Larimer County, Colorado
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Consultants in Natural Resources and the Environment Cultural Resource Survey Upper Thompson Sanitation District New Wastewater Treatment Facility Preliminary Engineering Report and Funding Project Larimer County, Colorado Prepared for⎯ Upper Thompson Sanitation District 2196 Mall Road PO Box 568 Estes Park, Colorado 80517 Submitted to— U.S. Department of Agriculture Rural Development Colorado Office Denver Federal Center Building 56, Room 2300 Denver, Colorado 80225-0426 Prepared by⎯ ERO Resources Corporation 1842 Clarkson Street Denver, Colorado 80218 (303) 830-1188 Written by⎯ Katherine Mayo Prepared under the supervision of⎯ Jonathan Hedlund, Principal Investigator State Permit No. 2020-77455 SHPO Report ID LR.RD.R1 ERO Project No. 20-082 February 2021 For Official Use Only: Disclosure of site locations prohibited (43 CFR 7.18) Denver • Durango • Hotchkiss • Idaho www.eroresources.com OAHP1421 Colorado Historical Society - Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Cultural Resource Survey Management Information Form I. PROJECT SIZE Total federal acres in project 8.63 Total federal acres surveyed 8.63 Total state acres in project Total state acres surveyed Total private acres in project 12.23 Total private acres surveyed 12.23 Total other acres in project 3.38 Total other acres surveyed 3.38 II. PROJECT LOCATION County: Larimer USGS Quad Map: Glen Haven, CO and Panorama Peak, CO PrincipalMeridian: 6th Township 5N Range 72W Section 29 NW 1/4 of SW 1/4 Township 5N Range 72W Section 29 SE 1/4 of NW 1/4 Township 5N Range 72W Section 29 SW 1/4 of NW 1/4 Township 5N Range 72W Section 29 SW 1/4 of NE 1/4 Township 5N Range 72W Section 29 SE 1/4 of NE 1/4 Township 5N Range 72W Section 29 NE 1/4 of NE 1/4 Township 5N Range 72W Section 29 NW 1/4 of NE 1/4 III. SITES Resource Type Eligibility Management Recommendations Supporting LinearSupporting ArchivalResearch Contributes to aContributes to No Further Work No PreserveAvoid/ Non-supporting LinearSegment Paleontological Not Eligible Not Need DataNeed Prehistoric Unknown Excavate Segment Monitor Historic Eligible District Other Smithsonian Test Number 5LR4004.1 X X X X 5LR9454.6 X X X 5LR13357.2 X X X 5LR14835 X X X IV. ISOLATED FINDS Resource Type Paleontological Prehistoric Unknown Smithsonian Historic Number 5LR14836 X 5LR14837 X (Page 1 of 1) Cultural Resource Survey Upper Thompson Sanitation District New Wastewater Treatment Facility Preliminary Engineering Report and Funding Project Larimer County, Colorado Abstract On behalf of the Upper Thompson Sanitation District (UTSD), Mott MacDonald, LLC contracted ERO Resources Corporation (ERO) to conduct a cultural resource survey for UTSD’s proposed new Wastewater Treatment Facility (WWTF) Preliminary Engineering Report and Funding Project in Estes Park, Colorado. UTSD proposes to demolish the existing 1970s WWTF on U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) property and has acquired property for construction of a new WWTF and outfall to the Big Thompson River southeast of the Mall Road and State Highway 34 intersection. The project will also replace the existing Fish Creek Lift Station on USBR property as well as construct a new Thompson River Lift Station; a proposed alternative of which is also located on USBR property. UTSD seeks funding support from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Rural Development (RD) program and/or the Colorado Water Resources Power and Development Authority State Revolving Fund program. USDA RD programs require consideration of a project’s potential effects on cultural resources per Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) (54 United States Code § 300101 et seq.). The Nationwide Programmatic Agreement among the USDA RD, the National Conference of State Historic Preservation Officers, and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation for Sequencing Section 106 allows the USDA RD to delegate authority to their applicants and the applicant’s consultants (i.e., ERO) to coordinate directly with the Colorado State Historic Preservation Officer pursuant to 36 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) § 800.2(c)(4) and 7 CFR 1970.5(b)(2) as amended in 2018. ERO defined the area of potential effect (APE) as 24.24 acres to include the entire proposed project planning area and potential alternatives. ERO conducted a Class III pedestrian survey of the APE and documented six cultural resources in the APE: a segment of the Olympus Siphon (5LR4004.1), a segment of the Estes to Lyon TAP transmission line (5LR9454.6), a segment of the historic Big Thompson Canyon Road (5LR13357.2), a precontact open camp (5LR14835), and two isolated finds (5LR14836 and 5LR14837). ERO also excavated 33 shovel tests in landforms with potential for buried cultural deposits. ERO recommends 5LR14835 eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). ERO recommends segments 5LR4004.1, 5LR9454.6, and 5LR13357.2 as nonsupporting of the eligibility of their respective linear resources. The isolated finds are recommended not eligible for inclusion in the NRHP. No further work is recommended for all resources recommended not eligible or nonsupporting. Although 5LR14835 is recommended eligible for listing in the NRHP and is located in the APE, no development is proposed that would affect the site and the site will remain protected. ERO recommends that the site is fenced during construction to avoid inadvertent impacts. Because 5LR14835 will not be impacted by project activities, ERO proposes a determination of “no adverse effect to historic properties” pursuant to 36 CFR 800.5 of the NHPA. h:\marketing\materials\report templates 2016\report basic template 2019.dotx ERO Project No. 20-082 i ERO Resources Corporation Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................... i Project Description .................................................................................................................. 3 Natural Environment ............................................................................................................... 7 Cultural Overview .................................................................................................................... 8 Precontact Context .......................................................................................................................... 9 Paleoindian Era (12,000 to 7500 BP) ............................................................................................. 10 Archaic Era (ca. 7500 to 1900 BP) .................................................................................................. 11 Early Archaic Period (7500 to 5000 BP) ......................................................................................... 11 Middle Archaic Period (5000 to 3000 BP) ...................................................................................... 12 Late Archaic Period (3000 BP to AD 150) ....................................................................................... 13 Late Prehistoric Stage (AD 150 to 1540) ........................................................................................ 14 Early Ceramic Period (AD 150 to 1150) .......................................................................................... 14 Middle Ceramic Period (AD 1150 to 1540) ..................................................................................... 15 Contact Stage (AD 1540 to 1860) ................................................................................................... 17 Historical Context ........................................................................................................................... 18 Exploration ..................................................................................................................................... 18 Settlement ...................................................................................................................................... 19 Transportation: Roads ................................................................................................................... 20 Modernization of Colorado: Colorado-Big Thompson Project ....................................................... 21 Methods ................................................................................................................................ 22 Historic Property Identification ..................................................................................................... 22 Cultural Resource Documentation ................................................................................................. 23 Archaeological Sites ....................................................................................................................... 23 Historic Period Sites........................................................................................................................ 24 Evaluative and Exploratory Testing ............................................................................................... 25 Artifact Analysis ............................................................................................................................. 25 Debitage Analysis ........................................................................................................................... 25 Flaked Stone Analysis (modified flakes, bifaces, cores) ................................................................