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Télécharger L'article Complet Au Format Contribution à l’étude des Orchidaceae de Madagascar, des Comores et des Mascareignes. XXXV. Description d’un Oeceoclades nouveau de Madagascar, et notes sur trois genres nouveaux pour les Mascareignes Jean BOSSER IRD, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Département Systématique et Évolution, UMS 0602, case postale 39, 16 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) Bosser J. 2006. — Contribution à l’étude des Orchidaceae de Madagascar, des Comores et des Mascareignes. XXXV. Description d’un Oeceoclades nouveau de Madagascar, et notes sur trois genres nouveaux pour les Mascareignes. Adansonia, sér. 3, 28 (1) : 45-54. RÉSUMÉ Oeceoclades callmanderi Bosser, espèce nouvelle endémique de Madagascar, est décrite. Elle diff ère d’O. fl avescens Bosser & Morat par ses pseudobulbes allongés, cylindriques et la morphologie de son labelle et d’O. sclerophylla (Rchb.f.) Garay & P.Taylor par ses pseudobulbes unifoliés et ses fl eurs plus grandes et diff éren- tes. Trois genres, Holothrix Lindl., Aerangis Rchb.f. et Gastrodia R.Br., ont été MOTS CLÉS Orchidaceae, découverts à La Réunion. Holothrix est représenté par une espèce sud-africaine Oeceoclades, (H. villosa Lindl.), Aerangis par une espèce malgache (A. punctata J.Stewart), Holothrix, Aerangis, une clarifi cation nomenclaturale est apportée sur l’identité de ce taxon ainsi Angraecum, que sur Angraecum curnowianum, la plante appartenant à Gastrodia est décrite Gastrodia, comme espèce nouvelle : G. similis Bosser. Cette espèce est proche de G. afri- Madagascar, Mascareignes, cana Kraenzl. du Cameroun et de G. abscondita J.J.Sm. et G. verrucosa Blume espèces nouvelles. d’Indonésie, mais en diff ère par la morphologie du labelle. ABSTRACT Contribution to the study of Orchidaceae from Madagascar, the Comoro islands and the Mascarenes. XXXV. Description of a new Oeceoclades from Madagascar, and notes on three new genera for the Mascarenes. Oeceoclades callmanderi Bosser, new endemic species from the NE of Madagas- car, is described. It diff ers from O. fl avescens Bosser & Morat by its elongated cylindric pseudobulbs and by the shape of the lip and from O. sclerophylla (Rchb. ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2006 • 28 (1) © Publications Scientifi ques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.adansonia.com 45 Bosser J. f.) Garay & P.Taylor by the unifoliate pseudobulbs and by the larger, morpho- logicaly diff erent fl owers. Th ree genera, Holothrix Lindl., Aerangis Rchb.f. and KEY WORDS Orchidaceae, Gastrodia R.Br., are new for the Mascarenes. Th e species of Holothrix is H. villosa Oeceoclades, Lindl. from South Africa; the species of Aerangis is A. punctata J.Stewart from Holothrix, Aerangis, Madagascar. A nomenclatural clarifi cation is provided about the identity of this Angraecum, taxon and of Angraecum curnowianum. Th e species of Gastrodia is described Gastrodia, as new: G. similis Bosser, related to G. africana Kraenzl. from the Cameroun, Madagascar, the Mascarenes, G. abscondita J.J.Sm. and G. verrucosa Blume from Indonesia, diff ering by the new species. morphology of the lip. DESCRIPTION D’UNE NOUVELLE alt. 10 m, 23.IX.2003, M.W. Callmander, T. Bohnenstengel ESPÈCE DU GENRE OECEOCLADES SW688 (holo-, P!). LINDL. DE MADAGASCAR DESCRIPTION INTRODUCTION Herbe pérenne, terrestre, à rhizome ligneux de Oeceoclades, genre créé par Lindley en 1832, a été révisé 4-5 mm de diamètre. Racines charnues, blanchâ- par Garay & Taylor en 1976. Ces auteurs reconnaissent tres, sur le sec un peu verruqueuses, de 3-4 mm 31 espèces surtout africano-malgaches mais le genre de diamètre. Pseudobulbes unifoliés, homoblasti- est aussi présent en Amérique du Sud, aux Antilles, ques, linéaires-cylindriques, longs de 8-9 cm et de aux Bahamas, aux Mascareignes et aux Seychelles. 0,6-0,8 mm de diamètre, à 3-4 nœuds, les nœuds Dans la revue L’Orchidée, Garreau de Loubresse a portant des gaines membraneuses, brunâtres, se décrit en 1994, O. aurea, espèce du N de Madagas- résolvant en fi bres, cachant entièrement le pseu- car, à fl eurs jaunes, très caractéristiques. En 2001, dobulbe et le dépassant, la gaine apicale longue- Bosser & Morat ont décrit quatre espèces nouvelles ment linéaire, atteignant 13-14 cm de longueur. malgaches et proposé deux noms nouveaux. Dans Feuille glabre, à limbe linéaire, plan, papyracé, cette note, nous discutons des caractères distinctifs longuement atténué en pointe aiguë au sommet, entre le genre Oeceoclades et Eulophia, ces caractères étroitement cunéiforme et rétréci sur le pétiole à étant appréciés diff éremment par les auteurs. la base, 30-32 × 1-1,3 cm, à 3 nervures principales L’espèce décrite ici a été trouvée dans la forêt longitudinales saillantes sur la face inférieure. Pé- côtière du NE de Madagascar. Elle est dédiée à tiole long de 23-24 cm, côtelé, articulé à environ M. Callmander, spécialiste des Pandanaceae, qui l’a 10 cm de la base. Infl orescence dépassant peu la récoltée en compagnie de T. Bohnenstengel. feuille, longue de 65-75 cm, en racème simple. Pédoncule long de 50-60 cm, grêle, ± sinueux, glabre, portant 3-4 gaines caulinaires ovales à Oeceoclades callmanderi Bosser, sp. nov. oblongues, sub-aiguës, membraneuses, longues (Fig. 1) de 1-1,5 cm. Racème long d’environ 15 cm, lâ- che, à 10-15 fl eurs, celles de la base distantes de A O. sclerophylla (Rchb.f.) Garay & P.Taylor anguste 1,5-2 cm ; axe glabre ; bractées fl orales petites, cylindricis unifoliosis pseudobulbis et labelli forma, a O. étroitement triangulaires-aiguës, longues de 3- fl avescenti Bosser & Morat angustiore limbo foliis et la- 4 mm. Ovaire pédicellé glabre, long de 1-1,5 cm ; belli forma diff ert. pédicelle long de 0,5-1 cm. Fleur blanche lavée TYPUS. — Madagascar. Province d’Antsiranana, Cap de pourpre. Sépale médian, étroitement obovale, Masoala, PD3 Beankora, 15°57’S, 50°13’E, forêt littorale, obtus, 14-15 × 4-4,5 mm. Sépales latéraux étroi- 46 ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2006 • 28 (1) Oeceoclades de Madagascar et Holothrix, Aerangis, Gastrodia de La Réunion (Orchidaceae) A B C DE FIG. 1. — Oeceoclades callmanderi Bosser : A, éléments d’une plante fl eurie ; B, fl eur vue de face ; C, corolle disséquée ; D, anthère vue de dessous ; E, une pollinie. Callmander & Bohnerstengel SW688 (P). Échelles : A-C, 1 cm ; D, E, 1 mm. tement obovales, sub-aigus, un peu falciformes, × 5 mm. Labelle quadrilobé, plus large que long, 11-12 × 4-5 mm. Pétales étroitement obovales, long de 11-12 mm, large de 17-18 mm, à base sub-aigus, un peu asymétriques à la base, 11-12 largement arrondie, lobes latéraux obtus, lobes ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2006 • 28 (1) 47 Bosser J. terminaux arrondis à subtronqués au sommet, Genre Holothrix Lindl. longs de 5-6 mm, divergents et délimitant entre eux une profonde échancrure dont la marge est Th e Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants: 257, 283 récurvée au fond du sinus sur les fl eurs adultes ; (1835), nom. conserv. callus sur le palais, charnu, glabre, dressé, bilobé, haut de ± 1,5 mm, prolongé vers l’avant jusqu’au REMARQUES creux du sinus par 3 carènes basses, arrondies, Genre de la sous-famille des Orchidoideae groupant contiguës, fi nement papilleuses. Éperon peu une cinquantaine d’herbes terrestres à tubercules, à une visible sous le labelle, scrotiforme, courtement ou deux feuilles radicales couchées sur le sol, proche cylindrique, arrondi au sommet, base soudée au de Satyrium Sw. et de Habenaria Willd. Ce genre se labelle, partie libre longue de 1,5-2 mm. Colonne trouve en Afrique tropicale, en Afrique du Sud et en haute de 6 mm, un peu concave sur la face anté- Arabie. Il ne se trouve pas à Madagascar. Il existe une rieure. Anthère transversalement elliptique, large récolte ancienne de Holothrix villosa Lindl. faite à La de 2 mm, munie à l’avant d’une courte pointe Réunion par G. de l’Isle en septembre 1875, sur le obtuse et pourvue à l’arrière d’un appendice sentier de Bras Rouge à Cilaos. Ni Frappier dans son charnu, conique, un peu échancré au sommet, catalogue (1880), ni de Cordemoy dans sa Flore de La long de 0,5 mm. Pollinies ovoïdes, longues de Réunion (1895) ne font mention de cette espèce. Cette 0,8-0,9 mm. plante n’avait plus été récoltée jusqu’à nos jours et ce n’est que récemment (2003) qu’elle a été retrouvée dans REMARQUES le Cirque de Cilaos par T. Pailler et M. Szelengowicz. Espèce endémique du NE de Madagascar, de la C’est une espèce de la province du Cap en Afrique du forêt littorale du Cap Masoala, connue par une Sud qui a été récoltée aussi au Zimbabwe. seule récolte. Nous la rapprochons d’O. sclerophylla (Rchb.f.) Garay & P.Taylor à cause de ses feuilles étroites et de son infl orescence en racème simple, Holothrix villosa Lindl. mais cette espèce a des pseudobulbes bifoliés beau- coup plus petits et une fl eur à labelle de forme diff é- In Hooker, Companion to the Botanical Magazine 2: 207 rente. Oeceoclades callmanderi rappelle O. fl avescens (1837). — Type : Afrique du Sud, Province du Cap. Bosser & Morat, récolté aussi dans la forêt côtière MATÉRIEL EXAMINÉ. — La Réunion. Bord du sentier de de l’Est près de Maroantsetra. Ces deux espèces Bras Rouge, Cilaos, IX.1875, G. de l’Isle 600 (P). — Sen- ont en commun des pseudobulbes unifoliés et des tier du Taïbit, Cilaos, 14.X.2003, T. Pailler TP 83 (2) (P, feuilles à limbe papyracé. Mais chez O. callman- REU). — Cilaos, matériel en alcool, reçu le 28.X.2003, deri le pseudobulbe est beaucoup plus allongé et M. Szelengowicz s.n. (P). le limbe foliaire est linéaire, étroit, beaucoup plus long. Les fl eurs sont aussi diff érentes en particulier DESCRIPTION par la morphologie du labelle.
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