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SPECIAL FEATURE Water & Sanitation LUXDEVANNUAL REPORT 2011 SPECIAL FEATURE Water & Sanitation CONTENTS ANNUAL REPORT 2011 A word from the President/Director 05 Special Feature 08 Water and Sanitation Photo Report 32 Projects 40 Summary of funds used in partner countries 123 100 days in the Field 125 Laura Jungers 126 Lena van den Kerchove 128 Marie-Blanche Valenne 130 Yannick Baraquin 132 Finances 134 EDITORIAL a word from the president and the director Small is beautiful! sised in the Tunis Consensus (2010) for an African vision of development, the challenge consists of "building capa- LuxDev has always considered its modest size and the ble states, since. [...] Africa needs effective states capable quality of its management as assets in retaining and of delivering development results [...] and stronger public developing its operational capacities, which are built administrations. The commitment made by development on the basis of professionalism, responsiveness, prox- agencies in Paris and Accra to using and strengthening imity and flexibility. This rigour and adaptability were country systems for aid delivery is important to achiev- rewarded in 2005 with ISO 9001 certification. ing that goal, and we call on development agencies to It is not enough nowadays to be good managers or reli- accelerate progress on this unfinished agenda. They able auditors. The international community, and in par- should use country systems as the default position. How- ticular our partners in Luxembourg Development Coop- ever, capacity-building needs to extend well beyond the eration's nine privileged partner countries, expect a lot fiduciary protection of aid flows." more of us than that! They want us to play a substantial role in assisting the reforms needed to meet the chal- Small and global! lenges of poverty reduction and inclusive, sustained and LuxDev must remain a reliable operational actor in the sustainable development. global context which in 2011 produced the Busan Part- Small has to be effective! nership for Effective Development Cooperation. However, LuxDev, in safeguarding its identity, values and assets, Results in the field of development aid cannot be meas- cannot play this role in isolation. After presiding over the ured in terms of immediate products such as, for exam- Train4Dev network (www.train4dev.net) in 2010-2011, ple, the number of schools built or clinics equipped. From our Agency was asked by the Practitioners' Network for now on, our effectiveness must be measured in terms European Development Cooperation (www.dev-practi- of our capacity to intervene in complex situations, our tioners.eu) to take the presidency of the network again ability to strengthen the competent institutions and give in 2011-2012. These networks not only strengthen our them the means to successfully carry out the changes operational capacity by linking sector-based partnerships which enable them to achieve their objectives. As empha- in the various countries but also give us an ideal frame- 5 EDITORIAL work for joint learning and forward planning. During its presidency of the Practitioners' Network, LuxDev carried out a research project entitled "Translating Busan and the EU Agenda into practice: emerging trends and opera- tional challenges", the results of which are very useful for LuxDev, since in 2012 we will be redefining our "Vision 2020" strategic framework against a background of pro- found changes in development cooperation. Responsibilities As emphasised by our peers of the OECD Development Assistance Committee during their recent peer review mission in Luxembourg, it is essential that we are able to anticipate the future requirements of development coop- eration. Alongside the Millenium Development Goals, the focus from now on will also be on sustainable growth and global assets such as climate change, security, con- trol of pandemics, universal access to water and energy. Our special feature on water and sanitation gives exam- ples of our interventions in this sector. It highlights the progression of our work and the sustainable results we achieve when we are able to analyse the sector-based challenges and strengthen key institutions. In this sec- tor, as in the others, LuxDev is effective if it is capable of setting clear goals, linking strategic partnerships and adopting a mix of adequate approaches. So we fear not - the world certainly is full of uncertain- ties but there are just as many opportunities to put our expertise to work! Gaston SCHWARTZ Jeannot WARINGO Managing Director Chairman of the Board of Directors 6 Water SPECIAL FEATURE MARC RIEHL Sanitation& Water for all at any price? The average American household On 28 July 2010, the General Assem- to water is simply a basic need have 3 consumes nearly 480 m of water bly of the United Nations adopted a suffered a setback. This is an impor- annually. Residents of Washington DC resolution in which it recognised the tant step towards the recognition of pay around 290 EUR (0.60 EUR per "right to safe and clean clean water water as a common resource. 3 m ) for this amount of water. To buy and sanitation as a fundamental right the same amount of water in a slum that is essential for the full enjoyment However, is this step forward at in Guatemala City it would cost you of life and all human rights". This res- the international level being trans- over 1,400 EUR. olution called upon states and inter- lated into effective progress on the The situation in Lima (Peru) is typi- national organisations to "provide ground? Do the poorest populations cal: a poor family pays 3 USD per m3 financial resources, capacity-building really have access to safe and clean to a water-seller, i.e. over 20 times and technology transfer, through clean water and sanitation and, if so, more than the price of water sup- international assistance and coopera- under what conditions? tion, in particular to developing coun- plied to a middle-class family through Water, a common resource that is tries". The aim is to «scale up efforts its mains water connection. The poor not accessible to everyone family consumes six times less water to provide safe, clean, accessible and than the middle-class family but its affordable clean water and sanitation Access to safe clean water and monthly water bill is three times for all2. sanitation is one of the Millennium higher than that of a family con- Development Goals (MDG) (target nected to the mains. For the first time, the right to safe 7C). Between 1990 and 2010 sig- clean water is explicitly mentioned nificant progress was recorded: two In Abidjan (Ivory Coast), poor people in an international text. The right to billion people have gained access pay five times as much as people con- water thus becomes one of the fun- to improved clean water sources3 nected to the mains; in Cali (Colom- damental human rights on the same The 2012 UNICEF and World Health bia) and Tunis (Tunisia), they pay 10 footing as the right to life, the right to Organization (WHO) update on the times as much; in Nairobi and Lagos, health, the right to good quality food progress towards achieving the MDG 11 times as much; in Lima, 17 times and to adequate accommodation. on clean water and sanitation indi- as much; in Guayaquil (Ecuador), 20 Those who regard access to water as cates that the target for clean water, times as much; in Dhaka (Bangla- a financial and social right (i.e. subject to gain 89% coverage globally, was desh), 25 times as much and in Cairo, to market forces) or for whom access achieved in 2010, five years ahead of 40 times as much1. 2 UN News Centre, "General Assembly declares access 3 UNICEF and World Health Organization, Progress on to clean water and sanitation is a human right", New Drinking Water and Sanitation : 2012 Update, New 1 Source : www.waternunc.com/fr/banqmd01.htm York, 28 July 2010 York, 2012 8 SPECIAL FEATURE MDG n°7 schedule. However, this success con- coverage for clean water, this target ceals major disparities, since 780 mil- seems to be out of reach for other lion people still have no access to safe regions. In fact, Oceania and sub-Saha- clean water. ran Africa have the lowest coverage Millenium Develop- rates for clean water: scarcely 54% and Geographical divergences 61% of their population have access to ment Goal n° 7 : Although several geographical an improved source and large parts of regions, such as Latin America and their population still have to use sur- Ensure environmen- the Caribbean, North Africa, Eastern face water such as watercourses, lakes tal sustainability Asia, Southern Asia, Western Asia and or backwaters as their water supply Southeast Asia have already achieved (13% in sub-Saharan Africa and 31% in or exceeded the global target of 89% Oceania). Target 7C : Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population Table 1 : Proportion of the population with access to safe clean water in 2010 without sustainable access to (as a percentage)4 safe clean water and basic san- Access to an itation. improved Geographical area No access MDG 2015* clean water Definitions : source Latin America and the Caribbean 94 6 7 • Improved sources of water supply consist of: piped con- North Africa 92 8 7 nections to a dwelling, plot Eastern Asia 91 9 15 or yard, standpipes and Southern Asia 90 10 12 public taps, tubewells, bore- Western Asia 89 11 7 holes, protected dug wells, Southeast Asia 88 12 14 protected springs and rain- Caucasus and Central Asia 87 13 6 water collection tanks; Sub-Saharan Africa 61 39 25 • Improved sanitation instal- Oceania 54 46 24 lations consist of: flushes or Average in developing regions 86 14 14 pour-flushes connected to Developed regions 99 1 1 the piped sewer system, to World 89 11 11 a septic tank or pit latrines, ventilated improved pit * MDG 2015: the percentage without access to safe clean water should be latrines, pit latrines with a lower than the figure in this column.
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