Consejo Econoá Y Social

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Consejo Econoá Y Social NACIONES Distr. GEHEBAL !> ДЙСГ CONSEJO cors E/CN.4/1565 ECONOá 31 de enero de I98O ESPAÑOL Y SOCIAL Or i p:±m. 1 i PRANCE S COMSION DE DERECHOS HDMANOS 562 período de sesiones. Tema 6 del programa provisional INPORÎÎE SODRE IA líARCHA DE LOS TRABAJOS DEL GRUPO ESPECIAL DE EXPERTOS, PREPARADO DE CONPORI'HDAD CON Ы RESOLUCION 12 (XXX?)' IË LA COICESION DE IJERECHÜS HUfí/lÍTOS Y LA DECISION 1979/54 DEL CONSEJO ЕСОНОЖCO Y SOCIAL IiroiCE Párrafos Página INTRODUCCION 1 - 11 1 12 - 254 5 12 - 20 5 21 - 28 5 21 - 25 . 5 2. Análisis de la información y pruebas recibidas por el Grupo Especial d,e. Exp,ertos 24 - 28 5 Б. Matanzas y violaciones del derecho a la vida 29 - 51 6 C. Trato dado a lü's' pr'esos' y detehido's políticos y a los combatientes por la libertad capturados 32 - 81 7 52 - 37 7 58 - 81 8 82 - 84 18 E. Presunta responsabilidad de, la,s fuer,za0, de pjli.oía. de. 85 - 18 F. 89 - 105 19 91 - 98 19 2. Sufrimientos causados por los planes de reasenta­ miento rural .. • '. ". 99 - 101 21 5. Expulsión de las ciudades ; 102 - IO5' 22 GE.80-10565 E/CÏÏ.4/1565 página ii líIDICíE ( continua, cidn) Párrafos ' Página G. Política de los territorios patrios bantúcs 106 - 143 25 1. Eesuaen de la legislación pertinente .......... 109 - 114 25 2. Violación del derecho de todos los pueblos al ejercicio de la soberanía 115 - H? 25 5. Explotación de los trabajadores negros ........ 118 - 121 25 4. Obstáculos al derecho a la libre promoción del desarrollo económico , 122 - 126 26 5. Obstáculos ,al derecho a determinar libremente el estatuto político 127 - 155 27 6., Ejercicio abusivo de los poderes de policías por las autoridades de los "territorios patrios" ... 154 - 141 29 7. Intentos de quebrantamiento de la unidad nacio­ nal y de destrucción de la identidad de los negros , 142-145 50 H. Condición de los trabajadores negros 144 - 180 51 1. Condición de los trabajadores del sector agrícola .- ; ; 145 - 156 51- 2. Condición de los trabajadores del-sector urbano (industrial j otros sectores) Д57 - 180 55 I. Violaciones do'log derechos sindicales 181 - 201 57 1. La conculcación del derecho a fundar organiza­ ciones sindicales . ;. ; ; 185 - 200 57 2. Persecución de que son objeto los trabajadores por sus actividades, especialmente a consecuen­ cia de las huelgas 201 45 J. Movimientos estudiantiles 202 - 225 45 1. Legislación pertinente 204 - 205 44 2. Campañas estudiantiles contra la política guber­ namentales de. educación ban tú 206 - 209 44 5. Movimientos estudiantiles en las universidades , negras ; 210 - 220 . 45 4. Movimientos estudiantiles en las universidades . • blancas 221 - 225 47 K. Otras violaciones graves de los derechos humanos de­ rivados de la política de apartheid y discriminación racial 224 - 254 48 1. Nuevas .leyes represivas 224 - 226 48 2. Detenciones en relación con los pases y el toque de queda 227 - 229 49 ' 3. Persecución de los periodistas y la prensa .... 230 - 254 49 E/CW.4/1565 página iii 11Ш1СЕ (continuación) Párrafos Página II. NAMIBI/i i i iii... 255 - 510 51 Introducción ..... « i... i í I...i..i..t t...i..i...i... 255 - 259 51 Л. Pena capital ¿..41 260 - 262 57 1. Algunas leyes-pertinentes • 260 57 2. Análisis de la información recibida 261 - 262 58 B. Matanzas y violaciones del derecho a la vida 265 - 264 58 C. Traslados forzosos de población 265 - 266 59 D. Trato de los "presos políticos y de los comba-tientes de la libertad capturados 267 - 286 59 1. Resumen de algunas leyes pertinentes 267 - 271 59 2. Las fuerzas de-policías• estructura actual y propuesta de las Naciones Unidas ., 272 - 274 61 5. Análisis de los testimonios y la información recibidos 275 - 286 62 E. Situación de los trabajadores negros africanos .... 287 - 296 65 1. Antecedentes ....' .' 287 - 291 65 2. Análisis de la información recibida 292 - 296 67 P. Condiciones de vida de los africanos en los "terri­ torios patrios" 297 - 505 69 1. Antecedentes 297 69 2. Resumen de la legislación reciente 298 69 5. Análisis de la-información-recibida 299 - 505 69 G. [Erabas a los movimientos estudiantiles 504 - 506 71 1. Legislación pertinente 505 71 2. iinálisis de la información disponible 506 ' 72 H. Información relativa a las personas que se han hecho culpables en Namibia del crimen de apartheid o de •una violación 'grave" de los derechos humanos 507 - 510 72 E/CN.4/1565 página iv INDICE (continuación) Párrafos Página III. гШВЛБЖ , 311 - 430 75 Introducción ,,, , 311 - 531 75 A. La pena capital 552 - 359 78 1. Resumen áe, la legislaciç5n pertinente 532 - 555 78 . 2, La aplicación de la pena capital por los tribunales , 354 -'539 79 B. Matanzas y otras violaciones del derecho a la vida . 540 - 355 81 1. Atrocidades cometidas por las fuerzas de seguridad 540 - 347 81 . 2. Agresiones, contra Estados vecinos 348 - 355 85 C. Condiciones de vida en las zonas rurales y urbanas y traslados forzosos de población 356 - 376 86 1. Introducción 356 - 561 86 2. Condiciones de los africanos, de las personas de color y 'de los'a'si'áticos en las zona-s urbanas .. 562 564 88 3. La política rhodesiana- de "desarrollo separado" o "bantustanización" 565 - 366 88 4. Traslados forzosos de africanos del campo como resultado de la política agraria 367 89 5. Condiciones en las "aldeas protegidas y agrupadq,s" , «. 368 - 571 89 6. Refugiados en lo^ ,países vecinos « «. «. • 572 - 576 89 D. Trato dado 'a los presos políticos y a los combatien­ tes de la libertad .capturados 377 - 598 91 1. Introducción y legislación pertinente 577 - 581 91 2. Funcionamiento de los tribunales 382 - 584 92 3. Pruebas de que las autoridades practican la tortuïa • 585 - 586 95 4. Trato dado a los presos políticos 587 - 592 93 5. Deportaciones y-probibición de A^isitas . .• 593 95 6. Trato dado a los combatientes por la libertad .. 394 95 7. Trato dado a las personas acusadas de delitos contra la seguridad 395 - 598 96 E/OT.4/1565 página V INDICE (contin\iaci6n) Párrafos Página E. Disparidad entre los salarios y las condiciones de empleo de los trabajadores negros y los blancos y discriminación contra los trabajadores negros 599 - 415 97 599 - 400 97 401 - 408 97 3. Las condiciones de trabajo y los derechos de 409 - 415 100 Otras formas de violaciones graves de los derechos humanos resultantes de la discriminación racial .. 414 - 450 101 414 101 2. La educación de los negros: la discriminación en la escuela y la explotación cultural 415 - 419 102 5. Sanidad; disparidad entre los servicios des­ tinados a los negros y los de los blancos .... 420 - 421 105 4. Violaciones de la libertad de expresión y de 422 - 450 105 rV. APROBACION DEL INFORME 431 108 E/CN.4/1565 página 1 INTRODUCCION 1. Las atribuciones del Grupo Especial de Expertos, creado en 196? en virtud de la resolución 2 (XXlIl) de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos, que fueron prorrogadas y ampliadas por varias resoluciones posteriores de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos y del Consejo Económico y Social, fueron renovadas por la Comisión en su reso­ lución 12 (XXXV), aprobada el 6 de marzo de 1979. Esa medida fue confirmada por el Consejo Económico y Social en su decisión 1979/54» de 10 de mayo de 1979* 2. En su resolución 12 (XXXV), la Comisión decidió que el Grupo estuviera inte­ grado por los expertos siguientes, que actuarían a título personal: Sr. Kába M'Baye (Senegal), Presidente y Relator? Sr. Branimir Yankovió (Yugoslavia), Vicepresidente| Sr. AnnanAxkyin Cato (Ghana)? Sr. Humberto Díaz-Casanueva (Chile)? Sr. Felix Ermacora (Austria), y Sr. líulka Govinda Reddy (india). 5» En la misma resolución, la Comisión decidió que el Grupo siguiese estudiando las políticas y prácticas que violaban los derechos humanos en Sudáfrica, Namibia y Zimbabwe, y realizase un estudio completo de las medidas adoptadas para poner en práctica las recomendaciones hechas por el Grupo" Especial de Expertos desde su creación, para evaluar mejor el esfuerzo que habría de realizar de nuevo en el marco de la lucha contra el sistema de apartheid, así como contra el colonialismo y la discriminación racial en el ifrica meridional (párr. 15). A este respecto, el Grupo decidió llevar a efecto esa decisión en el informe final en el que figurarían recomendaciones adicionales. 4. La Comisión pidió también al Grupo que siguiese abriendo un expediente contra toda persona de la que se sospechase que se hubiera hecho culpable en Namibia del crimen de apartheid o de una violación grave de los derechos humanos, y que céñalase el contenido de esos expedientes a la atención de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos (párr. 5). 5. Por último, la Comisión pidió al Grupo que le presentase un informe sobre sus conclusiones, a más tardar en el 37^ período de sesiones, así como un informe sobre la marcha de sus trabajos en el 56^ período de sesiones (párr. 16). 6. Además, la Comisión pidió al Grupo que, en cooperación con el Comitá Especial contra el Apartheid, investigase los casos de tortura y asesinato de detenidos en Sudáfrica que figuraban en el informe preparado por ese Comité (E/CN.4/l327/Add.2) y que habían sido comunicados a la Comisión, y que presentase un informe especial sobre esa investigación a la Comisión de Derechos Humanos en su 56^ período de sesiones. 7. Para llevar a efecto esa decisión, el Grupo realizó una investigación en Londres, del 50 de julio al 2 de agosto de 1979> У preparó así un informe especial en el que analizó los casos que se le habían presentado a la luz de los artículos II y III de la Convención Internacional sobre la Represión y el Castigo del Crimen de Apartheid.
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