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Stationen Stops / Bauhaus-universitäT / Märzgefallenen-­DENKMAL / Tempelherrenhaus / herausgegeben von der edited by the ANdere touren other tours

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Verein für Bildung e.V. Jakobstraße 10 Maria Pawlowna 99423 Weimar www.weimar-jena-akademie.de

ns in Weimar Konzept & Texte der ersten Ausgabe (2009): Concept & texts NS Architektur first edition (2009): NS architecture Sandra Starke Überarbeitung 2011: DDR GDR Beteiligte Institutionen Revised edition 2011: partner institutions Denkmal Monument Gestaltung: Design: Anke Heelemann Weimar 2011

Partner: Partners: ! Find out something about the Bauhaus in Weimar! aim

? How did the Bauhaus move- ment influence art, culture and politics?

? Think about what kind of impression the Art School students made on the citizens of Weimar! >> Have a look at the city map ! Later, tell the others about the and start your school of art and design! tour! Your first Think about why the Bauhaus stop is the main was forced to leave Weimar building of the in 1925! University.

bauhaus / 02 ?

>> Find out what tour stop this detail belongs to!

bauhaus / 03 Bauhaus University Main building Geschwister-Scholl-StraSSe 8 1

info The architect founded the Bauhaus in Weimar in 1919. He wanted to unite art and technology in the education of his students. That is why he hired both master craftsmen and visual artists to teach at this school. In order to ­complete their studies, the students had to pass the journeymen’s ­examination of the craftsmen’s chamber. The Bauhaus was forced to leave Weimar in 1925 for political reasons. However, it later achieved worldwide ­prominence as a school of design.

1919 1925 bauhaus / 04 Bauhaus University Main building Geschwister-Scholl-StraSSe 8 1

info This building was constructed to accommodate the art school that Grand Duke Carl Alexander had already founded in 1860. The architect was Henry van de Velde from Belgium, who was a modernist Art Nouveau designer at that time. Beginning in 1904, he planned the building to exactly suit the needs of an art school. The large atelier windows, for example, let in plenty of light for drawing. In 1919 the >> Bauhaus moved into this building. Search the It is worth paying attention to details buildings for like light switches and door handles. traces of Henry Today, these buildings belong to the van de Velde! UNESCO World Heritage.

1860 until bauhaus / 05 1915 Bauhaus University Main building Geschwister-Scholl-StraSSe 8 1 rchiv A Bauhaus-

Bauhaus survey on the 3 basic colours and forms, 1922/23

>> In the side staircase of the main building, look for Herbert Bayer’s murals dating from 1923. Compare them with the survey!

1923 bauhaus / 06 Bauhaus University Main building Geschwister-Scholl-StraSSe 8 1

1908–1915: Grand Ducal Saxon School of Applied Arts Weimar 1919–1925: Bauhaus Weimar 1930’s–1945: State College for Building, Visual Arts (and Craftsmanship) in Weimar

>> Match the logos with the dates. Think about what the logos reveal about the respective schools.

1908 until bauhaus / 07 1945 Bauhaus University Main building Geschwister-Scholl-StraSSe 8 1

info Behind the main building you will find a little detached house with a glass dome. It was originally built as an ate- lier, was then transformed into an infirmary kitchen during World War I, and was finally used as a “dining institution” by the Bauhaus students. Needy students received their food here for free. In return, a student “kitchen helper ser- vice” took turns tending the >> fire, shopping for supplies and washing dishes. Find out how the building is used today.

1919 until bauhaus / 08 1925 Central station Buchenwald

Memorial A.-Baudert- Friedrich-Ebert-Str. Platz Ernst-Thälmann-Straße Carl-August- yOUR STOPS: CITy 1 Bauhaus- MAP University Buchenwald- platz Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. Main building Allee

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- E b honour e rt -S Main Cemetery tr. Berkaer Straße 4 Weimarplatz

Friedensstraße

Jakobstr. 3 Tempelherrenhaus Friedensstraße Park on the Ilm Roll- platz 4 House “am Horn” rs J erbe tr. a GMarstallstr.

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l Erfurter Straße a t Marktstr. z Theater- i platz S c Markt h i lle Cavalier rs Platz der traße Demokratie House Frauen- plan Steubenstraße Monument for the Schubertstraße Wieland - “March Heroes” platz

Main Cemetery Berkaer StraSSe 4 Marienstraße Trierer Straße 2

Richard-Wagner-Str. Am Horn

A 3 . -P os ec Amalienstraße Park on Cranachstraße e ksc aß he Walk through tr n G the Ilm ts arte ld n the second o b G.-Scholl-Str.1 entrance gate of m u the Historischer H R.-Breitscheid-Str. 4 Friedhof (Histo- rical Cemetery). Ilm Belvederer Allee Follow the main path uphill along the outer ceme­ Historical Cemetery tery wall for about Berkaer Straße 10 minutes. 150 Humboldtstraße metres behind the chapel and the cemetery office, you will find the Märzgefallenen- Main Cemetery e aß tr Denkmal (Mon- S

2 r ument for the e a Belvedere k “March Heroes”). r Palace e B

1922 until bauhaus / 09 1936 Monument for the “March Heroes” Main Cemetery Berkaer StraSSe 4 2

info This monument is one of the first abstract monuments in Ger- many. It was erected in memory of the victims of the radical right-wing putsch against the democratic Weimar Republic that took place in 1920. It was designed by Walter Gropius, the director of the Bauhaus. He called the monument a “thunderbolt from the grave’s >> ground”. The National Socialists destroyed it in 1936; after World Look at the War II it was rebuilt. So even monument from today it stands for the ­diverse different angles. political forces in ­Weimar. Write down what you find notable.

1922 until bauhaus / 10 1936 Monument for the “March Heroes” Main Cemetery Berkaer StraSSe 4 2 bpk / H amburger Kunsthalle / E lke W alford

Caspar David Friedrich: >> Compare the form and material of Arctic Sea. Dashed Hopes, the monument with the . 1823/24 What forces of nature do you associate with the monument?

1922 bauhaus / 11 Monument for the “March Heroes” Main Cemetery Berkaer StraSSe 4 2

quote “As though struck by lightening, the German Republic was as- saulted by the reaction and for a short time suppressed by the power of fire. In a flash, the pro­letariat rose up in defence, and with it, all the republicans. These are two poles that Gropius masterfully and pointedly expres- ses. No lightening comes out of the earth – but not out of a clear blue sky either. [...] In a sharp- edged way, like the stones of the monument, the proletariat will fight against all those who threaten the republic.” DAS VOLK 4 April 1921

1921 bauhaus / 12 Monument for the “March Heroes” Main Cemetery Berkaer StraSSe 4 2

quote “There is no question that this sort of structure no longer fits into our present day [...]. On its own initiative and upon ­requests of the citizens, the National Socialist faction of the city council has been working >> on ways of getting rid of it. [...] We would like to offer a Compare the s­uggestion. The monument newspaper was built by the Bauhaus. How article with about having the National the text Socialist School of Visual Arts from 1921 re-design this area?” ( Card 12). What diffe- Newspaper article in the rences do THÜRINGISCHE STAATSZEITUNG, you notice? 1934

1934 bauhaus / 13 Monument for the “March Heroes” Main Cemetery Berkaer StraSSe 4 2

Alfred Ahner: Demolition of the Erika-Maria Ahner Monument for the “March Heroes” (secretly drawn sketch), 1936

1936 bauhaus / 14 tempelherrenhaus PARK ON THE ILM River 3

Building Nowadays the so-called Tempel­ herrenhaus (Templar House) is a ruin. It was named after the Knights Templar figures, ­whose remains can still be seen on the walls. The building was ­destroyed during World War II. Before that, it had served very diverse purposes: it was used as a concert hall, and in the ­19th century it served primarily as a salon for the ducal family. Finally, the Bauhaus moved in. The Bauhaus master had his atelier here and used it as a ­venue for spirited festivities.

1919 until bauhaus / 15 1923 TEMPELHERRENHAUS PARK ON THE ILM River 3

Johannes Itten in Bauhaus dress, around 1921

The Swiss artist and art pedagogue Itten taught at the Bauhaus from 1919 until 1923. As a fol- lower of a ­religious movement that combined several different teachings, he was met with scepticism on the part of the Weimar citizens. Bauhaus-Archiv Berlin

1919 until bauhaus / 16 1923 TEMPELHERRENHAUS PARK ON THE ILM River 3 Z entrum entrum P aul Klee, Bern Bern Klee, aul

Paul Klee: Garten-Plan Every day on his way to work the (Garden Plan) 1922 painter and Bauhaus master (water colour and ink on paper and cardboard) walked by the Templar House. His impressions of the Park on the Ilm River were the inspiration for many garden- and dream-landscapes.

1922 bauhaus / 17 House “am Horn” Am Horn 61 4

info The dazzlingly white “experi- mental house” was built for the Bauhaus exhibition in 1923. The plans are based on the principle that “form follows function”. The arrangement of the ­windows, for instance, results from the room layout. The Bauhaus master ­Georg Muche developed the design of the building. It was the subject of controversial public ­debate. Originally, a whole resi- dential estate of similar houses was to be built here. However, the Bauhaus was not able to ­realise this plan, since it had to move to two years later.

1923 bauhaus / 18 House “am Horn” Am Horn 61 4

quote “With its matter-of-fact bleakness the tiny residential house that has been built in Weimar resem- bles a well-solved mathematical problem. Around a large, cam- bered central room a couple of >> tiny chambers are distributed, the floor space of which – like a ship’s Compare the cabin – is used to its full potential. description with One has to pity those forced to the building and live in these narrow boxes; they the floor plan are dispossessed of every remnant ( Card 20). of personal living culture by a stiff How has the system of forms.” principle that “form follows Arno Müller Berliner Börsen Courir function” been (Stock Market Courier), 1924 implemented?

1924 bauhaus / 19 House “am Horn” Am Horn 61 4 Klassik Stiftung Stiftung Klassik

Bathroom Lady W eimar

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Dining Room living room

kitchen Hall guest room

pantry windscreen

Georg Muche Floor plan of the House am Horn, 1923

1923 bauhaus / 20 House “am Horn” Am Horn 61 4

Klassik Stiftung Weimar >> Compare the “House am Horn” with the way the other houses in Weimar looked at that time. Write down the similarities and differences.

1923 bauhaus / 21 House “am Horn” Am Horn 61 4 rchiv der Moderne A eimar, eimar, W niversität U Bauhaus-

Farkas Molnar: >> Walk through the residential Plan of the Bauhaus estate “New Living am Horn” residential estate “Am Horn” in Weimar, that was built beginning in 1999. 1922 Compare the plan from 1922 with your impressions! The residential estate is located behind the gardeners’ complex on Otto-Bartning-Straße.

1922 today bauhaus / 22 Main Station Buchenwald

A.-Baudert- F Memorial riedrich- Platz E C rnst- arl- City your stops: A

ugust- T E hälmann-Straße bert-Str. 1 Bauhaus- map University Buchenwald- platz Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. A

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l Erfurter Straße a t Marktstr. z Theater- i platz S c Markt h i lle Cavalier rs Platz der traße Demokratie House Frauen- plan Steubenstraße

Wieland­- agner-Str. Schubertstraße platz W

Marienstraße Trierer Straße ichard- R A 3 m A H .- orn Po s malienstraße ec Park on the Cranachstraße e ksc A aß he Ilm River tr n G ts arte ld n o b G.-Scholl-Str.1 m u H R .-Breitscheid-Str. 4 Ilm Belvederer

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