement with his Malcolm MacDonald, ex-'21, is now 1926 four brothers. Principal of San Fernando High School Robert W. Moodie is now employed as Dr. F. A. Nickell. M.S. '28, Ph.D. '31, in Los Angeles. a Senior Structural Engineer by the State returned to his home in Pasadena for a E. H. Minitie, General Manager of the of California-in the Design & Planning short vacation this summer from his job Minitie Company, Filtration Engineers, re- section of the Division of Architecture of as consulting geologist for the Israel gov- ports the arrival of a new grand-daughter the Department of Public Works in Los ernment in the Near East. His job is to in June. This makes it five children and Angeles. Two other Tech men in the same suggest the best method of irrigating four grandchildren for the Minitie fam- Section are Raymond H. F. Soothe '36 Israel.

ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OFFICERS PRESIDENT SECRETARY BOARD OF DIRECTORS G. K. Whitworth '20 D. S. Clark '29 R. C. Armstrong '28 John E. Sherborne '34 Theodore Coleman '26 Donald C. Tillman '45 VICE-PRESIDENT TREASURER Robert J. Hare '21 A. C. Tutschulte '31 R. P. Sharp '34 H. R. Freeman '25 William 0. Wetmore '37 ALUMNI CHAPTER OFFICERS Chicago Chapter: New York Chapter: PRESIDENT Jack M. Roehm, M.S. '35 PRESIDENT Richard K. Pond '39 Hagen Lane, Flossmoor, 111. 174 North 19th St., East Orange, N. J. Pullman-Standard Car Mfg. Co., 1414 Field St., Westinghouse Electric Co., 150 Pacific Ave., Hammond, Ind. Jersey City, N. J. VICE-PRESIDENT Le Van Griffis '37 11141 S. Longwood Dr., Chicago 43 VICE-PRESIDENT Mason A. Logan '27 Armour Research Foundation, 35 W. 33rd St.. Chicago 16 17 Pittsford Way, Summit, N. J. Bell Telephone Labs, 463 West St., New York City SECRETARY-TREASURER Ehen Vey ,41 5125 S. Kenwood, Chicago 15 Illinois Institute of Tech., 3300 S. Federal St., Chicago SECRETARY-TREASURER Erwin Baumgarten '40 302 E. Front St., Apt. B-16, Plainfield, N. J. San Francisco Chapter: Calco Division, American Cyanamid Co., PRESIDENT R. I. Stirton '30 Bound Brook, N. J. 745 Alvarado Road, Berkeley Oronite Chemical Co., 38 Sansome St., San Francisco VICE-PRESIDENT Jerome Kohl '40 1149 A High Court. Berkeley 8 Washington, D. C., Chapter: Tracerlab, Inc., 2295 San Pablo Ave., Berkeley PRESIDENT Charles Lewis Gtizin '27 SECRETARY-TREASURER R. R. Bowles '41 6420 Broad St., Brookmont, Md. 7960 Terrace Drive, El Cerrito Calif. Research Corp., 576 Standard Ave., Richmond The San Francisco Chapter meets for lunch at the SECRETARY-TREASURER Clarence A. Burmister '25 Fraternity Club, 345 Bush Street, every Thursday. 5704 Wilson Lane. Bethseda 14, Md. "More than 200,000 'immigrants ~oured cession with the Boy Scouts, YMCA Board 1933 into the are? last year," he said, "and of Directors, YMCA Camp and then a Stan Keenan writes from Venice that next year another 450,000 are expected.. . term on the South Pasadena Community he's now working for the Los Angeles In spite of this huge influx of people, Chest-of which I was president last year. City Power System as an Assistant Auto- however, the land is not incapable of After a dozen years with C. F. Braun am motive Engineer, after having taught growing food . . . What these people need now nearing a dozen with the Southwest school for two years at the Cal-Aero Tech- is water." Welding and Manufacturing Company in nological Institute in Glendale. During Dr. Nickel1 was formerly connected with Alhambra. Still have the same slide rule, the war he worked at Douglas Aircraft. the United States Department of Reclama- same wife, and same uickname-but less Earl E. Barnett has been on Pacific tion and he participated in the planning and less justification for it." (The nick- Tel. & Tel.'s General Plant Staff since the and building of Hoover and Grand Coulee name? - "Hasty"). war, in connection with radio and tele- Dams. Robert J. White, still with the Baroid vision services. For the past year he has S. B. Biddle, Jr., still working for Leeds Sales Division of the National Lead Co , been ih charge of toll and television & Northrnp, moved from the San Francisco has shifted from the Houston, Texas, to s~rvicein Hollywood and at Mount Wilson, to the Seattle office ovei the summer. the Los Angeles office. a< Supervising Wire Chief. He's moved 1929 W. I. Olney, partner in the Olney to Hermosa Beach, "where the swimming Harold M. Huston comes up with a full- Brothers rug and furniture cleaning firm and fishing are both good and our seven- Jrecs account of his activities through the in Pasadena, has been elected president year-old son enjoys the beach as much as last decadewhich, he adds, seems to oi the East Pasadena Lions Club. Hopalong Cascidy on TV." have been "the most rugged of all." 1930 1934 "Pressure from all directions is intense," William B. Hatch, lr. writes that he's Duncan A. McNaughton, M.S., received he says, "-business, civic, fraternal, fiscal, still in the "gneral insurance and land his Ph.D. in Geology at USC this June. juveniles, bebop, TV and taxes. Have a surveying business in Twentynine Palms, Carroll C. Craig writes that he has, for daughter in Stanford, a swain-aged son in now has three daughters. the pa% three years, been owner and gen- South Pasadena High. Took and taught Roscoe Downs, a member of the firm of eral manager of the Fidelity Manufactur- ESMWT (Engineering, Science, Manage- Bressi & Bevanda in Los Angeles, is gen- ing Co. in Los Angeles, manufacturers ment and War Training) courses in Cal- eral manager of the contractor's operations of photographic equipment. He is a Lieu- tech's Industrial Relations Section during for all tunnel and surge-chamber work on tenant Commander in the USNR and, the war; then taught a course in cost the Owens Gorge Hydro-Electric Project. since September 1949, Commanding Officer estimating to the now-extinct Industrial The project - for the development of of the Los Angeles Volunteer Reserve Design graduate students. 112,500 kw of power - is being built Ordnance Unit. "After a term on the Alumni Associa- for the City of Los Angeles 20 miles north 1935 tion Board, I got involved in quick suc- of Bishop. John Ritter is resident engineer for the State Division of Highways on the con- struction of the Virgil Ave.-Western Ave. - unit of the Hollywood Freeway. Kenneth S. Fitter appeared in the August 29 iswe of Look as one of the partners in creating people whom Look Applauds. "At 36," says Look, "he holds perhaps the most K & E drafting instruments, equipment and materials challenging scientific job in the world . . . have been partners of leading engineers for 81 years Director of the Division of Research of in shaping the modern world. So extensively are these the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. As products used by successful men, it is self-evident that such. he coordinates all atomic research in K & E has oloved a oort in the comoletion of nearly the physical sciences in universities and

AEC laboratories " Tyler Thompson, who received his Ph.D. ii. Philosophy at Boston University in June, is now a member of the faculty of Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa. He is married and has three daughters. Jack Palter has been working for the City of Long Beach since returning from a job on the Columbia River Highway in Oregon. He recently passed the two-day exam for Civil Engineer Registration, has decided to stay in Southern California per- manently, "after quite a bit of roving." 1939 John Ka-)e, M.S. '48, who has been working at the Institute's Hydrodynamics Laboratory since December 1945, joined the faculty of George Washington Uni- versity (in Washington, D. C.) as Assist- ant Professor of Mechanical Engineering. Delos Flint, geologist with the U. S. Geological Suney in Washington, D. C. KEUFFEL & ESSE was married in New York this summer to EST ~~e7 . Frances McCormick of Delmar, N. Y. NEW YORK HOBOKEN, N. J. Ra~mondA. Saplis '44 was best man, Chicago St. Louis * Detroit Son Francisco Los Angeles Montreal Ray Gerhart '39 one of the ushers. 1940 voltimeters, electronic microammeters, port- gineering there. He and his wife an- John Bell Cabell, M.S., was killed acci- able 0-30 KV power supplies and portable nounced the birth of their third child- dentally in a fall at White Water Falls, projection oscilloscopes. and first girl-on June 15. S. C. on May 27. He had been on active William D. Lewis, M.S., has been ad- J. R. Allan writes that he's still at duty with the Corps of Engineers. vanced to the post of senior geologist in Todd Shipyards in San Pedro: was mar- J. M. Watkins has become Assistant to the Bakersfield offices of the General ried in 1947 to Margaret Follansbee; had the Head of the Design and Production Petroleum Corporation. He has been with a son, Robert, born in 1948; is active in Department at the Pasadena Annex of the the firm since 1945. several southern California pipe smokers Naval Ordnance Test Station. 1941 clubs, a v.p. in the International Associa- Cyd Biddison writes that he's still work- Preston M. Hill, MS., received his Ph.D. tion of Pipe Smokers Clubs-and would ing as Structural Designer for John Case, in June from Ohio State University. be pleased to hear from anyone interested Structural Engineer, in Los Angeles. Cyd's Robert R. Bowles has taken on a new or curious about pipe club activity. son, Mark Ellis, is 17 months old now, job as research engineer for the California S. K. Gold and his wife announce the and a daughter, Celeste Marie, was born Research Corp., doing technical service arrival of their first child, a boy, on May last March. work in catalytic cracking at the 'Rich- 27th. D. B. Carson is back in the Los Angeles mond refinery of the Standard Oil Com- 1943 office oi the General Electric Co., after pany of California. The Bowles's wel- John M. Essick. MS., and Rose Koum- completing a one-year refresher course in comed a third son, Steven Edward, last jian were married this summer in Holly- the Industrial Engineering Divisions of February. Robert Jr. is now 7 and Rich- wood, and took off on a two-month wed- GE at Schnectady, New York. ard 5. ding trip through Candda. Pierre Marcel Honnell, MS., received Major Frank G. Casserly, USMC, re- 0. D. Terrell comes up with a full set hifa Ph.D. at Saint Louis University last ceived his M.S. in Engineering Electronics of vital statistics-as follows : June. from the U. S. Naval Postgraduate School Family: Wife Kathryn, Married 1947 Victor Wouk, M.S., Ph.D. '42, who has at Annapolis in June. He is now stationed Son Jeff, Born 1949 been President and Chief Engineer of the with the Marine Corps Equipment Board Work: Navdl Ordnance Test Station, Pasa- Beta Electric Corp. in New York City in Quantico, Va. dena; Mechanical Engineer; Head, since it was founded in 1947, writes that 1942 Structures Branch the firm has now taken larger quarters, Frank Andrew Fleck and his wife have Home: Arcadia; Moved into new home with five times the production area of a new daughter, Barbara-born July 5. there in 1950 the old plant. The company specializes Joseph B. Franzini, M.S. '43, recently Recreation: Have weekend cabin; all in custom-built high voltage power sup- received a PhD. from Stanford, is now friends welcome plies, along with a standard line of kilo- acting as Assistant Professor of Civil En- Habits: Bad

Oil Properties Consultants, FOR ENGINEERING, TOOLING, OR Complete Petroleum and Production CONTRACT MAlNUFA Engineering Service STRAIGHT THROUGH FROM BLUE PRIlNT . . . Subsurface Geology 0 Micropaleontology . . . TO PRODUCTION LINE Reservoir Mechanics Secondary Recovery and Evaluation Registered Engineers Petroleum Engineering Associates, Inc. Complete Laboratory Service Core-Analysis 0 PVT @ Fractional Analysis ALM . Florent H. Bailly, '27 Ren6 Engel, Ph.D. '33 709-711 South Fair Oaks Avenue Sycamore 3-1156 Robert A. McIntyre, M.S. '38 5825 District Blvd. Pasadena 2, California Ryan 1-8141 Logan 5-5329 Los Angeles 22, Calif.

ALUMNI CALENDAR 1950 - 51 Meters & Controls for Every Type & Size Boiler September 20 Oxy-Caltech Kickoff Luncheon Industrial Instruments and Regulators September 21 Open House Remote Reading and Control Systems December 1 Square Dance Engineered Condensation Drainage & Automatic Boiler Feeding Systems February 3 Dinner Dance Flow and Pressure Regulating Valve Specialties April 14 Annual Seminar June 6 Annual Meeting 2417 Riverside Drive Los Angeles 26 Normandy 5190 Normandy 7124 Bob Bennett writes that, of the 11 mem- whole Wolf family spent two months in is doing graduate work in sculpture. hers of the '43 Fleming Marriage Pact. Florida this summer while -41 worked on Donald C. Tillman, M.S. '46, Civil En- ''only Bill Fair has failed to earn his $10 the optical instrumentation for "Bun~per" giner Associate with the Street and Park- reward. Jim Bluyney and I have each firings-the family now including Kathy, way Design Division of the City of Los been awarded the 50% bonus that goes 3. and Terri, 1. Angeles, is teaching an 18-week course with having a boy, while Len Alpert, Jack David R. Shefchik reports that he was this la11 at San Bernardino Valley College Spencer, Kenny Johnson and Bob Bragg married in October, 1949 to Dorothy on Street and Highway Traffic Engineer- have girls-in fact Johnson and Bragg Savage of Duluth, Minn. Until this sum- ing. each have two. The hunch has scattered mer Dave was working as Master Mechanic 1946 as far south as Texas, as far east as Illi- at the Rabbit Lake & Mahnomen Iron Ore Howard R. floods and his wife an- nois, and as far north as Seattle. Most of Mines for Pickands Mather & Co. in nounced the arrival of a son, Jerry, on the boys are still working as engineers. Crosby, Minn., where he is Assistant Iron July 14. They're living in Bell, California. though Bragg is becoming a Butane Ore Treatment Plant Supervisor for the Howard Jeuen and Mary Susan Carson tycoon, Spencer and Fair are teaching: same firm on the Mesahi Iron Range. ot Omaha announced their engagement and am a head janitor for the phone I ff'esley Sandell was married last Fehru- in August. plan to he married this winter. company - well. building maintenance ary to Ingrid Andersson of Stockholm. Howard works with the Circo Steel Prod- supervisor.'' Sweden. He's working as a quality con- ucts Co. in Omaha. Jesse Blaine Graner received his M.S. ti01 engineer in the Hollywood processing William Moje, who received his Ph.D. in Petroleum Engineering at USC in June. plant of Eastman Kodak. from UCLA this June is now at the Uni- Edward I. Brown writes that he's now Neville S. Long has been transferred versity of Illinois in Champaign as a employed by a company where most of from the McNary Dam on the Columbia Post-Doctoral Fellow. He and wife Su- the "responsible" jobs are held by Cal- River to Pine Flat Dam on the Kings zanne have two children-Steven, 3, and tech men - Marquardt Aircraft in Van River in California where he is Engineer- Peggie 1. Nuys. The firm employs about 25 Caltech ing Assistant to the Structural Steel and engineers. Ed is in Preliminary Design. Rigging Superintendent. Milton A. Strauss, M.S. '48, formerly James A. Blayney and his wife an- 1945 employed by the American Institute of nounced the arrival of a son on May 29. John D. McKenner, M.S. '49, was mar- Aerological Research in Pasadena has Peter Dehlinger. M.S., Ph.D. '50, has ried this month to Joan Sawyer of Pasa- moved to Lake Mills, Wisconsin, where he been appointed to the staff of Battelle dena. is now in the summer resort business with Institute in Columbus, Ohio, where he will Jack Dewey Kranse received the degree his father. Milt had one young daughter be engaged in research for the oil well of Master of Business Administration from last we heard and was due to welcome

+ri!li".":"Â¥)..c,.- Elz y,gg f crrr.er1 "SSEO ~ another addition to the family <;ornptim- a -.-----* J. USC this Tzze. dated with the Shell Oil Company in Harold H. Ford, who received a Profes- this summer. Los Angeles. sional degree in Industrial Design from Edward S. Ida has been transferred by 1944 Caltech in 1948 is now a senior designer the Otis Elevator Co. to Sacramento, Cornelius Steelink and Paul Hugo in General Motors Styling Section in where he is now Local Manager. Ed and Winter received M.S. degree? from USC Detroit. He has been doing appearance his wife, the former Barbara Engle, have in June - Steelink in Chemistry and design in the Product Design Studio there, two daughters-Janice, 2, and Carol, not Winter in Civil Engineering. and engineering development work in the yet 1. Allen E. Wolf is employed at the Ballis- Body 'Development Studio. He and his 1947 tic Research Laboratories, Aherdeen Prov- wife are living in a Detroit suburb near John Latimer Mason, M.S. '48, Ph.D. '50, ing Ground, as an electronic scientist. The Cranhrook Art Academy, where 'Mrs. H. and Mary Frances Draeger of Beverly

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ARMY AND NAVY ACADEMY Carlsbad, California Life Insurance Annuities WHERE THE CAMPUS MEETS THE SURF If you ore interested in a school of distinction for your son LYLE H. CHENEY investigate this tully accredited military academy. One of the West's oldest. The only school in the West located New York Life Insurance Company immediately "on thà Oca~, Ryan 1-6191 Security Building Summer Camp - Cam Pacific Sycamore 2-7141 Pasadena 1, Calif. FO~catalogue: BOX E, ~arlsbad,California

ATKINSON LABORATORY DAMES & MOORE LOS ANGELES CALIFORNIA I 'Fi-en! \\. Dames '33 William W. Moo~e".Ã Soil Mechanics Investigations Photographic Photographic GIOffices: 816 West Fifth Street. Los Angeles 13 Research Chemicals 1 Regional OITirra it1 RALPH B. ATKINSON '30 Los Angeles San Francisco Portland Seattle New York Hills were married late this summer. Lawrence Noon, M.S. '49, is now work- Tech there. Rolf spent the summer at Robert Malcolm Stewart Jr. and Beverly ing for the Technicolor Motion Picture the Georgia Tech Experiment Station. Wade were married in South Pasadena in Corporation as Assistant to the Process Charlei George Wu1imi.e and his wife July. Both Stewarts have been with the Supervisor in Los Angeles. He was mar- announced rhe arrival of Ann Elizabeth Pasadena Civic Orchestra. ried in December 194.9 to Dorothy Dale, on July 9. Albert Mueller, M.S. '49, and Ardita lives in Pasadena. Alien T. Puder. M.S., has completed Williams of San Marino announced their Arthur N. Cox writes from Pretoria, the Westinghouse Graduate training pro- engagement on July 9, plan to be married Traniivaal in the Union of South Africa, gram, is now working as an engineer for in December. where he is doing astronomical research developing high temperature materials for Manjred Elmer, M.S. '48. and Gretchen with Dr. John B. Irwin of Indiana Uni- gas and steam turbines in wuth Philadel- Gentner of Pasadena were married in versity: "We are having a great time here phia. The Puderis live in a Philadelphia June, honeymooned in Colorado and have in this double-language country with all suburb and-moht important of all-have settled down in South Pasadena. He's its wonderful scenery. I hope to cover two twin girls, born on Vpril 6. working for his Ph.D. in Aeronautics at most of the scenery by the end of January Robert M. Sfwart, M.S. '50. and Bev- the Institute. when I must return to Indiana University erly Wade of South Pasadena v~howere Harold Comloisy, Jr. and Ann Eccles of to continue my graduate work. Trust the married on July 8, now live in Berkeley, Eagle Rock were married in Los Angeles weather is as nice in Pasadena as it is where Bob is a Junior Chemical Engineer on July 2, honeymooned in Santa Barbara, in South Africa." at Cuttt-r Laboratories. now live in South Gate. 1949 1950 John A. Kelly M.S. '47 and Gayle Zeiss Edward Levonian is now in India, where Odd1 Carson is working in the Techni- were married in early June in Los Altos. he expects to remain about a year. He cal Division at the Hanford Works near He's an aeronautical engineer at Moffet and his brother-in-law have initiated an Richland, Washington. This is the pluton- Field. educational film company and are engaged ium manufacturing plant operated by 1948 in taking 16-mm films of the life of the General Electric for the U. S. Atomic Keith Wilbur Henderson received his people in India, Pakistan, and the Middle Energy Commission. Odell's in the Opera- M.S. in Electrical Engineering from USC East. By ingenuity, audacity, and good tional Training Program, which gives tech- this June. luck they recently succeeded in making nical grads the opportunity of spending Howard W. Green, still living in Pasa- their way into Tibet. They have pene- an average of three months in different dena, writes that he's still working at the trated to a village of the Himalayas so parts of the huge plant before settling same plant, though for a new owner. What remote that the natives had not yet heard down to a permanent assignment. used to be W. C. Hardesty Co., Inc., is of World War 11. Ed also succeeded in Leonard Edeistein, MS., and Elaine now the Vegetable Oil Products Co. in reaching the actual source of the Ganges Platt, who were married in Los Angeles Los Angeles. Big news at the Greens River, "the most sacred spot in the world in June. are now living at Fort Lawton, though, is the arrival of their first baby, for the Orthodox Hindu." He adds: "Hav- Seattle, Wash. Len, who graduated from a girl, on July 20. ing heard that a bath at this point ab- West Point in 1916. was one of nine men John 0. Rasmussen Jr. was married on solves the bather of all previous sins, I selected for bpecial advanced studies at August 27 to Louise Brooks in Red Bluff, hastened to plunge into the icy water." Caltech. Calif. Rolf M. Sinclair is now a graduate Eugone G. Spencer and Charlotte Paris Mayette E. Denson, Jr., MS., Ph.D. '50, student at Rice Institute in Houston, were married in Pasadena on June 16. is working for the Stanolind Oil and Gas Texas, where he has been awarded a Jay Alien, Montgomery and Jean Claire Company in the Research Laboratory in fellowship in physics. Ken Famularo and Edwards were married in June. She Tulsa, Oklahoma. Jim Hummel are two other '49ers from worked in the student employment office.

OLNEY BROTHERS CHEMISTS - BACTERIOLOGISTS - ENGINEERS RUG AND FURNITURE CLEANING Consultation, Research and Testing ORIENTAL RUG EXPERTS 4101 N. Figueroa St., L. A. 65 - CApitol 4148 312 N. Foothill Blvd. Pasadena 8, Calif. C. E. P. Teffrevs, Ph.D. '31 Sycamore 3-0734 Director of Research I Charter Mbr., American Council of Commercial Laboratories

N GEOPHYSICAL COMPANY SEISMIC & GRAVITY EXPLORATION SERVICE 1 455 EL DORADO, PASADENA 5. CALIFORNIA I 595 East Colorado Street Pasadena 1, Calif.

SMITH-EMERY COMPANY since 1910 v A Chemists-Engineers Sycamore 3-1171 Ryan 1-6669 Chemical and Physical Testing Laboratories Books & Stationery Office Equipment 920 Santee Street Los Angeles 15, California 469 E. Colorado Street 1271 E. Colorado Street Member American Council of Commercial Laboratories Pasadena Pasadena ALUMNI ASSOCIATION

CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

STATEMENT OF INCOME For the year ended June 30, 1950

INCOME EXPENSE Dues $6,554.35 Administration: Income from Consolidated Directors Portfolio of C.I.T.: expense Normal income $1,027.20 Postage Gain upon sale of in- Supplies vestments 60.65 1,087.85 Miscellaneous Net income (prior to certain expenses provid- ed for in the General Alumni Fund re- Budget of C I T ) from ports and so- publication of Engineer- licitations: ing and Science Monthly 1,954 28 Printing $666.66 Postage and miscellane- Less expense in connec- ous 232.32 tion with publication of Engineering and Science Associationmem- Allocation to C.I.T. bership solici- for Engineering and tations: Science reserve fund 1,954.28 Printing Subscriptions for Asso- Postage and have all the properties re- ciation members 4.430.00 miscellane- quired of a true electrical con- --- ous 3,212.20 - duit. But National Electric Other income; processes a special steel pipe Program Student relations includ- Committee $2,089.75 $150.00 assistance to stu- into a real quality conduit- Less expense 1,969.94 119.91 dent publications Sherarduct. Social NET INCOME Committee 1,005.10 Less expense '1,055.50 (50.40) Seminar Special high-grade steel is Committee 1,319.00 Spellerized-a kneading Less expenes 1,150.08 168.92 process that produces fine, Athletic even-textured steel. Committee 108.75 Less expense 155.54 (46.79) The Spellerized steel is Placement rolled into pipe, put through Committee 944.00 the Scale-Free process and Less expense 957.77 (13.77) pickled. Sundry 12.26 190.03 This specially treated pipe is Sherardized-an exclusive process of galvanizing that applies zinc to metal under heat. This affords permanent protection against rust. BALANCE SHEET A smooth "Shera-Solution" As of June 30, 1950 enamel is baked into the pores to give acid-resistant surfaces. ASSETS SURPLUS Demand deposit in bank Life membership reserve: Postage deposit Fully paid memberships $23,850.00 Then-and only then-do you Investments, at cost' Payments on life mem- have Sherarduct, a true con- Share in Consolidated berships under the in- Portfolio of C.I.T. stallment payment plan 1,283.50 duit . . . long lasting, easily U. S, Treasury bonds Furniture and fixtures 25,133.50 fished, rust proof, easily bent, Expense applicable to Unappropriated income: strong, easy to handle. 1950-1951 year Balance June 30, 1949 $395.28 Adjustments to Sherarduct is only one of the life member- ship reserve 319.69 many outstanding products LIABILITIES Excess of in- made bv National Electric-a come over ex- Accounts payable $ 27630 pense year reliable source of supply for 1950-1951 membership dues ended' June your future electrical needs. paid in advance 5,104 69 30, 1950 ---1,01370 1,72867 26,86217 5,380 99 $32,243 16

AUDITOR'S REPORT Alumni Association California In my opinion the accompanying balance Institute of Technology sheet and statement of income present fairly Pasadena, California the financial position of Alumni Association I have examined the balance sheet of Alumni California Institute of Technology at ~une30 Association California Institute of Technology lg50 and the results of its operations for the as of June 30 1950 and the related statement Year then ended, in conformity with generally of income for 'the year then ended. My exam- accepted accounting principles applied on a mation was made in accordance with generally basis consistent with that of the preceding year. accepted auditing standards, and accordingly Howard W. Finney included such tests of the accounting records Certified Public Accountant and such other auditing procedures as were considered necessary in the circumstances. September 11, 1950 INY AS IT IS, the little rectangle above is motion pictures, you can "pack" a plow, a plant, a Tthis page in black and white-as it appears whole process into a small can of film . . . travel it on microfilm. Everything there, condensed to a where you will, show it off "large as life" and much mere spot, but ready to be brought back full size more dramatically. with all its features intact. For photography can Only a suggestion . . . this . . . of what photog- reduce tremendously without losing a detail. raphy can do because it is able to condense. And Asa business or prof essional m,you can utilize because it has many other unique characteristics photography's reducing ability in any of many as well, photography is becoming an increasingly important ways. important tool all through science, business, and You can utilize it to save space. . . to speed manufacturing. reference. With Recordak microfilming, you can Whenever you want to improve methods of "debulk files 99%. . . keep the records at hand for recording, measuring, testing, teaching, or count- quick viewing, full size, in a Recordak Reader. less other functions, be sure to consider the un- You can utilize photography to make sales pres- usual abilities and advantages of photography. entations more complete, more resultful. With Eastman Kodak o., Rochester 4, N. Y.

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When the General Electric Research Laboratory was established in 1900, it was the first industrial laboratory devoted to fundamental research. At that time E. W. Rice, Jr., then vice president of Gen- eral Electric, said : hough our engineers have aliuays been liberally supplied every facility for the development of new and original designs and improvements of existing standards, it has been deemed ivise during the past year to establish a laboratory to be devoted exclusively to original research. It is hoped by this means that many profitable fields may be discovered. Many profitable fields were discovered-profitable not only for General Electric but also for industry, the American public, and the world. A half century ago the industrial experimental laboratory w-as itself an experiment. This month it begins its second half century with the dedication of a new building, greatly augmenting the facilities il offers 10 the advancement of man's knowledge.