DOCSLIB.ORG

Flexo and Packaging.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Flexo and Packaging.Pdf Look around you—on store shelves, in your home—and you’re certain to see material that’s been printed by flexography. Though often taken for granted, packaging is everywhere, and so, too, is flexography; it prints candy wrappers, shopping bags, corrugated boxes, milk cartons, gift wrap, wallpaper, and many other goods and packages. Printing on packaging is essential to businesses around the world. In fact, graphics on packages provide some of the most important advertising for the products themselves. Flexography’s soft compressible plates, fast-drying inks, and its simple, efficient inking system make it possible for manufacturers to reproduce high-quality graphics on a wide variety of surfaces. Over the last decade, the use of the flexographic printing process has been growing approximately eight percent a year, a rate unparalleled by any other printing technology. Although some of this growth can be attributed to a greater need for packaging, flexography is increasingly used in markets traditionally served by gravure and offset lithography. Since advances in technology have significantly improved flexography’s ability to print accurate type, color, and halftone images, manufacturers and print buyers are recognizing flexography as a high-quality, economical alternative to gravure and lithographic printing. This booklet describes the flexographic printing process from start to finish, including design, color, and prepress considerations. Understanding the requirements of flexography helps ensure that designs will look their best, and will aid in the communication between print buyers, in-house prepress departments, service bureaus, and printers. 2 Flexographic Markets 4 Traditional Printing Processes Contents 6 Flexographic Technology 8 Flexographic Plates 9 Plate Elongation & Distortion 10 Substrates 11 Color Capabilities 12 Trapping 13 Type 14 Color Management 15 Dot Gain 16 Halftones & Screening 18 Step-and-Repeat & Die-Cutting 19 Prepress Output 20 Proofing 21 Prepress Checklist & The Press Check 22 Glossary & Index The terms printed in red throughout this guide can also be found in the glossary. 1 The use of flexography is grow- Market Categories ing in popularity in today’s The use of the flexographic process has continued to grow in all packaging markets, printing markets, where short including those that have traditionally used gravure and lithographic methods. run, low-cost, and high-quality Corrugated are crucial to success. A look at By far the largest market for flexography, the development of flexography reveals corrugated is printed on sheet-fed presses. a printing technology and culture that Fast drying water-based inks, the soft, conforming plate, and light impression has been willing and capable of change pressure make flexography well suited for in response to the needs of the packag- printing corrugated boxes in large quantities. ing industry. An evolutionary process of improvements in materials and Flexographic Markets Flexographic equipment, rather than a single discov- Flexible Packaging ery, has led to flexography as it is Most flexible packaging uses non-absorbent known today. polymer film, including bread bags, snack food bags, candy wrappers, pouches, and textile wrap. The first use of soft compressible plates can be traced back to the late 1880s, when letterpress printers needed to find a way to print kraft paper grocery bags and corrugated boxes. The materials Gift Wrap and Wallpaper were rough in texture, and did not A continuous repeat allows the printing of respond well to the ink transfer pressure products such as wallpaper and gift wrap. of hard letterpress plates. To solve the Design rolls, which do not have a plate seam, are used to print a continuous back- problem, printers began creating plates ground color. from rubber, rather than from wood or lead. This quickly became the dominant method for printing corrugated, and Folding Cartons also grew steadily in the bag printing Although folding cartons, including cereal, industry. In 1914, the Interstate Com- detergent, and cosmetic boxes, are printed merce Commission approved the corru- by both the lithographic and gravure pro- cesses, flexography has recently increased gated box as a shipping container, a its market share due to improved quality. decision that began a new growth period for flexography. Clear Packaging In the early-to-mid 1920’s, flexographic Rigid Paper Boxes printers responded quickly to the intro- Rigid paper boxes, or pre-formed boxes duction of cellophane as a clear packag- are used for bakery products, shoes, and neckties. ing material. White inks were developed, drying systems were improved for cello- phane’s non-absorbent surface, and press tension systems were refined to handle Envelopes its caliper and weight. Approximately Flexography is used to print many kinds ten years later, polyethylene was intro- of envelopes, including those for direct duced, and went on to become the most mail, sweepstakes, general mailing, and overnight delivery. The security printing commonly used material for clear, flexi- on the inside of many envelopes is often ble packaging. applied by flexography. 2 Origins of the Name Originally, flexography was known as aniline printing, a name taken from Paper Grocery Bags the aniline dyes used as colorants for The paper bag is the original flexographic product. In the late 1800’s flexography the ink. Aniline dyes, however, were evolved from the need to apply graphics considered toxic and eventually banned to plain brown grocery sacks. The evolution continues today. for use on food packaging. New inks were developed as replacements, but the name remained until 1951, when Franklin Moss, a leader in package Plastic Carrier Bags printing, started a campaign to change Flexography can add advertising and it. He asked aniline printers and suppliers graphics to plastic bags that are carried for suggestions, receiving over two by customers in stores. hundred. Of those, three finalists were selected: permatone process, rotopake process, and flexography. After a vote, the process came to be known as flexog- raphy in 1952. Milk Cartons Approximately 90% of all milk cartons In the United States, the Clean Air Act are printed using flexography. of 1980 began a development in flexog- raphy toward environmentally friendly printing using low-solvent and no-solvent inks. Today, flexography is often chosen because of the ability to print with clean water based or solventless ultraviolet inks. Newspapers In the United States alone there are Today the process continues to adapt. between 35 and 40 newspapers using the flexographic printing process for the As the technology is refined, quality entire paper. Many newspapers use flex- continues to increase, making flexogra- ography to print the Sunday comics. phy the leader in packaging graphics applications. Tags and Labels The fast drying fluid inks used by flexogra- phers allow inline die cutting immediately after printing. The quality of many flexo- graphic labels is equal to or better than that offered by lithography or gravure. Pre-printed Linerboard Pre-printing linerboard allows high-quality graphics to be placed on corrugated containers. 3 The three most widely used Offset Lithography printing processes in use today are offset lithography, gravure, and flexography. Printing presses for each method differ primarily in design of the image carrier or printing plate, the ink, and the ink delivery system to the printing plate. Offset Lithography Widely used in the publication indus- try, offset lithography presses print magazines, catalogs, and daily newspa- pers, as well as annual reports, advertising, and art reproduction. Offset lithography Traditional Printing Processes Printing Traditional can also print paper-based packaging, such as cartons, labels, and bags. Gravure Offset lithography is a planographic process, meaning that the printing plate holds both the image and non-image areas on one flat surface or plane. On most offset presses, image areas on the plate are chemically treated to attract the lithographic paste ink, while a fountain solution or ink repellent chemical treatment protects non-image areas from inking. From the plate, the image is first transferred to a blanket (hence the term offset), and then to the paper or other material, known as the substrate. To dry, most lithographic inks require a certain period of time or an application of heat. Flexography Gravure The gravure method, sometimes known as roto-gravure, is used on a wide vari- ety of substrates, including vinyl floor- ing, woodgrain desktops, and paneling. It is the second most often used process in Europe and the Far East, and the third in the United States. Gravure is used to print high-volume products such as packaging, magazines and the advertising inserts found in newspapers. In addition, offset versions of gravure presses are used to print labels or logos 4 Traditional Printing Processes on medicine capsules and the “M” on M&M® candy. Offset Gravure Flexography Lithography Gravure is an intaglio process, in which the image area is recessed below the level of the non-image areas. The image Typical Magazines, Magazines & Newspapers, Uses newspapers, catalogs, Sunday phone directories, is etched or engraved in a cell format advertising pieces, supplements, candy corrugated onto a copper plate or copper-plated annual reports, cereal wrappers, cereal containers, bread boxes, bags, tags & boxes, snack food bags, cereal boxes, cylinder. By varying the size and depth labels bags, vinyl flooring milk cartons, gift of each cell,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Printing Technology (Offset, Flexo, Gravure, Screen, Digital, 3D Printing)
    Printing Technology (Offset, Flexo, Gravure, Screen, Digital, 3D Printing) (Noncontact Printing ,Commercial Printing, Gravure Printing, Letterpress Printing, Offset Printing, Screen Printing, Offset Lithography, Lanography ,Flexography, Rotogravure, Digital Printing,3D Printing, 3D Printing Machinery, Blanket Cylinder, Plate Cylinder, Impression Cylinder, Web Offset Machines, printing press) Introduction Printing is a process of producing copies of text and pictures. Modern technology is radically changing the way publications are printed, inventoried and distributed. There are a wide variety of technologies that are used to print stuff. The main industrial printing processes are: Offset Lithography, Flexography, Digital Printing (Inkjet & Xerography), Gravure, Screen Printing. 3D printing which is also referred as additive printing technology that enables manufacturers to develop objects using a digital file and variety www.entrepreneurindia.co of printing materials. Global market for 3D printing material includes polymers, metals and ceramics. In addition, 3D printing offers a wide array of applications in various industries, namely consumer products, industrial products, defense & aerospace, automotive, healthcare, education & research and others. In India, the market for printing technology is at its nascent stage however offers huge growth opportunities in the coming years. Digital printing is now taking much more share, particularly in graphics (i.e. non- packaging applications). www.entrepreneurindia.co Digital's share of the whole market doubles in constant value terms from 9.5% to 19.7% and 3D printing market is estimated to garner $8.6 billion in coming years. The print technology in use is also changing. Digital printing is now taking much more share, particularly in graphics (i.e. non-packaging applications). Digital's share of the whole market doubles in constant value terms from 9.5% in 2008 to 19.7% by 2018, when packaging is excluded this share is 23.5% in 2012 to 38.1% by 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Other Printing Methods
    FLEXO vs. OTHER PRINTING METHODS Web: www.luminite.com Phone: 888-545-2270 As the printing industry moves forward into 2020 and beyond, let’s take a fresh look at the technology available, how flexo has changed to meet consumer demand, and how 5 other popular printing methods compare. CONTENTS ● A History of Flexo Printing ● How Flexo Printing Works ● How Litho Printing Works ● How Digital Printing Works ● How Gravure Printing Works ● How Offset Printing Works ● What is Screen Printing? ● Corrugated Printing Considerations ● Flexo Hybrid Presses ● Ready to Get Started with Flexo? 2 A History of Flexo Printing The basic process of flexography dates back to the late 19th century. It was not nearly as refined, precise, or versatile as the flexo process today -- and can be best described as a high-tech method of rubber stamping. Printing capabilities were limited to very basic materials and designs, with other printing methods greatly outshining flexo. Over the past few decades flexo technology has continuously evolved. This is largely thanks to the integration of Direct Laser Engraving technology, advancements in image carrier materials, and in press technologies. These innovations, among others, have led to increased quality and precision in flexo products. These technological improvements have positioned flexography at the helm of consumer product and flexible packaging printing. Flexo is growing in popularity in a variety of other industries, too, including medical and pharmaceutical; school, home, and office products; and even publishing. How Flexo Printing Works Flexo typically utilizes an elastomer or polymer image carrier such as sleeves, cylinders, and plates. The image carrier is engraved or imaged to create the design for the final desired product.
    [Show full text]
  • Aspects of Flexographic Print Quality and Relationship to Some Printing Parameters
    Faculty of Technology and Science Chemical Engineering Johanna Johnson Aspects of Flexographic Print Quality and Relationship to some Printing Parameters DISSERTATION Karlstad University Studies 2008:28 Johanna Johnson Aspects of Flexographic Print Quality and Relationship to some Printing Parameters Karlstad University Studies 2008:28 Johanna Johnson. Aspects of Flexographic Print Quality and Relationship to some Printing Parameters DISSERTATION Karlstad University Studies 2008:28 ISSN 1403-8099 ISBN 978-91-7063-187-0 © The Author Distribution: Faculty of Technology and Science Chemical Engineering 651 88 Karlstad 054-700 10 00 www.kau.se Printed at: Universitetstryckeriet, Karlstad 2008 Abstract Flexographic printing is a common printing method in the packaging field. The printing method is characterized primarily by the flexible printing plate and the low viscosity inks which make it suitable for use on almost any substrate. The object of this study was to obtain further knowledge of some important mechanisms of flexographic printing and how they influence the print quality. The thesis deals with printing primarily on board and liner but also on newsprint with water-borne ink using a full- scale flexographic central impression (CI) printing press. Several printing trials have been performed with a focus on the chemical interaction between the ink and substrate and the physical contact between the ink- covered printing plate and the substrate. Multicolour printing exposes the substrate to water from the water- containing ink. The emphasis was to investigate the relation between print quality and water-uptake of the paper surface with heat and water. Printing trials was carried out on substrates possessing a hydrophobic, and also a rather hydrophilic surface using a regular commercial water-borne ink.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Printing Technologies
    Edited with the trial version of Foxit Advanced PDF Editor To remove this notice, visit: www.foxitsoftware.com/shopping Introduction to Printing Technologies Study Material for Students : Introduction to Printing Technologies CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN MEDIA WORLD Mass communication and Journalism is institutionalized and source specific. Itfunctions through well-organized professionals and has an ever increasing interlace. Mass media has a global availability and it has converted the whole world in to a global village. A qualified journalism professional can take up a job of educating, entertaining, informing, persuading, interpreting, and guiding. Working in print media offers the opportunities to be a news reporter, news presenter, an editor, a feature writer, a photojournalist, etc. Electronic media offers great opportunities of being a news reporter, news editor, newsreader, programme host, interviewer, cameraman,Edited with theproducer, trial version of Foxit Advanced PDF Editor director, etc. To remove this notice, visit: www.foxitsoftware.com/shopping Other titles of Mass Communication and Journalism professionals are script writer, production assistant, technical director, floor manager, lighting director, scenic director, coordinator, creative director, advertiser, media planner, media consultant, public relation officer, counselor, front office executive, event manager and others. 2 : Introduction to Printing Technologies INTRODUCTION The book introduces the students to fundamentals of printing. Today printing technology is a part of our everyday life. It is all around us. T h e history and origin of printing technology are also discussed in the book. Students of mass communication will also learn about t h e different types of printing and typography in this book. The book will also make a comparison between Traditional Printing Vs Modern Typography.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary of Flexographic Printing Terms
    GLOSSARY OF FLEXOGRAPHIC PRINTING TERMS AA: Authors Alterations, changes other than corrections, made by a client after the proofing process has begun. AA's are usually charged to a client as billable time. Abrasion: Process of wearing away the surface of a material by friction. Abrasion marks: Marks on a photographic print or film appearing as streaks or scratches, caused by the condition of the developer. Can be partially removed by swabbing with alcohol. Abrasion resistance: Ability to withstand the effects of repeated rubbing and scuffing. Also called scuff or rub resistance. Abrasion test: A test designed to determine the ability to withstand the effects of rubbing and scuffing. Abrasiveness: That property of a substance that causes it to wear or scratch other surfaces. Absorption: In paper, the property which causes it to take up liquids or vapors in contact with it. In optics, the partial suppression of light through a transparent or translucent material. Acceptance sampling or inspection: The evaluation of a definite lot of material or product that is already in existence to determine its acceptability within quality standards. Accelerate: In flexographic printing, as by the addition of a faster drying solvent or by increasing the temperature or volume of hot air applied to the printed surface. Electrical - To speed rewind shafts during flying splices, and in taking up web slackness. Accordion Fold: Bindery term, two or more parallel folds which open like an accordion. Acetone: A very active solvent used in packaging gravure inks; the fastest drying solvent in the ketone family. Activator: A chemistry used on exposed photographic paper or film emulsion to develop the image.
    [Show full text]
  • Color Tool Guideline and Printing Basics
    Color Tool Guideline Color Tool Guideline and Printing Basics Hewlett-Packard Company - Corporate Packaging Program July 20, 2000 Palo Alto, California (650) 857-7482 Page: 1 of 48 Color Tool Guideline Contents 1. Introduction 2. HP Color Tool and How to use it 3. Printing basics 3.1 Understanding color 3.1.1 Color Theories 3.1.2 Attributes of Color 3.1.3 Measuring color 3.2 Communication of color 3.2.1 Inks 3.2.2 Substrate 3.2.3 Color Values 3.2.3.1 CIE XYZ 3.2.3.2 CIE L*a*b* 3.2.3.3 CIE L*C*H* 3.2.4 Color Tolerance 3.2.4.1 L*a*b* Color Tolerance ( E) 3.2.4.2 E CMC 3.2.5 Lighting sources and Viewing condition 3.2.6 Instruments 4. Graphics development and Printing 4.1 Design development 4.2 Proofing 4.3 Printing 4.3.1 Prepress 4.3.2 Spot and process color printing 4.3.3 Lithography 4.3.4 Flexography 4.3.5 Rotogravure 4.3.6 Letter press 4.3.7 Screen Printing 5. Glossary 6. References Hewlett-Packard Company - Corporate Packaging Program July 20, 2000 Palo Alto, California (650) 857-7482 Page: 2 of 48 Color Tool Guideline 1. Introduction The HP Color Tool is an objective method of measuring color to achieve color consistency. Using this tool, color can be numerically communicated, and uniformity in color shades can be achieved with vendors at different locations in different cities, states and countries. Color of an object is the interaction of that object with the energy from a light source.
    [Show full text]
  • Flexible Packaging Printing Processes Overview Slide 2 2009 Consumer Packaging Solutions for Barrier Performance Course
    2009 Consumer Packaging Solutions for Barrier Performance Course FlexibleFlexible PackagingPackaging PrintingPrinting ProcessesProcesses OverviewOverview Presented by: Warren E. Durling Associate Research Fellow The Clorox Company (GLAD) 2009 Consumer Packaging Solutions For Barrier Performance Course Flexible Packaging Printing Processes Overview Slide 2 2009 Consumer Packaging Solutions For Barrier Performance Course The Basics of Flexible Packaging Printing DEFINITION: Applying ink to a substrate to produce an image or text PRINTING METHODS: Flexography and Rotogravure the two most widely utilized methods for Flexible Packaging FOCUS: Design to Substrate; the “process” described Structures and Print location Understanding Ink Substrate Surface Preparation Methods and Equipment in detail Reproduction Basics; line and process printing Flexible Packaging Printing Processes Overview Slide 3 2009 Consumer Packaging Solutions For Barrier Performance Course Design to Substrate Preproduction Design Creation Ink Management Substrate Image Preparation Color Separation Management Press Make Ready Cylinder or Plate Making Press Cleaning and Maintenance PrintingPrinting Converting Flexible Packaging Printing Processes Overview Slide 4 2009 Consumer Packaging Solutions For Barrier Performance Course SURFACE Printing Flexible Packaging Printing Processes Overview Slide 5 2009 Consumer Packaging Solutions For Barrier Performance Course REVERSE Printing 2 Layer Structures Flexible Packaging Printing Processes Overview Slide 6 2009 Consumer Packaging
    [Show full text]
  • Electrical Equipment; Parts Thereof; Sound Recorders and Reproducers, Television Image and Sound Recorders and Reproducers, and Parts and Accessories of Such Articles
    SECTION-XVI 692 CHAPTER-84 SECTION XVI MACHINERY AND MECHANICAL APPLIANCES; ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT; PARTS THEREOF; SOUND RECORDERS AND REPRODUCERS, TELEVISION IMAGE AND SOUND RECORDERS AND REPRODUCERS, AND PARTS AND ACCESSORIES OF SUCH ARTICLES NOTES : 1. This Section does not cover : (a) transmission or conveyor belts or belting, of plastics of Chapter 39, or of vulcanised rubber (heading 4010), or other articles of a kind used in machinery or mechanical or electrical appliances or for other technical uses, of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber (heading 4016); (b) articles of leather or of composition leather (heading 4205) or of furskin (heading 4303), of a kind used in machinery or mechanical appliances or for other technical uses; (c) bobbins, spools, cops, cones, cores, reels or similar supports, of any material (for example, Chapter 39, 40, 44 or 48 or Section XV); (d) perforated cards for Jacquard or similar machines (for example, Chapter 39 or 48 or Section XV); (e) transmission or conveyor belts or belting of textile material ( heading 5910) or other articles of textile material for technical uses (heading 5911); (f) precious or semi-precious stones (natural, synthetic or reconstructed) of headings 7102 to 7104, or articles wholly of such stones of heading 7116 except unmounted worked sapphires and diamonds for styli (heading 8522); (g) parts of general use, as defined in Note 2 to Section XV, of base metal (Section XV), or similar goods of plastics (Chapter 39); (h) drill pipe (heading 7304); (ij) endless belts of metal wire
    [Show full text]
  • Printing Press Operations
    Property Risk Consulting Guidelines PRC.17.18.1 A Publication of AXA XL Risk Consulting PRINTING PRESS OPERATIONS INTRODUCTION Printing has progressed from the Gutenberg press, which required three minutes per impression, to today’s multicolor, two-sided, continuous presses that operate well in excess of 2000 ft/min (610 m/min). There are four major printing processes: lithography, letterpress, gravure and silk-screening. A lithography offset press prints from a level or plane surface; a letterpress prints from a raised surface; a gravure press prints from a depressed or sunken surface; and silk-screening prints by pushing ink through fabric. From the 6th Annual Report to the Congress of the United States: Printing Industry report, Figure 1 shows 1994 industry market share. PROCESSES AND HAZARDS The hazards of printing presses include the transfer and use of flammable inks; solvent recovery and pollution control devices; hydraulic and lubrication oil systems; gas or oil-fired dryers; electrostatic buildup from high press speeds; paper dust; and paper storage near presses. This section discusses common printing processes and their hazards. Loss prevention and control guidelines address construction features, flammable and combustible liquids handling, protection of the press area, electrical features, drying, and the disposal of solvent vapors. 50 47 45 40 35 30 28 25 19 20 Percent (%) Percent 15 10 5 3 3 0 Lithographic Letterpress Gravure Silk-screen Other Figure 1. Market share by process. 100 Constitution Plaza, Hartford, Connecticut 06103 Copyright 2020, AXA XL Risk Consulting Global Asset Protection Services, LLC, AXA Matrix Risk Consultants S.A. and their affiliates (“AXA XL Risk Consulting”) provide loss prevention and risk assessment reports and other risk consulting services, as requested.
    [Show full text]
  • Laser Printer - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    Laser printer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en. rvi kipedia.org/r,vi ki/Laser_pri nter Laser printer From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A laser printer is a common type of computer printer that rapidly produces high quality text and graphics on plain paper. As with digital photocopiers and multifunction printers (MFPs), Iaser printers employ a xerographic printing process but differ from analog photocopiers in that the image is produced by the direct scanning of a laser beam across the printer's photoreceptor. Overview A laser beam projects an image of the page to be printed onto an electrically charged rotating drum coated with selenium. Photoconductivity removes charge from the areas exposed to light. Dry ink (toner) particles are then electrostatically picked up by the drum's charged areas. The drum then prints the image onto paper by direct contact and heat, which fuses the ink to the paper. HP I-aserJet 4200 series printer Laser printers have many significant advantages over other types of printers. Unlike impact printers, laser printer speed can vary widely, and depends on many factors, including the graphic intensity of the job being processed. The fastest models can print over 200 monochrome pages per minute (12,000 pages per hour). The fastest color laser printers can print over 100 pages per minute (6000 pages per hour). Very high-speed laser printers are used for mass mailings of personalized documents, such as credit card or utility bills, and are competing with lithography in some commercial applications. The cost of this technology depends on a combination of factors, including the cost of paper, toner, and infrequent HP LaserJet printer drum replacement, as well as the replacement of other 1200 consumables such as the fuser assembly and transfer assembly.
    [Show full text]
  • Outlook for Technology and Manpower in Printing and Publishing
    L l . 3 ! Outlook n i f for Technology and Manpower in Printing and Publishing Bulletin 1774 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of Labor Statistics 1973 Dayton & Montgomery Ce. Public Library S E P 5 1973 am AAHj Bk Del ame un Elk Tokyo rnt 80 wf o if 6^4 BM toi B k rntW Tr rntW un fla Glass ask Rob 1/4 18 fla Mng s«£r Ale ila Roo •,tpnk Br ass Fin! ;5( 7 - "M Steak $hk assetf f 28 ’2 m 2 ayls Mk 15 '■> 16 Itrl font ^ayiy Cp [ I j w i a m \ V 8 I in * 9 I0G Beacn Ph 6 ojm tJom o a C its Reehv M 8 / V ■Goffil Gr ' i la w San 16 m k Beeline F ijorest 0 m : ; g * N 3ektn Co ▼ rm iq h ?Js ch . Bently Lb Forum R y ra tv erk Bio Fost Grnt JHp.' f erklin Fotomat est Prd Frnkln El SmTeC etz Lab Franz Br Sunset rW Bev Car, £rasr Mt Sunsb Sir le v M q t rn red HeJ SupDIr St 's buper El Fup EquH Orm Mtge As inc m m ice Mtgl Wsn sppfrsih hia Kid risfhs R AAtg W wt l ® 5 . flPWrFfa Bn Id Sc roze F«H *T 14 MtaTr wt Synfwh " , 4 fstlntl Bk Son ullr 10 I 6 1/a 17 Vi Mostek Syr China £ MlstN Cinn Chip undg Sy 10 4»'? Motion In ? P a 22 Va Sys Cap 8 J/4 1st Mary! Evan 75 unk Sd 251 19i a Mot Club Szabo Fd IstNH Gd n Inc urrs Caf 37 14^4 Moxie In ?‘4 TDA Ind P4 1st OklaB Aire a inf h Nw AH a len id In $ Crf 191 a> 22 \r Rt? ks I Pd !Brks $< a Bro hd 13 1 Bwn * *■ * Bnwmr*; Brunos u% B uckb v Buckey* Bldg3idg ;>v* r Bldrsk r o o s s v wsir* k ,i Ricks3 u tn ?.»»»v.l ki*Ti-> to HuFet M f '/a 10V 72 177/ 001/ Swesl StaSt Ienn Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St.
    [Show full text]
  • Key Concepts, Methods, and Principles of Print Production
    pre- press print prod- uction Key concepts, methods, and principles of print production II | prepress prepress prepress color 2 table of additive color 2 subtractive color 2 cmyk 3 rich black 3 rgb 3 spot color 4 process color 4 stochastic printing 4 halftone 5 duotone 5 color gamut 6 screen angle 6 prepress 7 trapping 7 dot gain 7 knockout 8 overprinting 8 imposition 8 readers spread vs. printers spread 9 trim size & bleed size 9 nesting 9 print 10 contents xerography 10 offset printing 10 ink jet printing 10 presses & methods 10 letterpress 11 screen printing 11 rotogravure printing 11 flexography 11 finishing & binding 12 varnishing 12 foiling 12 embossing 13 folding dummy 13 die cutting 13 signatures 13 page creep 14 saddle stitch 14 perfect bound 14 spiral bound 14 paper 15 A 15 B 15 color SUBTRACTIVE COLOR When we mix colors in the real world and not on screen, like when we mix paints, or through the process of printing we are using what is known as the subtractive color method. Meaning as we mix colors, that would usually start in white, we end up moving towards black as we add more and more colors. ADDITIVE COLOR Additive color is the method that is used on screens when we are playing in pro- grams like Adobe Illustrator. The colors on the screen are made of light. This process starts with black and then go whiter as we add color. For example, when we code a website the hexadecimal value of white is #ffffff, meaning full color value, more on that later.
    [Show full text]