DOCSLIB.ORG

Offline Urdu Nastaliq OCR for Printed Text Using Analytical Approach

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Offline Urdu Nastaliq OCR for Printed Text Using Analytical Approach Offline Urdu Nastaliq OCR for Printed Text using Analytical Approach By Danish Altaf Satti Department of Computer Science Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan January, 2013 Offline Urdu Nastaliq OCR for Printed Text using Analytical Approach By Danish Altaf Satti Supervised by Dr. Khalid Saleem Department of Computer Science Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan January, 2013 Offline Urdu Nastaliq OCR for Printed Text using Analytical Approach By Danish Altaf Satti A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY IN COMPUTER SCIENCE Department of Computer Science Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan January, 2013 Offline Urdu Nastaliq OCR for Printed Text using Analytical Approach By Danish Altaf Satti CERTIFICATE A THESIS SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIRMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY We accept this dissertation as conforming to the required standards Dr. Khalid Saleem (Supervisor) Prof. Dr. M. Afzal Bhatti (Chairman) Department of Computer Science Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan January, 2013 Declaration I hereby declare that this dissertation is the presentation of my original research work. Wherever contributions of others are involved, every effort is made to indicate this clearly with due reference to the literature and acknowledgement of collaborative research and discussions. This work was done under the guidance of Prof. Dr. Khalid Saleem, Department of Computer Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University. Islamabad. Date: January 31, 2013 Danish Altaf Satti i Abstract As technologies grow machines are gaining more and more human like intelligence. Despite the fact that they have no intelligence on their own, due to advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, machines are quickly catching up. Machines have already surpassed human brain capability in terms of computational speed and memory however they still lack the ability to process and interpret information, under- stand it, recognize and make decisions on their own. The field of Pattern Recognition (PR) deals with bringing improvements in ability of machines to recognize patterns and identify objects. Its sub-field Optical Character Recognition (OCR) deals exclu- sively with patterns which are of printed or written text in nature. A lot of progress has been made as far as recognition of Latin, Chinese and Japanese scripts are concerned. In recent past recognition of Arabic text has caught a lot of interest from research community and significant advancements were made in the recognition of both printed and handwritten text. As far as Urdu is concerned the work is almost non-existent as compared to languages cited above. One of the reason is extreme complex nature of Nastaliq style which is a standard for printed Urdu text. In this dissertation we have discussed those complexities in detail and proposed a novel analytical approach for recognizing printed Urdu Nastaliq text. The proposed technique is effective in recognizing cursive scripts like Urdu and it is font-size invari- ant. In the end we evaluated our proposed technique in dataset of 2347 primary Urdu ii Nastaliq ligatures and found that our system is able to recognize Nastaliq ligatures with an accuracy of 97.10%. iii Acknowledgment First of all I would like to thanks Allah Almighty, the most merciful, for giving me opportunity, courage and strength to complete this dissertation. I want to express my gratitude for my supervisor Dr. Khalid Saleem, who has been a constant source of motivation for me. His endeavors, struggle, guidance and supervision would always be written in my memory through thick and thin. It has been an honor to have him as my supervisor. I am grateful for all his contributions of time, ideas, and knowledge to make my research experience productive, exciting and a milestone in my life. The joy and enthusiasm he has for research was contagious and motivational for me even during tough times in my research. Without his guidance, motivation, and endless support it would have been impossible to remain sustainable in the obscure situations and hurdles. His willingness to encourage me and guide me contributed tremendously to my research. Above all I would like to appreciate the degree of patience and care of my supervisor at every moment of my research work. I am very thankful to the teachers Prof. Dr. M. Afzal Bhatti (chairman), Dr. Onaiza Maqbool, Dr. Shuaib Karim, Dr. Mubashir who provided me immeasurable productive knowledge that will remain with me throughout my life. I would like to show my gratitude and pleasure to my class fellows Muzzamil Ali Khan, Mudassar Ali Khan, Ali Masood, Johar Ali, Qadeem Khan, Zainab Malik, Unsa Masood Satti and Farzana Gul who gave me an inspiration to struggle towards my goal. I would iv never forget the feedback of my seniors Mohsin Ansari, Danish Saif Talpur, Lateef Talpur and Imran Malik and their helpful guidance throughout the way. Last, but not the least, I thank my parents and family, for their unflagging love and support and this dissertation would have not been possible without them. I express gratitude to my loving and caring siblings who have been a constant source of care, concern and strength. And I appreciate their generosity and understanding. Thank you Danish Altaf Satti v Dedicated to My Parents, Sisters & Dadi Jan and Late Dada Jan vi Contents Abstract ii Table of Contents xiii List of Tables xiv List of Figures xvi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 What is Optical Character Recognition and where does it stand ... 1 1.2 Applications Of OCR ........................... 3 1.3 Types of Optical Character Recognition Systems ........... 4 1.3.1 Off-line versus On-line ...................... 5 1.3.2 Printed versus Handwritten ................... 5 1.3.3 Isolated versus Cursive ...................... 6 1.3.4 Single font versus Omni-font ................... 6 1.4 The Urdu OCR .............................. 7 1.4.1 The need of Urdu OCR (Motivation) .............. 7 vii 1.4.2 Characteristics of Urdu Script .................. 8 1.4.3 Nastaliq Style of Writing ..................... 9 1.5 The General OCR Process ........................ 10 1.5.1 Image Acquisition ........................ 11 1.5.2 Pre-processing .......................... 12 1.5.2.1 Binarization (Thresholding) .............. 12 1.5.2.2 Noise Removal ..................... 13 1.5.2.3 Smoothing ....................... 13 1.5.2.4 De-skewing ....................... 13 1.5.2.5 Secondary Components Extraction .......... 13 1.5.2.6 Baseline Detection ................... 14 1.5.2.7 Thinning (Skeletonization) .............. 14 1.5.3 Segmentation ........................... 15 1.5.4 Feature Extraction ........................ 16 1.5.5 Classification & Recognition ................... 16 1.6 Holistic VS Analytical Approach .................... 17 1.7 Contribution of this Dissertation .................... 17 1.8 Dissertation Outline ........................... 18 2 Background & Related Work 19 2.1 Image Acquisition ............................. 21 2.2 Noise Removal, Smoothing and Skew Detection ............ 22 2.3 Binarization (Thresholding) ....................... 24 2.3.1 Global Thresholding ....................... 25 2.3.1.1 Otsu .......................... 26 2.3.1.2 ISODATA ....................... 26 2.3.2 Local Adaptive Thresholding .................. 26 viii 2.3.2.1 Bernsen ......................... 27 2.3.2.2 White and Rohrer ................... 28 2.3.2.3 Yanowitz and Bruckstein ............... 29 2.3.2.4 Niblack ......................... 30 2.3.2.5 Sauvola and Pietikäinen ................ 30 2.3.2.6 Nick ........................... 31 2.3.3 Evaluation of Thresholding Algorithms ............. 31 2.4 Thinning (Skeletonization) ........................ 32 2.4.1 Types of Thinning Algorithms .................. 33 2.4.2 Challenges in Thinning for OCR ................ 34 2.4.3 Hilditch’s Thinning Algorithm .................. 36 2.4.4 Zhang-Suen Thinning Algorithm ................ 37 2.4.5 Huang et al. Thinning Algorithm ................ 38 2.5 Segmentation ............................... 39 2.5.1 Page Decomposition ....................... 39 2.5.2 Line Segmentation ........................ 40 2.5.3 Ligature/Sub-word Segmentation ................ 40 2.5.4 Character Segmentation ..................... 42 2.6 Feature Extraction ............................ 44 2.6.1 Template Matching and Correlation .............. 45 2.6.2 Statistical Features ........................ 45 2.6.2.1 Moments ........................ 46 2.6.2.2 Zoning ......................... 46 2.6.2.3 Crossings ........................ 47 2.6.3 Structural Features ........................ 47 2.7 Classification & Recognition ....................... 47 2.7.1 Decision-theoretic based classification .............. 48 ix 2.7.1.1 Statistical Classifiers .................. 49 2.7.1.2 Artifical Neural Networks ............... 50 2.7.2 Structural Methods ........................ 52 2.8 Related Work in Off-line Urdu OCR .................. 53 2.8.1 Shamsher et al. Approach .................... 54 2.8.2 Hussain et al. Approach ..................... 54 2.8.3 Sattar Approach ......................... 55 2.8.4 Sardar and Wahab Approach .................. 55 2.8.5 Javed Approach ......................... 56 2.8.6 Akram et al. Approach ...................... 57 2.8.7 Iftikhar Approach ........................ 57 2.8.8 Comparison of Related Work in Urdu OCR .......... 58 2.9 Chapter Summary ............................ 61 3 Complexities and Implementation Challenges 62 3.1 Complexities
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Study of Kufic Script in Islamic Calligraphy and Its Relevance To
    University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 1999 A study of Kufic script in Islamic calligraphy and its relevance to Turkish graphic art using Latin fonts in the late twentieth century Enis Timuçin Tan University of Wollongong Recommended Citation Tan, Enis Timuçin, A study of Kufic crs ipt in Islamic calligraphy and its relevance to Turkish graphic art using Latin fonts in the late twentieth century, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, Faculty of Creative Arts, University of Wollongong, 1999. http://ro.uow.edu.au/ theses/1749 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact Manager Repository Services: [email protected]. A Study ofKufic script in Islamic calligraphy and its relevance to Turkish graphic art using Latin fonts in the late twentieth century. DOCTORATE OF PHILOSOPHY from UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG by ENiS TIMUgiN TAN, GRAD DIP, MCA FACULTY OF CREATIVE ARTS 1999 CERTIFICATION I certify that this work has not been submitted for a degree to any university or institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by any other person, expect where due reference has been made in the text. Enis Timucin Tan December 1999 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I acknowledge with appreciation Dr. Diana Wood Conroy, who acted not only as my supervisor, but was also a good friend to me. I acknowledge all staff of the Faculty of Creative Arts, specially Olena Cullen, Liz Jeneid and Associate Professor Stephen Ingham for the variety of help they have given to me.
    [Show full text]
  • Inpage Urdu Manual
    http://www.axiscomputers.com [email protected] Concept SOFTWARE .. . . (version) . 1 Horizontal . CharacterScript Letters & VowelsLigature . . Windows 95, 3.11 Full stop 5.0 (Decorative Work) (Spot Color Separation) . . 2 . . 3 Spell Check Kerning ME NT 4 6 .......................................................................................... ......................................................................................... .................................................................................. ..................................................................................... .............................................................................................. ......................................................................................... ................................................................................................. ..................................................................................... ................................................................................ ................................................................................. .......................................................................................... .................................................................................................. .............................................................................................. .......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding (IJMMU) Vol
    Comparative Study of Post-Marriage Nationality Of Women in Legal Systems of Different Countries http://ijmmu.com [email protected] International Journal of Multicultural ISSN 2364-5369 Volume 2, Issue 6 and Multireligious Understanding December, 2015 Pages: 41-57 Public Perception on Calligraphic Woodcarving Ornamentations of Mosques; a Comparison between East Coast and Southwest of Peninsula Malaysia Ahmadreza Saberi1; Esmawee Hj Endut1; Sabarinah Sh Ahmad1; Shervin Motamedi2,3; Shahab Kariminia4; Roslan Hashim2,3 1 Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, 40450, Malaysia Email: [email protected] 2 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3 Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 4 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art, Architecture and Urban Planning, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Isfahan, Iran Abstract Woodcarving ornamentation is considered as, a national heritage and can be found in many Malaysian mosques. Woodcarvings are mostly displayed in three different motifs, namely floral, geometry and calligraphy. The application of floral and geometry motifs is to convey an abstract meaning of Islamic teachings to the viewers. However, the calligraphic decorations directly express the messages of Allah almighty or the sayings of the prophets to the congregations. Muslims are the main users of mosques as these are places for prayers as well as other religious and community activities. Therefore, the assessment of users’ opinion about this type of decoration needs to be investigated. This paper aims to evaluate the perception of two groups of mosque users on the calligraphic woodcarving ornamentations from two regions, namely the East Coast and Southwest of Peninsula Malaysia.
    [Show full text]
  • A COMPARATIVE STUDY of ENGLISH and KURDISH CONNECTIVES in NEWSPAPER OPINION ARTICLES Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor
    A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ENGLISH AND KURDISH CONNECTIVES IN NEWSPAPER OPINION ARTICLES Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Leicester by Rashwan Ramadan Salih BA, MA School of English University of Leicester 2014 A comparative study of English and Kurdish connectives in newspaper opinion articles Abstract This thesis is a comparative study that investigates English and Kurdish connectives which signal conjunctive relations in online newspaper opinion articles. This study utilises the Hallidayan framework of connectives in light of the principles of Relevance Theory established by Sperber and Wilson (1995). That is, connectives are considered in terms of their procedural meanings; i.e. the different interpretations they signal within different contexts, rather than their conceptual meanings. It finds that Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) classification of conjunctive relations and connectives needs to be modified, in order to lay out a clearer classification of English connectives that could account for their essential characteristics and properties. This modified classification would also help classify Kurdish connectives with greater accuracy. The comparison between connectives from both languages is examined through the use of translation techniques such as creating paradigms of correspondence between the equivalent connectives from both languages (Aijmer et al, 2006). Relevance Theoretic framework shows that any given text consists of two segments (S1 and S2), and these segments are constrained by different elements according to the four sub-categories of conjunctive relations. Different characteristics of connectives are considered in relation to the different subcategories of the Hallidayan framework of the conjunctive relations as follows: additive: the semantic content of the segments S1 and S2; adversative: the polysemy of the connectives; causal-conditional: iconicity in the order of the segments and temporal: the time scenes in the segments S1 and S2 The thesis comprises eight chapters.
    [Show full text]
  • Unicode Request for Cyrillic Modifier Letters Superscript Modifiers
    Unicode request for Cyrillic modifier letters L2/21-107 Kirk Miller, [email protected] 2021 June 07 This is a request for spacing superscript and subscript Cyrillic characters. It has been favorably reviewed by Sebastian Kempgen (University of Bamberg) and others at the Commission for Computer Supported Processing of Medieval Slavonic Manuscripts and Early Printed Books. Cyrillic-based phonetic transcription uses superscript modifier letters in a manner analogous to the IPA. This convention is widespread, found in both academic publication and standard dictionaries. Transcription of pronunciations into Cyrillic is the norm for monolingual dictionaries, and Cyrillic rather than IPA is often found in linguistic descriptions as well, as seen in the illustrations below for Slavic dialectology, Yugur (Yellow Uyghur) and Evenki. The Great Russian Encyclopedia states that Cyrillic notation is more common in Russian studies than is IPA (‘Transkripcija’, Bol’šaja rossijskaja ènciplopedija, Russian Ministry of Culture, 2005–2019). Unicode currently encodes only three modifier Cyrillic letters: U+A69C ⟨ꚜ⟩ and U+A69D ⟨ꚝ⟩, intended for descriptions of Baltic languages in Latin script but ubiquitous for Slavic languages in Cyrillic script, and U+1D78 ⟨ᵸ⟩, used for nasalized vowels, for example in descriptions of Chechen. The requested spacing modifier letters cannot be substituted by the encoded combining diacritics because (a) some authors contrast them, and (b) they themselves need to be able to take combining diacritics, including diacritics that go under the modifier letter, as in ⟨ᶟ̭̈⟩BA . (See next section and e.g. Figure 18. ) In addition, some linguists make a distinction between spacing superscript letters, used for phonetic detail as in the IPA tradition, and spacing subscript letters, used to denote phonological concepts such as archiphonemes.
    [Show full text]
  • CLIB 2016 Proceedings
    The Second International Conference Computational ​ Linguistics in Bulgaria (CLIB 2016) is organised within ​ the Operation for Support for International Scientific Conferences Held in Bulgaria of the National Science ​ Fund Grant № ДПМНФ 01/9 of 11 Aug 2016. National Science Fund ​ ​ CLIB 2016 is organised by: The Department of Computational Linguistics, Institute for Bulgarian Language, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences PUBLICATION AND CATALOGUING INFORMATION Title: Proceedings of the Second International Conference Computational Linguistics in Bulgaria (CLIB 2016) ISSN: 2367­5675 (online) Published and The Institute for Bulgarian Language Prof. Lyubomir ​ distributed by: Andreychin, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences ​ Editorial address: Institute for Bulgarian Language Prof. Lyubomir ​ Andreychin, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences ​ 52 Shipchenski prohod blvd., bldg. 17 Sofia 1113, Bulgaria +359 2/ 872 23 02 Copyright of each paper stays with the respective authors. The works in the Proceedings are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence (CC BY 4.0). Licence details: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 ​ Proceedings of the Second International Conference Computational Linguistics in Bulgaria 9 September 2016 Sofia, Bulgaria PREFACE We are excited to welcome you to the second edition of the International Conference Computational ​ Linguistics in Bulgaria (CLIB 2016) in Sofia, Bulgaria! ​ CLIB aspires to foster the NLP community in Bulgaria and further the cooperation among researchers working in NLP for Bulgarian around the world. The need for a conference dedicated to NLP research dealing with or applicable to Bulgarian has been felt for quite some time. We believe that building a strong community of researchers and teams who have chosen to work on Bulgarian is a key factor to meeting the challenges and requirements posed to computational linguistics and NLP in Bulgaria.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Kurdish Text to Sign Translation
    Proceedings of the 9th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages, pages 117–122 Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC 2020), Marseille, 11–16 May 2020 c European Language Resources Association (ELRA), licensed under CC-BY-NC Towards Kurdish Text to Sign Translation Zina Kamal, Hossein Hassani University of Kurdistan Hewlêr, University of Kurdistan Hewlêr Kurdistan Region - Iraq, Kurdistan Region - Iraq {z.kamal3, hosseinh}@ukh.edu.krd Abstract The resources and technologies for sign language processing of resourceful languages are emerging, while the low-resource languages are falling behind. Kurdish is a multi-dialect language, and it is considered a low-resource language. It is spoken by approximately 30 million people in several countries, which denotes that it has a large community with hearing-impairments as well. This paper reports on a project which aims to develop the necessary data and tools to process the sign language for Sorani as one of the spoken Kurdish dialects. We present the results of developing a dataset in HamNoSys and its corresponding SiGML form for the Kurdish Sign lexicon. We use this dataset to implement a sign-supported Kurdish tool to check the accuracy of the sign lexicon. We tested the tool by presenting it to hearing-impaired individuals. The experiment showed that 100% of the translated letters were understandable by a hearing-impaired person. The percentages were 65% for isolated words, and approximately 30% for the words in sentences. The data is publicly available at https://github.com/KurdishBLARK/KurdishSignLanguage for non-commercial use under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence.
    [Show full text]
  • Nastaleeq: a Challenge Accepted by Omega
    Nastaleeq: A challenge accepted by Omega Atif Gulzar, Shafiq ur Rahman Center for Research in Urdu Language Processing, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan atif dot gulzar (at) gmail dot com, shafiq dot rahman (at) nu dot edu dot pk Abstract Urdu is the lingua franca as well as the national language of Pakistan. It is based on Arabic script, and Nastaleeq is its default writing style. The complexity of Nastaleeq makes it one of the world's most challenging writing styles. Nastaleeq has a strong contextual dependency. It is a cursive writing style and is written diagonally from right to left. The overlapping shapes make the nuqta (dots) and kerning problem even harder. With the advent of multilingual support in computer systems, different solu- tions have been proposed and implemented. But most of these are immature or platform-specific. This paper discuses the complexity of Nastaleeq and a solution that uses Omega as the typesetting engine for rendering Nastaleeq. 1 Introduction 1.1 Complexity of the Nastaleeq writing Urdu is the lingua franca as well as the national style language of Pakistan. It has more than 60 mil- The Nastaleeq writing style is far more complex lion speakers in over 20 countries [1]. Urdu writing than other writing styles of Arabic script{based lan- style is derived from Arabic script. Arabic script has guages. The salient features`r of Nastaleeq that many writing styles including Naskh, Sulus, Riqah make it more complex are these: and Deevani, as shown in figure 1. Urdu may be • Nastaleeq is a cursive writing style, like other written in any of these styles, however, Nastaleeq Arabic styles, but it is written diagonally from is the default writing style of Urdu.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Gothic SCHWARTZCO Local Gothic ABOUT Vllg.Com
    vllg.com LoCAL Gothic SCHWARTZCO Local Gothic ABOUT vllg.com Details / 2005 GIORGIO SANS was designed by Christian Schwartz. It is available as a cross-platform, feature-rich OpenType font. Giorgio Sans is available in Roman & Italic with eight feature-rich weights with plenty of stylistic alternates. Please contact us for information on webfonts licensing. SUPPORTED LANGUAGES SO 8859–1 / LATIN 1 Local Gothic offers extensive language support… Afrikaans, Albanian, Basque, Breton, Catalan, Danish, English (UK & US), Faroese, Galician, German, Icelandic, Irish (new orthography), Italian, Kurdish (The Kurdish Unified Alphabet), Latin (basic classical orthography), Leonese, Luxembourgish (basic classical orthography), Norwegian (Bokmål & Nynorsk), Occitan, Portuguese (Portuguese & Brazilian), Rhaeto-Romanic, Scottish Gaelic, Spanish, Swahili, Swedish & Walloon ISO 8859–2 / LATIN 2 Bosnian, Croatian, Czech, German, Hungarian, Polish, Romanian, Serbian (when in the Latin script), Slovak, Slovene, Upper Sorbian & Lower Sorbian ISO 8859–3 / LATIN 3 Esperanto, Maltese, Turkish ISO 8859–4 / LATIN 4 Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Greenlandic & Sami ISO 8859–9 / LATIN 5 Turkish ISO 8859–10 / LATIN 6 Nordic languages SCHWARTZCO Local Gothic ABOUT vllg.com Local Gothic / page 1 of 3 WHILe i wAS iN COllEge i ToOk several cLasseS at pittsbuRgh FILmmakers, aND i HAd to wALK By A rallY’S HaMBuRGEr sTANd to get theRe. tHeIr SigN wAS amazing — it LOOked lIke they had bouGht theIr mOvaBle LETTerS ON thrEE or four SEpARate occasionS and DiDN’T CaRe that THeY didn’T mAtcH. IT gaVE me AN ideA For a veRY DIstressed typEFace that was made up Of comPletEly UndIstressed characTERs. tHe uNeveN texture Would Only be ApPareNT if You Looked at mULtiPLe characterS aT a TIme.
    [Show full text]
  • MICROSOFT OEM *** ( (Special Prices) Taxes RTP(Rs.) SP (Rs.) Support : [email protected] / 1800-111100 / Airtel: 18001021100 / +91 80 40103000
    SOFTMART SOLUTIONS - RESELLER PRICE LIST - September 8, 2021 The rates on the pricelist are valid only for the date of the pricelist. Please reconfirm / request for the current or extended validity prices by email : [email protected] & [email protected] before quoting to your customers or before placing any orders to us. PRICELIST CODE : PL-20210908 SAC CODE OF *SOFTWARE LICENCE : 997331 SAC CODE OF *SOFTWARE SUBSCRIPTION : 998434 HSN CODE OF SOFTWARE WITH MEDIA: 85238020 Customer Licence Information Form required for all licence orders / Deal Registration requests : www.softmartonline.com/LForm.doc and www.softmartonline.com/DealReg.doc The following details are mandatory for processing for ESD Purchase Orders : Name or organisation / Complete Physical Location Address / City / State / PINCODE / Contact Person Full Name / Contact Person Company Email-id / Tel. Number / Copy of Enduser PO required. ALL LICENCE ORDERS ARE NON-CANCELLABLE WITHOUT EXCEPTION. When you send us any enquiry for software not listed, to enable us to reply asap, please include the maximum details possible. Category of Enduser (Government / Educational / Charity/ NGO / Commercial), Software Name & Software Website, Operating System (Win 2012 / 16 / 19 Server, Win 10 / 8 / 7 Pro / Home / Linux / Macintosh), Number of users / devices and the objective which the customer plans to use the software. Enduser details are required to get ensure partner transfer rates. ESD : Electronic Software Delivery (Software to be downloaded from weblink / website ). It is mandatory
    [Show full text]
  • Usage of Urdu As the Language of Elitism Among the Muslims of the Northern and the Deccan Parts of India: a Socio-Cultural Review
    Middle Eastern Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences (MEJRESS) Website: http://bcsdjournals.com/index.php/mejrhss ISSN 2709-0140 (Print) and ISSN 2709-152X (Online) Vol.1, Issue 2, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47631/mejress.v1i2.28 Usage of Urdu as the Language of Elitism among the Muslims of the Northern and the Deccan parts of India: A Socio-Cultural Review Arshi Siddiqui, 1 Ismail Siddiqui 2 1 PhD, Barkatullah University, Bhopal (M.P), India. 2 Integrated Masters, Development Studies, IIT Madras, Chennai, (T.N), India Abstract Article Info Purpose: The paper examines how Urdu evolved from the language of the Article history: rulers to the lingua franca of Muslims in the modern times. The paper Received: 02 September 2020 attempts to highlight how Urdu is still being used as an identity marker for Revised: 08 October 2020 Muslims with respect to the other communities and is a source of Accepted: 18 October 2020 ascendancy, an achieved elitist status within the Muslims of the North and Deccan. Keywords: Approach/Methodology/Design: Socio-cultural analysis. Findings: The usage of Urdu as a political instrument by the Muslim Sociolinguistics, League and the cultural influence the language has exerted on the Muslim Urdu, community led to its usage as a source of elitism within the community in the South Asia, modern times. The analysis indicates that there is harking back to the highly Indian Muslims, Persianised, nastaliq form of Urdu, which was manifested in its literature in Elitism the twentieth century as the pure, hegemonic and the aspired language, true to the identity of the community.
    [Show full text]
  • Desktop Publishing 45, Anurag Nagar, Behind Press Complex, Indore
    B.Com 1st Year (Plain) Subject- Desktop Publishing SYLLABUS Class – B.Com. I Year Subject – Desktop Publishing UNIT – I Importance and Advantages of DTP, DTP Software and Hardware, Commercial DTP Packages, Page Layout programs, Introduction to Word Processing, Commercial DTP Packages, Difference between DTP Software and word Processing. UNIT – II Types of Graphics, Uses of Computer Graphics Introduction to Graphics Programs, Font and Typeface, Types of Fonts, Creation of Fonts (Photographer), Anatomy of Typefaces, Printers, Types of Printers used in DTP, Plotter, Scanner. UNIT – III History and Versions of PageMaker, Creating a New Page, Document Setup Dialog Box, Paper size, Page Orientation, Margins, Different Methods of Placing text and graphics in a document, master Page, Story Editor, Formatting of Text, Indent, Leading, Hyphenation, Spelling Check, Creating Index, Text Wrap, Position (Superscript/Subscript), Control Palette. UNIT – IV History of Multimedia Elements, Text, Images, Sound, Animation and Video, Text, concept of Plain Text and Formatted Text, RTF& HTML Text, Image, Importance of Graphics in Multimedia, Image Capturing Methods, Scanner, Digital Camera, Sound0 Sound and its effect in Multimedia, Analog and Digital sound, Animation, Basics, Principles and use of Animation, video, Basics of Video, Analog and Digital Video. UNIT – V Features Of Multimedia, Overview of Multimedia, Multimedia Software Tools, Multimedia Authoring- Production and Presentation, Graphics File Formats, MIDI-Overviews, Concepts, Structure of MIDI, MIDI Devices, MIDI Messages. 45, Anurag Nagar, Behind Press Complex, Indore (M.P.) Ph.: 4262100, www.rccmindore.com 1 B.Com 1st Year (Plain) Subject- Desktop Publishing UNIT I 1.1 Introduction to Desktop Publishing Desktop Publishing (DTP) is the creation of electronic forms of information documents using page layout skills on a personal computer primarily for print.
    [Show full text]