Raplee Ridge Monocline and Thrust Fault Imaged Using Inverse Boundary Element Modeling and ALSM Data
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Monoclinal Flexure of an Orogenic Plateau Margin During Subduction, South Turkey
Non-peer reviewed preprint submitted to EarthArXiv Monoclinal flexure of an orogenic plateau margin during subduction, south Turkey Running title: Monoclinal flexure plateau margin David Fernández-Blanco1, Giovanni Bertotti2, Ali Aksu3 and Jeremy Hall3 1Tectonics and Structural Geology Department, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands [email protected] 2Department of Geotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN, Delft, the Netherlands 3 Department of Earth Sciences, Centre for Earth Resources Research, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X5 Non-peer reviewed preprint submitted to EarthArXiv Abstract Geologic evidence across orogenic plateau margins helps to discriminate the relative contributions of orogenic, epeirogenic and/or climatic processes leading to growth and maintenance of orogenic plateaus and plateau margins. Here, we discuss the mode of formation of the southern margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau (SCAP), and evaluate its time of formation, using fieldwork in the onshore and seismic reflection data in the offshore. In the onshore, uplifted Miocene rocks in a dip-slope topography show monocline flexure over >100 km, few-km asymmetric folds verging south, and outcrop- scale syn-sedimentary reverse faults. On the Turkish shelf, vertical faults transect the basal latest Messinian of a ~10 km fold where on-structure syntectonic wedges and synsedimentary unconformities indicate pre-Pliocene uplift and erosion followed by Pliocene and younger deformation. Collectively, Miocene rocks delineate a flexural monocline at plateau margin scale, expressed along our on-offshore sections as a kink- band fold with a steep flank ~20–25 km long. -
Copyright Notice
COPYRIGHT NOTICE The following document is subject to copyright agreements. The attached copy is provided for your personal use on the understanding that you will not distribute it and that you will not include it in other published documents. Dr Evert Hoek Evert Hoek Consulting Engineer Inc. 3034 Edgemont Boulevard P.O. Box 75516 North Vancouver, B.C. Canada V7R 4X1 Email: [email protected] Support Decision Criteria for Tunnels in Fault Zones Andreas Goricki, Nikos Rachaniotis, Evert Hoek, Paul Marinos, Stefanos Tsotsos and Wulf Schubert Proceedings of the 55th Geomechanics Colloquium, Salsberg Published in Felsbau, 24/5, 2006. Goricki et al. (2006) 22 Support decision criteria for tunnels in fault zones Support Decision Criteria for Tunnels in Fault Zones Abstract A procedure for the application of designed support measures for tunnelling in fault zones with squeezing potential is presented in this paper. Criteria for the support decision based on quantitative parameters are defined. These criteria provide an objective basis for the assignment of the designed support categories to the actual ground conditions. Besides the explanation of the criteria and the implementation into the general geomechanical design process an example from the Egnatia Odos project in Greece is given. The Metsovo tunnel is located in a geomechanical difficult area including fault zones and a major thrust zone with high overburden. Focusing on squeezing sections of this tunnel project the application of the support decision criteria is shown. Introduction Tunnelling in fault zones in general is associated with frequently changing ground and ground water conditions together with large and occasionally long lasting displacements. -
Tectonic Evolution of Structures in Southern Sindh Monocline, Indus Basin, Pakistan Formed in Multi-Extensional Tectonic Episodes of Indian Plate
Tectonic Evolution of Structures in Southern Sindh Monocline, Indus Basin, Pakistan Formed in Multi-Extensional Tectonic Episodes of Indian Plate Sarfraz Hussain Solangi, Shabeer Ahmed, Muhammad Akram Qureshi, Mohammad Shahid, Uzair Hamid Awan Universityof Sindh, Pakistan Summary There are number of structures and structural styles found in extensional tectonic settings of the world but the evolution of these structuresis still needful and a big challenge as well. Evolution of structures in extensional settings have been studied by Yuan Li et al., (2016)and many other reserachers on different extensional basins of the world. Sindh Monocline lies on the western corner of Indian Plate and the tectonic history of Indian plate has been well described by Chatterjee et al., (2013) while tectonic history of Sindh Monocline has been studied by Zaigham, and Mallick, (2000), Chatterjee et al., (2013) (Fig.1). The aim of this study is the evolution of structures in the subsurface of Southern Sindh Monocline, Pakistan using the seismic data interpretation and faltenning of horizons approach. Jamaluddin et al., (2015) and others have also testified such approach. Southern Sindh Monocline is charaterized and experienced by different tectonic episodes of Indian plate while rifting from Gondwanaland, rifting from other plates at different geological times and to its collision with the Asia. Basic structures with in study area are classified into nine types whilethe structural styles have been classified into six types as horst and grabens,dominos,crotch,synthetic -
The Origin of Comb Ridge
THE ZEPHYR/ JUNE-JULY 2011 THE ORIGIN OF COMB RIDGE Robert Fillmore, Western State College of Colorado in Gunnison, CO (An excerpt and images from his new book: Geological Evolution of the Colorado Plateau) Comb Ridge is a lofty sinuous spine of red sandstone that stretch- ramp of Comb Ridge. Another notable result of this uplift is the es over 80 miles across northern Arizona and southeast Utah. This ensuing deep incision into the uplift by energized rivers as their monocline, as these structures are called, begins near Kayenta and runoff seeks a path to lower elevations. The deep narrow canyons snakes northward to fade away near the west flank of the Abajo of Cedar Mesa owe their existence to Monument Upwarp. Mountains. Monoclines are a peculiar component of the Colorado Plateau, with their long ridges of steeply tilted strata in a region otherwise known for its miles of flat-lying sedimentary rocks. They Monoclines are a peculiar component are hard to miss. Although not confined to the Colorado Plateau, of the Colorado Plateau, with their long ridges their concentration here is unique. Similar structures make up the of steeply tilted strata in a region San Rafael Swell, Capitol reef, and Colorado National monument otherwise known for its miles of near Grand Junction. All are closely related in origin and timing. flat-lying sedimentary rocks. They are hard to miss. The term monocline refers to a single-limbed fold; in simple geometric terms, a gargantuan ramp. The ramp of steeply tilted strata separates uplifted regions from those that have dropped The monoclines formed at the same time as the jagged Rocky downwards, relatively speaking. -
Geology and Stratigraphy Column
Capitol Reef National Park National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Geology “Geology knows no such word as forever.” —Wallace Stegner Capitol Reef National Park’s geologic story reveals a nearly complete set of Mesozoic-era sedimentary layers. For 200 million years, rock layers formed at or near sea level. About 75-35 million years ago tectonic forces uplifted them, forming the Waterpocket Fold. Forces of erosion have been sculpting this spectacular landscape ever since. Deposition If you could travel in time and visit Capitol Visiting Capitol Reef 180 million years ago, Reef 245 million years ago, you would not when the Navajo Sandstone was deposited, recognize the landscape. Imagine a coastal you would have been surrounded by a giant park, with beaches and tidal flats; the water sand sea, the largest in Earth’s history. In this moves in and out gently, shaping ripple marks hot, dry climate, wind blew over sand dunes, in the wet sand. This is the environment creating large, sweeping crossbeds now in which the sediments of the Moenkopi preserved in the sandstone of Capitol Dome Formation were deposited. and Fern’s Nipple. Now jump ahead 20 million years, to 225 All the sedimentary rock layers were laid million years ago. The tidal flats are gone and down at or near sea level. Younger layers were the climate supports a tropical jungle, filled deposited on top of older layers. The Moenkopi with swamps, primitive trees, and giant ferns. is the oldest layer visible from the visitor center, The water is stagnant and a humid breeze with the younger Chinle Formation above it. -
Horst Inversion Within a Décollement Zone During Extension Upper Rhine Graben, France Joachim Place, M Diraison, Yves Géraud, Hemin Koyi
Horst Inversion Within a Décollement Zone During Extension Upper Rhine Graben, France Joachim Place, M Diraison, Yves Géraud, Hemin Koyi To cite this version: Joachim Place, M Diraison, Yves Géraud, Hemin Koyi. Horst Inversion Within a Décollement Zone During Extension Upper Rhine Graben, France. Atlas of Structural Geological Interpretation from Seismic Images, 2018. hal-02959693 HAL Id: hal-02959693 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02959693 Submitted on 7 Oct 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Horst Inversion Within a Décollement Zone During Extension Upper Rhine Graben, France Joachim Place*1, M. Diraison2, Y. Géraud3, and Hemin A. Koyi4 1 Formerly at Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden 2 Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg/EOST, Strasbourg, France 3 Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France 4 Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden * [email protected] The Merkwiller–Pechelbronn oil field of the Upper Rhine Graben has been a target for hydrocarbon exploration for over a century. The occurrence of the hydrocarbons is thought to be related to the noticeably high geothermal gradient of the area. -
Similarities Between the Thick-Skinned Blue Ridge Anticlinorium and the Thin-Skinned Powell Valley Anticline
Similarities between the thick-skinned Blue Ridge anticlinorium and the thin-skinned Powell Valley anticline LEONARD D. HARRIS U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 22092 ABSTRACT a nearly continuous sequence with sedimentary rocks of the Valley and Ridge. South of Roanoke, Virginia, in the southern Appalachi- The Blue Ridge anticlinorium in northern Virginia is a part of an ans, the continuity of the sequence is broken by a series of great integrated deformational system spanning the area from the Pied- thrust faults that have transported Precambrian rocks of the Blue mont to the Appalachian Plateaus. Deformation intensity within Ridge westward in Tennessee at least 56 km (35 mi), burying rocks the system decreases from east to west. Differences of opinion have of the Valley and Ridge province. Although surface relations in the emerged concerning the central Appalachians as to whether the southern Appalachians clearly demonstrate that basement rocks basement rocks exposed in the core of the Blue Ridge anticlinorium are involved in thrusting, surface relations in the central Appala- are rooted or are allochthonous. Available surface and subsurface chians are less definitive. Consequently, differences of opinion have stratigraphie and structural data suggest that the anticlinorium may emerged in the central Appalachians concerning whether, in the be a rootless thick-skinned analogue to the rootless thin-skinned subsurface, basement rocks beneath the Blue Ridge are rooted or Powell Valley anticline in the Valley and Ridge. Both structures involved in thrusting. As an example, Cloos (1947, 1972) consid- were produced during the Alleghenian orogeny by similar defor- ered that the Blue Ridge anticlinorium in northern Virginia and mational processes. -
THE GROWTH of SHEEP MOUNTAIN ANTICLINE: COMPARISON of FIELD DATA and NUMERICAL MODELS Nicolas Bellahsen and Patricia E
THE GROWTH OF SHEEP MOUNTAIN ANTICLINE: COMPARISON OF FIELD DATA AND NUMERICAL MODELS Nicolas Bellahsen and Patricia E. Fiore Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 e-mail: [email protected] be explained by this deformed basement cover interface Abstract and does not require that the underlying fault to be listric. In his kinematic model of a basement involved We study the vertical, compression parallel joint compressive structure, Narr (1994) assumes that the set that formed at Sheep Mountain Anticline during the basement can undergo significant deformations. Casas early Laramide orogeny, prior to the associated folding et al. (2003), in their analysis of field data, show that a event. Field data indicate that this joint set has a basement thrust sheet can undergo a significant heterogeneous distribution over the fold. It is much less penetrative deformation, as it passes over a flat-ramp numerous in the forelimb than in the hinge and geometry (fault-bend fold). Bump (2003) also discussed backlimb, and in fact is absent in many of the forelimb how, in several cases, the basement rocks must be field measurement sites. Using 3D elastic numerical deformed by the fault-propagation fold process. models, we show that early slip along an underlying It is noteworthy that basement deformation often is thrust fault would have locally perturbed the neglected in kinematic (Erslev, 1991; McConnell, surrounding stress field, inducing a compression that 1994), analogue (Sanford, 1959; Friedman et al., 1980), would inhibit joint formation above the fault tip. and numerical models. This can be attributed partially Relating the absence of joints in the forelimb to this to the fact that an understanding of how internal stress perturbation, we are able to constrain the deformation is delocalized in the basement is lacking. -
1 August 26, 2019 Sent Via E-Planning and Overnight Mail
August 26, 2019 Sent via e-Planning and overnight mail Director (210) Attention Protest Coordinator, WO-210 P.O. Box 71383 Washington D.C. 20024-1383 Re: Protest of the Bears Ears National Monument Indian Creek and Shash Jáa Units Proposed Monument Management Plans and Final Environmental Impact Statement Please accept this protest of the Bureau of Land Management’s Bears Ears National Monument (BENM) Indian Creek and Shash Jáa Units Proposed Monument Management Plans and Final Environmental Impact Statement (MMP/FEIS), submitted by the Access Fund, Archaeology Southwest, Conservation Lands Foundation, Friends of Cedar Mesa, National Trust for Historic Preservation, Society for Vertebrate Paleontology and Utah Diné Bikéyah (Protesting Parties or Protestors). The Protesting Parties incorporate by reference the points and arguments raised in the protests filed by the Wilderness Society (and their partners), as well as by any tribes or tribally affiliated organizations. INTERESTS AND INVOLVEMENT OF THE PARTIES The Access Fund is a national advocacy organization whose mission keeps climbing areas open and conserves the climbing environment. A 501(c)(3) non-profit supporting and representing over 7 million climbers nationwide in all forms of climbing—rock climbing, ice climbing, mountaineering, and bouldering—the Access Fund is the largest US climbing organization with nearly 20,000 members and 120 affiliates. We currently hold memorandums of understanding1 with the Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, and Forest Service to work together regarding how climbing is managed on federal land. The Access Fund provides climbing management expertise, stewardship, project specific funding, and educational outreach for climbing areas across the country including the BENM region, and Utah is one of our largest member states. -
Basin Inversion and Structural Architecture As Constraints on Fluid Flow and Pb-Zn Mineralisation in the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic S
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2020-31 Preprint. Discussion started: 6 April 2020 c Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. 1 Basin inversion and structural architecture as constraints on fluid 2 flow and Pb-Zn mineralisation in the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic 3 sedimentary sequences of northern Australia 4 5 George M. Gibson, Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 6 2601, Australia 7 Sally Edwards, Geological Survey of Queensland, Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, 8 Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia 9 Abstract 10 As host to several world-class sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits and unknown quantities of conventional and 11 unconventional gas, the variably inverted 1730-1640 Ma Calvert and 1640-1580 Ma Isa superbasins of 12 northern Australia have been the subject of numerous seismic reflection studies with a view to better 13 understanding basin architecture and fluid migration pathways. Strikingly similar structural architecture 14 has been reported from much younger inverted sedimentary basins considered prospective for oil and gas 15 elsewhere in the world. Such similarities suggest that the mineral and petroleum systems in Paleo- 16 Mesoproterozoic northern Australia may have spatially and temporally overlapped consistent with the 17 observation that basinal sequences hosting Pb-Zn mineralisation in northern Australia are bituminous or 18 abnormally enriched in hydrocarbons. This points to the possibility of a common tectonic driver and shared 19 fluid pathways. Sediment-hosted Pb-Zn mineralisation coeval with basin inversion first occurred during the 20 1650-1640 Ma Riversleigh Tectonic Event towards the close of the Calvert Superbasin with further pulses 21 accompanying the 1620-1580 Ma Isa Orogeny which brought about closure of the Isa Superbasin. -
Tectonic Inversion and Petroleum System Implications in the Rifts Of
Tectonic Inversion and Petroleum System Implications in the Rifts of Central Africa Marian Jenner Warren Jenner GeoConsulting, Suite 208, 1235 17th Ave SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2T 0C2 [email protected] Summary The rift system of western and central Africa (Fig. 1) provides an opportunity to explore a spectrum of relationships between initial tectonic extension and later compressional inversion. Several seismic interpretation examples provide excellent illustrations of the use of basic geometric principles to distinguish even slight inversion from original extensional “rollover” anticlines. Other examples illustrate how geometries traditionally interpreted as positive “flower” structures in areas of known transpression/ strike slip are revealed as inversion structures when examined critically. The examples also highlight the degree of compressional inversion as a function in part of the orientation of compressional stress with respect to original rift structures. Finally, much of the rift system contains recent or current hydrocarbon exploration and production, providing insights into the implications of inversion for hydrocarbon risk and prospectivity. Figure 1: Mesozoic-Tertiary rift systems of central and western Africa. Individual basins referred to in text: T-LC = Termit/ Lake Chad; LB = Logone Birni; BN = Benue Trough; BG = Bongor; DB = Doba; DS = Doseo; SL = Salamat; MG = Muglad; ML = Melut. CASZ = Central African Shear Zone (bold solid line). Bold dashed lines = inferred subsidiary shear zones. Red stars = Approximate locations of example sections shown in Figs. 2-5. Modified after Genik 1993 and Manga et al. 2001. Inversion setting and examples The Mesozoic-Tertiary rift system in Africa was developed primarily in the Early Cretaceous, during south Atlantic opening and regional NE-SW extension. -
Utah Geology: Making Utah's Geology More Accessible. View South-East
5/28/13 Utah Geology: Geologic Road Guides Utah Geology: Making Utah's geology more accessible. View south-east over St. George, Utah Road Guide Quick Select. Selection Map HW-160, 163 & 191 Tuba City to Kayenta, Bluff & Montecello, Utah (through Monument Valley) 0.0 Junction of U.S. Highways 160 and 89 , HW-160 Road Guide. follows U.S. Highway 160 east toward Tuba city and Kayenta. U.S. Highway 89 leads south toward the entrance to Grand Canyon National Park and Flagstaff. For a route description along U.S. Highway 89 northward from here see HW-89A Road Guide.. The road junction is in the Petrified Forest Member of the Chinle Formation. The member is composed of interbedded stream channel sandstone and varicolored shale and mudstone. This member erodes moderately easily and forms the strike valley to the north and south. From here the route of this guide leads upsection into younger and younger beds of the Chinle Formation. 0.7 Cross Hamblin Wash and rise from the Petrified Forest Member into the pinkish banded Owl Rock Member of the Chinle Formation. The upper member forms pronounced laminated pinkish gray and green badlands, distinctly unlike the rounded Painted Desert-type massive badlands of the underlying member. 1.6 Road rises up through the upper part of the Chinle Formation, a typical wavy to hummocky road. Highway construction is easy across the slope-forming parts of the formation, but holding the road after construction is difficult because the soft volcanic ash-bearing shales heave under load or after wetting and drying.