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Flora De La Reserva Florística Manejada Cabo Lucrecia-Punta De Mulas, Banes, Holguín

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Flora De La Reserva Florística Manejada Cabo Lucrecia-Punta De Mulas, Banes, Holguín Revista del Jardín Botánico Nacional • Vol. 36, 65-77 • 2015 Flora y Vegetación Flora de la Reserva Florística Manejada cabo Lucrecia-punta de Mulas, Banes, Holguín Flora of the Managed Floristic Reserve cabo Lucrecia-punta de Mulas, Banes, Holguín Pedro A. González Gutiérrez*, José L. Gómez Hechavarria**, Omar Leyva Bermúdez** y Yamileth Hernández** RESUMEN El sector costero cabo Lucrecia-punta de Mulas, perteneciente al municipio de Banes, provincia Holguín, está propuesto como Reserva Florística Manejada de significación local. Hasta el momento no existen referencias publicadas sobre los valores florísticos y de vegetación que allí se encuentran. Para identificar los objetos de conservación del área protegida se realizó un estudio de flora y vegetación. Se identificaron 7 formaciones vegetales en las que crecen 269 especies de plantas pertenecientes a 72 familias de espermatófitas, con 14 % de endemismo. Se localizaron poblaciones de ocho especies amenazadas que junto a los matorrales xeromorfos costeros constituyen los principales objetos de conservación de la Reserva Florística Manejada. En el manejo del área se debe contemplar el control de las poblaciones de 17 especies exóticas invasoras o potencialmente invasoras. Palabras clave: vegetación, endemismo, especies amenazadas, especies invasoras ABSTRACT The coastal sector cabo Lucrecia-punta de Mulas belong to Banes municipality, Holguin province has been proposed as Managed Floristic Reserve with local signification. At this moment, no references about the floristic and vegetation values of this place have been founded. To identify the conservation objects of this protected area, a flora and vegetation study was carried out. There are 7 vegetation types where grow 269 plant species belonging to 72 families of spermatophytes, with 14 % of endemism. Populations of eight threatened plant species were found. This threatened species and the xeromorphic coastal thicket constitute the most important conservation objects of the Managed Floristic Reserve. The management of the area must include the control of the populations of 17 invasive or potentially invasive species. Key words: vegetation, endemism, threatened species, invasive species Recibido: diciembre 2014 Aceptado: abril 2015 INTRODUCCIÓN “… prope Puerto Rico ad Banes, in collibus as rivulum”. En los últimos 15 años varias localidades de la franja A través de la información contenida en especímenes del costera de la provincia Holguín han sido objeto de estudio Herbario “Johannes Bisse” del Jardín Botánico Nacional como parte de proyectos de investigación o servicios (HAJB) se conoce que investigadores de esta institución científico-técnicos (González & al. 2001, Zaldívar & al. visitaron cabo Lucrecia en 1978; sin embargo, no se han 2011). La franja costera entre playa del Muerto y punta de encontrado referencias que resuman los valores florísticos Mulas, en el municipio Banes, se considera área protegida de esta localidad. de interés local con la categoría Reserva Florística Manejada por el Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas La caracterización de la vegetación y la flora de este sitio de Cuba (Centro Nacional de Áreas Protegidas 2013). es el primer paso para definir los objetos de conservación que luego serán manejados, teniendo en cuenta la fragilidad Áreas cercanas a esta localidad fueron visitadas por de los ecosistemas costeros. El presente estudio tiene E. L. Ekman en noviembre de 1915, según consta en la como objetivos la confección del inventario florístico de etiqueta del isotipo de Eugenia psyloclada Urb., depo- esta localidad e identificar las especies de plantas ame- sitado en el Herbario “Onaney Muñiz” del Instituto de nazadas, así como aquellas exóticas invasoras o poten- Ecología y Sistemática (HAC). El espécimen fue reco- cialmente invasoras. lectado cerca de la playa Puerto Rico Libre, probable- mente en las márgenes del río Jagüeyes, según se infiere MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS a partir de lo escrito en la etiqueta por el propio Ekman: Caracterización del área El área se localiza al norte de la provincia de Holguín, en *Centro de Investigaciones y Servicios Ambientales y Tecnológicos el municipio Banes (Figura 1). Desde el punto de vista de Holguín (CISAT), CITMA. Calle 18 sn, entre 1ª y Maceo, Reparto “El Llano”, Holguín 80 100, Cuba. E-Mail: [email protected] **Jardín físico-geográfico se encuentra en la región de las Llanuras Botánico de Holguín: Carretera al Valle de Mayabe km 5 1/2, Holguín y Alturas de Banes-Cacocum. El relieve está formado por 80100, Cuba. E-Mail: [email protected] una llanura marina de origen abrasivo-acumulativo, plana 65 González Gutiérrez, P. A. & al.: Flora de la Reserva Florística Manejada Cabo Lucrecia-Punta de Mulas, Banes, Holguín N Cabo Lucrecia - Punta de Mulas Holguín Cuba 0 90 360 Km Fig. 1. Ubicación geográfica de la Reserva Florística Manejada cabo Lucrecia-punta de Mulas, Banes, Holguín. y poco diseccionada. La geología del área se caracteriza especímenes fueron depositados en el herbario del Jardín por la presencia de la formación Jaimanitas, constituida Botánico Nacional (HAJB) y en el herbario del Jardín por calizas carsificadas y fosilíferas. Existe un fuerte Botánico de Holguín. desarrollo del carso, con la presencia del diente de perro. En los bolsones cársicos se manifiesta la presencia de Para la identificación de las especies se utilizó la “Flora carbonatos arcillosos ferruginosos, de color rojo pardusco, de Cuba”: Alain (1953, 1957, 1964, 1974), León (1946) y calcareniscas marinas o finamente estratificadas con León & Alain (1951); así como publicaciones más recientes margas intercaladas (Hernández & al. 2015). como Beyra (1998) y los fascículos de la obra “Flora de la República de Cuba”: Acevedo-Rodríguez (2014), Albert Las temperaturas medias oscilan entre 24,6 ºC en los (2005), Areces & Fryxell (2007), Barreto (2013), Bässler meses de enero y febrero, hasta 28,6 ºC en agosto. La hu- (1998), Beurton (2008), Catasús (2012), Echevarría & medad relativa media presenta valores entre 76 % y 79 %. Graham (2008), Ferrufino & Greuter (2010), Fuentes (2005), Esta variable presenta un máximo y mínimo absolutos en González (2008), Greuter (2002), Gutiérrez (2000, 2002), los meses de octubre y abril con 94 % y 61 %, respec- Hiepko (2014), Lepper & Gutiérrez (2014), Méndez (2003), tivamente. El acumulado anual de precipitaciones duran- Mory (2010), Rankin (2003, 2005), Rankin & Greuter te el período 1981-2010 para la región fue de 905,5 mm. (2009), Rodríguez (2000a, 2000b), Thiv (2002) y Urquiola La dirección predominante de los vientos durante todo el (2009). La actualización de los nombres de los taxones año es el este, según datos del Centro Meteorológico de no tratados en la “Flora de la República de Cuba” e incluso la provincia de Holguín. de algunas familias ya publicadas se realizó según Acevedo-Rodríguez y Stron (2012). Para determinar la Métodos distribución geográfica de cada especie se tuvo en cuenta El trabajo de campo se desarrolló en el mes de diciembre la clasificación de los geoelementos de Borhidi (1996) y del año 2014. Para el estudio de la flora se realizaron las referencias anteriores. La evaluación del estado de recorridos por el área de estudio teniendo en cuenta la conservación se realizó según Berazaín & al. (2005). En distribución espacial de las formaciones vegetales y el caso de las especies invasoras o potencialmente inva- aprovechando los caminos y las trochas. Se confeccio- soras se consultaron los trabajos de González & al. (2009) naron listas florísticas en diferentes puntos del área. Las y Oviedo & González (2015). Las formaciones vegetales especies de plantas fueron identificadas in situ o fueron se clasifican teniendo en cuenta la clasificación de Capote recolectadas para su posterior identificación. Los & Berazaín (1984). 66 Revista del Jardín Botánico Nacional • Vol. 36, 65-77 • 2015 RESULTADOS Los complejos de vegetación de costa rocosa y de costa Se identificaron 269 especies de plantas pertenecientes arenosa se desarrollan a manera de franjas adyacentes a a 72 familias de espermatófitas. Las familias mejor la línea de costa. El resto de las formaciones vegetales representadas, en cuanto al número de especies fueron se desarrollan detrás de dichos complejos de vegetación, Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, Malvaceae, Poaceae, Asteraceae, a manera de parches. Las formaciones vegetales con Boraginaceae y Euphorbiaceae. Se recolectaron 30 mayor riqueza florística son el complejo de vegetación de especímenes de herbario y fueron depositados en el costa arenosa y el matorral xeromorfo costero con 126 y herbario HAJB y en el herbario del Jardín Botánico de 118 taxones, respectivamente (Tabla I). Holguín (Tabla I). Entre las 269 especies de plantas que han sido iden- Entre las especies listadas se identificaron 245 nativas, tificadas, 8 se consideran amenazadas según Berazaín de ellas 34 endémicas, y 24 introducidas. Con relación a & al. (2005) bajo las categorías de “En peligro” (EN) (5) y la flora nativa de la localidad, las especies endémicas “En peligro crítico” (CR) (3) (Tabla I). constituyen cerca del 14%. Entre las especies iden- tificadas debe destacarse el hallazgo de Lasiocroton DISCUSIÓN gracilis, Synapsis ilicifolia y Duranta arida subsp. arida, Las familias de plantas que poseen mayor número de taxones amenazados que constituyen nuevos registros especies en el área están entre las mejor represen- para la provincia de Holguín y para la costa nororiental de tadas en la flora de Cuba (Borhidi 1996) y también en Cuba (Figura 2). otras localidades
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