DOCSLIB.ORG

INVENTAIRE DES ORCHIDEES DE TALATAKELY PARC NATIONAL DE RANOMAFANA ETUDES MORPHOLOGIQUE ET MOLECULAIRE DE CINQ ESPECES DU GENRE Aerangis (Rchb.F.)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
INVENTAIRE DES ORCHIDEES DE TALATAKELY PARC NATIONAL DE RANOMAFANA ETUDES MORPHOLOGIQUE ET MOLECULAIRE DE CINQ ESPECES DU GENRE Aerangis (Rchb.F.) UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO FACULTE DES SCIENCES Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales Mémoire pour l’obtention du Diplôme d’Etudes Approfondies (D.E.A.) En Biologie et Ecologie Végétales OPTION : ECOLOGIE VEGETALE INVENTAIRE DES ORCHIDEES DE TALATAKELY PARC NATIONAL DE RANOMAFANA ETUDES MORPHOLOGIQUE ET MOLECULAIRE DE CINQ ESPECES DU GENRE Aerangis (Rchb.f.) Présenté par RANDRIANINDRINA Veloarivony Rence Aimée (Maître ès Sciences) Soutenu publiquement le, 31 Janvier 2008 Devant la Commission de jury composée de : Président : Pr. RAJERIARISON Charlotte Examinateurs : Dr. RABAKONANDRIANINA Elisabeth Dr. FALINIAINA Lucien Rapporteurs : Dr. RAKOUTH Bakolimalala Dr. EDWARD Louis Jr. 1 UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO FACULTE DES SCIENCES Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales Mémoire pour l’obtention du Diplôme d’Etudes Approfondies (D.E.A.) En Biologie et Ecologie Végétales OPTION : ECOLOGIE VEGETALE INVENTAIRE DES ORCHIDEES DE TALATAKELY PARC NATIONAL DE RANOMAFANA ETUDES MORPHOLOGIQUE ET MOLECULAIRE DE CINQ ESPECES DU GENRE Aerangis (Rchb.f.) Présenté par RANDRIANINDRINA Veloarivony Rence Aimée (Maître ès Sciences) Soutenu publiquement le, 31 Janvier 2008 Devant la Commission de jury composée de : Président : Pr. Charlotte RAJERIARISON Examinateurs : Dr. Elisabeth RABAKONANDRIANINA Dr Lucien. FALINIAINA Rapporteurs : Dr. Bakolimalala RAKOUTH Dr. Louis Jr. EDWARD 2 REMERCIEMENTS En premier lieu, nous voudrions rendre gloire à Dieu pour sa bienveillance et sa bénédiction. Mené à terme ce mémoire, est le fruit de la collaboration entre Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo (HDZ), Nebraska USA avec le Projet « Madagascar Biodiversity and Biopgeography Project » (MBBP) et le Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales (DBEV) ; ainsi que des interventions de nombreuses personnes auxquelles nous sommes profondément reconnaissantes. Nous remercions particulièrement : Madame le Professeur Charlotte RAJERIARISON, Responsable de la formation du troisième cycle du Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales de la Faculté des Sciences d’Antananarivo de nous avoir guidé, corrigé, et d’avoir bien voulu présider le jury de ce mémoire, malgré ses lourdes préoccupations au sein du Département. Qu’elle trouve ici nos sincères remerciements. Monsieur le Docteur Louis E. Jr. EDWARD, Vétérinaire, Généticien et chercheur au Centre de Conservation et de Recherche (CCR) HDZ, initiateur du projet MBBP, d’avoir apporté son soutien et ses expériences. Il a toujours manifesté à notre égard la plus grande patience et une écoute constante. Nous sommes profondément touchées par sa gentillesse et sa compréhension et nous voudrons exprimer notre profonde gratitude envers lui. Madame le Docteur Bakolimalala RAKOUTH, PhD en Botanique, Maître de Conférences à la Faculté des Sciences, Chef du Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales, pour ses nombreux conseils d’ordre méthodologique et pour la grande disponibilité qu’elle a sue nous accorder dans l’encadrement de ce mémoire. Nos remerciements ne suffiront jamais pour toute l’attention qu’elle a fait preuve à notre égard. Madame le Docteur Elisabeth RABAKONANDRIANINA, Maître de Conférences à la Faculté des Sciences, Enseignante au Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales, qui malgré ses milles occupations, nous a tendu les bras ouverts pour tenir la place d’examinateur de ce mémoire et pour ses conseils et ses aides durant les études sur terrain. Nous lui remercions infiniment. Monsieur le Docteur Lucien FALINIAINA, Maître de Conférences à la Faculté des Sciences, Enseignat au Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales pour les précieux conseils qu’il nous a prodigués et pour accepter de siéger parmi les membres de jury de ce mémoire. Nous lui exprimons notre sincère gratitude. Nous tenons à exprimer nos vifs remerciements à (au) : Docteur Lee G. SIMMONS, DVM, Directeur fondateur du Parc Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo (HDZ), de nous avoir accueillie chaleureusement au sein de son institut. Madame Terri GOUVEIA, Responsable du volet Horticulture au HDZ, Monsieur Fidelis Joseph RAJAONARIVELO, Orchidophile à Ranomafana, et à Herinandrianina Notahianjanahary ANDRIANANJAMANANTSOA, notre collègue, avec qui nous avons beaucoup travaillé ensemble pour la réalisation du travail sur terrain. Madame Shannon E. ENGBERG, Responsable de laboratoire génétique du CCR au HDZ, Monsieur Joseph SMITH, Madémoiselle Sandra BEHNCKE, Dr Lei RUNHUA, Monsieur Gary D. SHORE, Madame Susie M. McGUIRE et Rick A. BRENNEMAN, nos collègues de laboratoire, qui nous ont guidé dans les travaux de laboratoire. Monsieur Benjamin ANDRIAMIHAJA, directeur de MICET (Madagascar Institut pour la Conservation de l’Environnement Tropical) et tous le personnel pour les appuis logistiques Monsieur Hiariniaina RANDRIANIZAHANA, Chef de division de la Recherche sur la Flore et la Faune du Département des Eaux et Forêts. Monsieur Dominique KARADJOFF, pour ses aides et ses informations personnelles. Toute l’équipe de HDZ à Madagascar et à Omaha, pour leurs précieuses collaborations. Le Responsable et le personnel de l’ANGAP Antananarivo et à Ranomafana, et de la DGEF qui nous ont octroyé les permis de recherches. Tous les enseignants et les techniciens de la Faculté des Sciences, Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales. Tous les villageois de Ranomafana qui ont su nous accueillir et nous aider durant notre recherche. Merci à tous les guides qui nous ont accompagné au cours de toutes nos péripéties en forêt. Tous les étudiants de notre promotion « Hanitriniala » et tous les internes qui ont vécu avec nous à Omaha. Toute ma famille ainsi que toute personne, qui de près ou de loin, ont contribué à la réalisation de ce mémoire. Misaotra indrindra SOMMAIRE REMERCIEMENTS..............................................................................................................i SOMMAIRE........................................................................................................................... iii LISTE DES TABLEAUX...................................................................................................... v LISTE DES FIGURES...........................................................................................................vi LISTE DES PHOTOS............................................................................................................vii LISTE DES CARTES............................................................................................................ vii LISTES DES PLANCHES PHOTOGRAPHIQUES.......................................................... viii LISTE DES ANNEXES......................................................................................................... ix LISTE DES ABREVIATIONS..............................................................................................x GLOSSAIRE...........................................................................................................................xii INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................. 1 1 PRESENTATION DU MILIEU D’ETUDE ...................................................................................................... 4 1.1 HISTORIQUE DU MILIEU D’ÉTUDE ........................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 SITUATION GÉOGRAPHIQUE .................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 MILIEU PHYSIQUE ................................................................................................................................................ 6 1.3.1 Topographie ........................................................................................................................................... 6 1.3.2 Géologie ................................................................................................................................................. 6 1.3.3 Pédologie ................................................................................................................................................ 6 1.3.4 Hydrologie ............................................................................................................................................. 8 1.3.5 Climatologie ........................................................................................................................................... 8 1.4 MILIEU BIOTIQUE .............................................................................................................................................. 10 1.4.1 Flore et végétation ................................................................................................................................ 10 1.4.2 Faune .................................................................................................................................................... 12 1.5 MILIEU SOCIAL ................................................................................................................................................. 13 1.5.1 Démographie ........................................................................................................................................ 13 1.5.2 Activités de la population ..................................................................................................................... 13 2 MATERIELS ET METHODES ......................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nitrogen Containing Volatile Organic Compounds
    DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit Nitrogen containing Volatile Organic Compounds Verfasserin Olena Bigler angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Pharmazie (Mag.pharm.) Wien, 2012 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 996 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Pharmazie Betreuer: Univ. Prof. Mag. Dr. Gerhard Buchbauer Danksagung Vor allem lieben herzlichen Dank an meinen gütigen, optimistischen, nicht-aus-der-Ruhe-zu-bringenden Betreuer Herrn Univ. Prof. Mag. Dr. Gerhard Buchbauer ohne dessen freundlichen, fundierten Hinweisen und Ratschlägen diese Arbeit wohl niemals in der vorliegenden Form zustande gekommen wäre. Nochmals Danke, Danke, Danke. Weiteres danke ich meinen Eltern, die sich alles vom Munde abgespart haben, um mir dieses Studium der Pharmazie erst zu ermöglichen, und deren unerschütterlicher Glaube an die Fähigkeiten ihrer Tochter, mich auch dann weitermachen ließ, wenn ich mal alles hinschmeissen wollte. Auch meiner Schwester Ira gebührt Dank, auch sie war mir immer eine Stütze und Hilfe, und immer war sie da, für einen guten Rat und ein offenes Ohr. Dank auch an meinen Sohn Igor, der mit viel Verständnis akzeptierte, dass in dieser Zeit meine Prioritäten an meiner Diplomarbeit waren, und mein Zeitbudget auch für ihn eingeschränkt war. Schliesslich last, but not least - Dank auch an meinen Mann Joseph, der mich auch dann ertragen hat, wenn ich eigentlich unerträglich war. 2 Abstract This review presents a general analysis of the scienthr information about nitrogen containing volatile organic compounds (N-VOC’s) in plants.
    [Show full text]
  • CITES Orchid Checklist Volumes 1, 2 & 3 Combined
    CITES Orchid Checklist Online Version Volumes 1, 2 & 3 Combined (three volumes merged together as pdf files) Available at http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/data/cites.html Important: Please read the Introduction before reading this Part Introduction - OrchidIntro.pdf Part I : All names in current use - OrchidPartI.pdf Part II: Accepted names in current use - OrchidPartII.pdf (this file) - please read the introduction file first Part III: Country Checklist - OrchidPartIII.pdf For the genera: Aerangis, Angraecum, Ascocentrum, Bletilla, Brassavola, Calanthe, Catasetum, Cattleya, Constantia, Cymbidium, Cypripedium, Dendrobium (selected sections only), Disa, Dracula, Encyclia, Laelia, Miltonia, Miltonioides, Miltoniopsis, Paphiopedilum, Paraphalaenopsis, Phalaenopsis, Phragmipedium, Pleione, Renanthera, Renantherella, Rhynchostylis, Rossioglossum, Sophronitella, Sophronitis Vanda and Vandopsis Compiled by: Jacqueline A Roberts, Lee R Allman, Sharon Anuku, Clive R Beale, Johanna C Benseler, Joanne Burdon, Richard W Butter, Kevin R Crook, Paul Mathew, H Noel McGough, Andrew Newman & Daniela C Zappi Assisted by a selected international panel of orchid experts Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Copyright 2002 The Trustees of The Royal Botanic Gardens Kew CITES Secretariat Printed volumes: Volume 1 first published in 1995 - Volume 1: ISBN 0 947643 87 7 Volume 2 first published in 1997 - Volume 2: ISBN 1 900347 34 2 Volume 3 first published in 2001 - Volume 3: ISBN 1 84246 033 1 General editor of series: Jacqueline A Roberts 2 Part II: Accepted Names / Noms Reconnu
    [Show full text]
  • Actes Du 15E Colloque Sur Les Orchidées De La Société Française D’Orchidophilie
    Cah. Soc. Fr. Orch., n° 7 (2010) – Actes 15e colloque de la Société Française d’Orchidophilie, Montpellier Actes du 15e colloque sur les Orchidées de la Société Française d’Orchidophilie du 30 mai au 1er juin 2009 Montpellier, Le Corum Comité d’organisation : Daniel Prat, Francis Dabonneville, Philippe Feldmann, Michel Nicole, Aline Raynal-Roques, Marc-Andre Selosse, Bertrand Schatz Coordinateurs des Actes Daniel Prat & Bertrand Schatz Affiche du Colloque : Conception : Francis Dabonneville Photographies de Francis Dabonneville & Bertrand Schatz Cahiers de la Société Française d’Orchidophilie, N° 7, Actes du 15e Colloque sur les orchidées de la Société Française d’Orchidophilie. ISSN 0750-0386 © SFO, Paris, 2010 Certificat d’inscription à la commission paritaire N° 55828 ISBN 978-2-905734-17-4 Actes du 15e colloque sur les Orchidées de la Société Française d’Orchidophilie, D. Prat et B. Schatz, Coordinateurs, SFO, Paris, 2010, 236 p. Société Française d’Orchidophilie 17 Quai de la Seine, 75019 Paris Cah. Soc. Fr. Orch., n° 7 (2010) – Actes 15e colloque de la Société Française d’Orchidophilie, Montpellier Préface Ce 15e colloque marque le 40e anniversaire de notre société, celle-ci ayant vu le jour en 1969. Notre dernier colloque se tenait il y a 10 ans à Paris en 1999, 10 ans c’est long, 10 ans c’est très loin. Il fallait que la SFO renoue avec cette traditionnelle organisation de colloques, manifestation qui a contribué à lui accorder la place prépondérante qu’elle occupe au sein des orchidophiles français et de la communauté scientifique. C’est chose faite aujourd’hui. Nombreux sont les thèmes qui font l’objet de communications par des intervenants dont les compétences dans le domaine de l’orchidologie ne sont plus à prouver.
    [Show full text]
  • Atlanta Orchid Society Newsletter
    The Atlanta Affiliated with the American Orchid Orchid Society, the Orchid Digest Corporation and the Mid-America Orchid Congress. Society 2001 Recipient of the American Orchid Society’s Distinguished Affiliated Bulletin Societies Service Award Newsletter Editor: Danny Lentz Volume 47: Number 3 www.atlantaorchidsociety.org March 2006 MARCH EVENTS The Meeting: 8:00 Monday, March 13 at Atlanta Botanical Garden David Mellard – Fertilizer and Water Quality (part 2) Please bring your handouts from the January meeting as you will need them for the remainder of David Mellard's talk about water quality and fertilizers. The second portion of the talk will cover in more detail the effect of Atlanta's low alkalinity water on growing conditions for orchids, particularly as it affects choosing the right fertilizer and understanding the importance of pH in the orchid mix. David will report on specific studies that have been done on orchid nutrition, covering topics such as nitrogen concentration and fertilizing frequency. He'll also demonstrate how to measure the pH in an orchid pot and how to use electrical conductivity measurements to monitor orchid nutrition. AtlOS members can bring plants to sell at the March meeting. Please remember that 10% of sales should be donated to the society. Cynorkis fastigiata Greengrowers at Rob Rinn’s house on March 18 Our first Greengrower’s visit of the year will be to Rob Rinn’s house. Please see page 4 for details. Inside This Issue Atlanta Orchid Society 2006 Officers…………………………………………..….…………… Page 2 Member Spotlight – Don & Mary Helen Reinhard.………………………...……....………….. Page 2 Events Out and About………………Dates for your Calendar…………...……….…….……… Page 3 Minutes of the February Meeting ….…….…...……….………….…………..………...….….
    [Show full text]
  • Toskar Newsletter
    TOSKAR NEWSLETTER A Quarterly Newsletter of the Orchid Society of Karnataka (TOSKAR) Vol. No. 4; Issue: ii; 2017 THE ORCHID SOCIETY OF KARNATAKA www.toskar.org ● [email protected] From the Editor’s Desk TOSKAR NEWSLETTER 21st June 2017 The much-awaited monsoon has set in and it is a sight to see EDITORIAL BOARD shiny green and happy leaves and waiting to put forth their best (Vide Circular No. TOSKAR/2016 Dated 20th May 2016) growth and amazing flowers. Orchids in tropics love the monsoon weather and respond with a luxurious growth and it is also time for us (hobbyists) to ensure that our orchids are fed well so that Chairman plants put up good vegetative growth. But do take care of your Dr. Sadananda Hegde plants especially if you are growing them in pots and exposed to continuous rains, you may have problems! it is alright for mounted plants. In addition, all of us have faced problems with Members snails and slugs, watch out for these as they could be devastating. Mr. S. G. Ramakumar Take adequate precautions with regard to onset of fungal and Mr. Sriram Kumar bacterial diseases as the moisture and warmth is ideal for their multiplication. This is also time for division or for propagation if Editor the plants have flowered. Dr. K. S. Shashidhar Many of our members are growing some wonderful species and hybrids in Bangalore conditions and their apt care and culture is Associate Editor seen by the fantastic blooms. Here I always wanted some of them Mr. Ravee Bhat to share their finer points or tips for care with other growers.
    [Show full text]
  • Orchid Historical Biogeography, Diversification, Antarctica and The
    Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2016) ORIGINAL Orchid historical biogeography, ARTICLE diversification, Antarctica and the paradox of orchid dispersal Thomas J. Givnish1*, Daniel Spalink1, Mercedes Ames1, Stephanie P. Lyon1, Steven J. Hunter1, Alejandro Zuluaga1,2, Alfonso Doucette1, Giovanny Giraldo Caro1, James McDaniel1, Mark A. Clements3, Mary T. K. Arroyo4, Lorena Endara5, Ricardo Kriebel1, Norris H. Williams5 and Kenneth M. Cameron1 1Department of Botany, University of ABSTRACT Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, Aim Orchidaceae is the most species-rich angiosperm family and has one of USA, 2Departamento de Biologıa, the broadest distributions. Until now, the lack of a well-resolved phylogeny has Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, 3Centre for Australian National Biodiversity prevented analyses of orchid historical biogeography. In this study, we use such Research, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia, a phylogeny to estimate the geographical spread of orchids, evaluate the impor- 4Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, tance of different regions in their diversification and assess the role of long-dis- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, tance dispersal (LDD) in generating orchid diversity. 5 Santiago, Chile, Department of Biology, Location Global. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Methods Analyses use a phylogeny including species representing all five orchid subfamilies and almost all tribes and subtribes, calibrated against 17 angiosperm fossils. We estimated historical biogeography and assessed the
    [Show full text]
  • Structuration Écologique Et Évolutive Des Symbioses Mycorhiziennes Des
    Universit´ede La R´eunion { Ecole´ doctorale Sciences Technologie Sant´e{ Facult´edes Sciences et des Technologies Structuration ´ecologique et ´evolutive des symbioses mycorhiziennes des orchid´ees tropicales Th`ese de doctorat pr´esent´eeet soutenue publiquement le 19 novembre 2010 pour l'obtention du grade de Docteur de l'Universit´ede la R´eunion (sp´ecialit´eBiologie des Populations et Ecologie)´ par Florent Martos Composition du jury Pr´esidente: Mme Pascale Besse, Professeur `al'Universit´ede La R´eunion Rapporteurs : Mme Marie-Louise Cariou, Directrice de recherche au CNRS de Gif-sur-Yvette M. Raymond Tremblay, Professeur `al'Universit´ede Porto Rico Examinatrice : Mme Pascale Besse, Professeur `al'Universit´ede La R´eunion Directeurs : M. Thierry Pailler, Ma^ıtre de conf´erences HDR `al'Universit´ede La R´eunion M. Marc-Andr´e Selosse, Professeur `al'Universit´ede Montpellier Laboratoire d'Ecologie´ Marine Institut de Recherche pour le D´eveloppement 2 R´esum´e Les plantes n'exploitent pas seules les nutriments du sol, mais d´ependent de champignons avec lesquels elles forment des symbioses mycorhiziennes dans leurs racines. C'est en particulier vrai pour les 25 000 esp`ecesd'orchid´eesactuelles qui d´ependent toutes de champignons mycorhiziens pour accomplir leur cycle de vie. Elles produisent des graines microscopiques qui n'ont pas les ressources nutritives pour germer, mais qui d´ependent de la pr´esencede partenaires ad´equatspour nourrir l'embryon (h´et´erotrophie)jusqu’`al'apparition des feuilles (autotrophie). Les myco- rhiziens restent pr´esents dans les racines des adultes o`uils contribuent `ala nutrition, ce qui permet d'´etudierplus facilement la diversit´edes symbiotes `al'aide des ou- tils g´en´etiques.Conscients des biais des ´etudesen faveur des r´egionstemp´er´ees, nous avons ´etudi´ela diversit´edes mycorhiziens d'orchid´eestropicales `aLa R´eunion.
    [Show full text]
  • Epilist 1.0: a Global Checklist of Vascular Epiphytes
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2021 EpiList 1.0: a global checklist of vascular epiphytes Zotz, Gerhard ; Weigelt, Patrick ; Kessler, Michael ; Kreft, Holger ; Taylor, Amanda Abstract: Epiphytes make up roughly 10% of all vascular plant species globally and play important functional roles, especially in tropical forests. However, to date, there is no comprehensive list of vas- cular epiphyte species. Here, we present EpiList 1.0, the first global list of vascular epiphytes based on standardized definitions and taxonomy. We include obligate epiphytes, facultative epiphytes, and hemiepiphytes, as the latter share the vulnerable epiphytic stage as juveniles. Based on 978 references, the checklist includes >31,000 species of 79 plant families. Species names were standardized against World Flora Online for seed plants and against the World Ferns database for lycophytes and ferns. In cases of species missing from these databases, we used other databases (mostly World Checklist of Selected Plant Families). For all species, author names and IDs for World Flora Online entries are provided to facilitate the alignment with other plant databases, and to avoid ambiguities. EpiList 1.0 will be a rich source for synthetic studies in ecology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology as it offers, for the first time, a species‐level overview over all currently known vascular epiphytes. At the same time, the list represents work in progress: species descriptions of epiphytic taxa are ongoing and published life form information in floristic inventories and trait and distribution databases is often incomplete and sometimes evenwrong.
    [Show full text]
  • Chromosomes of Some West African Orchids the Stain Used
    1971 487 Chromosomes of Some West African Orchids A. H. ar-Rushdi Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria Received February 10, 1970 The "Flora of West Tropical Africa" lists over 400 species of orchids. About 300 of these are estimated to occur in Nigeria and West Cameroun. In contrast to the wide range of data on American and Asian orchids, cytological information is available for only a few West African species. An opportunity for increasing such information was provided by Mr. W. W. Sanford's living collection of over 2,000 orchids, mainly from Nigeria and some from West Cameroun. His assistance in the identification of over 200 collected species and in making available the right material for cytological studies is duly acknowledged. Materials and methods The main source of material is Mr. Sanford's collection at the University of Ife. These are designated in Table 1 by the prefix WS. Additional material. collected by the staff of the Botany Department, University of Ibadan, appears in the table as herbarium number with the prefix UIH. As far as possible, more than one specimen was examined. Root-tip cytology in orchids, especially of subterranean roots, is beset with difficulties. It was therefore decided to use the sporogenous cells, since flowers were readily available. Post-meiotic metaphase in the tetrad of micro -spores was found to be a suitable and easily prepared stage for haploid counts. One pollinium was directly stained, the other being kept in case the spores were found premature for metaphase studies. Such pollinia were cultured in distilled water at room temperature for periods of 3-12 hours, depending on their stage of division.
    [Show full text]
  • Cytotaxonomy of the Monopodial Orchids of the African and Malagasy Regions
    Cytotaxonomy of the monopodial orchids of the African and Malagasy regions J. C. Arends & F. M. Van der Laan Department of Plant Taxonomy and Plant Geography, Agricultural University, Gen. Foulkesweg 37, 6700 ED Wageningen, The Netherlands Abstract The three subtribes which are recognized within the tribe Vandeae are represented in the tropical African and Malagasy regions. All taxa of the Vandeae have a monopodial growth habit. The first subtribe, Sarcanthinae, is mainly Asian-Australasian, but a few of its species occur in Madagascar and in Africa. The other two subtribes, Angraecinae and Aerangidinae, are both represented in the latter two regions. The Angraecinae ischaracterize d by the presence of a short rostellum, but this iselongate d in the Aerangidinae. According to earlier authors there is a correlation between presence of the short rostellum and a basic chromosome number of x= 19i nth e Angraecinae, and between the presence of an elongated rostellum and a basic number of x = 25 in the Aerangidinae. The results presented in this paper are placed in perspective with the chromosome numbers recorded by other authors. From the resulting chromosome number survey it appears that only part of the Angraecinae (Aeranthes, several species of Angraecum. Cryptopus and Jumellea) have a basic number of x = 19; some members of the Angraecinae (other species of Angraecum) were found to have a basic number of x = 21,24 and 25. The Aerangidinae is not characterized by a single basic number of x= 25 but by aserie s ranging from x = 23t o x= 27,o f which x= 23,24 and 25ar e the most frequent.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogenetics of Vandeae (Orchidaceae) and the Evolution of Leaflessness Barbara S
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Eastern Illinois University Eastern Illinois University The Keep Faculty Research & Creative Activity Biological Sciences January 2006 Molecular Phylogenetics of Vandeae (Orchidaceae) and the Evolution of Leaflessness Barbara S. Carlsward Eastern Illinois University, [email protected] W. Mark Whitten University of Florida Norris H. Williams Florida Museum of Natural History Benny Bytebier University of Stellenbosch Follow this and additional works at: http://thekeep.eiu.edu/bio_fac Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Carlsward, Barbara S.; Whitten, W. Mark; Williams, Norris H.; and Bytebier, Benny, "Molecular Phylogenetics of Vandeae (Orchidaceae) and the Evolution of Leaflessness" (2006). Faculty Research & Creative Activity. 4. http://thekeep.eiu.edu/bio_fac/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Research & Creative Activity by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. American Journal of Botany 93(5): 770–786. 2006. MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS OF VANDEAE (ORCHIDACEAE) AND THE EVOLUTION OF LEAFLESSNESS1 BARBARA S. CARLSWARD,2,3 W. MARK WHITTEN,2 NORRIS H. WILLIAMS,2 AND BENNY BYTEBIER4 2Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7800 USA; 3Department of Botany, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-8526 USA; and 4Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag x1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa Members of tribe Vandeae (Orchidaceae) form a large, pantropical clade of horticulturally important epiphytes. Monopodial leafless members of Vandeae have undergone extreme reduction in habit and represent a novel adaptation to the canopy environment in tropical Africa, Asia, and America.
    [Show full text]
  • ORCHID POLLINATION ECOLOGY Orchid Pollination Exploring a Fascinating World by Ron Mchatton
    ORCHID POLLINATION ECOLOGY Orchid Pollination Exploring a Fascinating World BY RON MCHATTON [1] The first example of sexual deception in Australian orchids involved the genus Cryptostylis. These orchids are pollinated by male parasitic wasps of the genus Lissopimpla. Here four male Lissopimpla excelsa wasps compete for the favors of a Cryptostylis erecta flower. MARK CLEMENTS [2] Silver-spotted skipper (Epargyreus clarus) pollinating a small purple fringed orchid (Platanthera psycodes) at Mt. Mitchell, North Carolina. The long spurs of the orchid have nectar at their ends and the skipper must push its proboscis deep into the spur to get to the nectar. Note the pollinia attached to the base of JAMES PETRANKA JAMES the skipper’s proboscis. bumblebee species. In this case, pollinia of Den. infundibulum are placed on the head of the bee while that from the Cymbidium, with much longer column, becomes at- tached to the bee’s central thorax. Because the column of the former species is much shorter, only pollinia placed near the front of the bee will be in a position to contact the stigmatic surface of the Dendrobium column as the bee exits the flower (Du Puy and Cribb 2007). Orchids with large gullet flowers such as Cymbidium are typically pollinated by large carpenter bees and bumblebees are known to pollinate Spiranthes and are implicated in the pollination of northern NT NT U U and some high-elevation species where other large bees are less common or active. 3 4 ERIC H ERIC H Some bees gather oils from flowers rather than nectar or pollen and many orchids [3–4] Sobralia [3] and Cattleya [4], two gen- NO ONE IS REALLY SURE HOW LONG have evolved to attract these pollinators.
    [Show full text]