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Home , Bright Angel Shale, Crenulation, Dox Formation, Esplanade Sandstone, Grand Canyon (book), Grand Canyon Supergroup

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U.S. Department of the Interior Geologic Investigations Series I–2688 Version 1.0 U.S. Geological Survey 167.5 1 BIG SPRINGS CORRELATION OF MAP UNITS LIST OF MAP UNITS 4 Pt Ph Pamphlet accompanies map .5 Ph SURFICIAL DEPOSITS Pk SURFICIAL DEPOSITS SUPAI Pk Qr Holocene Qr deposits (Holocene) Qsb CRAZY JUG Pt Qtg Qa Qt Ql Pk Pt Ph MONOCLINE MONOCLINE QUATERNARY Geologic Map of the Pleistocene Qtg Terrace gravel deposits (Holocene and Pleistocene) Pc Pk 103.5 Pe 14 Qa Alluvial deposits (Holocene and Pleistocene) Pt Pc VOLCANIC ROCKS 45.5 SINYALA Qti TAPEATS FAULT Qi Qt Travertine deposits (Holocene and Pleistocene) DE MOTTE FAULT Pc Qhp Qsp Grand ၧ 10 Qtp M u Pt Pleistocene QUATERNARY Pc Qp Pe Qtb Qhb Qsb Ql Landslide deposits (Holocene and Pleistocene) Qsb Qhp Ph ′ × ′ BIG SPRINGS FAULT VOLCANIC DEPOSITS Dtb Pk SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 30 60 Quadrangle, Mr Pc 61 Quaternary (Pleistocene) Qsp 11 7 49 Qhb Pk 6 MUAV FAULT 2 Tuckup Canyon (Pleistocene) 14Pt ၣ Lower 4 m

12 Triassic Qsb Ph Pk Mr Qti Intrusive dikes Coconino and Mohave Counties, Pe 4.5 Unconformity 2 3 Pc Qtp Pyroclastic deposits Mr 0.5 1.5 Mၧu EAST KAIBAB MONOCLINE Pk 24.5 Ph 18

1 222 7 Qtb Basalt flow

5 1.5 Northwestern FISHTAIL FAULT Pt Unconformity Dtb Pc Basalt of Hancock Knolls (Pleistocene) Pe Pe Mၧu Mr Pc Pk Pk Pk NOBLE Pt Qhp Qhb 1 Mၧu Pyroclastic deposits Qhp 5 Pe Pt FAULT 14 Pc Ms 12 1 Pc 12 10.5 Lower Qhb Basalt flows 1 9 1 0.5 2 By George H. Billingsley .5 ၤm EAST KAIBAB Permian Qtg 3 24 Unconformity Sage Basalt (Pleistocene) DEER FAULT 1.5 45.5 ၤt 29 Pe 3.5 KAIBAB Qsp Pyroclastic deposits Digital database by Haydee M. Hampton Dtb ၤba Dtb Pk Pc Ph 15 SURPRISE VALLEY Ql Dtb 6 Qhp 0.5 Qtg Qa LANDSLIDE Ph Qsb Basalt flows Pt Yb ၤt Unconformity Ql Yd Xgr 25 Xv ၤm 2000 Pt 36 Ys Mr Qi Basalt dikes and necks (Pleistocene) Pc Ms Yb MARBLE Pe ၤm 75 Ql Mၧu 66 53 Qa ၤm Qp Pyroclastic deposits (Pleistocene) Qt Yh ၤ ၤba Pt Pk Ph Unconformity Supai Pt Xv t Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Qa Ms ၤba Dtb Ql ANTICLINE UNCLE JIM Qhp Mr Yb Upper, Middle, and MESOZOIC AND PALEOZOIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Qhp 9 Mr ၧ Qr Yi Pc Pt M u Lower Pennsylvanian Pk Yh ၣm Qa Pc Ph Pe Pe ၤ (Lower Triassic) Ph Ms Yb t 12 ၤm 1 ၧ Dtb ၤt M u Unconformity Qhb 1 1 Ys Pk Pe Pk Kaibab Formation (Lower Permian), undivided—Includes, in descending Yb Mr Ms FAULT Upper order, Harrisburg and Members, undivided Qhb Pc 6 3 Ms Pt Qa Ph 3 MISSISSIPPIAN Qa Qhb 7.5 Pc ၧ Pt (Lower Permian),undivided—Includes, in descending Ql 15.2 M u Unconformity Qtp Qtb Mၧu Pe order, Woods Ranch, Brady Canyon, and Seligman Members, undivided Qti Pe Mr Yb Qa 2 Pt Ys 3 Mr Dtb Pc Coconino (Lower Permian) Qt 3 Yh Pt Lower Mississippian Pc 1 Qti 3 ၧ Pk M u Pc Unconformity Ph (Lower Permian) Qtp Dtb Ys ၤm Pt 45.5 Ph 1 Yb Yi Upper and Middle 2 ၤba Pk Dtb (Lower Permian, Pennsylvanian, and Upper Mississippian) Qa 1 10 Devonian Ph Yi Qr Yi Pc Pe Pe (Lower Permian) Qa Ms FOSSIL Unconformity Pk Ms Ph Pc Qt Dtb Ms Yb ၧ Ms MONOCLINE Pt M u ၧ ၤt 6 M u Wescogame (Upper Pennsylvanian), Manakacha (Middle Pennsylvanian), Ph Pc Dtb Mr Pk ၤm Qi ၤ m 15 Ph and Watahomigi Formations (Lower Pennsylvanian and Upper Xv 2 Pk Middle Pc 85 Tonto Ms 3.5 Ql ၤba CAMBRIAN Mississippian), undivided Pc 3 60 Xgr Group Pc 3 ၤ Pt Pe 3 Pk1 44 ba Ph 12 Pc Ms Surprise Canyon Formation (Upper Mississippian) Pe 3 10.5 68 Xbr Pk ၤt 4 R 3 24.5 Lower Cambrian Dtb 6 Ms Ql Mၧu Ms 1 Pe Pc 18.5 Mr Redwall (Upper and Lower Mississippian), undivided—Includes, Ms MIDDLE SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 3 Pc 54 Xv65 in descending order, , Mooney Falls, Thunder Springs, and Mၧu 6 Pt 1 Ms 2 Ph 3 Ms Pt 62 Xr Pe Whitmore Wash Members Mၧu Xbr Mၧu 30.5 1 0.5 ၤm Qi D Yi Dtb Formation (Upper and Middle Devonian) 66 Mၧu E M Xr 2 FA Mr 3 Dtb O Qt 64 Dtb U TTE (Middle and Lower Cambrian) Dtb Ph Ms Pe LT Unconformity Ph Xo Dtb Qi Pe SINYALA FAULT Pk ၤm (Middle Cambrian) Pe Xec Pt Ql Qr MUAV FAULT Yd Xec Pt ၤ Pe MILK BASIN ၤba Mr Pc ba ၤba Pk Unkar Middle Bright Angel (Middle Cambrian) Qi 1 ၤ Mၧu Qr Pt t Pc Pt Ys Pc 1 Ph Mr 4.5 Group Proterozoic ၤ Pt Qp .5 t 1 Dtb Ys (Middle and Lower Cambrian) Pe Mr Mr Ms 12 ၤm Unconformity Ms ၤ R ၤba Pc R 3 9 ba ၤ Qi m FAULT Ms BUTCHART ၤ MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Pc Ph 1 Qr ၧ Pc t A' Pe FAULT M u FAULT Yh Xbr Pt Ms Ph ၤ 1 Supergroup 1 Qi Ms t Pk Ys 6 Qtg 28 Xgr Yb Ms ၤt Yh 86 Xv 12 7.5 (Middle Proterozoic) Qt 44 ၤ 31 MATKATAMIBA m Yd Qr Pc 15 R 1 26 9 Pc 3 18.5 Yi Pc 6 Unnamed sills and dikes Dtb Ms 9 30 6Xr 13.5 EARLY PROTEROZOIC CRYSTALLINE ROCKS Qr Mr SYNCLINE Ql 122 Ph Yi ၤt 45.5 Xgd ၤm 61 Pc Pk 2 Greatest Angular Unconformity Dtb Yh Ys Yd —Includes part of the Escalante Creek Member 72 15 PROTEROZOIC Ph ၧ ၤ 75 ၤba Yh Ph 1 M u Pe ba 73 Xbr 76 12 45.5 17 R Xg Pe Yb Yh Dtb Ys Shinumo 8 52 65 21 7.5 Yd ၤt Pc Pt Qr 3 64 78 46 ၤ 122 18Ys m Mr Pc 50 Xv 37 Yh 18.5 Qr 50 82 29 60 Xgr ၧ Ph Qr 84 76 Yh ၤ Xec Xo Yi FAULT 3 41 m M u Pt ၤt Xbr 79 40 81 Ys Mr R Qr Qt Xgr Qt Xo 55 Pt 24.5 Pt Pt Yh 45.5 71 57 Mၧu Dtb 44 Xec Ms Xo 71 26 Xgd Xec 3056 Xv ROARING SPRINGS FAULT Yb Bass Formation—Includes basal Hotauta Member Qr Qr 6Xr5 75 Xgr 75 Yi 1 ၤt 23 Pc Xec Xec 78 Yb 7 25 Qt Pe 9 14 Yi Pk 39.5 Dtb ၤba 46 ၤt Ql Xum Pk 1 45 ၤ Yb 9 Pe 3 t 11 9 EARLY PROTEROZOIC CRYSTALLINE ROCKS 4.5 75 Yh Ys 3 2 ၤba Early Mr 13 Yi63 Mr Xv Dtb 52 Pc 27 Qt 152.5 Intrusive rocks 1.5 Yh .5 Proterozoic 25 Pe Pe Pc 15 1 Xgr Xgd R Ms Yb Ql 24 Xg Mၧu 61 Xbr Young and 1 E 70 39.5 SPRINGS Pc FAULT Pc Xgr ZON Yb ၧ Pe HAVASU 34 Ys Xr Xgr Granite, granitic pegmatite, and aplite M u 0.5 1 Ql Yi Pe Pe ၤba Mr A Dtb Ys Qt 87 2 Pk 1 Ph R ၤm Mၧu Pt 9 R 36.5 Xgd 1 Xgr Yh Xo Granodiorite complexes Ph Ph ၤ Ph 10.5 m Pc Xec Xo 0 Yb Xgd Pc R 2 Yi Ms Xum Ultramafic rocks Pt Pc 6 T Xgd Xec Pt 18.5 Xec 3.5 Qt Dtb 2 24 4.5 Yh Yi Ys ၤ Dtb Pk FAUL t Pc 1 Pe 1 6 Metamorphic rocks Ql Ql 0.5 Ql u Qt ၤ ၧ Dtb BASS Xv Yb Ql m Ph Pc 4.5 M Xv Vishnu Mr Pt 44 Pc Pc 49 Yb ၤ D' ၤm 26 ၤ Dtb Dtb ba Pk Mr t ၤ SUPAI MONOCLINE MONUMENT ba Xbr Brahma Schist MONOCLINE Ms Ph Xgr Xgr Ys DRAGON FAULT Pk Mၧu CATARACT Ql Xgd ၤt 152.5 Ms 1 Xr Rama Schist B' 3 Ql Pk Pc Mr Pk ၤba Xgr 9 Xo ၤ Pe Orthoamphibole-bearing Pe Pc t Mၧu Dtb 77 68 Yd 78 Ys Xv 4 11 Yh 5.5 Ys 33 3 Yi Xec Elves Chasm pluton Mၧu Yi Pc Pe 69 Yb Pc Ys Yb Yh Pk Mr Yi Ph Xgd Xv C 11 Pt Pt ၤm RY 6 Pe ၤ B

t Xr 7 ST Yi Pc Xv 78 Ys 6

A 3 Pt 53 ၧ 1 Pc Ql 82 L M u Ql Pc ၤt Yh Ql Ph ၤ 44 Yb14 P ba H A Xv 82 15 7.5 Pt Xv Xv N SYNCLINE 1 Pt T Ql Contact of metamorphic Xv 9 O Ql 12 Xgr M Ms 4.5 OB STAIRWAY 0.5 Ms FA Ms Yi T Xgr Xr FAULT L 6 I Dtb 59 21 U U Ms Inclined A Pe Pt 0.5 21 73 Xv LT ၤt Xr F Fault—Dashed where inferred or approximately located; dotted where Xgr Xbr Ph DEVA 10.5 Ph Pe Ys Yh ၤm 4.5 R 7.5 ၤ concealed. Bar and solid ball on downthrown side of Paleozoic Xgd Dtb t Mၧu FAULT Pt Pc ၤba 63 3 Xr Vertical Pk ၤ OTTOM ၤ m ၤ ၤ Ql displacement; bar and open ball on downthrown side of Ph Mၧu Xv t Xgd ba m MOHAWK Qr ၤt 22 8 Ph ၤ 45.5 4 FAULT displacement. R indicates reverse fault. Number is estimated offset along ba Yb C Yi Yb 9 65 Strike and dip of early penetrative layering, and trend and plunge of Pe 1 Dtb AN ၤ Xg Xv Yh fault in meters m 84 76 244 BRIGHT ANGEL 7 metamorphic mineral 0 83 Ql 9 Xbr ၧ Pe 54 Xv 30.5 2.5 M u Pc 1 Yb Folds—Dashed where approximately located; dotted where concealed PIUTE Xv Xv Xbr ၤba FAULT 80 Strike and dip of main differentiated 6 84 Ql Xgr ၤt 85 FAULT 73 87 Ys Yd 10.5 74 Ms 12 Anticline—Showing trace of axial surface and direction of plunge 0.5 30.5 14 Yh R 76 FAULT 72 84 65 3 Strike and dip of late incipient crenulation cleavage 8 Xbr Xgr 1 79 45 1 6 Xr 9 Pt 73 30 Xgr Pe Ph 1.5 Qr 84 82 Ys Yb .5 82 18 ၤm 12 83 76 2 152 Syncline—Showing trace of axial surface and direction of plunge 7.5 72 Xr Pc Pc Xgr Xum ၤm Ys SLATE 63 Yb R Yb Yi 65 Strike and dip of magmatic foliation ၤ Ms Yh Ph Pc 29 t Xg Yi 45.5 Pt 18.5 12 Xv Xg Xr Yd Ph r 83 Xv 82 Xgd 30.5 Monocline—Axial trace located approximately midway between top and b 83 r Yb 3 X 88 Xbr b 74 Ql 2 X 82 Collapse structure—Black dot shows circular collapse structure characterized Pc Xr 5 82 4 Dtb Xgr ၤ Xv .5 87 bottom hinges of 7.5 t Xgr 79 Yh Ys Qt 69 Yh ၤt Yb 24.5 Xg Yb by strata dipping inward toward central point; magenta dot shows circular 81 76 83 Xbr Pk 6 Xr 71 Qt 82 3 Strike and dip of beds 24.5 Qt Xv Qr 65Xr 122 collapse structure characterized by inward-dipping strata and brecciated Qr 71 81 Qr 1 1009 72 80 Xbr 10 PIUTE 40 84 Xg 4 Xgd Pc 89 8 Yb Xv Dtb Horizontal rock. May reflect collapse of deep-seated breccia pipe that originated in Xv 77 Dtb 75 82 5 76 Xr FAULT 3 Xg Ql Pc Yh Xbr Pe Xbr Xgr 61 ၤm 84 ၤba 88 60 81 Mr 83 Ys Xg 80 7.5 12 Pt Xv Xbr Xr TIPOFF FAULT ၤ 5 65 t Xg 82 Inclined Xgr ၤt 1.5 Flow direction of basalt Qa Xgr Ql ၤba Xgr Yh 86 88 Pt Mၧu 6 ၤt D 72 3 4 77 Xbr Yi Xv Xbr 68 Strike of vertical and subvertical joints in Paleozoic rocks ၤt Xgr Xum Pyroclastic cone or vent area Xg ၤm 81 Xr 80 85 Mၧu Kanab Canyon. Woodcut of drawing by Thomas Moran showing Kanab Canyon, near the junction of with 77 80 Ql 88 ၤ the . About 2,800 feet of wall is shown here, the upper portion being the Red Wall. The upper walls (Aubrey Ph Pt ၤm C' m Ms Sinkhole 3 C 5 R R ၤ Dtb 3 Mၧu E 79 ba Pk 5 EREMITA F M Cliffs) are not disclosed. The depth of Kanab Canyon here is about 4,700 feet. From U.S. Geological Survey Second Annual MONOCLINE A A U 85 T Xum 5 L IO Pt Dtb T Report (1880Ð1881). 9 N Mr Pc Pk Pc Xgr Xv 61 Ms Ms Ql Pe 83 Pk 3 Ph Xv Pe Pc Mr Pt ၤt ၧ Ql M u ° ° Pk 2.5 113 00' 112 00' Pk Pc 36°30' Pk 76

1 Ph 3 D 10.5 Ms Pt Pe 5 Xgr HERMIT B Pc Mr FAULT Pc Ql R ၤt 30.5 15 Pt Ql GRANDVIEW- 18 Ms PHANTOM Pc Ph Pk Pe MONOCLINE Pe 1 ၤm Qt Pt ၣ BRIGHT ANGEL FAULT ၧ 30.5 m ၤ we ba Mၧu Qt Pt 5 Dtb ၧm Pk

16 ၧ ၣm 1 M wa 7 12 ၧ 2 1 Pc we McKEE FAULT3 Pk

15.2 1 80 68 ၧm Ph 79

88 Base from U.S. Geological Survey, 1984. 13 1/ ° Mၧwa 2 SCALE 1:100 000 Geology1 compiled by George H. Billingsley, 1997–1998. Projection and 10,000-meter grid, zone 12: Universal Transverse Mercator. 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 678 MILES by George H. Billingsley;55 25,000-foot grid ticks based on Arizona coordinate system, central and west zones. TH 84 ARIZONA by Peter W. Huntoon, 1996; 1927 North American datum Middle Proterozoic geology by James W. Sears, 1971; 1 012 3 4 5 6 789 10 KILOMETERS Early Proterozoic geology by Karl E. Karlstrom, 1998. ETIC NOR A C TRUE NORTH AGN CONTOUR INTERVAL 50 METERS Digital design and layout by Carol Quesenberry and Alessandro J. Donatich M NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM OF 1929 Editing and digital cartography by Alessandro J. Donatich APPROXIMATE MEAN QUADRANGLE LOCATION DECLINATION, 1997 Manuscript approved for publication November 5, 1999 1 36°00'

INDEX TO GEOLOGIC MAPPING A, Huntoon and others (1996) C, Wenrich and others (1997) B, Billingsley and Huntoon (1983) D, New mapping by George Billingsley, 1997 A A' C Cheops C' D D' FEET FEET Pyramid D–D' FEET Johnson Point FEET Figure 1. Aerial view looking south at Supai in Havasu Canyon of . Downtown Supai is lower FEET SECTION FEET Mr 6000 Dox 6000 6000 6000 6000 C–C' 6000 Mr Mr left of photo. The cliffs are those of the Supai Group [Esplanade Sandstone (Pe), Castle ၧ SECTION Dtb M u B B' Dtb PHANTOM FAULT Dtb ၤba Phantom Creek ၤ

CRYSTAL FAULT CRYSTAL m (ၧwe), (ၧm), and Watahomigi Formation (Mၧwa)]. Unit Qt is travertine deposits. Dtb FEET ၤm Crystal Creek FEET ၤba ၤ ၤba MUAV FAULT MUAV ၤm ၤm ၤ m

Shinumo Creek t ၤ ၤ Mr Dtb ၤ ba Colorado River m ၤba ၤba t ၤt Ys ၤt ၤba ၤ BRIGHT ANGEL FAULT ၤ The Redwall Limestone is under the alluvial valley floor. Photograph by G.H. Billingsley. 4000 ၤt ၤ 4000 4000 t 4000 4000 Ys 4000 4000 ba ၤt Ys ၤt 4000 Colorado River ၤba m Yh ၤba Colorado River Ys Yb ၤ Yi Yb Yi Yd t Yd Yh Yi Xr Yb Yh Yh Xbr Yb Yh The Toroweap. A pinnacled gable of the Ys Yb Ys Xv Yb Yb Xbr Ys Toroweap. Woodcut from the original 2000 Yb Xbr 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 Xgd Xr Xv Xgr drawing by W.H. Holmes. From U.S. Yi Xv Yh Xgr Xbr Xbr Xv Xbr Xgd Xgr Xr Xr Xv Xr Geological Survey Monograph 2 (1882). Pk Xv Yh Xr Yb Yi Pe Yh Pt SEA LEVEL SEA LEVEL SEA LEVEL SEA LEVEL SEA LEVEL SEA LEVEL SEA LEVEL SEA LEVEL Pc Xbr Xv Xv Yi Xgr Xbr 1000 ft = 305 m VERTICAL EXAGGERATION x2 VERTICAL EXAGGERATION x2 VERTICAL EXAGGERATION x2 1000 ft = 305 m VERTICAL EXAGGERATION x2 Ph Pe Mၧu

Mၧu Ms

Ms Mr

Dtb Dtb ၤba A ၤm Figure 4. Aerial view looking southeast to the mouth of Bright ၤ ၤ Angel Creek, Bright Angel Campground (D), lower part of south Mr m Ql ba ၤm Ys Kaibab Trail (A), (B), and lower bridge crossing Ys Ys C Yh ၤt ( ) of the Colorado River. View shows a Proterozoic-age that Ys ၤt D Yh U is now a Paleozoic between the Cremation and Tipoff faults; Ys DU ၤt ၤ Cremation fault ba ၤt ၤ D Ys Paleozoic offsets shown by bar and ball; Proterozoic offsets shown by Dtb Yb t Yb U U (upthrown) and D (downthrown). Colorado River gravel deposits ၤ t Yh (Qr), landslide deposits (Ql), Muav Limestone (ၤm), Bright Angel Yh D Shale (ၤba), Tapeats Sandstone (ၤt), (Ys), Xv Yb D U Yb ၤt U Hakatai Shale (Yh), Bass Formation (Yb), and Brahma Schist (Xbr). ၤm Photograph by G.H. Billingsley. D Yb D U U Xbr ၤba Xbr A

Xbr Tipoff fault ၤt B

A D U Xbr Figure 2. Aerial view looking north down Colorado River towards the southwestern end of Powell . Kanab Canyon. The pinnacle or tower is in the Redwall Limestone of the Kanab Canyon and is about 780 feet high. This woodcut is from an original Kaibab Formation (Pk), Toroweap Formation (Pt), (Pc), Hermit Formation (Ph), Qr Panorama from Point Sublime, looking west. From original drawing by W.H. Holmes. From U.S. Geological Qr Esplanade Sandstone (Pe), Wescogame, Manakacha, and Watahomigi Formations, undivided (Mၧu), Surprise drawing by Thomas Moran. From U.S. Geological Survey Second Annual B Survey Second Annual Report (1880Ð1881). C Canyon Formation (Ms), Redwall Limestone (Mr), (Dtb), Muav Limestone (ၤm), Report (1880Ð1881). Qr (ၤba), Tapeats Sandstone (ၤt), and Vishnu Schist (Xv). Photograph by G.H. Billingsley. U D

Pk Pt D Pc Ph Pe Pe Mၧu Mၧu

Mr

Dtb Dtb ၤm ၤm ၤm ၤba ၤ Surprise Valley t ၤba Mr

Ys ၤt Ys ၤt Ys Yh Dtb Yi Ql

Yb Ys Yb ၤm Yh Yb Ys Tonto Platform. View eastward up Kaibab division of Grand Canyon from level of the Esplanade directly Yi under Point. Photograph by N.W. Carkhuff. Yb Yb Grand Canyon. West-looking, low-oblique image of the Grand Canyon, Ariz., taken from the Space Shuttle in February 1994 (STS060-083-005). Yb Yi Yh The snow-covered, forested (north of the canyon) and the (south of the canyon) are visible. The western portions of Yb the can be seen east of the canyon where the joins the Colorado River. Source of image: http://earth.jsc.nasa.gov/ Xv lores.cgi?PHOTO=STS060-083-005 ၤba rb

Yb Xv ၤba

Panorama from Point Sublime, looking east. From original Figure 3. Aerial view looking northwest towards Shinumo Creek and . Faults are not shown drawing by W.H. Holmes. From U.S. Geological Survey because of perspective problems in this view. Only general contacts in Late Proterozoic units are shown as a Ys Second Annual Report (1880Ð1881). general guide to this complicated region. Paleozoic rocks: Kaibab Formation (Pk), Toroweap Formation (Pt), Ys . Looking into the Marble Canyon of Coconino Sandstone (Pc), Hermit Formation (Ph), Esplanade Sandstone (Pe), Wescogame, Manakacha, and the Colorado River. The Shinumo Altar is in the distance. ၧ Watahomigi Formations, undivided (M u), Redwall Limestone (Mr), Temple Butte Formation (Dtb), Muav Photograph by J.K. Hillers. Limestone (ၤm), Bright Angel Shale (ၤba), and Tapeats Sandstone (ၤt). Proterozoic rocks: unnamed diabase sills and dikes (Yi), Shinumo Quartzite (Ys), Hakatai Shale (Yh), Bass Formation (Yb), and Vishnu Schist (Xv). Figure 5. Aerial view looking northwest towards Thunder Spring and Thunder River, which joins Tapeats Photograph by G.H. Billingsley. Any use of trade names in this publication is for Creek just below photo. Surprise Valley landslide (Ql) is one of the largest landslides in the map area. Redwall descriptive purposes only and does not imply Limestone (Mr), Temple Butte Formation (Dtb), Muav Limestone (ၤm), Bright Angel Shale (ၤba), and endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey Shinumo Quartzite (Ys). The red-brown member of the Bright Angel Shale (rb) overlies the Shinumo Quartzite For sale by U.S. Geological Survey Information Services and is a tongue of sandstone lithologically similar to the Tapeats Sandstone. Photograph by G.H. Billingsley. Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225 1-888-ASK-USGS This map is also available as a PDF at Printed on recycled paper http://greenwood.cr.usgs.gov/greenwood-pubs.html