Engineering Geology of the Hogback Monocline: a New Approach to Backslope Design in Tilted Sedimentary Rocks Warren T
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Monoclinal Flexure of an Orogenic Plateau Margin During Subduction, South Turkey
Non-peer reviewed preprint submitted to EarthArXiv Monoclinal flexure of an orogenic plateau margin during subduction, south Turkey Running title: Monoclinal flexure plateau margin David Fernández-Blanco1, Giovanni Bertotti2, Ali Aksu3 and Jeremy Hall3 1Tectonics and Structural Geology Department, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands [email protected] 2Department of Geotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN, Delft, the Netherlands 3 Department of Earth Sciences, Centre for Earth Resources Research, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X5 Non-peer reviewed preprint submitted to EarthArXiv Abstract Geologic evidence across orogenic plateau margins helps to discriminate the relative contributions of orogenic, epeirogenic and/or climatic processes leading to growth and maintenance of orogenic plateaus and plateau margins. Here, we discuss the mode of formation of the southern margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau (SCAP), and evaluate its time of formation, using fieldwork in the onshore and seismic reflection data in the offshore. In the onshore, uplifted Miocene rocks in a dip-slope topography show monocline flexure over >100 km, few-km asymmetric folds verging south, and outcrop- scale syn-sedimentary reverse faults. On the Turkish shelf, vertical faults transect the basal latest Messinian of a ~10 km fold where on-structure syntectonic wedges and synsedimentary unconformities indicate pre-Pliocene uplift and erosion followed by Pliocene and younger deformation. Collectively, Miocene rocks delineate a flexural monocline at plateau margin scale, expressed along our on-offshore sections as a kink- band fold with a steep flank ~20–25 km long. -
Tectonic Evolution of Structures in Southern Sindh Monocline, Indus Basin, Pakistan Formed in Multi-Extensional Tectonic Episodes of Indian Plate
Tectonic Evolution of Structures in Southern Sindh Monocline, Indus Basin, Pakistan Formed in Multi-Extensional Tectonic Episodes of Indian Plate Sarfraz Hussain Solangi, Shabeer Ahmed, Muhammad Akram Qureshi, Mohammad Shahid, Uzair Hamid Awan Universityof Sindh, Pakistan Summary There are number of structures and structural styles found in extensional tectonic settings of the world but the evolution of these structuresis still needful and a big challenge as well. Evolution of structures in extensional settings have been studied by Yuan Li et al., (2016)and many other reserachers on different extensional basins of the world. Sindh Monocline lies on the western corner of Indian Plate and the tectonic history of Indian plate has been well described by Chatterjee et al., (2013) while tectonic history of Sindh Monocline has been studied by Zaigham, and Mallick, (2000), Chatterjee et al., (2013) (Fig.1). The aim of this study is the evolution of structures in the subsurface of Southern Sindh Monocline, Pakistan using the seismic data interpretation and faltenning of horizons approach. Jamaluddin et al., (2015) and others have also testified such approach. Southern Sindh Monocline is charaterized and experienced by different tectonic episodes of Indian plate while rifting from Gondwanaland, rifting from other plates at different geological times and to its collision with the Asia. Basic structures with in study area are classified into nine types whilethe structural styles have been classified into six types as horst and grabens,dominos,crotch,synthetic -
Geology and Ground-Water Resources of San Miguel County, New Mexico
GEOLOGY AND GROUND - WATER RESOURCES OF SAN MIGUEL COUNTY, NEW MEXICO GROUND-WATER REPORT 2 Geology and Ground-Water Resources of San Miguel County, New Mexico BY R. L. GRIGGS AND G. E. HENDRICKSON Prepared in cooperation with The United States Bureau of Reclamation New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources and the New Mexico State Engineer NEW MEXICO BUREAU OF MINES AND MINERAL RESOURCES SOCORRO 1951 NEW MEXICO INSTITUTE OF MINING & TECHNOLOGY E. J. Workman, President STATE BUREAU OF MINES AND MINERAL RESOURCES Eugene Callaghan, Director THE REGENTS MEMBERS EX-OFFICIO The Honorable Edwin L. Mechem ...................... Governor of New Mexico Tom Wiley ............................................... Superintendent of Public Instruction APPOINTED MEMBERS Thomas M. Cramer, President ...................................................... Carlsbad Holm 0. Bursum, Jr., Secretary-Treasurer ........................................ Socorro Frank C. DiLuzio ..................................................................... Los Alamos A. A. Kemnitz .................................................................................... Hobbs Cooper Shapley ............................................................................... Deming Contents Page ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. 9 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 11 Location, area, and accessibility 11 Previous investigations -
S-1/GEOH/CC-1/19 (Honours)
S-1/GEOH/CC-1/19 TDP (Honours) 1st Semester Exam., 2019 GEOGRAPHY (Honours) FIRST PAPER (CC-1) (Physical Geography) Full Marks : 60 Time:3 Hours The figures in the margin indicate full marks. Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. Section A 1. Answer any sir ofthe following questions: 2x6-12 : (a) Mention any two causes of earthquake. b) Distinguish between cuesta and hogback. (c) Differentiate between Sial and Sima. (d) Distinguish between earth flow and mud flow. (e)What do you understand by line of compensation'? [ Turn Over ] B1/23-150 (2) What is tombolo? (3 Or, Define the tem 'cycle of erosion'. b) What is the difference between magma and lava? between Write the h) Distinguish corrasion and attrition. characteristics of the of volcanoes with sketches. following types Section - B 3+(3+3+3)=12 Hawaiian type Answer the following questions 12x4-48 G) Vulcanian type 2. (a) Discuss the interior structure of the earth according to Suess. What are the characteristics i) Fissure type. of Igneous rocks? Describe the landformns 4. (a) Detfine in produced by intrusive Ilgneous rocks with neat Geomorphology. "Complexity landforms is more common than simplicity" - Explain the sketches. 4+4+4-12 statement. What are the different erosional processes of river and glacier? Or 2+5+5-12 (6) Write the concept of Isostasy. Explain Airy's Or, concept on Isostasy. Write a note on global (6) What do you mean by slope development? Write Isostatic adjustment. 2+5+5=12 the concept of slope development proposed by L.C. -
Geology and Stratigraphy Column
Capitol Reef National Park National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Geology “Geology knows no such word as forever.” —Wallace Stegner Capitol Reef National Park’s geologic story reveals a nearly complete set of Mesozoic-era sedimentary layers. For 200 million years, rock layers formed at or near sea level. About 75-35 million years ago tectonic forces uplifted them, forming the Waterpocket Fold. Forces of erosion have been sculpting this spectacular landscape ever since. Deposition If you could travel in time and visit Capitol Visiting Capitol Reef 180 million years ago, Reef 245 million years ago, you would not when the Navajo Sandstone was deposited, recognize the landscape. Imagine a coastal you would have been surrounded by a giant park, with beaches and tidal flats; the water sand sea, the largest in Earth’s history. In this moves in and out gently, shaping ripple marks hot, dry climate, wind blew over sand dunes, in the wet sand. This is the environment creating large, sweeping crossbeds now in which the sediments of the Moenkopi preserved in the sandstone of Capitol Dome Formation were deposited. and Fern’s Nipple. Now jump ahead 20 million years, to 225 All the sedimentary rock layers were laid million years ago. The tidal flats are gone and down at or near sea level. Younger layers were the climate supports a tropical jungle, filled deposited on top of older layers. The Moenkopi with swamps, primitive trees, and giant ferns. is the oldest layer visible from the visitor center, The water is stagnant and a humid breeze with the younger Chinle Formation above it. -
Horst Inversion Within a Décollement Zone During Extension Upper Rhine Graben, France Joachim Place, M Diraison, Yves Géraud, Hemin Koyi
Horst Inversion Within a Décollement Zone During Extension Upper Rhine Graben, France Joachim Place, M Diraison, Yves Géraud, Hemin Koyi To cite this version: Joachim Place, M Diraison, Yves Géraud, Hemin Koyi. Horst Inversion Within a Décollement Zone During Extension Upper Rhine Graben, France. Atlas of Structural Geological Interpretation from Seismic Images, 2018. hal-02959693 HAL Id: hal-02959693 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02959693 Submitted on 7 Oct 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Horst Inversion Within a Décollement Zone During Extension Upper Rhine Graben, France Joachim Place*1, M. Diraison2, Y. Géraud3, and Hemin A. Koyi4 1 Formerly at Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden 2 Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg/EOST, Strasbourg, France 3 Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France 4 Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden * [email protected] The Merkwiller–Pechelbronn oil field of the Upper Rhine Graben has been a target for hydrocarbon exploration for over a century. The occurrence of the hydrocarbons is thought to be related to the noticeably high geothermal gradient of the area. -
Part 629 – Glossary of Landform and Geologic Terms
Title 430 – National Soil Survey Handbook Part 629 – Glossary of Landform and Geologic Terms Subpart A – General Information 629.0 Definition and Purpose This glossary provides the NCSS soil survey program, soil scientists, and natural resource specialists with landform, geologic, and related terms and their definitions to— (1) Improve soil landscape description with a standard, single source landform and geologic glossary. (2) Enhance geomorphic content and clarity of soil map unit descriptions by use of accurate, defined terms. (3) Establish consistent geomorphic term usage in soil science and the National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS). (4) Provide standard geomorphic definitions for databases and soil survey technical publications. (5) Train soil scientists and related professionals in soils as landscape and geomorphic entities. 629.1 Responsibilities This glossary serves as the official NCSS reference for landform, geologic, and related terms. The staff of the National Soil Survey Center, located in Lincoln, NE, is responsible for maintaining and updating this glossary. Soil Science Division staff and NCSS participants are encouraged to propose additions and changes to the glossary for use in pedon descriptions, soil map unit descriptions, and soil survey publications. The Glossary of Geology (GG, 2005) serves as a major source for many glossary terms. The American Geologic Institute (AGI) granted the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) permission (in letters dated September 11, 1985, and September 22, 1993) to use existing definitions. Sources of, and modifications to, original definitions are explained immediately below. 629.2 Definitions A. Reference Codes Sources from which definitions were taken, whole or in part, are identified by a code (e.g., GG) following each definition. -
Wernigerode Castle
Landmark 8 Wernigerode Castle ® On the 17th of November, 2015, during the 38th UNESCO General Assembly, the 195 member states of the United Nations resolved to introduce a new title. As a result, Geoparks can be distinguished as UNESCO Global Geoparks. Among the fi rst 120 UNESCO Global Geoparks, spread throughout 33 countries around the world, is Geopark Harz · Braunschweiger Land · Ostfalen. UNESCO-Geoparks are clearly defi ned, unique areas, in which locations and landscapes of international geological importance are found. They are operated by organisations which, with the involvement of the local population, campaign for the protection of geological heritage, for environmental education and for sustainable regional development. 22 Königslutter 28 ® 1 cm = 16,15 miles 20 Oschersleben 27 18 14 Goslar Halberstadt 3 2 8 1 QuedlinburgQ 4 OsterodeOsterodedee a.H.a.Ha 9 11 5 131 15 16 6 10 17 19 7 Sangerhausen NordhausenNdh 12 21 As early as 2004, 25 Geoparks in Europe and China had founded the Global Geoparks Network (GGN). In autumn of that year Geopark Harz · Braunschweiger Land · Ostfalen became part of the network. In addition, there are various regional networks, among them the European Geoparks Network (EGN). These coordinate international cooperation. In the above overview map you can see the locations of all UNESCO Global Geoparks in Europe, including UNESCO Global Geopark Harz · Braunschweiger Land · Ostfalen and the borders of its parts. Historism 1 Wernigerode Castle Originally, a medieval fortress crowned the promontory of the Agnesberg. After the devastating ravages of the 30-Years-War (1618 – 1648), the work of reconstructing the fortress as a Baroque residence castle began under the Count ERNST OF STOLBERG-WERNIGERODE (1716 – 1778). -
Raplee Ridge Monocline and Thrust Fault Imaged Using Inverse Boundary Element Modeling and ALSM Data
Journal of Structural Geology 32 (2010) 45–58 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Structural Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jsg Structural geometry of Raplee Ridge monocline and thrust fault imaged using inverse Boundary Element Modeling and ALSM data G.E. Hilley*, I. Mynatt, D.D. Pollard Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2115, USA article info abstract Article history: We model the Raplee Ridge monocline in southwest Utah, where Airborne Laser Swath Mapping (ALSM) Received 16 September 2008 topographic data define the geometry of exposed marker layers within this fold. The spatial extent of five Received in revised form surfaces were mapped using the ALSM data, elevations were extracted from the topography, and points 30 April 2009 on these surfaces were used to infer the underlying fault geometry and remote strain conditions. First, Accepted 29 June 2009 we compare elevations extracted from the ALSM data to the publicly available National Elevation Dataset Available online 8 July 2009 10-m DEM (Digital Elevation Model; NED-10) and 30-m DEM (NED-30). While the spatial resolution of the NED datasets was too coarse to locate the surfaces accurately, the elevations extracted at points Keywords: w Monocline spaced 50 m apart from each mapped surface yield similar values to the ALSM data. Next, we used Boundary element model a Boundary Element Model (BEM) to infer the geometry of the underlying fault and the remote strain Airborne laser swath mapping tensor that is most consistent with the deformation recorded by strata exposed within the fold. -
Larimer County, Colorado
Consultants in Natural Resources and the Environment Cultural Resource Survey Upper Thompson Sanitation District New Wastewater Treatment Facility Preliminary Engineering Report and Funding Project Larimer County, Colorado Prepared for⎯ Upper Thompson Sanitation District 2196 Mall Road PO Box 568 Estes Park, Colorado 80517 Submitted to— U.S. Department of Agriculture Rural Development Colorado Office Denver Federal Center Building 56, Room 2300 Denver, Colorado 80225-0426 Prepared by⎯ ERO Resources Corporation 1842 Clarkson Street Denver, Colorado 80218 (303) 830-1188 Written by⎯ Katherine Mayo Prepared under the supervision of⎯ Jonathan Hedlund, Principal Investigator State Permit No. 2020-77455 SHPO Report ID LR.RD.R1 ERO Project No. 20-082 February 2021 For Official Use Only: Disclosure of site locations prohibited (43 CFR 7.18) Denver • Durango • Hotchkiss • Idaho www.eroresources.com OAHP1421 Colorado Historical Society - Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Cultural Resource Survey Management Information Form I. PROJECT SIZE Total federal acres in project 8.63 Total federal acres surveyed 8.63 Total state acres in project Total state acres surveyed Total private acres in project 12.23 Total private acres surveyed 12.23 Total other acres in project 3.38 Total other acres surveyed 3.38 II. PROJECT LOCATION County: Larimer USGS Quad Map: Glen Haven, CO and Panorama Peak, CO PrincipalMeridian: 6th Township 5N Range 72W Section 29 NW 1/4 of SW 1/4 Township 5N Range 72W Section 29 SE 1/4 of NW 1/4 Township 5N Range 72W Section 29 SW 1/4 of NW 1/4 Township 5N Range 72W Section 29 SW 1/4 of NE 1/4 Township 5N Range 72W Section 29 SE 1/4 of NE 1/4 Township 5N Range 72W Section 29 NE 1/4 of NE 1/4 Township 5N Range 72W Section 29 NW 1/4 of NE 1/4 III. -
Hogback Is Ridge Formed by Near- Vertical, Resistant Sedimentary Rock
Chapter 16 Landscape Evolution: Geomorphology Topography is a Balance Between Erosion and Tectonic Uplift 1 Topography is a Balance Between Erosion and Tectonic Uplift 2 Relief • The relief in an area is the maximum difference between the highest and lowest elevation. – We have about 7000 feet of relief between Boulder and the Continental divide. Relief 3 Mountains and Valleys • A mountain is a large mass of rock that projects above surrounding terrain. • A mountain range is a continuous area of high elevation and high relief. • A valley is an area of low relief typically formed by and drained by a single stream. • A basin is a large low-lying area of low relief. In arid areas basins commonly have closed topography (no river outlet to the sea). Mountains • Typically occur in ranges. • Glaciated forms –Horn –Arête • Desert Mountains – Vertical Cliffs – Alluvial Fans 4 Mountain Landforms: Horn Deserts: Vertical Cliffs and Alluvial Fans 5 Valleys and Basins • River Valleys – U-shape (Glacial) – V-shape (Active Water erosion) – Flat-floored (depositional flood plain) • Tectonic (Fault) Valleys (Basins) – Tectonic origin – San Luis Valley – Jackson Hole – Great Basin U-shaped Valley: Glacial Erosion 6 V-shaped Valley: Active water erosion Flat-floored Valley: Depositional Flood Plain 7 Desert and Semi-arid Landforms • A plateau is a broad area of uplift with relatively little internal relief. • A mesa is a small (<10 km2)plateau bounded by cliffs, commonly in an area of flat-lying sedimentary rocks. • A butte is a small (<1000m2) hill bounded by cliffs Plateau, Mesa, Butte 8 Colorado National Monument Canyonlands 9 Desert and Semi-arid Landforms • A cuesta is an asymmetric ridge in dipping sedimentary rocks as the Flatirons. -
A Geomorphic Classification System
A Geomorphic Classification System U.S.D.A. Forest Service Geomorphology Working Group Haskins, Donald M.1, Correll, Cynthia S.2, Foster, Richard A.3, Chatoian, John M.4, Fincher, James M.5, Strenger, Steven 6, Keys, James E. Jr.7, Maxwell, James R.8 and King, Thomas 9 February 1998 Version 1.4 1 Forest Geologist, Shasta-Trinity National Forests, Pacific Southwest Region, Redding, CA; 2 Soil Scientist, Range Staff, Washington Office, Prineville, OR; 3 Area Soil Scientist, Chatham Area, Tongass National Forest, Alaska Region, Sitka, AK; 4 Regional Geologist, Pacific Southwest Region, San Francisco, CA; 5 Integrated Resource Inventory Program Manager, Alaska Region, Juneau, AK; 6 Supervisory Soil Scientist, Southwest Region, Albuquerque, NM; 7 Interagency Liaison for Washington Office ECOMAP Group, Southern Region, Atlanta, GA; 8 Water Program Leader, Rocky Mountain Region, Golden, CO; and 9 Geology Program Manager, Washington Office, Washington, DC. A Geomorphic Classification System 1 Table of Contents Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... 5 I. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................. 6 History of Classification Efforts in the Forest Service ............................................................... 6 History of Development .............................................................................................................. 7 Goals