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United States of America–Namibia Relations William a Lindeke*
From confrontation to pragmatic cooperation: United States of America–Namibia relations William A Lindeke* Introduction The United States of America (USA) and the territory and people of present-day Namibia have been in contact for centuries, but not always in a balanced or cooperative fashion. Early contact involved American1 businesses exploiting the natural resources off the Namibian coast, while the 20th Century was dominated by the global interplay of colonial and mandatory business activities and Cold War politics on the one hand, and resistance diplomacy on the other. America was seen by Namibian leaders as the reviled imperialist superpower somehow pulling strings from behind the scenes. Only after Namibia’s independence from South Africa in 1990 did the relationship change to a more balanced one emphasising development, democracy, and sovereign equality. This chapter focuses primarily on the US’s contributions to the relationship. Early history of relations The US has interacted with the territory and population of Namibia for centuries – indeed, since the time of the American Revolution.2 Even before the beginning of the German colonial occupation of German South West Africa, American whaling ships were sailing the waters off Walvis Bay and trading with people at the coast. Later, major US companies were active investors in the fishing (Del Monte and Starkist in pilchards at Walvis Bay) and mining industries (e.g. AMAX and Newmont Mining at Tsumeb Copper, the largest copper mine in Africa at the time). The US was a minor trading and investment partner during German colonial times,3 accounting for perhaps 7% of exports. -
Imperial Germany and the Herero of Southern Africa: Genocide and the Quest of Recompense Gewald, J.B.; Jones A
Imperial Germany and the Herero of Southern Africa: genocide and the quest of recompense Gewald, J.B.; Jones A. Citation Gewald, J. B. (2004). Imperial Germany and the Herero of Southern Africa: genocide and the quest of recompense. In Genocide, war crimes and the West: history and complicity (pp. 59-77). London: Zed Books. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/4853 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) License: Leiden University Non-exclusive license Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/4853 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). Imperial Germany and the Herero of Southern Africa: Genocide and the Quest for Recompense Jan-Bart Gewald On 9 September 2001, the Herero People's Reparations Corporation lodged a claim in a civil court in the US District of Columbia. The claim was directed against the Federal Republic of Germany, in the person of the German foreign minister, Joschka Fischer, for crimes against humanity, slavery, forced labor, violations of international law, and genocide. Ninety-seven years earlier, on n January 1904, in a small and dusty town in central Namibia, the first genocide of the twentieth Century began with the eruption of the Herero—German war.' By the time hostilities ended, the majority of the Herero had been killed, driven off their land, robbed of their cattle, and banished to near-certain death in the sandy wastes of the Omaheke desert. The survivors, mostly women and children, were incarcerated in concentration camps and put to work as forced laborers (Gewald, 1995; 1999: 141—91). Throughout the twenti- eth Century, Herero survivors and their descendants have struggled to gain recognition and compensation for the crime committed against them. -
25 October 1985
other prices on page 3 Manure 'bomb' and missing invitation THE EDITORIAL STAFF of The Namibian were not invited to at Apparently all the local press, with the exception of The Namibian, tend the Administrator General's annual 'garden party' on Wednes were in attendance, and a message was left at the gate to 'let us in' day, which - accordin2 to those present - was a lavish affair with if we chose to arrive. the Windhoek 'Who's Who' all there. Whether the invitation 'oversight' was an omission or deliberate, the fact is that it never arrived, and neither was there any explanation from Some of those who attended expressed surprise that The Namibian Mr Pienaar's office regarding the snub. had not been invited, but officials claimed it had not been a snub and A 'bomb scare' preceded the function, but the mysterious parcel that Mr Louis Pienaar was 'not one to bear grudges'. side the front gates of SW A House turned out to be manure. BY GWEN LISTER THE INTERIM GOVERNMENT Cabinet was deeply divided today after an eleventh hour settlement which will mean setting aside the appointment of Mr Pieter van der Byl as a Judge. The deal struck last night avoided a bitter and costly courtroom clash between Cabinet Ministers. And the settlement is a blow to the fincH throes of asettlement , but Finance Minister Mr Dirk Mudge there are loose ends to be tied up'. who supported the appointment of a South African Justice Depart Asked about the 'Constitution ment official as a Judge of the al Council', he said: 'We must now Supreme Court and Chairman of find a chairman' . -
South West Africa/Namibia Issues Related to Political Independence
SOUTH WEST AFRICA/NAMIBIA ISSUES RELATED TO POLITICAL INDEPENDENCE PETER CHARLES BENNETT University of Cape Town A Dissertation Submitted To The Faculty of Social Science University of Cape Town. Rondebosch, For The Degree of Master of Arts October 1983 The University of Ctlpe Town has been given the right to rcprodooe this thesis In wholo or In port. Copyright Is held by the wthor. The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town i SOUTH WEST AFRICA/NAMIBIA ISSUES RELATED TO POLITICAL INDEPENDENCE This dissertation constitutes a study of all issues rele- vant to South West Africa/Namibian independence, from 1915 to June 1983. The method employed is primarily of a descrip- tive, histcirical and analytical nature, which brings together in a concise study a variety of primary research materials, particularly with extensive use of newspaper resources. Due to the limited available material on South West Africa/ Namibia, it was necessary to rely upon these journalistic sources to a large extent. It was, therefore, necessary to assume that: • 1. newspaper references are correct and valid, and that articles by relevant authorities and political figures are a true expression of the writers' political beliefs; 2. that in terms of books, journals and other published materials in relation to South West Africa/Namibia, the facts have been accurately researched and verified, and 3. -
Hans Beukes, Long Road to Liberation. an Exiled Namibian
Journal of Namibian Studies, 23 (2018): 101 – 123 ISSN: 2197-5523 (online) Thinking and writing liberation politics – a review article of: Hans Beukes, Long Road to Liberation . An Exiled Namibian Activist’s Perspective André du Pisani* Abstract Thinking and Writing Liberation Politics is a review article of: Hans Beukes, Long Road to Liberation. An Exiled Namibian Activist’s Perspective; with an introduction by Professor Mburumba Kerina, Johannesburg, Porcupine Press, 2014. 376 pages, appendices, photographs, index of names. ISBN: 978-1-920609-71-9. The article argues that Long Road to Liberation , being a rich, diverse, uneven memoir of an exiled Namibian activist, offers a sobering and critical account of the limits of liberation politics, of the legacies of a protracted struggle to bring Namibia to independence and of the imprint the struggle left on the political terrain of the independent state. But, it remains the perspective of an individual activist, who on account of his personal experiences and long absence from the country of his birth, at times, paints a fairly superficial picture of many internal events in the country. The protracted diplomatic-, political- and liberation struggle that culminated in the independence of Namibia in March 1990, has attracted a crop of publications written from different perspectives. This has produced many competing narratives. It would be fair to say that many of the books published over the last decade or so, differ in their range, quality and usefulness to researchers and the reading public at large. This observation also holds for memoirs, a genre of writing that is most demanding, for it requires brutal honesty, the ability to truthfully recall and engage with events that can traverse several decades. -
NAM \ BIAN Ll BE RATION
NAM \ BIAN Ll BE RATION: 5EL~· D£/FRM!NATIO ~ LAW MD POLITICS ELIZA8ET~ S. LANDIS EPISCOPAL CHUR&liMEN for SOUTH Room 1005 • 853 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 10003 • Phone: (212) 477·0066 -For A Free S1111tbem Alritll- NOVEMBER 1982 NAMIBIAN LIBERATION Independence for Namibia is one of the forenost issues of today's world that cries for solution. The Namibian people have been subjected to bru tal foreign rule and their land exploited by co lonial powers for a century. Their thrust for freedom has intensified since 1966 when SWAPO launched its armed struggle against the illegal South African occupiers of its country. Their cause has been on the agendas of the League of Nations and the United Nations for m:>re than six decades . NCM, after five-and-a-half years of 'delicate negotiations 1 managed by five Western powers , Namibia is no nearer independence. Pretoria is m:>re repressively in oontrol of the Terri torY and uses it as a staging ground for its militarY encroaclunents into Angola and as a fulcrum for its attempt to reverse the tide of liberation in Southern Africa. Yet the talks conducted by the Western Contact Group are dragged on, with the United States gov ernment insisting that Angola denude itself of its CUban allies as a pre-condition for a 1 Namibian settlement" . There is widespread confusion on just where the matter of Namibia stands. This report is designed to penetrate the tangle. This clear, succinct and timely analysis of the Namibian issue by Elizabeth S. landis comes out of the author's yearn of work in the African field and her dedication to the cause of freedom in Southern Africa. -
Transitions in Namibia Which Changes for Whom?
Transitions in Namibia Which Changes for Whom? Edited by Henning Melber NORDISKA AFRIKAINSTITUTET, UPPSALA 2007 Cover: The restored steam tractor outside the coastal town of Swakop- mund was made in Germany and brought to the country in 1896. It should replace ox wagons as a means of transport in the further colonization of Namibia’s interior. The 2.8 tons heavy machine in need of lots of water never managed it through the sands of the Namib desert. The local colonizers named it after the German reformer Martin Luther, who in 1521 had declared: “Here I stand – may God help me. I can not otherwise.” Today a national monument and put behind glass, Namibia’s “Martin Luther” remains an early symbol for the failure of grand visions. Indexing terms: Social change Economic change Cultural change Political development Liberation Decentralization Gender relations International relations Economic and social development Post-independence Namibia Cover photos: Henning Melber Language checking: Peter Colenbrander © The authors and Nordiska Afrikainstitutet 2007 ISBN 978-91-7106-582-7 Printed in Sweden by Elanders Gotab AB, Stockholm 2007 Table of Contents Preface ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 Henning Melber Transitions in Namibia – Namibia in transition An introductory overview ………………………………………………………… 7 Christopher Saunders History and the armed struggle From anti-colonial propaganda to ‘patriotic history’? ……… 13 Phanuel Kaapama Commercial land reforms in postcolonial Namibia What happened to liberation struggle rhetoric? ………………… 29 Herbert -
Restoration of the Land to Its Rightful Owners
WORKERS REVOLUTIONARY PARTY DRAFT PROPOSAL TO THE WORKING PEOPLE OF NAMIBIA AND SOUTHERN AFRICA FOR THE RESTORATION OF THE LAND TO ITS RIGHTFUL OWNERS OUR POSITION In 1884. the German Reich. illegally in terms of international law. colonised independent nations which already held their own demarcated lands under their own laws. lt had nothing to do with ancestrallands.lt was their own property in law and natural reality. Marxist Considerations on the Crisis: Nothing that occurred from 1884 to 1990 in the colonisation of Namibia has legalised the expropriation of lands of the occupied Part 1 peoples. We say that legality must be restored before there can be by Balazs Nagy Published for Workers International by Socialist talk of the rule of law. The nations of Namibia are entitled to the restoration of their expropriated lands. Studies, isbn 978 0 9564319 3 6 Cognisant of the fundamental changes in Namibian society in terms of economic and social classes. in particular rural and urban The Hungarian Marxist BALAZS NAGY originally planned workers. brought by colonialism and capitalism. the WRP calls for this work as 'an article explaining the great economic crisis a National Conference of all interested parties (classes) to put their which erupted in 2007 from a Marxist point of view'. respective positions for debate and democratic decision. lt is in the interest of the working class and poor peasantry in However, he 'quite quickly realised that a deeper particular to neutralise the propaganda advantage which imperial understanding of this development would only be possible ism holds over land reform through the perversion of "expropriation if I located it within a broader historical and political without compensation" by black middle classes. -
21 August 1987
, \ A KEY witness in the murder trial of a member of the South Mrican Security Policet narrowly escaped death earlier this month after being asked by two unidentified men to accompany them to their car where he was lured into drinking what he . to be beer. Mr Napeheri Nderura, a prime witness in the murder trial ofCaptain Pat David King, which resumed in the Windhoek Supreme Court on Wednes day, was approached by two men under the f!'llse pretext oflookingfor goats to buy when they gave him what turned out not to be b er, but some poisonous liquid substance or a combination of both. " Captain King is facing a murder charge arising from the death of. Johannes KakuvaofKaokoland, who was arrested in Opuwo in August 1980 together with 24 other people, in cluding Napeheri Nderura. In his affidavit in 1983, Napeheri Nderura testified that he was arrested together with Kakuva and others at die Werda Fblice Station in Opuwo. He was blindfolded and made to lie on his stomach and repeatedly beaten with a stick while being interrrogated about Swapo insurgents in the Okavare area. He stated that from where he lay, he heard the screaming of Johannes Kakuva and that later that day he felt a weight being dumped on him. He managed to lift the blindfold and saw the body of Kakuva lying over him. Mr Nderura told of his ordeal this week at the hands of two Owambo speaking men who arrivejl at his home at Manduu in Kaokoland on the pretence of buying goats. -
13 January 1992
: * TODAY: EXAM NEWS * SIMON SINGS·*·RUSSIANS RISE. UP * SUPER S,?,ORT * -----------------------------------~~----------" -" -,~, ~~6,~~~~~~----~~ . .. Bringing Africa South Vol.2 No.482 R1.00 (GST Inc.) Monday January 13 1992 Paris Le Cap ,;: lfs',ALL Rehoboth r'-ages '-." actianas.. , .' . ,ra.1Iy " . x~lIsjn' to , . , . 'Namibia ' STAFF REPORTER over THE Paris Le Cap has swept into Namibia creating wide spread excitement and inter est among Namlbian racing enthusiasts and the publIc in Basters to 'fight Govt, threaten c~urt ~ction generaL Rally competitors rally , already been given. reached Grootfontein yester JOSEPH MOTlNGA', Docwnmts found in the office day afternoon, with Spanish of the Rehobot!t Registrar of. driver Salvatore Servia giv ENRAGED members ofthe Baster community in Reho Deeds state that the area had ing Lada their first stage both have vowed to take the Government to court in a actually been placed under the victory, breaking the Mitsub desperate bid to reverse an official order placing their Rehoboth local authority back ishi-Citroen stranglehold on community lands under central Government control in 1985 by the late Registrar of the race for a day. Deeds for Rehobo~ Emst Veteran Rehoboth leader Today competitors are ex Regional Commissioner Nev Louw. As such, Angenn1lIld Hans Diergaardt is reportedly ille Angennund. pected to be greeted by large ruled that the area was liable crowds of excited spectators already in South Africa laying So stroog a reaction to the for, transfer. His decision was the ground for a court case on order was anticipated, that the when they arrive at Gobabis endorsed by the Government the matter. fonner Registrar of Deeds, for around midday. -
Promoting Democracy and Good Governance
State Formation in Namibia: Promoting Democracy and Good Governance By Hage Gottfried Geingob Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of Politics and International Studies March 2004 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. encourage good governance, to promote a culture of human rights, and to build state institutions to support these policies have also been examined with a view to determining the nature of the state that evolved in Namibia. Finally, the study carries out a democratic audit of Namibia using Swedish normative tools. 1 Acknowledgements The last few years have been tumultuous but exciting. Now, the academic atmosphere that provided a valuable anchor, too, must be hauled up for journeys beyond. The end of this most enjoyable academic challenge has arrived, but I cannot look back without a sense of loss - loss of continuous joys of discovery and academic enrichment. I would like to thank my supervisor, Lionel Cliffe, for his incredible support. In addition to going through many drafts and making valuable suggestions, Lionel helped me endure this long journey with his sustained encouragement. I also thank Ray Bush for going through many drafts and making valuable comments. He has an uncanny ability to visualize the final outcome of research effort. -
Indicator Vol 6.3.Pdf
Barclays National Bank Limited • Registered Bank INSTITUTE OF - 2 AUG 1989 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES LIBRARY For David Paulsen,, the line between life and death is as wide as the sky. Whatever medical treatment he needs, he will get. In the intensive care unit of a specially equipped helicopter. Tended by the skilful hands of a highly qualified Red Cross sister, fully instructed in emergency care. On to the nearest hospital and, if medically possible, the road to complete recovery. There's a thin line between life and death. Some dedicated people at First National Bank were quick to see a way of helping to widen this delicate margin. With their colleagues at Capital Radio, they saw a way to help save human lives, beyond monitoring their movements on the roads. In the outlying valleys and hills of Natal and Kwazulu. Where the lack of proper attention, or a thwarted race against time, could have tragic consequences. Nurtured by the generous assistance of The Red Cross and the Natal Provincial Ambulance Services, the 'life line in the sky' has grown from an embryo to full fruition. To accident victims or the critically ill, it has become a symbol of mercy and hope, embodying those qualities we believe are essential in a changing nation's values. Strength. Warmth. Shelter. Life. We care. Because we all belong. BARKER McCORMAC 5852/4 £~3he INDICATOR SOUTH AFRICA Quarterly Report and the INDICATOR SOUTH AFRICA Issue Focus | series are published by the Centre for Social and Development Studies, based at the University of Natal, Durban. •J Opinions expressed in these publications are not necessarily those of the Editorial Committee and should not be taken to represent the policies of companies or organisations which are donor members of the Indicator Project South Africa.