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Thesis Submitted by Elsa Casimiro UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Cape Verdeans in Cova da Moura, Portugal, an ethno-historical account of their destinies and legacies Valadas Casimiro, E.M. Publication date 2014 Document Version Final published version Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Valadas Casimiro, E. M. (2014). Cape Verdeans in Cova da Moura, Portugal, an ethno- historical account of their destinies and legacies. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:04 Oct 2021 UNIVERSITEIT VAN AMSTERDAM CAPE VERDEANS IN COVA DA MOURA, PORTUGAL, AN ETHNO-HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THEIR DESTINIES AND LEGACIES PhD Thesis Submitted by Elsa Casimiro Supervisors: Prof. Dr. Jan Rath Prof. Dr. Martha Montero-Sieburth Lisbon, September 2013 Cape Verdeans in Cova da Moura, Portugal, an Ethno-Historical Account of their Destinies and Legacies ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. dr. D.C. van den Boom ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties ingestelde commissie, in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Agnietenkapel op donderdag 30 januari 2014, te 10:00 uur door Elsa Maria Valadas Casimiro geboren te Lissabon, Portugal Promotiecommissie: Promotor: prof. dr. J.C. Rath Co-promotor: prof. dr. M. Monteiro-Sieburth Overige leden: prof. dr. P.L. Geschiere prof. dr. D. Macedo prof. dr. W.G. Pansters prof. dr. M.A.F. Rutten prof. dr. M.P.J. van de Port Faculteit der Maatschappij- en Gedragswetenschappen ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The completion of my dissertation has been a long journey. I started out on this project as a middle aged woman, facing health problems and the sickness of my mother. At any rate, this study could never have been finished without the invaluable support of others. First of all, I am greatly indebted to Professors Jan Rath and Martha Montero-Sieburth, who were involved as supervisors during this research project. They gave me methodological and bibliographical advice, and I admire their patience in reading and commenting what needed to be corrected. Professor Rath was always supportive and flexible in scheduling meetings whenever I went to Amsterdam, providing important scientific suggestions and insightful discussion about this research. Professor Montero-Sieburth always encouraged me and strengthened my belief that I could succeed. She helped me push through the methodological and literary issues and introduced me to ethno-history studies. Furthermore, she induced me to a more in-depth analysis of the Cape Verdean culture. I am also grateful for her hosting me and the time spent with her husband Charles reviewing and commenting my findings and conclusions. Without their support this project would surely not have been completed. I also thank to Professor Flip Lindo, supervisor during the first two years of this project, whose positive evaluation had made it possible to obtain a grant from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) which allowed me to carry out my research during four years. Moreover, I am most grateful to my husband, Gerald, for correcting my English and for his constructive (and sometimes destructive) criticism. He was always motivating and believed that I was able to do it. He spent nights correcting my text despite his work at University and brought home many out of print books to complete this thesis. This research could not have been concluded without the readiness to give information of the three Cape Verdean families to whom I am obliged for their confidence, kindness and friendship. They opened the door of their homes and shared the history of their lives with me. The interviews and long intimate conversations in the café of the Rua Direita in Cova da Moura where a table was reserved for us provided unique stories and valuable documentation for this thesis. In happy and sad times, our conversations became special moments that won‘t be forgotten. In Santo Antão the warm welcome, the conversations, the meals we shared with the family members and their delicious gifts will always be present in my memory. 1 I would like to let a note of gratitude to the directors and members of the associations Moinho da Juventude in Cova da Moura and Clube Social e Desportivo da Cova da Moura who provided important material, some of it unpublished; to the social assistant and the Priest of the Church of Buraca for the precious information about the Cape Verdean community in Cova da Moura and the long interviews; to the director, teachers and social mediator of the Schools: B1 da Cova da Moura and Dr. Pedro D‘Orey da Cunha for the data about the school. I am deeply appreciative to António Graça who gave me valuable material, comments and advice on how to proceed with the problems I encountered during this study. Furthermore, I would like to express my gratitude to Landeg White for the inspiring conversations we had in Mafra and Charneca da Caparica, to Andrew Thomson for proofreading the text during his summer holidays, to Maria João Cebolinha for her bibliographic suggestions and for formatting the last version of this thesis. In the last phase of writing my thesis Muriel Kiesel‘s support was essential, when several bureaucratic requirements had to be dealt with. When it was ready, she offered to print out the thesis and send it to the jury. I could not have done it without her. Finally, I am obliged to the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) in Portugal for the financial support during the time of my research and to IMES / Universiteit van Amsterdam for the scholarship and for providing free access to bibliography and a place to work when I was in Amsterdam. 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. 1 Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... 3 Table of Figures ....................................................................................................................................... 6 List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................ 6 I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 7 I.1 Purpose of the study and Research Questions ....................................................................... 9 I.2 Role as Researcher and Rationale for the Study ................................................................... 13 I.3 Overview of the Chapters ...................................................................................................... 17 II. State of the Art .............................................................................................................................. 21 II.1 Studies on Cape Verdean Migration ..................................................................................... 21 II.2 Background: History of Cape Verde ...................................................................................... 23 II.3 Alto da Cova da Moura .......................................................................................................... 31 III. Review of the Literature ............................................................................................................ 41 III.1 Conceptual Framework ......................................................................................................... 41 III.2 The Concept of ‘Culture of Poverty’ ...................................................................................... 42 III.2.1 The Controversy of the Concept of ‘Culture of Poverty’ ............................................... 45 III.3 The Concept and ramifications of the ‘Underclass’ .............................................................. 48 III.3.1 Relationship of British ‘underclass’ with the Portuguese Case ..................................... 50 III.3.2 Discussion of ‘Culture of Poverty’ versus ‘Underclass’ ................................................. 54 III.4 Social Networks in a Migration Context ................................................................................ 55 III.5 The Theory of Segmented Assimilation ................................................................................. 58 III.5.1 Analysis of the Segmented Assimilation Theory ........................................................... 60 III.6 Transnational Migration and Households ............................................................................
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