Annual Report 2014 2015.Indd

2 Abbreviations & Acronyms ...... 7 Message from the President ...... 11 Umyalezo Ovela Kumengameli ...... 13 Message from the Executive Ofﬁ cer ...... 15 Academy of Science of South Africa ...... 17

Introduction ...... 17 Strategic Intent ...... 17 Vision ...... 17 Mission ...... 17 Strategic Goals ...... 17 Objectives ...... 17 Values ...... 18 Structure ...... 18 1 Administration and Governance Programme ...... 19

1.1 Governance ...... 19 1.2 Membership ...... 24 1.3 Infrastructure – Personnel and Physical ...... 25 2 Policy Advisory Programme ...... 27

2.1 Health Studies ...... 27 2.2 Biosafety and Biosecurity Studies ...... 28 2.3 Energy and Environment Studies ...... 28 2.4 Education and Humanities Studies ...... 30 2.5 Poverty Studies...... 31 3 Scholarly Publishing Programme ...... 33

3.1 Open Access Platform (SciELO-SA) ...... 33 3.2 National Scholarly Book Publishers’ Forum (NSBPF) ...... 33 3.3 Peer Review of South African Scholarly Journals ...... 33 3.4 National Scholarly Editors’ Forum (NSEF) ...... 33 3.5 Memorandum of Agreement between DHET, DST and ASSAf ...... 34 3.6 Open Access Interventions for Research and Development in Africa ...... 34 3.7 Review of the Journal of Energy in Southern Africa and the Energy Research Newsletter ...... 35 3.8 South African Journal of Science (SAJS) ...... 35 4. Liaison Programme ...... 37

4.1 International Liaison Activities ...... 37 4.2 Women in Science Activities ...... 41 4.3 National Liaison Activities ...... 41

3 4 5 Communication and Publications Programme ...... 45

5.1 Marketing of the Academy ...... 45 5.2 Production, Publishing and Dissemination of Reports ...... 45 5.3 Public Awareness of Science ...... 46 6 South African Young Academy of Science ...... 47

6.1 Introduction ...... 47 6.2 Science Spaza Inaugural Meeting ...... 47 6.3 Water Security Colloquium ...... 47 6.4 Science for Society Symposium ...... 47 6.5 New SAYAS Members Inaugurated ...... 47 6.6 SAYAS General Assembly ...... 48 6.7 Young Scientists’ Annual Conference ...... 48 6.8 SAYAS Blog ...... 49 6.9 SAYAS Networking Meeting ...... 49

7 South African Academy of Engineering (SAAE) Activities ...... 51

7.1 National Activities ...... 51 7.2 International Activities ...... 52 7.3 Cooperation with ASSAf ...... 53

8 Annual Financial Statements for the Year ended 31 March 2015 ...... 55

Audit Committee Report ...... 56 Council’s Responsibilities and Approval ...... 57 Council’s Report ...... 58 Independent Auditor’s Report to Parliament on the Academy of Science of South Africa ...... 59 General Information ...... 65 Statement of Financial Position ...... 66 Statement of Financial Performance ...... 67 Statement of Changes in Net Assets ...... 68 Cash Flow Statement ...... 69 Statement of Comparison of Budget and Actual Amounts ...... 70 Accounting Policies ...... 71 Notes to the Annual Financial Statements ...... 82

ANNEXURE A – ASSAf Member Biographies ...... 93 ANNEXURE B – SAYAS Member Biographies ...... 113 ANNEXURE C – SAAE Member Biographies ...... 117

5 6 Abbreviations & Acronyms

AAS African Academy of Sciences Acatech German National Academy of Science and Engineering AET Agricultural Education and Training AMASA Annual Meeting of African Science Academies ANSB Académie Nationale des Sciences du Burkina ANSTC Académie Nationale des Sciences et Technologies du Congo ARC Agricultural Research Council ASADA Africa’s Science Academy Development Agenda ASADI African Science Academy Development Initiative ASSAf Academy of Science of South Africa ATPS African Technology Policy Studies Network AU African Union B4FA Biosciences for Farming in Africa BRICS Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa CAETS Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences CAPRISA Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa CBEP Cooperative Biological Engagement Programme CHE Council on Higher Education COE Centre of Excellence COHORT Committee of Heads of Organisations for Research and Technology CPUT Cape Peninsula University of Technology CREST Centre for Research Evaluation on Science and Technology CSfPA Committee on Science for Poverty Alleviation CSPiSA Committee on Scholarly Publishing in South Africa CSIR Council for Scientiﬁ c and Industrial Research CSOs Civil Society Organisations DHET Department of Higher Education and Training DST Department of Science and Technology DVC Deputy Vice-Chancellor EAS Ethiopian Academy of Sciences ERC Energy Research Centre EU European Union FMPPI Framework for managing programme performance information FP7 Seventh Framework Programme FRF First Rand Foundation GenderINSITE Gender in Science, Innovation, Technology and Engineering GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GM Genetic modiﬁ cation GRAP Standards of Generally Recognised Accounting Practice GYA Global Young Academy GloSYS Global State of Young Scientists HEI Higher education institution HRSA Health Resources and Services Administration HSRC Human Sciences Research Council IAC InterAcademy Council

7 IAMP InterAcademy Medical Panel IANAS Inter-American Network of Academies of Science IAP InterAcademy Partnership IBSE Inquiry-based science education ICSU International Council for Science ICSU ROA ICSU Regional Ofﬁ ce for Africa INSA Indian National Science Academy IOM Institute of Medicine KNAS Kenyan National Academy of Sciences LAMAP La main à la pâte LGBTI Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex MatCH Maternal Adolescent and Child Health Unit MNS Mental, neurological and substance use MoU Memorandum of understanding MRC Medical Research Council MTEF Medium-term Expenditure Framework NACI National Advisory Council on Innovation NAS Nigerian Academy of Science NASAC Network of African Science Academies NCDs Non-communicable diseases NDP National Development Plan Necsa South African Nuclear Energy Corporation NGOs Non-governmental organisations NHI National Health Insurance NHLS National Health Laboratory Service NMMU Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University NRF National Research Foundation NSBPF National Scholarly Book Publishers’ Forum NSEF National Scholarly Editors’ Forum NSI National System of Innovation NSTF National Science and Technology Forum NSW National Science Week NYAs National Young Academies NWU North-West University OMT Oppenheimer Memorial Trust OWSD Organisation for Women Scientists in the Developing World PAA Public Audit Act PFMA Public Finance Management Act R&D Research and development RECORD Renewable Energy Centre of Research and Development RU Rhodes University SAAE South African Academy of Engineering SAAO South African Astronomical Observatory

8 SAASTA South African Agency for Science and Technology Advancement SADAG South African Depression and Anxiety Group SADC Southern African Development Community SANBI South African National Biodiversity Institute SANEDI South African National Energy Development Institute SAJS South African Journal of Science SAYAS South African Young Academy of Science SciELO Scientifi c Electronic Library Online SciELO-SA Scientifi c Electronic Library Online - South Africa SCM Supply chain management SETMI Science, Engineering and Technology Management and Innovation SfS Science for Society SNAS Sudanese National Academy of Sciences SPP Scholarly Publishing Programme SPU Scholarly Publishing Unit SPRU Science Policy Research Unit SSA Sub-Saharan Africa S&T Science and technology STEM Science, technology, engineering and mathematics STI Science, technology and innovation STIAS Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study SU Stellenbosch University SURMEPI Stellenbosch University Rural Medical Education Partnership Initiative TIA Technology Innovation Agency TUT Tshwane University of Technology TWAS The World Academy of Sciences TWAS-ROSSA TWAS Regional Offi ce for sub-Saharan Africa UCT University of Cape Town UFS University of the Free State UKZN University of KwaZulu-Natal UNAS Uganda National Academy of Sciences UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientifi c and Cultural Organisation Unisa University of South Africa UP University of Pretoria US NAS United States National Academies of Sciences UWC University of the Western Cape VC Vice-Chancellor Wits University of the Witwatersrand WG Working Group WoK Web of Knowledge WoS Web of Science ZAS Zimbabwe Academy of Sciences YPL Young Physician Leader ZYMYAS Zimbabwe Young Academy of Sciences

9 10 The Academy of Science of South Africa is entering the twentieth year of its existence. Particularly since it became a statutory body in 2002, the Academy has steadily and resolutely pursued its mandate of providing evidence-based science advice in support of policy development on issues of national signiﬁ cance to government and beyond. In recent years there has been a sharpening of the understanding of this role, and of the place of the Academy in relation to other bodies that provide science advice.

The Academy is able to call on a substantial pool of experts to provide advice that is free of vested interests. In addition to initiating activities such as assessment studies and specialist workshops, it has received and responded to an increasing number of requests to conduct evidence-based studies that would inform policymakers. I mention as a pertinent example the study undertaken during the previous year on the State of Green Technologies in South Africa, at the request of the Department of Science and Technology. The result, a report of high quality, will add much to the range of efforts in the private and public sectors aimed at promoting green thinking in our national technological developments.

Poverty, inequality and unemployment represent a trio of challenges that play a decisive role in shaping national policy. The Academy, in line with its mandate, some years ago established a standing committee on poverty alleviation. Now revitalised and referred to as the Standing Committee on Science for the Reduction of Poverty and Inequality, this committee is set to give substance to its name through a series of workshops and other activities that will serve to provide relevant advice to policymakers.

The Academy continues to play a signiﬁ cant role in activities at the continental and global levels. There is an air of anticipation and energy following the very positive review of the decade-long Afri- can Science Academy Development Initiative (ASADI) programme and the establishment of its successor, Africa’s Science Academy Development Agenda (ASADA). Our Academy has from the out- set played a leading role in ensuring that ASADA, with a broader reach than ASADI, acts with purpose and a sense of urgency in promoting the development of academies, as well as their capacity to provide advice.

South Africa continues to be represented on a number of continental and global science advice bodies, including NASAC, the Network of African Science Academies, the IAP or the Global Net- work of Science Academies with its 107 national academy members, and the InterAcademy Medical Panel. Planning is well under way for the triennial IAP conference and general assembly, which will be hosted by ASSAf in early 2016.

I have given merely a ﬂ eeting glimpse of a few of the myriad activities undertaken by ASSAf during the last year. The report which follows conveys the full scope and depth of the Academy’s work, and will I hope emphasise the importance of this work in our national development and in our interactions at international level.

I record with great pleasure and gratitude my sincere thanks and appreciation to Professor Roseanne Diab, Executive Offi cer, and to her staff in the secretariat, for their unstinting support and dedication. I have relied greatly on the wisdom and guidance of fellow Council members who have, as always, most ably promoted the cause of the Academy. Finally, and not least, I thank Minister Naledi Pandor and offi cials of the Department of Science and Technology for their advice, their efforts in ensuring a solid fi nancial base for the Academy, and for their enthusiastic support of its activities.

Professor Daya Reddy President: Academy of Science of South Africa

11 12 Inhlangano i-Academy of Science of South Africa isineminyaka engu-20 yasungulwa. Selokhu yaba yiNhlangano esemagunyeni ngokusemthethweni ngo-2002, i-Academy of Science of South Africa ilokhu ibambe iqhaza layo lokunikeza iziluleko nezincomo ezintweni eziqondene nesayensi kuhulumeni nakwezinye izinhlaka ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubo-mgomo. Kule minyaka embalwa edlule indima ye- Academy ithuthuke kakhulu, okuholele ekunyukeni kwezinga lokuhlonishwa kwayo uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlaka ezihlinzeka ngeziluleko kwezesayensi.

I-Academy isihlinzeka nangethimba lochwepheshe abanolwazi olunzulu futhi abaluhlinzeka ngenku- luleko futhi bengachemile. Le Nhlangano iphinde yenze izifundo zokuhlola ulwazi nezinhlolovo, isin- gathe imichlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi asezingeni eliphakeme. Ziyanda izicelo lapho kufu- neka yenze ucwaningo lwezesayensi oluzosiza uhulumeni nezishayamthetho. Lapha singabala ucwaningo olwaziwa nge-State of Green Technology in South Africa i-Academy eyalwenzela uMnyango WezeSayensi nobuChwepheshe ngonyaka odlule. Umphumela walo oqukethwe kumbiko osezingeni eliphezulu uzosetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlakeni zikahulumeni nezinkampani ezizimele ekuthuthukisweni kwezobuchwepheshe kuleli zwe.

Ububha, ukungalingani nokuntuleka kwamathuba emisebenzi yizinselelo ezintathu esibhekene nazo njengezwe futhi zidlala indima enkulu ekuthuthukisweni kwenqubo-mgomo. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule i-Academy yasungula ikomiti inhloso yalo kuwusebenzisa ezesayensi ukulwa nobubha nelaziwa ngokuthi yi-Standing Committee on Science for Reduction of Poverty and Inequality. Leli komiti lizolandela igama lalo ngokubamba imihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi neminye imibhidlango izinhloso zayo kuyobe kuwuhlinzeka izikhulu zikahulumeni nezishaya-mthetho ngolwazi olunzulu.

I-Academy iyaqhubeka nokudlala indima ebonakalayo ezinhlakeni zezwekazi lase-Afrika nezomhlaba wonke jikelele. Kunentshisekelo enkulu emva kokuba kube nokubuyekezwa kwezinhlelo ze-African Science Academy Development Initiative (ASADI) nokuhlakazwa kwayo ukuze kubunjwe i-African Science Academy Development Initiative (ASADA). I-Academy yethu izoqinisekisa ukuthi i-ASADA – eneqhaza elikhulu kunebelidlalwa yi-ASADI iwenza ngokushesha umsebenzi wokusungulwa kwezinye izinhlaka futhi yenza ziqine lezi zinhlaka ukuze zikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi nezincomo okudingekayo. INingizimu Afrika ineqhaza futhi imelwe amalunga e-Academy angu-107 ezinhlakeni zoSolwazi kwezesayensi zezwekazi nezomhlaba jikelele, okubalwa kuzo iNetwork of African Science Academies (iNASAC), i-Global Network of Science Academies (eyaziwa nge-IAP) ne-InterAcademy Medical Panel. Izinhlelo zokubamba inkomfa ye-IAP ezosingethwa yithi siyi-ASSAf sezisemaphethelweni kanti izobanjwa ngasekuqaleni kuka-2016. Le nkomfa iba njalo emva kweminyaka emithathu.

Lapha ngibala okumbalwa nje ezinhlelweni eziningi ezenziwe yi-ASSAf ngonyaka odlule. Umbiko olan- delayo uchaza kabanzi ngalezizinhlelo futhi ngithemba ukuthi sizoziqhakambisa lezi zinhlelo entuthuk- weni yezwe lethu nasezinhlakeni zomhlaba jikelele.

Angithathe leli thuba ngidlulise intokozo yami nokubonga kwethu kuSolwazi Roseanne Diab, oyisikhulu esiPhezulu (CEO), nethimba elingaphansi kwakhe ngokuzimisela nokuzikhandla kwabo ekusilekele- leni. Ngithembele kakhulu ebuhlakanini nobuchule bozakwethu emkhandlwini ophethe i-Academy. Okukhulu kunakho konke, ngibonga uNgqongqoshe uNaledi Pandor nezikhulu zoMnyango wezeSay- ensi nobuChwepheshe ngokusixhasa ngezimali nokusisekela ngokugcwele, beqinisekisa ukuthi i- Academy iyawenza umsebenzi ebekelwe wona.

USolwazi Daya Reddy UMengameli: we-Academy of Science of South Africa

13 14 Each year that passes sees the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) strengthen its position in the national science system. The role of the Academy as a science advisory body is now ﬁ rmly established with the Department of Science and Technology (DST). Its niche is recognised as formal science advice expressed as recommendations in consensus study reports resulting from in-depth, long-term studies on various challenges facing the nation. The challenge for ASSAf in the future is to broaden its reach and raise its proﬁ le amongst other government departments that have not yet embraced the science advisory services that ASSAf can offer.

Four consensus study reports were published during this ﬁ nancial year; one on the State of Energy Re- search in South Africa, a second on the State of Green Technologies in South Africa and two reports on the evaluation of South African scholarly journals in Law and Health Sciences. There were also three workshop proceedings reports published as a result of convening activities of ASSAf. These covered a diverse range of topics such as nuclear energy, mental health and green technologies.

The Academy’s ﬂ agship journal, the South African Journal of Science (SAJS), is making full use of electronic media to increase its impact. The SAJS highlights are distributed to over 5 000 subscribers; there were almost 45 000 website page visits; over 80 000 articles were downloaded; the journal has a strong Facebook and Twitter presence; and importantly, the impact factor is now above 1.0.

ASSAf continues to play a signiﬁ cant role in strengthening the quality of South African scholarly journals through the National Scholarly Editors’ Forum and in enhancing the visibility of journals through the SciELO- SA open access platform. At the end of March 2015, there were 51 journals loaded on the platform.

On the international front, there were many exciting and promising developments. The ASSAf President, Prof Daya Reddy, was elected President-Elect of the International Council for Science (ICSU) at the Gen- eral Assembly in New Zealand.

The 11-year African Science Academy Development Initiative (ASADI) came to an end and was marked by a review that was presented at the Annual Meeting of African Science Academies (AMASA) held in Uganda in November 2014. This watershed event also saw the phasing in of a new initiative led by ASSAf, the science academies from Nigeria and Uganda, and the Network of African Science Academies (NA- SAC). It is known as Africa’s Science Academy Development Agenda (ASADA) and is African-conceived and African-driven and fully inclusive of all 21 academies on the African continent. At a meeting hosted by ASSAf in Pretoria in February 2015, the ASADA strategic plan was endorsed. This in itself is a major achievement and the stage is now set for a new phase of African science academy development.

ASSAf has been named as host organisation for two important regional bodies – the ICSU Regional Of- fi ce of Africa (ROA) and The World Academy of Sciences Regional Offi ce of Sub-Saharan Africa (TWAS ROSSA). There are clear synergies between the goals of these organisations and those of ASSAf, and it is ASSAf’s intention to strengthen the profi les of these offi ces for the benefi t of science on the continent.

ASSAf’s contribution to scholarly activities was expressed through the hosting of a well-attended conference on the Humanities, titled On Being Controversial: The Humanities Reach Out, and the hosting of two Distinguished Visiting Scholars from Sweden and Malaysia, who gave a series of public lectures at various institutions around the country.

In terms of raising public awareness of science, ASSAf continues to focus its efforts on improving the impact of its science magazine, Quest. A stakeholder engagement workshop was held in April 2014 and a report aimed at improving the impact of Quest was commissioned. The recommendations are in the process of being implemented.

Finally, it has been a privilege to lead a team of professional and dedicated staff who are responsible for implementing ASSAf’s many activities and for supporting ASSAf Members in their voluntary service to society. I also wish to thank the ASSAf Council, particularly the President, Prof Daya Reddy, for their support over this past year.

Prof Roseanne Diab Executive Ofﬁ cer: Academy of Science of South Africa

15 16 Introduction

The Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), in its unique position as the only national science academy that is offi cially recognised by the South African government through the ASSAf Act (Act No 67 of 2001), as amended, aims to provide evidence-based scientifi c advice on issues of public interest to government and other stakeholders. ASSAf regularly publishes its fi ndings and recommendations and also acknowledges the achievements of South African scientists in order to develop the intellectual capacity of the nation and promote innovative scholarly thinking. The Academy enjoys regular interaction and knowledge exchange with other national science academies throughout the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region, the African continent, and the global scientifi c community.

Strategic Intent

The Academy will be acknowledged, both nationally and internationally, as a credible, professional and respected collective voice representing the national interests of the sciences, to policy and decision-makers, the private sector, science community and the public.

Vision

The Academy of Science of South Africa aspires to be the apex organisation for science and scholarship in South Africa, recognised and connected both nationally and internationally. Through its Mem- bership, which represents the collective voice of the most active scholars in all ﬁ elds of scholarly enquiry, ASSAf aims to generate evidence-based solutions to national problems.

Mission

The mission of the Academy is to: • recognise scholarly achievement and excellence in the application of scientifi c thinking for the benefi t of society; • mobilise Members to ensure that they are available to contribute their expertise in the service of society; • conduct systematic and evidence-based studies on issues of national importance, producing authoritative reports that have signifi cant impact on policymaking; • promote the development of an indigenous system of South African research publications, increasing their quality, visibility, accessibility and impact; • publish science-focused periodicals that will showcase the best of southern African research to a wide national and international audience; • develop productive partnerships with national, regional and international organisations with a view to building our capacity in science and its application within the National System of Innova- tion (NSI); • create diversifi ed sources of funding for sustainable functioning and growth of a national academy; • communicate effectively with relevant stakeholders through various media and fora.

Strategic Goals

The strategic goals of the Academy are as follows: 1. Recognition and reward of excellence. 2. Promotion of innovation and scholarly activity. 3. Promotion of effective, evidence-based scientiﬁ c advice. 4. Promotion of public interest in and awareness of science and science education. 5. Promotion of national, regional and international linkages.

Objectives

The key objective of the Academy is to promote and apply scientifi c thinking in the service of society. To this end, the Academy shall: • use the common ground of scientifi c knowledge and activity to remove barriers between people and obstacles to the full development of their intellectual capacity; • endeavour in every possible way to inspire, promote and recognise excellence in scientifi c and technical practice;

17 • investigate and publicly report on various matters, in its own discretion or at the request of government or organisations in civil society, in order to promote and apply scientiﬁ c thinking in the service of society; • promote science education and a culture of science in the population at large; • maintain strict independence while consulting other organisations and individuals in the widest manner possible; • endeavour to establish and develop close relations with scientiﬁ c organisations in South Africa and with similar academies in other countries; and • take any other action that it may consider necessary towards the attainment of its key objective.

Values

The values of the Academy are to: • remain independent of government and sectoral lobbies; • use best-available evidence and scientiﬁ c knowledge as drivers towards generating recommended solutions to national problems; • apply multidisciplinarity and consilience in its approach; • adhere to the highest ethical and moral standards; • recognise the essentially developmental nature of our society and the importance of the natural environment, both for their own sake and from a human and utilitarian perspective.

Structure

The activities of the Academy are structured for budgetary and reporting purposes into ﬁ ve programmes: • Administration and Governance Programme • Policy Advisory Programme • Scholarly Publishing Programme • Liaison Programme • Communication and Publications Programme

181 1 Administration and Governance Programme

This programme is central to the efﬁ cient functioning of the Academy, providing essential administrative and ﬁ nancial support to the Council and the secretariat. The programme is also responsible for all reporting requirements.

Strategic objectives of the programme are:  Promotion of good governance through Council  Promotion of recognition and involvement of Members  Promotion of sound ﬁ nancial management  Promotion of sound human resource management in the secretariat

1.1 Governance

The Academy’s activities are guided by the ASSAf Act (Act No 67 of 2001), as amended by the Sci- ence and Technology Laws Amendment Act (Act 16 of 2011), and a set of established regulations that collectively comprise the Academy’s Constitution. Good governance of the Academy is en- sured through regular meetings of Council, the execution of Council elections, support of Council meetings and efﬁ cient and effective execution of Council resolutions.

The ASSAf Council comprises 13 members, of whom 12 are elected from the Membership and one is appointed by the Minister of Science and Technology as a representative of the National Advisory Council on Innovation (NACI). The Academy has ﬁ ve ofﬁ ce-bearers: the President, two Vice-Presi- dents, General Secretary and Treasurer.

The appointment of advisors to the ASSAf Council is executed in terms of Regulation 8 of the Constitu- tion.

The Council has three standing committees: an Executive Committee comprising the ofﬁ ce-bearers that allows for decision-making on important matters in the intervals between Council meetings; an Audit and Risk Committee, and a Human Resources Committee.

At least four Council meetings are held each year and Council elections have been held every four years with effect from 2012 in accordance with the Science and Technology Laws Amendment Act (Act No 16 of 2011).

Council members do not receive any remuneration for their involvement in governing the activities of the Academy. Funds are allocated to cover Council members’ travel and logistical costs associated with Council and other Academy meetings.

19 19 Council Composition Council

The composition of the ASSAf Council is as follows.

President and Chairperson

Prof Dayanand (Daya) Reddy holds the South African Re- search Chair in Computational Mechanics in the Depart- ment of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics at the University of Cape Town (UCT). He is also Director of the Centre for Research in Computational and Applied Me- chanics, and served as Dean of the Faculty of Science at UCT over the period 1999 – 2005. He is a recipient of the National Order of Mapungubwe (Bronze), and a Fellow of The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) and the African Academy of Sciences (AAS).

Vice-Presidents

Vacant – Previous incumbent, Prof Patricia Berjak passed away on 22 January 2014.

Prof Iqbal Parker is the Director of the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, UCT. He was the Head of the Division of Medical Biochemistry and Di- rector of Research in the Health Science Faculty at UCT. He is a founder Member of ASSAf and served as General Secretary from 2000 – 2004. He is a Fellow of TWAS.

General Secretary

Prof Himla Soodyall is the Director of the MRC/NHLS/Wits Human Genomic Diversity and Disease Research Unit at the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) at Wits. She is the recipient of the National Order of Mapun- gubwe (Bronze).

Treasurer

Prof Sunil Maharaj holds the South African Research Chair in Gravitating Systems and is Director of the Astro- physics and Cosmology Research Unit at UKZN.

20 Composition

ASSAf Council Members

Dr Robert M Adam is the Director of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) South Africa Project. He was a Group Execu- tive at the Aveng Group and Chief Executive Ofﬁ cer of the South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa). Previously, he was the Director-General of the Depart- ment of Science and Technology (DST).

Prof Ahmed Bawa is Vice-Chancellor and Principal of the Durban University of Technology (DUT). Previously he was Professor and Distinguished Lecturer at Hunter College, City University of New York and Deputy Vice-Chancellor (DVC) for Research at the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN). He is the former Chairperson of Higher Education South Africa (HESA).

Prof Stephanie Burton is Vice-Principal: Research and Postgraduate Education at the University of Pretoria (UP). She has served as Chairperson of the National Science and Technology Forum (NSTF) Science, Engineering and Technological Societies and Allied Professions Group (NSTF-ProSET), and Vice-President of the Federation of African Societies of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

Prof Hoosen Coovadia is Emeritus Professor of Paediatrics and Child Health, UKZN. He is Director: Maternal Ado- lescent and Child Health, Wits and Commissioner at the National Planning Commission in the Presidency. He has been the recipient of some of the highest awards for work in health and human rights from both national and international organisations.

21 Prof Johann Mouton is Director of the Centre for Research on Evaluation, Science and Technology (CREST) and Di- rector of the African Doctoral Academy at Stellenbosch University (SU).

Prof Zeblon Vilakazi is the DVC Research and Postgradu- ate Affairs at Wits and Extraordinary Professor at UP.

Prof Brenda Wingﬁ eld is Deputy Dean in the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences and Professor of Ge- netics at UP. She also served as the Chair of the National Science and Technology Forum (NSTF) until recently.

NACI Representative

Dr Shadrack Moephuli is the President and Chief Execu- tive Ofﬁ cer of the Agricultural Research Council (ARC).

22 Council Advisors

Prof Wieland Gevers is Emeritus Professor of Medical Bio- chemistry and former Senior DVC at UCT. He is a former President of ASSAf (1998 – 2004) and is a Fellow of TWAS and a recipient of the National Order of Mapungubwe (Silver).

Prof John Mubangizi is a Professor of Law at UKZN. He is also DVC and Head of the College of Law and Manage- ment Studies at the university.

Prof Nyameko Barney Pityana was the Rector of the College of the Transﬁ guration, Grahamstown. He is the former Principal and Vice-Chancellor of Unisa. He was Chairperson of HESA and Chairman of the African Coun- cil for Distance Education.

Council Member Attendance of Council Meetings in 2014/15 The ASSAf Council met four times during 2014/15. Ofﬁ ce-bearers’ attendance (excluding Prof Berjak) of the Council meetings averaged 88% (See Record of Attendance at ASSAf Council meetings), while the average attendance rate of non-ofﬁ ce-bearers, including the advisors to Council), was 77%.

Council Member Attendance Prof Rob Adam 3 Prof Ahmed Bawa 3 Prof Patricia Berjak 2 Prof Stephanie Burton 3 Prof Hoosen Coovadia 2 * Prof Wieland Gevers 3 Prof Sunil Maharaj 2 **Dr Shadrack Moephuli 0 Prof Johann Mouton 3 * Prof John Mubangizi 3 Prof Iqbal Parker 4 * Prof Nyameko Barney Pityana 4 Prof Daya Reddy 4 Prof Himla Soodyall 4 Prof Zeblon Vilakazi 2 Prof Brenda Wingﬁ eld 2 * Advisors ** Appointed 1 February 2015 23 1.2 Membership

The core function of any national science academy is to honour the country’s most outstanding scholars by electing them to Membership of the Academy. ASSAf Members are drawn from the full discipline spectrum as shown in the ﬁ gure below. Of these, 25% are women and 28% black.

Twenty-three new Members were elected during the reporting period. Another round of nominations and elections will be conducted in mid-2015.

Members elected in 2014 were:

Name Afﬁ liation Discipline Prof Marion Bamford University of the Witwatersrand Earth Sciences Prof Markus Böttcher North-West University Physical Sciences Prof Wim de Villiers Stellenbosch University Health/Medical Sciences Prof Eno Ebenso North-West University Physical Sciences Prof Liesel Ebersöhn University of Pretoria Humanities Prof Sabiha Essack University of KwaZulu-Natal Health/Medical Sciences Prof Shireen Hassim University of the Witwatersrand Social Sciences Prof Salome Kruger North-West University Health/Medical Sciences Prof Sekhar Ray University of South Africa Physical Sciences Prof Neerish Revaprasadu University of Zululand Physical Sciences Prof Fanus Viljoen University of Johannesburg Earth Sciences Prof Charles Wiysonge Stellenbosch University Health/Medical Sciences Prof Jeanet Conradie University of the Free State Agricultural Sciences Prof Amanda Gouws Stellenbosch University Social Sciences Prof Robert Mattes University of Cape Town Social Sciences Prof Dhayendre Moodley University of KwaZulu-Natal Health/Medical Sciences Prof Opara Linus Stellenbosch University Technological/Engineering Sciences Dr Nesri Padayatchi University of KwaZulu-Natal Health/Medical Sciences Prof Laurence Piper University of the Western Cape Humanities Prof Christian Rogerson University of Johannesburg Social Sciences Prof Mohamed Seedat University of South Africa Social Sciences Prof Sheona Shackleton Rhodes University Life Sciences Prof Ivan Turok Human Sciences Research Council Economic Sciences

24 The Council approved emeritus Membership for the following Members: Professors HC (Hennie) Sny- man and JD (Daan) van Wyk. A Member may become an emeritus Member from the beginning of the year in which the Member turns 70 years of age.

Five Members of the Academy passed away during the year. They were Professors Helen Laburn, Patricia Berjak, Sandra Burman, Darragh O’Donoghue and Benito Makhala Khotseng. The total Membership of ASSAf at the end of March 2015 stood at 441.

See Annexure A for a list of ASSAf Members.

1.3 Infrastructure – Personnel and Physical

Activities of the Academy are supported by a secretariat of 33 full-time staff. The secretariat is headed by an Executive Ofﬁ cer, Prof Roseanne Diab.

The staff complement at the end of the 2014/2015 fi nancial year was as follows: Executive Offi cer: Prof Roseanne Diab Chief Operations Offi cer: Dr Xola Mati Financial Manager: Mr Morakeng Chiloane Administration Offi cer – Finance: Mr Nkosinathi Madonsela Administration Offi cer – Finance: Mr Sihle Manqele Administration Offi cer – General: Ms Lebo Makgae Liaison Manager: Mr Stanley Maphosa Senior Liaison Offi cer: Ms Dorothy Ngila Senior Liaison Offi cer: Dr Siyavuya Bulani Junior Liaison Offi cer: Ms Thandi Badugela Junior Liaison Offi cer: Ms Constance Manyelli National Liaison Offi cer: Ms Renate Venier Senior Programme Offi cer: Ms Phakamile Mngadi Programme Offi cer: Ms Zuki Mpiyakhe Programme Offi cer: Ms Nadia Weitz Programme Offi cer: Ms Phyllis Kalele Project Administrative Offi cer: Mr Ian Nkateko Shendelana Communication Manager: Ms Patricia Scholtz Communication Offi cer: Ms Henriëtte Wagener Director: Scholarly Publishing Unit: Ms Susan Veldsman SciELO Operations Manager: Ms Louise van Heerden SciELO Planning Manager: Ms Ina Smith Education Liaison Offi cer: Mr Tsepo Majake Senior Project Offi cer: Ms Desré Stead Project Offi cer: Mr Mohau Moja Project Offi cer: Ms Tracy Lukhele Junior Project Offi cer: Mr Msimelelo Dingiswayo Junior Project Offi cer: Mr Tyrone Ngonyama Junior Project Offi cer: Mr Menzi Nhlenyama Managing Editor, SAJS: Dr Linda Fick Online Publishing Administrator: Ms Nadine Wubbeling Human Resources Manager: Ms Lynette du Plessis Cleaner: Ms Jeanette Tshilongo

The periodical publications of the Academy, viz. the South African Journal of Science (SAJS) and Quest: Science for South Africa magazine are staffed by part-time contract editors who are supported in their editorial function and in the production of the journals by the full-time staff of the ASSAf secretariat.

The ASSAf secretariat is located in rented premises in Persequor Technopark, Pretoria.

25 26 2 Policy Advisory Programme

In order for ASSAf to fulﬁ l its science advisory role in support of policy development regarding key challenges facing the nation, a variety of consensus studies is undertaken. In the reporting year, ASSAf has undertaken and produced two consensus studies, i.e. The State of Green Technologies in South Africa and The State of Energy Research in South Africa.

In addition to the in-depth consensus studies, ASSAf produces concise policymakers’ booklets and sym- posia proceedings reports; the latter represent the products of various convening activities of ASSAf, which in 2014/15 included topics such as nuclear energy; mental, neurological and substance use (MNS) disorders; and green technologies.

ASSAf also localises international Academy reports, as such reports represent considerable investment of human and ﬁ nancial resources.

Over and above their role in supporting policy development, evidence-based study activities provide an important mechanism for establishing and strengthening international links, securing external project- related funding and in mobilising ASSAf Members to volunteer their service on committees and panels.

Studies generally fall into broad categories related to: health; education; humanities; climate change; energy; the science-policy nexus; biosafety and biosecurity, and science for the reduction of poverty and inequality. Once concluded, considerable effort is expended in disseminating the ﬁ ndings and ensuring effective uptake of the recommendations.

In addition to evidence-based studies on various topics, ASSAf also conducts policy commentaries.

ASSAf’s science advisory activities are guided by its Standing Committees, which provide strategic direction and guidance. ASSAf has Standing Committees on Health; Scholarly Publishing in South Africa; Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Education; Biosafety and Biosecurity; Hu- manities; and Science for the Reduction of Poverty and Inequality.

The Academy’s full suite of evidence-based projects is summarised below.

2.1 Health Studies

Diversity in Human Sexuality: Implications for Policy in Africa ASSAf ﬁ nalised a study on diversity in human sexuality in March 2015. The report was undertaken in collaboration with the Uganda National Academy of Sciences.

Although two-thirds of countries in the world no longer outlaw lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) relationships, same-sex relationships are still illegal in 76 countries. There is evidence that such laws precipitate negative consequences not just for LGBTI persons and communities, but also for societies as a whole, including the rapid reversal of key public health gains, increases in levels of social violence, and the diversion of attention from sexual and other violence against women and children.

Thirty-eight of fi fty-three African nations criminalise homosexuality, thereby imposing varying degrees of legislative restrictions on sexual desires and practices, and on the fulfi lment of the human rights of individuals. Furthermore, the stigmatisation and criminalisation of homosexuality has made public health interventions, particularly with respect to HIV prevention and treatment, diffi cult to implement effectively. This report examines the extent to which science supports any of the arguments in favour of criminalising sexual and gender diversity. The report received a very positive response in the form of an editorial and an article in the prestigious scientifi c journal, Nature.

Mental, Neurological, and Substance Use (MNS) Disorders ASSAf has a strong focus on health issues of the nation and through its convening inﬂ uence, hosted a workshop on The Implementation of Core Competencies for Mental, Neurological and Substance Use (MNS) Disorders from 27 – 28 May 2014 in Johannesburg. The workshop was attended by stakeholders from government (national and provincial), academia, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), civil society organisations (CSOs) and professional association/council representatives.

27 The key objectives of the workshop were: to identify and discuss the key challenges in the implementation of core competencies for MNS disorders; and to explore the best strategies and opportunities that can be adapted by the different stakeholders for effective implementation of these core competencies.

According to the South African Depression and Anxiety Group (SADAG), one in six South Africans suf- fers from disorders such as anxiety, depression or substance use; this excludes disorders such as bipolar or schizophrenia. Due to inadequate resources in managing this burden, less than 16% of patients receive treatment.

Workshop participants and speakers identiﬁ ed and discussed a number of overarching key challenges and gaps when it comes to addressing MNS disorders adequately in South Africa.

A proceedings report (http://www.assaf.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/ASSAF-MNS-Report-FI- NAL-WEB.pdf) on the workshop has subsequently been produced and disseminated widely.

Reconceptualising Education and Training of an Appropriate Health Workforce for the Improved Health of the Nation This study followed from a workshop on the Education of Health Professionals held in 2012 when it was recognised that there is a need for a consensus view on the education and training of health professionals and other healthcare workers in South Africa to consolidate current efforts and enhance new efforts to address the severe quantitative and qualitative shortfall in the health workforce.

ASSAf was identiﬁ ed as the most appropriate body to undertake such a study which commenced in 2014, with seed funding from the US Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) facilitated by the Stellenbosch University Rural Medical Education Partnership Initiative (SURMEPI). The study will be aligned with other initiatives concerning the development of health professionals. The study is led by Prof Jimmy Volmink from SU.

2.2 Biosafety and Biosecurity Studies

State of Biosafety and Biosecurity in South Africa The study has been ﬁ nalised and the report will be produced early in the new ﬁ nancial year. The project had the following objectives:  assessment of research and diagnostic laboratories in South Africa;  assessment of existing legislation and regulations in relation to biosafety and biosecurity;  investigation into the applicability and balance of relevant ethical principles;  evaluation of existing measures and capacity to detect, identify, control, and prevent the natural, accidental or deliberate spread of infectious agents.

The consensus study report will present the ﬁ ndings of a systematic assessment of the state of biosafety and biosecurity in South Africa and will make recommendations to address the weaknesses and gaps identiﬁ ed.

Research and development in the life sciences are important elements of South African growth and development and are essential to address the needs of the country. It was thus imperative that ASSAf contributes towards ensuring that life science research in South Africa is conducted safely, securely and ethically. This is in the interests of all South Africans and in the interests of the life science community.

2.3 Energy and Environment Studies

The State of Energy Research in South Africa The Academy was contracted by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) and its partner organisation, the Renewable Energy Centre of Research and Development (RECORD), to undertake an in-depth study on The State of Energy Research in South Africa.

The study aimed to improve the understanding of the energy research landscape in South Africa in order to support the South African National Energy Development Institute (SANEDI) to fulﬁ l its functions in terms of energy research support and co-ordination. The study is seen as an important baseline assessment that can inform future energy research investment in the country.

28 The study (http://www.assaf.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/ASSAF-MNS-Report-FINAL-WEB.pdf), published in August 2014, found that inadequate coordination, insufﬁ cient funding and skills shortages threaten South Africa’s energy future.

According to the study report, investments in coal research and development are inadequate de- spite the fact that coal will dominate South Africa’s energy supply for the foreseeable future. Clean coal technologies are also not sufﬁ ciently funded, carbon capture and storage research programmes are insufﬁ cient and the bulk of coal research and development (R&D) is being performed by only four entities.

Signiﬁ cant R&D investment is needed in renewable energy if national targets are to be met and better coordination is needed to avoid fragmentation of R&D efforts.

Key recommendations of the study relate to a formal coordination mechanism to guide energy and energy-related R&D investment, increased funding and the prioritisation of human capital development in the sector.

The study proposes that government departments with an energy budget establish a formal coordination mechanism, in accordance with the recommendations of the National Development Plan (NDP), with a mandate to steer, plan and coordinate energy and energy-related R&D funded with public money, eliminate gaps and overlaps, taking into account national imperatives and priorities.

State of Green Technologies in South Africa The implementation of green technologies is an integral part of South Africa’s green economy. ASSAf undertook a consensus study on green technologies that was commissioned by the DST and was published in November 2014 (http://www.assaf.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/ASSAF-MNS-Report- FINAL-WEB.pdf).

The study documents the green technologies currently used in South Africa. It also identiﬁ es gaps in and opportunities for the use of these technologies, and makes recommendations to promote the growth of green technologies.

While South Africa has enabling legislation, the study proposes better coordination between the various government departments involved, and more efﬁ cient systems with clearer targets to instil certainty in the market and make South Africa a leader in green technologies. South Africa’s uptake of green technologies is currently below that of its Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa (BRICS) partners.

There has been progress in the energy sector. Energy-efﬁ cient technologies, renewable energy technologies and technologies to reduce the environmental impacts of coal are receiving attention, although more is needed. Major investments have been made in both the public and private sectors.

The study recommends that South Africa should play a role in developing green technologies, rather than merely implementing them. Priorities need to be set and niche areas identiﬁ ed. Government should see itself as more than an enabler of green technologies, and actively shape the market through sound investments in R&D, education and training, and market incentives.

Currently, the implementation of green technologies is subject to a long and cumbersome application process, involving multiple agencies, and there is a shortage of skills for processing applications. The study proposes that the government facilitate the process, enabling green innovation to ﬂ ourish.

The study also recommends that South Africa’s need to create jobs, alleviate policy and transform society should inform green technology investment strategies, but not override other considerations. Government should encourage private sector and consumer-driven investments in green technologies, especially technologies that present opportunities for export to SADC countries or the rest of Africa.

South Africa’s Technical Readiness to Support Hydraulic Fracturing During the reporting year, ASSAf was commissioned by the DST to undertake a consensus study on the country’s technical readiness to support hydraulic fracturing.

29 29 The main objective of the study is to establish the readiness of the science, engineering and technical sectors of South Africa to support shale gas exploration and exploitation in South Africa. The study will be completed by mid-2015.

Impacts of Artisanal Gold Mining in Sudan ASSAf jointly held a workshop on the Impacts of Artisanal Gold Mining in Sudan with the Sudanese Na- tional Academy of Sciences (SNAS) on 2 and 3 September 2014. It was hosted by the Future University in Khartoum. Speakers from Sudan and South Africa gave various presentations on artisanal and small- scale mining.

Many African countries are experiencing difﬁ cult economic conditions and a high rate of unemployment and poverty in their communities. Over the years, artisanal gold mining has been a source of income generation for many communities.

Although artisanal mining, especially gold mining can be a good source of economic income, the illegal nature and malpractices can be damaging to the environment, surface and ground water resources and health of the untrained miners and communities. Careless use of chemicals, especially mer- cury, and disposal of polluted water, can threaten the available water resources and the food chain.

A joint workshop proceedings report by SNAS and ASSAf was produced and widely disseminated to other African academies and relevant stakeholders. In addition, SNAS will issue a policy statement that will be presented to the government of Sudan.

Environment and Health Symposium ASSAf, in collaboration with Leopoldina and as part of a bilateral agreement, is planning a symposium on the environment and health which will be held in June 2015. Topics that will be highlighted are air pollution, metals exposure, water pollution and solar radiation.

Participants, including 22 young scientists, drawn from across Africa will be invited to attend the symposium.

2.4 Education and Humanities Studies

STEM Education Standing Committee The Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Standing Committee has two ongoing initiatives, the Agricultural Education and Training (AET) consensus study and the La main à la pâte (LAMAP) pilot project, and is planning a workshop on Mathematics for March 2015.

Agricultural Education and Training ASSAf is undertaking a consensus study on AET, with its main aim being to identify the challenges facing the AET sector in South Africa and to provide recommendations that will ensure efﬁ cient and effective education and training. The study is funded by the ARC and the Oppenheimer Memorial Trust (OMT).

The ASSAf AET panel took part in the 15th Standard Bank Centre for Agribusiness Imbizo which was hosted by the Standard Bank Agribusiness Centre, SU and the National Research Foundation (NRF) on 16 Sep- tember 2014 at the NRF. The Imbizo was held as a think-tank around AET in the context of the vision and targets set out in the NDP and the current ongoing ASSAf consensus study on AET.

30 To date, the panel has held provincial workshops in all nine provinces with AET stakeholders. The panel is expected to ﬁ nalise the consensus study at the end of 2015 and it will be published and launched in 2016.

La main à la pâte (LAMAP) Pilot Project An innovative intervention to stimulate learners’ interest in science based on the French Académie des sciences programme known as LAMAP was launched in November 2012 by ASSAf in collaboration with the French Academy, as part of the France-South Africa Season.

A group of South African trainers drawn predominantly from Gauteng higher education institutions (HEIs) was trained in inquiry-based science education (IBSE) by two French trainers.

The programme was implemented as a pilot project in ten primary schools in the Tshwane District. The ten schools consist of township schools from Mamelodi, Attridgeville and Eersterust and the previously Model C schools around Pretoria. It is being implemented with the cooperation of the Gauteng Depart- ment of Education and the Tshwane South District. The project has experienced funding challenges that have hampered implementation.

The pilot project will be evaluated in 2015 and a decision taken on its future.

Humanities Standing Committee Activities in the Humanities ﬁ eld are overseen by a Standing Committee on the Humanities, which was established in 2012 following one of the recommendations of the ASSAf consensus study on The State of Humanities in South Africa. The study aimed at examining the status and role of the Humanities in South Africa and suggesting ways to strengthen and advance the contribution of the Humanities to national life and development in South Africa.

An international conference entitled On Being Controversial: The Humanities Reach Out was held from 26 to 27 June 2014 in Pretoria, with Prof Craig Calhoun, Director of the London School of Economics and Political Science, as keynote speaker.

The conference sought to unlock the questioning spirit of the Humanities and, in doing so, showcases their range and relevance for contemporary South Africa. The immediate focus of the conference was South Africa in its twentieth year of democracy and a series of encounters was arranged on topics such as: Satire, Literature, University and Society, Artistic Representation vs Hate Speech, Marikana and other Daily Massacres, Decent Work, The City, Families in Changing South Africa and Poverty.

The conference was attended by 150 delegates, which included well-known public intellectuals, academics and other social commentators.

2.5 Poverty Studies

ASSAf originally constituted its Standing Committee on Science for Poverty Alleviation (CSfPA) to contribute to one of the ﬁ ve new national missions outlined in South Africa’s Research and Development (R&D) Strategy. Over the past few years, a number of forum-type studies on selected topics relevant in the ﬁ ght to alleviate poverty in South Africa have been conducted.

A revitalised Committee on Science for the Reduction of Poverty and Inequality was constituted during the reporting year and held its ﬁ rst meeting in November 2014.

The committee is planning a workshop on poverty lines in June 2015.

31 32 3 Scholarly Publishing Programme

The Scholarly Publishing Programme (SPP) is regarded as a major intervention within the NSI in South Af- rica. The strategic goal of the SPP is to enhance the national capacity to produce and publish research, on the one hand, and to increase the quality and visibility of South African research publications, on the other.

Progress in the full suite of activities of this programme is summarised below.

3.1 Open Access Platform (SciELO-SA)

During the past year, steady progress was made in the growing of titles and articles on the open access platform, SciELO-SA, for high-quality South African scholarly journals. The SciELO-SA Collection grew from 36 to 51 titles (http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php? script=sci_alphabetic&lng=en&nrm=iso).

There are currently 831 issues on the platform and 12 816 articles. From January to December 2014, the SciELO-SA site was visited 832 447 times, at an average of 2 281 visits per day, compared to 619 669 in total visits for the year 2013 at an average of 1 698 visits per day. In 2014, the platform has seen a 34% increase in visits.

The 2nd Annual SciELO-SA Users’ Group meeting was held in Cape Town on 29 July 2014. Editorial and publishing matters of interest to the SciELO-SA editors were presented and discussed. Speakers included two international speakers, Jean-Claude Guédon from the University of Montréal and Lars Bjornshauge from the Directory of Open Access Journals; as well as national presentations from Thomson Reuters on notable trends as a result of SciELO being part of the Web of Knowledge (WoK).

3.2 National Scholarly Book Publishers’ Forum (NSBPF)

The National Scholarly Book Publishers’ Forum (NSBPF) focuses on scholarly book publishing and was inaugurated in 2011. In 2014, the NSBPF held their annual meeting at the University of the Witwatersrand.

The following themes were presented: Digital Humanities and Scholarly Book Publishing; Role and Re- sponsibilities of the Department of Higher Education and Training and their Interface with the Scholarly Publishing Unit; Wiser/UCT Proposal around a Possible Open Access book platform. An international speaker, Dr Lucy Montgomery from the United Kingdom – Knowledge Unlimited, closed the meeting with a presentation on a consortium of library subscriptions model to a collection of e-books and then making them available through open access.

3.3 Peer Review of South African Scholarly Journals

The reports of the Health Sciences and Related Medical Fields (http://www.assaf.co.za/wp-content/ uploads/2011/10/Health-Science-30.9.2014-2.pdf) and the Law and Related Legal Fields (http://www. assaf.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Health-Science-30.9.2014-2.pdf) discipline-grouped peer reviews of South African scholarly journals have been published, bringing to ﬁ ve the number of reviews published thus far.

The Humanities Part 1 report is in the ﬁ nal stages of production and a further eight peer-review panels will commence their work shortly.

3.4 National Scholarly Editors’ Forum (NSEF)

The NSEF has become an entrenched event in the ASSAf annual calendar and attendance has risen markedly since its inception. It is aimed at enhancing the quality of editing and management of scholarly journals. The 8th Annual Meeting of the National Scholarly Editors’ Forum of South Africa was held on 30 July 2014.

33 The annual meeting is an opportunity for journal editors to exchange information and knowledge, but is also an excellent networking occasion. Issues such as piracy publishing and quality peer review were discussed at the forum.

Two international speakers, Jean-Claude Guédon from the University of Montréal and Lars Bjornshauge from the Directory of Open Access Journals also addressed this meeting. Other themes of the meeting were the quality of peer review; predatory publishing – what it is, hijacked South African journals and the importance of publishing in reputable, high-quality journals.

3.5 Memorandum of Agreement between DHET, DST and ASSAf

Joint Working Groups comprising ofﬁ cials from the DST, DHET and ASSAf were established in 2012 to for- malise collaboration among these entities. It was agreed to focus on:  Access to core commercial databases.  Peer review of scholarly journals, books and conference proceedings.  Open access platform for SA scholarly journals.

Funding from the DHET was allocated to these projects.

3.5.1 Access to Core Commercial Databases

A signiﬁ cant barrier to real improvement in the scholarly performance of South Africa’s researchers is lack of access to international literature. To address this problem, a national site license/s for access to high cost, commercial electronic full-text and other journal databases is under investigation.

During July 2014, ASSAf established an Advisory Committee to advise on a draft implementation framework, as well as ﬁ nancial models, for the National Site License Project. Information has been gathered on all the subscriptions in higher education institutions and research councils. This information has been used to develop models for possible subscription options, as well as to establish the value and impact of such an initiative for research and higher education institutions.

An outline for a business case was presented and discussed at the second Advisory Committee meeting held in February 2015. A draft implementation framework has also been discussed with Higher Educa- tion South Africa (HESA).

The current status of the project is that a substantive business case has been completed and is awaiting discussion by the Advisory Committee, whereafter the ﬁ nal report will be submitted to the DHET, to be discussed with the DST.

3.5.2 Peer Review of Scholarly Journals, Books and Conference Proceedings

ASSAf assisted DHET in the evaluation of new journal applications, conference proceedings and books for subsidy purposes. The DHET focused on technical compliance with the policy, whereas ASSAf focused on content and quality and provided DHET with a report on each item under consideration.

It has been decided that ASSAf will undertake these evaluations in the future.

3.5.3 Open Access Platform for SA Scholarly Journals

During 2014, SciELO-SA embarked on a project whereby journals that could benefi t from deeper fi les to allow for better search results were identifi ed. Backfi les would increase the searchability of the platform by end users. This project included 3 958 backfi le articles that were electronically converted and marked up.

3.6 Open Access Interventions for Research and Development in Africa

UNESCO, NASAC, the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Kenya National Academy of Sciences, the African Academy of Sciences, and the Kenyan Ministry of Education, Sciences and Technology participated in a Consultative Forum on Open Access: Towards High-level Interventions for Research and Development in Africa. The two-day consultation, which took place in Nairobi on 29

34 and 30 January 2015, brought together 45 high-level policymakers and experts representing 20 African countries.

The meeting was intended as a springboard to consolidate and promote a regional approach in advancing the open access agenda in Africa. Discussions covered a wide spectrum of scholarly communication issues, ranging from new approaches to journal publishing, capacity building, national policy, peer review, curation and intellectual property.

UNESCO indicated that they are prepared to play a consultative role, and work with African countries interested in working towards a national open access policy. UNESCO also made a call for training centres to build capacity and expertise on open access philosophies and systems.

Following this meeting, ASSAf has submitted a letter to UNESCO, in which ASSAf’s interest in working with UNESCO on a national SA open access policy was expressed; as well as the possibility of establishing a UNESCO open access training node for SA. A draft NASAC open access Statement was submitted to NASAC, to be shared and further discussed by the various stakeholders.

3.7 Review of the Journal of Energy in Southern Africa and the Energy Research Newsletter

The DST requested ASSAf to submit a proposal to review the Journal of Energy in Southern Africa and the Energy Research Newsletter. The DST has been supporting the Energy Research Knowledge Manage- ment Programme (publication of the Journal of Energy in Southern Africa and Energy Management News) since 2006. The programme is being managed by the Energy Research Centre (ERC) at the Uni- versity of Cape Town. The existing three-year contract was nearing its expiry date and a review of the programme is now due. The aim of the review is to determine whether DST is getting an appropriate return on its investment in the journal and newsletter and whether the goals of the DST are being served by these publications. An unpublished ﬁ nal report was submitted to and accepted by the DST.

3.8 South African Journal of Science (SAJS)

The South African Journal of Science, now in its 111th year of publication, is a multidisciplinary journal. The journal publishes original work of importance in any ﬁ eld which will interest readers from more than one discipline. Research contributions, which are peer reviewed, consist of Review Articles, Research Articles and Research Letters. The front section of the journal serves as a forum for debate about recent developments in research and in higher education and covers News, News Features, Book Reviews, Obituaries, Commentaries, Correspondence and News and Views articles.

The journal is available in electronic and print format. In 2014, the ASSAf Council decided to discontinue the distribution of complimentary hard copies, with effect from the July/August 2014 issue, with the exception of 20 copies for marketing purposes,. The result of this decision was a reduction in the print run from 700 to 100 copies and a concomitant cost saving (from an 80% contribution to production costs to a 50% contribution).

From January 2014, electronic versions of the full issues have been produced, including a new reading format – an ‘easy-to-read’ online format that is ideal for browsing on tablets and other mobile devices. Links to these full digital issues are included in the ‘Highlights of the Issue’ – which also include the full Table of Contents and summaries of featured articles – sent at the culmination of each issue. ‘Highlights of the Issue’ are distributed electronically to local and international researchers, local media and other stakeholders. The number of recipients of the ‘Highlights of the Issue’ increased from 2 000 in January 2014 to over 5 300 currently. These emails have been very effective in directing trafﬁ c to the journal’s website. The average daily number of visits almost doubles on days on which the highlights of the issue are distributed. During the course of 2014, there were 44 500 visits to the journal’s website (which excludes the submission site), of which 32 000 were new visitors – an increase of 18% over the previous year. About 40% of visits to the website emanated from South Africa.

The Web of Science (WoS) impact factor increased from 0.84 in 2013 to 1.03 in 2014, placing it at 20th in the Web of Science ranking of 55 multidisciplinary journals. The journal also ranked second, at 14% – mar-

35 ginally behind the South African Medical Journal at 16% – of total visits to all the titles on the SciELO-SA platform. In terms of the rejection rate – which is a more reliable indicator of quality – the journal’s overall rejection rate in 2014 was 89%.

There has been enormous growth in the number of formal submissions to the journal – an average of 20% per year over the last ﬁ ve years. In 2014, there were 468 submissions from 54 countries: 43% of submissions were from South Africa, 12% from China, 11% from the rest of Africa and 8% from India.

To further increase the awareness and impact of the journal, social media pages were launched in May 2014. To date, there are 279 Posts and 527 Likes on the Facebook page and 256 Followers, 388 Tweets and 95 Retweets. Software will be implemented in the future to assess the impact of the journal via these informal channels and to convey this impact to authors, readers and other stakeholders.

36 4 Liaison Programme

The purpose of this programme is to establish, strengthen and sustain productive collaborations with national, African and overseas organisations with a view to enhancing capacity in science and technology, and its application within the NSI.

The programme is divided into international and national liaison activities. International activities are aimed at establishing and maintaining effective relations with strategic international partners, such as national science academies and academy networks and other global scientiﬁ c organisations. On a national level, the programme aims to establish, strengthen and enhance interactions with key stakeholders, such as national government departments, policymakers in government and relevant national organisations.

The programme is also responsible for capacity development, ensuring that South African scientists are exposed to opportunities available inside and outside South Africa. The participation of girls and women and young scientists in science, technology and innovation (STI) are promoted.

4.1 International Liaison Activities

4.1.1 Strategic Partnerships

InterAcademy Partnership Over the past two decades, academies of science and medicine have aligned themselves into three major global networks – IAP: the Global Network of Science Academies, the InterAcademy Council (IAC) and the InterAcademy Medical Panel (IAMP) – in order to build on and amplify their individual strengths when facing pressing global issues. These three inter-related organisations have now formed an umbrella organisation – the InterAcademy Partnership (IAP) - bringing together established global networks of academies with the goal of maximising the contributions of science toward understanding and solving the world’s most challenging problems. The three existing networks, the IAP, IAC and IAMP, will each retain their own governance structures and will be known as IAP-Policy, IAP-Research and IAP- Health respectively.

The ASSAf President serves on the Executive Committee of the IAP and is the IAC Co-chair. Prof Jimmy Volmink serves on the IAMP Executive Committee.

IAMP Executive Committee 37 IAP General Assembly and Conference ASSAf successfully bid to host the IAP General Assembly and Conference in February/March 2016 in Hermanus. The conference theme is science advice which is aligned to global science-policy agendas such as sustainable development goals, and science and technology for development dialogues, giving an opportunity for the voice of African scientists and policymakers to be heard. The meeting will be a combination of keynote lectures and roundtable discussions.

IAMP ASSAf, through its Membership and Health Standing Committee nominated and endorsed two young physicians to attend the IAMP Young Physician Leaders’ (YPLs) meeting that was held as a side event at the World Health Summit in Berlin in October 2014. The 2014 YPLs were Dr Kopano Matlwa Mabaso and Dr Tolu Oni.

IAC The ASSAf President, who serves as Co-chair of the IAC, steered the ﬁ nalisation of the summative review of the 11-year African Science Academy Development Initiative (ASADI) programme. The review panel was chaired by Prof Turner Isoun, former Minister of Science and Technology, Nigeria. The report was subsequently presented to both the ASADI Board and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

The review concluded that the initiative had been a signiﬁ cant success – both in terms of meeting its stated objectives and in its broader impacts on the development of the African science academies that it had supported. The review also recommended that the successor to ASADI should be shaped and delivered within Africa.

TWAS ASSAf continues to maintain a close relationship with TWAS, which is headquartered in Trieste, The 25th TWAS Conference and General Assembly was convened in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman in October 2014. Two South African researchers, Dr Collet Dandara of UCT and Dr Henok Kinfe of UJ, were inducted as TWAS young afﬁ liates at the meeting. Prof Quarraisha Abdool Karim was awarded the prestigious 2014 TWAS-Lenovo Science Prize in Biological Sciences. Prof Roseanne Diab, ASSAf Executive Ofﬁ cer, served for the second consecutive year on the TWAS election committees and also serves on the Gen- der Advisory Panel of TWAS.

Recognising the importance of strengthening cooperation and reinforcing the impact of TWAS’ activities in sub-Saharan Africa, with effect from 1 March 2015, ASSAf was selected as the host of the TWAS Regional Offi ce for sub-Saharan Africa (TWAS-ROSSA). ASSAf provides secretariat support to the regional offi ce, and coordinates efforts to promote the activities of TWAS and its affi liated organisations in sub- Saharan Africa, ASSAf as the new host of TWAS-ROSSA aims to: 1. Enhance the visibility of TWAS among young and promising scientists, policymakers and media through, for example, the organisation of public lectures, discussion meetings with local newspa- pers/magazines and other fora. 2. Identify eminent scientists in the region and nominate them for TWAS membership and awards. 3. Assess the vitality and effectiveness of TWAS’ activities in the region. 4. Organise activities in areas of science and technology that are of critical importance to the region.

International Council for Science (ICSU) In September 2014, the ICSU General Assembly was held in New Zealand. Professors Daya Reddy and Cheryl de la Rey were elected as President-Elect, to assume the position in 2017, and Ordinary Member, respectively, on the ICSU Board. It is expected that Prof Reddy will assume ICSU leadership in 2016. Addi- tionally, Prof Roseanne Diab attended the ﬁ rst global meeting on science advice to governments which was organised by Prof Sir Peter Gluckman, Chief Science Advisor to the Prime Minister of New Zealand, and held in conjunction with the ICSU General Assembly.

ASSAf received a formal confi rmation from the Director-General, DST that it will host the ICSU Regional Offi ce for Africa (ROA) from May 2015. ASSAf has fi nalised the discussions regarding the transition of the offi ce with the National Research Foundation. Hosting of ICSU ROA provides an opportunity to synergise and strengthen activities of both organisations in Africa.

38 4.1.2 Overseas Collaboration

ASSAf - German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina Having signed an MoU in 2013 with the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, ASSAf hosted a planning meeting of an environment and health symposium which will be hosted jointly by ASSAf and Leopoldina in June 2015. This will be the ﬁ rst activity to be implemented formally under the ASSAf-Leopoldina MoU. It was further agreed that the two academies will also collaborate in joint activities in the areas of pure mathematics and mathematics education.

ASSAf - Indian National Science Academy ASSAf facilitated a scholarly visit of Prof Neera Sarin from the Indian National Science Academy in June 2014 to various institutions in South Africa where she presented lectures under the auspices of the ASSAf- INSA MoU.

Commonwealth Science Conference For the ﬁ rst time in nearly 50 years, Commonwealth scientists came together under the auspices of the Royal Society (London) for a ground-breaking conference in Bangalore, India in November 2014 that showcased some of the best science from around the world. The ASSAf President served on the conference steering committee and was responsible for identifying delegates from Africa. Prof Anu- suya Chinsay-Turan was a plenary speaker. Through their involvement, ASSAf facilitated the invitation to participate at the conference of at least 60 African science academy members, young scientists and postgraduate students.

ESASTAP Plus ASSAf partnered with a number of organisations (based in South Africa and Europe) in the implementation of the European-South African Science and Technology Advancement Programme (ESASTAP) Plus, an instrument that aims to strengthen technology, research and innovation cooperation between South Africa and the European Union (EU). ASSAf was engaged in road shows to disseminate information about Horizon 2020, and ﬁ nalised the ﬁ rst quantitative report on the analysis of South Africa’s participation in Framework Programme 7.

US – Africa Summit In August 2014, on the sideline of the US-Africa Summit hosted by President Obama, the US Nation- al Academies hosted a symposium on science and technology. ASSAf was represented by Professors Daya Reddy and Roseanne Diab. Minister Naledi Pandor gave a keynote address, and the ASSAf leadership also had various meetings with potential partners.

British Academy Al-Rodhan Prize on Transcultural Understanding ASSAf successfully nominated Prof Jonathan Jansen for the Al-Rodhan Prize in 2014, which he was awarded at a prize-giving ceremony at the British Academy on 30 September 2014.

UK Academies of Science Since the announcement of the establishment of the Newton Fund by the UK government, ASSAf has sought to engage the UK academies of science namely; the Royal Society, the Royal Society of Chem- istry, the Academy of Medical Sciences and the British Academy to establish linkages. ASSAf has begun collaborations ranging from young scientists activities to enhancing science communication and scien- tiﬁ c skills with these academies.

ASSAf – Academia Sinica ASSAf hosted a delegation from Academia Sinica, Republic of China, Taiwan in July 2014. The academies have agreed to explore joint activities in areas such as energy and health.

4.1.3 Africa Collaboration

AMASA-10 The annual meeting of African Science Academies (AMASA) took place in Kampala, Uganda in No- vember 2014, hosted by the Uganda National Academy of Sciences (UNAS).

The aim of the conference was to bring together key stakeholders in development in Africa – civil society organisations, development partners, government, and the private sector – in a neutral environ-

39 ment to have a discussion on the evidence and their experiences surrounding country ownership, with a special emphasis on how to promote local ownership of Africa’s development agenda in the post-2015 era. A consensus report titled Mindset Shifts for Ownership of Our Continent’s Development Agenda was launched at the meeting.

The meeting also marked the conclusion of the multi-year ASADI programme aimed at strengthening the capacity of the African academies to inform policymaking through evidence-based advice. South Africa was represented by Professors Roseanne Diab, Robin Crewe, Cheryl de la Rey, Mr Cecil Masoka (DST), and Ms Dorothy Ngila.

A key achievement was the introduction of a session focused on gender and Africa’s development agenda. The session was initiated and sponsored by ASSAf and will become a regular feature of future AMASA meetings.

ASSAf – Ethiopian Academy of Science In May 2014, ASSAf hosted Prof Masresha Fetene, Executive Director, Ethiopian Academy of Sciences (EAS) for a visit to ASSAf to learn about the nature and structure of ASSAf activities. Subsequently, ASSAf also hosted Prof Tsige Gebre-Mariam, chair of the EAS consensus study on the establishment of a science granting council in June 2014. ASSAf facilitated meetings with the NRF and DST.

NASAC ASSAf is represented on the Network of African Science Academies (NASAC) Board by Professors Bar- ney Pityana (Secretary-General) and Robin Crewe (Immediate Past-President). ASSAf hosted two continental meetings on behalf of NASAC on health and climate change. Additionally, two ASSAf staff members were recipients of fundraising skills training at a workshop held by NASAC in Nairobi in August 2014. ASSAf endorsed the following NASAC publications: Water Security in Africa, Biotechnology in Africa, and Climate Change Adaptation.

ASSAf is a key partner in the implementation of Phase 2 of a NASAC-Leopoldina project aimed at building the capacities of African science academies.

The 10th NASAC General Assembly was held in October 2014 in Rabat, Morocco hosted by Hassan II Academy of Science of Morocco. Member academies endorsed the membership applications of Académie Nationale des Sciences du Burkina (ANSB) and Académie Nationale des Sciences et Tech- nologies du Congo (ANSTC), which increased the membership of NASAC to 21. NASAC has begun compiling and disseminating a newsletter to its member academies, named, The Science Networker.

ASSAf – Sudanese National Academy of Science (SNAS) In June 2014, ASSAf hosted Prof Suad Sulaiman, SNAS Board member where it was agreed to explore other possible areas of collaboration between the two academies. ASSAf and SNAS subsequently hosted a joint workshop in September 2014 in Khartoum, Sudan on artisanal mining.

Africa’s Science Academy Development Agenda (ASADA) AMASA-10 hosted by UNAS in November 2014 marked the end of support for these annual meetings by ASADI, the 11-year capacity building programme, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and implemented by the US NAS. At AMASA-10, the IAC review report of ASADI was also presented. Stemming from these two signiﬁ cant milestones, it was agreed that there was a need to chart the way forward for science academy development in the continent and that a draft strategic plan would be compiled by ASSAf, the Uganda National Academy of Sciences (UNAS),the Nigerian Academy of Sci- ence (NAS), US NAS and NASAC. It was also agreed that a meeting of science academies in Africa would be convened by ASSAf to deliberate on the strategic plan.

In February 2015, ASSAf, with support from DST, hosted this workshop, bringing together members of the NASAC board and secretariat, presidents or their representatives, and/or executive directors of 15 Af- rican science academies, and representatives from nine African academy development partners. At this meeting, Africa’s Science Academy Development Agenda (ASADA) strategic plan was endorsed by academies present. This presents a concrete plan of action for academy development on the continent conceptualised and driven by African science academies.

40 4.2 Women in Science Activities

The national chapter of the Organisation for Women Scientists in the Developing World (OWSD) through which all ASSAf activities on gender in STI are implemented has established a presence online with a website, Twitter and Facebook as a way of communicating with its members, similar organisations and persons/organisations with an interest in gender and STI. The OWSD executive committee chaired by Prof Jennifer Thomson continues to provide strategic direction to OWSD activities and met several times in 2014.

Women for Science: Inclusion and Participation in IAP Member Science Academies In 2006, the InterAcademy Council (IAC) published a report titled, Women for Science: An Advisory Report, aimed at providing information and recommendations to academies of science on the importance of the full inclusion of women in STI activities. One of the recommendations of the IAC report was the importance of continually collecting gender-disaggregated data from science academies, and reporting these data regularly. This study aimed at undertaking the ﬁ rst comprehensive survey of IAP member academies to ascertain the inclusion and participation of women scientists. The survey was supported by IAP and coordinated by ASSAf, together with three partners: the OWSD, the Inter-Ameri- can Network of Academies of Science (IANAS) and NASAC. The results indicate that there is a need for signiﬁ cant improvements in the membership and participation of women scientists in academy activities.

GenderInSITE - Consultative Workshop on Gender and Agriculture in the SADC Region As the southern African focal point for Gender in Science, Innovation, Technology and Engineering (GenderInSITE), ASSAf hosted the ﬁ rst project workshop for GenderInSITE southern Africa in October 2014. It took place at the STIAS Wallenberg Research Centre in Stellenbosch. The focus of the discussions was on gender and agriculture where initial contextual data were presented about the SADC region. Key target audiences/stakeholders were identiﬁ ed for further dialogue and implementation of the project for 2015.

Gender, Ownership, and the Post-2015 Agenda ASSAf hosted a roundtable discussion during the AMASA-10 meeting in Kampala, in order to promote the ideals of GenderInSITE and to raise awareness on the importance of gender considerations within the sustainable development goals. The panel comprised the following people: Professors Roseanne Diab (Moderator); Mohamed Hassan (Gender and the Role of Science Academies); Oyewale Tomori (Gender and Health); Cheryl de la Rey (Gender and Africa’s Higher Education) and Alice Pell (Gender and Agriculture). It was decided that future AMASA meetings would incorporate a discussion on gender.

Meeting with SADC Secretariat A meeting, facilitated by Ms Anneline Morgan (SADC), was held in early March 2015 at the SADC head- quarters, Gaborone between the SADC secretariat and the GenderInSITE southern Africa focal point. The purpose of the meeting was to communicate GenderInSITE activities and objectives, to gain an understanding of the SADC programmes and to identify areas of potential collaboration.

GenderInSITE/SPRU Workshop and Coordinating Group Meeting In March 2015, the OWSD SA National Chapter, which serves as the southern Africa focal point for Gen- derInSITE, participated in a workshop titled, Exploring the Knowledge and Innovation Policy Interface and its Gender Dimension hosted by the Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU) of the University of Sussex, with the objective of allowing participants to explore the connections between science, innovation, technology and engineering knowledge and policy and gender-equitable sustainable development in order to establish a basis for collaboration in these areas. OWSD SA also participated in discussions on the development of the GenderInSITE policy direction and its Plan of Action for 2015 was approved.

4.3 National Liaison Activities

Recognition of Excellence through Awards ASSAf Science-for-Society gold medals are the apex awards of the Academy and the South African science system and are awarded in recognition of outstanding achievements by individuals. Up to two gold medals are awarded per annum for outstanding achievement in scientiﬁ c thinking for the beneﬁ t of society.

41 This year two awardees were selected:

Prof Quarraisha Abdool Karim is the Associate Director of the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Re- search in South Africa (CAPRISA) in Durban, South Africa and Professor of Epidemiology at Columbia University. Through her ground-breaking AIDS research, advocacy and leadership, Karim has had a profound impact on HIV prevention science, policy and programmes. In addition to providing the fi rst evidence that antiretroviral drugs prevent sexual transmission of HIV in women, she has made seminal contributions in depicting the evolving HIV epidemic over the last 25 years, quantifying its impact on young women and leading the fi rst post-democracy government’s AIDS response in South Africa. Her global leadership in HIV prevention is illustrated by her role as the International Scientifi c Programme Co-chair of the XIX International AIDS Conference held in Washington in 2012 and invited plenary pres- th th entations at the XII and XIV International AIDS Conferences.

The other recipient, Prof Jonathan Jansen, is Vice-Chancellor and Rector of the University of the Free State and President of the South African Institute of Race Relations. He holds a PhD from Stanford Univer- sity, the MS degree from Cornell University, and honorary doctorates of education from the University of Edinburgh (Scotland), Cleveland State University (USA), and the University of Vermont (USA, 2014). He is a Fellow of the American Educational Research Association and a Fellow of TWAS. His book Knowledge in the Blood: Confronting Race and the Apartheid Past (Stanford 2009) was listed as one of the best books of that year by the American Libraries Association. His new book, Schools that Work, uses video- documentaries to capture what happens inside disadvantaged schools which nevertheless produce the best results in physical science and mathematics in South Africa.

AU-TWAS Prize for Young Scientists The AU-TWAS award scheme aims to recognise and reward talented young scientists in Africa.

The AU-TWAS Prize for Young Scientists in South Africa is managed by ASSAf, on behalf of its partners, the African Union Commission, TWAS and the DST. The recipient should be under the age of 40, living and working in South Africa, and have a record of research publications in internationally recognised science journals.

Two young scientists were recognised at the annual awards ceremony in October 2014 for the prestigious AU-TWAS Young Scientists’ National Award. The prize in Life and Earth Sciences was awarded to Dr Keren Middelkoop from the University of Cape Town and Prof De Wet Swanepoel from the University of Pretoria received the prize for Basic Science, Technology and Innovation.

Committee of Heads of Organisations for Research and Technology (COHORT) ASSAf continues to act as secretariat to the Committee of Heads of Organisations for Research and Technology (COHORT).

42 COHORT has become an important forum for the Minister of Science and Technology to engage the CEOs of Science Councils and public research institutions. The CEOs have found this to be an important forum to coordinate elements of strategy and to keep abreast of activities being undertaken.

A new COHORT Executive Committee was elected during a plenary meeting held on 26 November 2014. With Mr Dhesigen Naidoo (CEO: Water Research Commission) as its new Chair, the Executive Committee comprises: Dr Linda Makuleni (Deputy Chair) – CEO: South African Weather Services Dr Shadrack Moephuli – CEO: Agricultural Research Council Dr Sandile Malinga – CEO: South African National Space Agency Dr Gansen Pillay (Interim) – National Research Foundation

Regional and National Lectures Scholarly lectures provide an opportunity for South African researchers to engage with leading international scholars and at the same time raise the proﬁ le of the Academy and promote relations with other organisations.

ASSAf annually hosts two Distinguished Visiting Scholars, who give a series of public lectures around the country.

Renowned Swedish astrophysicist, Prof Bengt Gustafsson, visited South Africa during February/March 2015 as the 2014/15 ASSAf Distinguished Visiting Scholar. Prof Gustafsson delivered a serious of lectures on astronomy at various universities and institutions around the country, including UCT, the South African Astronomical Observatory, the Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), the NRF, NWU (both campuses) and UP.

A second Distinguished Visiting Scholar, Prof Zakri Abdul Hamid of Malaysia, presented a series of public lectures in March 2015. The topics included The Role of Science for Sustainable Development, Politics of Biodiversity Loss, and Science Advice in National Development. The lectures took place at SU, NRF, UKZN and Wits. Prof Hamid has had a distinguished career in science as a researcher, educator, administrator and diplomat. He serves as the Science Advisor to Malaysia’s Prime Minister and as one of 26 members of the United Nations Secretary-General’s Scientiﬁ c Advisory Board.

The Academy also hosted a public lecture by Prof Meagan Mauter, member of ASSAf’s panel on Hy- draulic Fracturing, during her recent visit to South Africa. The lecture was held on 2 February 2015 at UCT and was titled Technology and Management Practices to Minimise the Human and Environmental Risks of Unconventional Natural Gas Extraction.

Regional lectures, in collaboration with the Royal Society of South Africa, were offered on a regular basis throughout 2014/2015 at UCT.

43 44 5 Communication and Publications Programme

The purpose of this programme is to provide effective and targeted communication with ASSAf stakeholders to support the vision of the Academy to be the apex organisation of science and scholarship in South Africa and to manage and produce all printed material for the Academy. These range from ASSAf’s ﬂ agship journal, the South African Journal of Science (SAJS), to non-periodical publications for ASSAf’s various workshops and studies.

The science magazine, Quest: Science for South Africa, is published by ASSAf and is aimed at engender- ing understanding of and an interest in science amongst schoolchildren.

5.1 Marketing of the Academy

ASSAf utilises the advantages of electronic communication optimally and has a well-established inter- net presence (www.assaf.org.za) and dedicated websites, such as the website for the SAJS (www.sajs. co.za), an ASSAf blog, in which reader interaction is encouraged by addressing topical subjects, and a website for online scientiﬁ c writing (www.assaf.org.za/osc/). All websites are managed internally. The Academy has also embraced social media in the form of Twitter and has started using this medium to publicise its activities.

The Academy is also proﬁ led and branded in its publications, dissemination and promotion of its products, i.e. evidence-based research reports, among relevant stakeholders, through the release of press statements and promotion of Academy activities, among others, in its quarterly electronic newsletter.

During the reporting year, the opinion of the Academy was sought by the media regarding a variety of science and academic topics and ASSAf activities received widespread print and broadcast media attention. Twenty-one media statements were released and the Academy was marketed at seven science events.

ASSAf took part in the DST exhibition during the S&T Budget Vote at Parliament. ASSAf’s evidence-based reports were showcased.

The printed and online media are monitored regularly to determine uptake and impact of Academy activities.

Each issue of the popular science magazine, Quest, features news on the Academy.

5.2 Production, Publishing and Dissemination of Reports

ASSAf produced and disseminated high-quality print versions of periodical publications such as the SAJS, Quest, quarterly Science for Society electronic newsletter and Annual Report and non-periodical study reports, workshop proceedings, policymakers’ booklets and policy commentaries.

Periodical publications are produced timeously; and study reports are produced in a variety of formats from concise to full versions. All publications are disseminated widely to ASSAf stakeholders.

The following reports were produced and printed:  The State of Energy Research in South Africa – 2014  The State of Green Technologies in South Africa – 2014  The State of Green Technologies in South Africa Concise – 2015  The Research Experience of Young Scientists in South Africa – 2014 – Published by: South African Young Academy of Science (SAYAS). Produced by ASSAf.  Report on Grouped Peer Review of Scholarly Journals in the Health Sciences and Related Medi- cal Journals – 2014  Report on Grouped Peer Review of Scholarly Journals in Law and Related Legal Fields – 2014  The Implementation of the Core Competencies for Mental, Neurological and Substance Use Disorders – 2014  Our Nuclear Future – Delay or Demise – 2014

455 5.3 Public Awareness of Science

ASSAf promotes awareness of science amongst the public and particularly among the youth through the publication and dissemination of Quest: Science for South Africa science magazine, release of press statements and active participation in key national science events.

Quest: Science for South Africa is a full-colour, quarterly, popular science magazine directed at a target audience comprising learners, educators and the public.

With a print run of 25 000 per issue, Quest is widely distributed free of charge to public high schools with science departments and at national science events. In the reporting year, ASSAf attended seven youth-speciﬁ c science events/olympiads. SciFest 2014 was the biggest with more than 70 000 learners visiting the festival. At the NSTF, Eskom and Mintek competitions, ASSAf sponsored free one-year subscriptions of Quest for all the gold category winners.

An Impact Stakeholder Engagement Workshop was held on 16 April 2014. The workshop was attended by 22 participants and included representatives from the formal and informal education sectors. Discussions also focused on youth interaction and the so-called new wave society where e-media and especially social media are increasingly being used.

Information requirements of the new generation of knowledge consumers call for a fundamental mindshift with regard to packaging and dissemination of information. To allow for an encompassing and systematic approach it was proposed that the following aspects derived from the workshop input be researched and addressed to form part of the overall strategy: dissemination; distribution; online presence; content; outreach programmes.

46 6 South African Young Academy of Science

6.1 Introduction

The South African Young Academy of Science (SAYAS) was founded in September 2011 to be the representative voice of young scientists in South Africa. SAYAS aims to contribute to the national strategic priority of strengthening the skills and human resource base of the country, with a focus on the next generation of scientists.

SAYAS objectives are:  Promoting SAYAS and its value-adding initiatives.  Advancing scientiﬁ c excellence for South Africa and Africa.  Inﬂ uencing science policy.  Translating science for society to promote science awareness.

Since its inception, SAYAS has inaugurated 50 members who were selected based on their academic excellence and service to society.

In its quest to support the growth of SAYAS, ASSAf continued to provide secretariat support to the young academy.

6.2 Science Spaza Inaugural Meeting

The SAYAS school science clubs project was initiated at Modiri High School in Ga-Rankuwa in June 2014, in partnership with Jive Media and funded by the South African National Energy Development Institute (SANEDI). This project aims to get learners and educators excited about science through a hands-on engagement supported with appropriate resources.

6.3 Water Security Colloquium

SAYAS hosted a two-day interdisciplinary colloquium on water security in June 2014 at UKZN. The event generated a consensus statement on issues related to water security in South Africa to inform policy and evidence-based practice.

6.4 Science for Society Symposium

In September 2014, SAYAS hosted a Science for Society Symposium at SU, where issues in relation to the philosophies of science, science and society and African science philanthropy were explored.

6.5 New SAYAS Members Inaugurated

SAYAS inaugurated the following ten young scientists, comprising 50% male and 50% female and from all racial groups, to its membership in 2014 at a joint inauguration ceremony with ASSAf. The ten new SAYAS members were selected from 57 nominations and represent highly skilled individuals across the science spectrum.

Surname Name Title Institution Gender Age Race Province Area of specialisation University of Mechanical Akinlabi Esther Dr Female 38 Black Gauteng Johannesburg Engineering University of Western Ataguba John Dr Male 35 Black Health Economics Cape Town Cape University Pharmaceutical Du Toit Lisa Dr of the Female 31 White Gauteng Sciences Witwatersrand Nelson Man- dela Metro- Eastern Labour and Social Govindjee Avinash Prof Male 37 Black politan Univer- Cape Security Law sity

47 47 Surname Name Title Institution Gender Age Race Province Area of specialisation University of Free Le Roux Aliza Dr Female 36 White Cognitive Ecology the Free State State Advanced Gert Stellenbosch Western Oosthuizen Dr Male 30 White Manufacturing Adriaan University Cape Technologies University of Muscular Potgieter Marnie Dr Female 30 White Gauteng Pretoria Dystrophy University of International Saurombe Amos Prof Male 36 Black Gauteng South Africa Economic Law University of Vearey Joanna Dr the Witwa- Female 34 White Gauteng Urban Health tersrand University of Western Experimental Yacoob Sahal Dr Male 36 Black Cape Town Cape Particle Physics

6.6 SAYAS General Assembly

SAYAS also held its annual General Assembly in October 2014 at the NRF, where new projects for 2015 were discussed and the following people were elected as Executive Committee members: 1. Tolu Oni (Co-chair) 2. Voster Muchenje (Co-chair) 3. Tiaan Oosthuizen* (Executive Member) 4. Amanda Weltman (Executive Member) 5. Aliza le Roux (Executive Member) 6. Sahal Yacoob* ( Executive Member)

* Sahal Yacoob was nominated as an executive member following Tiaan Oosthuisen’s resignation

6.7 Young Scientists’ Annual Conference

The ASSAf annual young scientists’ conference was held in October 2014 in Pretoria. The conference was aligned to the 2014 African Union theme Agriculture and Food Security and focused on the following thematic areas:  achieving food security post-2015;  gender and agriculture;  agriculture, food and nutrition nexus;  agriculture and climate change;  food security and health.

48 Eighty-one participants attended the conference, with 48 oral and poster presentations. Delegates represented science councils, higher education institutions in South Africa and outside South Africa, as well as young scientists based within government departments and the private sector. In addition, a science communication workshop – with a focus on social media communication was presented by the South African Agency for Science and Technology Advancement (SAASTA).

6.8 SAYAS Blog

SAYAS held a national blogging competition for PhD students in South Africa. The goal of the competition was to launch the new SAYAS blog (www.sayasblog.com ) in which the four competition winners would contribute monthly entries on what it takes to be a PhD student in this country. The site was launched in April 2015, with three women and one man leading the ﬁ rst series of chronicles on what it takes to be a young scientist in South Africa.

6.9 SAYAS Networking Meeting

The networking meetings have been borne out of a need for SAYAS members to be actively involved in SAYAS activities and are held in KwaZulu-Natal and the Western Cape. The meetings entailed building working relations and brainstorming on potential SAYAS projects. The meetings held in Durban and Cape Town respectively, provided a platform to build relations amongst SAYAS members. As a result, SAYAS members have proposed to develop a student-supervisor guidelines booklet to be distributed to universities in the country; discussed the importance of encouraging transdisciplinary science to postgraduate students, and assisting postdoctoral fellows in setting up science discussion forums. Oth- er potential SAYAS projects discussed include energy security, transport and public health. In Gaut- eng, there was an opportunity to meet with Prof Howard Alper, IAP Co-chair and a key supporter of young academies movement around the world. There will be a follow up meeting in September 2015.

49 50 7 South African Academy of Engineering (SAAE) Activities

The South African Academy of Engineering (SAAE) provides access to the knowledge and experience of its 177 members, who are all eminent engineers from all engineering disciplines. SAAE promotes excellence in the science and application of engineering for the beneﬁ t of the people of South Africa and the technological welfare of the nation by offering independent, evidence-based advice.

In this endeavour, SAAE collaborates with academic and scientiﬁ c institutions with a similar mission and maintains bilateral relations with academies in other countries.

During the past year SAAE undertook the following activities in pursuit of these goals.

7.1 National Activities

7.1.1 Academy Lectures

The 2013 Academy Lecture, The Wicked Challenge of Sustaining South Africa’s Water Security, by Prof Mike Muller was presented in Gauteng on 18 June 2014 in the Dorothy Suskind Auditorium, Wits. The lecture was attended by 70 people and followed by a reception where SAAE Fellows and visitors had the opportunity to meet with Prof Muller.

The 2014 Academy Lecture, Opportunities for South Africa’s Electricity Power Sector, was presented by Dr Steve Lennon, Eskom Group Executive: Sustainability on 16 October 2014 at UCT. The lecture was open to the public and was attended by about 50 people. In order to promote debate of technological matters affecting South Africa, not only among engineers but also among the public, the SAAE invited Dr Lennon to present the lecture at the Johannesburg Country Club on 16 March 2015 and at the Howard College campus of the University of KwaZulu-Natal in Durban on 23 March 2015. Dr Mike Shand, SAAE Exco Member, presided over the lecture in Durban which was attended by 38 people. The SAAE Deputy President, Mr Trueman Goba, presided over the lecture in Johannesburg which was attended by 20 people.

7.1.2 Workshop of Members of the Academy

The SAAE is seeking to effectively mobilise the knowledge and experience of its Fellows to fulﬁ ll its mission of providing independent, evidence-based advice. The Academy strives to be the preferred source of independent advice from an engineering perspective for the beneﬁ t of the public, both nationally and regionally, and is engaging with Fellows and prominent opinion-formers on ways in which the Academy can best mobilise the expertise of its members in order to reach this objective.

The ﬁ rst workshop, which was attended by 18 Fellows, was held in Cape Town on 26 March 2015. The workshop commenced with four presentations on how Fellows could contribute to the Academy fulﬁ lling its role. The outcome of this and similar workshops planned for the near future will assist the Executive Committee in formulating an action plan for the Academy.

7.1.3 Induction of New Fellows

Three new Fellows were elected in June 2014 and were inducted during induction dinners held in Gauteng and the Western Cape in October 2014 and November 2014 respectively. Prof Ian Jandrell, Dean of the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment at the University of the Witwatersrand was the guest speaker at the Gauteng dinner and Prof Hansie Knoetze, Dean of the Faculty of Engi- neering at the Stellenbosch University, was the guest speaker at the Western Cape dinner.

51 The new Fellows are:

Name Position Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Stellenbosch Basson, Gerrit University Muller, Floris Petrus Johannes Director/CEO, MLS Test Systems (Pty) Ltd Watermeyer, Ronald Basil Director, Infrastructure Options (Pty)Ltd

7.2 International Activities

7.2.1 Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences (CAETS)

The Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) hosted the 22nd CAETS Council Meeting and Conference in the Great Hall of the People, Beijing, China from 1 – 4 June 2014. The SAAE was represented by Mr Bob Pullen (President), Mr Trueman Goba (Deputy President), Dr Mike Shand (Executive Committee member) and Fellow Prof Philip Lloyd. The theme of the Conference was Engineering and the Future of Humankind. Dr Shand presented a paper at the session on Environment and Green Development.

Prof Lloyd serves on the CAETS Council Energy Sub-committee charged with preparing a report on the Issues Facing Nations When Moving from a Traditional Energy Economy to a Low Carbon Emission Alternative. This Committee met after the Conference and submitted a progress report to Council. Mr Bob Pullen and Fellow Philip Lloyd attended a further meeting of the CAETS Energy Committee in Ber- lin in November 2014. Fellow Lloyd, who represents the SAAE on this Committee, played a prominent role in compiling and editing the report.

In Berlin, Mr Pullen represented member academies of CAETS in a meeting with representatives of the InterAcademy Partnership, which is a global network of science academies, regarding opportunities for cooperation between IAP and CAETS and between their respective member academies.

Funding for the SAAE afﬁ liation fee to CAETS and attendance at the annual meetings in China was covered by a grant from DST.

52 7.2.2 German National Academy of Science and Engineering (acatech)

Discussions with acatech are still in progress regarding proposals for raising relationships between our two Academies to a higher level through active cooperation.

7.2.3 14th SETMI Conference with China

The 14th Science, Engineering and Technology Management and Innovation (SETMI) Conference with representatives from China took place on 27 and 28 November 2014 in the TUT Library Auditorium on the Main Campus in Pretoria West. SAAE was represented by Dr James Maina, a member of the SAAE Executive Committee. Dr Maina delivered a paper at the conference entitled Sustainable Pavement Design and Analysis.

7.3 Cooperation with ASSAf

At the end of March 2014, SAAE was invited by ASSAf to nominate candidates to serve on a panel for an ASSAf project for the DST on The Preparedness of South Africa for Shale Gas Exploitation by Hydraulic Fracturing. SAAE Fellows Prof Cyril O’Connor and Dr Mike Shand were appointed to the ASSAf panel. Prof O’Connor was appointed Chairman of the panel whose inaugural meeting took place in Pretoria on 29 and 30 May 2014. The study will be completed by mid-2015.

53 54 8 Annual Financial Statements for the Year ended 31 March 2015

Audit Committee Report ...... 56

Council’s Responsibilities and Approval ...... 57

Council’s Report ...... 58

Independent Auditor’s Report to Parliament on the Academy of Science of South Africa .59

General Information ...... 65

Statement of Financial Position ...... 66

Statement of Financial Performance ...... 67

Statement of Changes in Net Assets ...... 68

Cash Flow Statement ...... 69

Statement of Comparison of Budget and Actual Amounts ...... 70

Accounting Policies ...... 71

Notes to the Annual Financial Statements ...... 82

55 Audit Committee Report

We are pleased to present our report for the ﬁ nancial year ended 31 March 2015.

Audit Committee Responsibility

The Audit Committee reports that it is in the process of revising its terms of reference and aligning itself with the responsibilities arising from Section 51 (a) (ii) of the Public Finance Management Act and the Treasury Regulation 3.1.13. We further report that the Committee has discharged its responsibilities within its current terms of reference.

The Effectiveness of Internal Control

The internal audit function is currently outsourced and provides the Audit Committee and management with assurance on the effectiveness of the internal controls. The Audit Committee and management intend to engage the internal audit function in order to ensure that internal controls are responsive and are aligned to the principles of good governance and are effective and efﬁ cient. The Audit Committee also intends to take corrective measures and suggested enhancement of the controls and processes as identiﬁ ed and recommended by the external auditors. ASSAf has complied with the requirement to submit the quarterly reports to the Executive authority.

External Auditors

The Audit Committee accepts the conclusions of the external auditors on the annual fi nancial statements and is of the opinion that the audited fi nancial statements should be accepted by Council. All fi ndings by the external auditors were discussed with management and corrective steps are to be considered and undertaken with a view to ensuring that they are implemented.

Evaluation of Financial Statements

The Audit Committee has reviewed and discussed the audited annual ﬁ nancial statements to be included in the annual report. The Audit Committee concurs with and accepts the conclusions of the external auditors on the ﬁ nancial statements and the internal controls.

ProfProf S MaharaMaharajj Chairperson: Audit Committee 28 July 2015

56 Council’s Responsibilities and Approval

The Council is required by the Public Finance Management (PFMA) Act (Act No 1 of 1999), to maintain adequate accounting records and are responsible for the content and integrity of the annual fi nancial statements and related fi nancial information included in this report. It is the responsibility of the Council to ensure that the annual fi nancial statements fairly present the state of affairs of the entity as at the end of the fi nancial year and the results of its operations and cash fl ows for the period then ended. The external auditors are engaged to express an independent opinion on the annual fi nancial statements and was given unrestricted access to all fi nancial records and related data.

The annual ﬁ nancial statements have been prepared in accordance with Standards of Generally Recognised Accounting Practice (GRAP) including any interpretations, guidelines and directives issued by the Accounting Standards Board.

The annual ﬁ nancial statements are based upon appropriate accounting policies consistently applied and supported by reasonable and prudent judgements and estimates.

The Council acknowledge that they are ultimately responsible for the system of internal fi nancial control established by the entity and place considerable importance on maintaining a strong control environment. To enable the Council to meet these responsibilities, the Council sets standards for internal control aimed at reducing the risk of error or defi cit in a cost-effective manner. The standards include the proper delegation of responsibilities within a clearly defi ned framework, effective accounting procedures and adequate segregation of duties to ensure an acceptable level of risk. These controls are monitored throughout the entity and all employees are required to maintain the highest ethical standards in ensuring the entity’s business is conducted in a manner that in all reasonable circumstances is above reproach. The focus of risk management in the entity is on identifying, assessing, managing and monitoring all known forms of risk across the entity. While operating risk cannot be fully eliminated, the entity endeavours to minimise it by ensuring that appropriate infrastructure, controls, systems and ethical behaviour are applied and managed within predetermined procedures and constraints.

The Council is of the opinion, based on the information and explanations given by management, that the system of internal control provides reasonable assurance that the fi nancial records may be relied on for the preparation of the annual fi nancial statements. However, any system of internal fi nancial control can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance against material misstatement or defi cit.

The Council has reviewed the entity’s cash fl ow forecast for the year to 31 March 2016 and, in the light of this review and the current fi nancial position, they are satisfi ed that the entity has or has access to adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future.

Although the Council is primarily responsible for the ﬁ nancial affairs of the entity, they are supported by the entity’s external auditors.

The external auditors are responsible for independently reviewing and reporting on the entity’s annual ﬁ nancial statements.

The annual ﬁ nancial statements set out on pages 59 to 91, which have been prepared on the going concern basis, were approved by the Council and were signed on its behalf by:

29 July 2015 D Reddy Date

57 Council’s Report

The Council submit their report for the year ended 31 March 2015.

1. Review of activities

Main business and operations

Net surplus of the entity was R 1 957 141 (2014: surplus R 1 449 224).

2. Going concern

The annual ﬁ nancial statements have been prepared on the basis of accounting policies applicable to a going concern. This basis presumes that funds will be available to ﬁ nance future operations and that the realisation of assets and settlement of liabilities, contingent obligations and commitments will occur in the ordinary course of business.

3. Subsequent events

The Council is not aware of any matter or circumstance arising since the end of the ﬁ nancial year.

58 Independent Auditor’s Report to Parliament on the Academy of Science of South Africa Report on the Financial Statements Introduction

1. We have audited the fi nancial statements of the Academy of Science of South Africa set out on pages 66 to 91, which comprise the statement of fi nancial position as at 31 March 2015, the statement of fi nancial performance, statement of changes in net assets, and cash fl ow statement and of the statement of comparison of budget and actual amounts for the year then ended, as well as the notes, comprising a summary of signifi cant accounting policies and other explanatory information. The accounting authority’s responsibility for the fi nancial statements

2. The Council, which constitutes the accounting authority, is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these ﬁ nancial statements in accordance with the Standards of Generally Recognised Accounting Practice (GRAP) and the requirements of the Public Finance Management Act (PFMA) of South Africa, 1999 (Act No 1 of 1999) and for such internal control as the accounting authority determines is necessary to enable the preparation of ﬁ nancial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. Auditor’s responsibility

3. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these ﬁ nancial statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing. Those standards require that we comply with ethical requirements, and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the ﬁ nancial statements are free from material misstatement.

4. An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the fi nancial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgement, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the fi nancial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair presentation of the fi nancial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the fi nancial statements.

5. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufﬁ cient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion. Opinion

6. In our opinion, the fi nancial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the fi nancial position of the Academy of Science of South Africa as at 31 March 2015 and its fi nancial performance and cash fl ows for the year then ended, in accordance with GRAP and the requirements of the PFMA.

59 Report on other legal and regulatory requirements

7. In accordance with the Public Audit Act of South Africa, 2004 (Act No 25 of 2004) and the general notice issued in terms thereof, we have a responsibility to report ﬁ ndings on the reported performance information against predetermined objectives for the selected objectives presented in the annual report, compliance with legislation and internal control. We performed tests to identify reportable ﬁ ndings as described under each subheading but not to gather evidence to express assurance on these matters. Accordingly, we do not express an opinion or conclusion on these matters. Predetermined objectives

8. We performed procedures to obtain evidence about the usefulness and reliability of the reported performance information for the following selected objectives presented in the annual performance report of the entity for the year ended 31 March 2015:

 Programme 2: Scholarly Publishing on pages 33 to 36.

 Programme 3: Policy Advisory on pages 27 to 31.

9. We evaluated the reported performance information against the overall criteria of usefulness and reliability.

10. We evaluated the usefulness of the reported performance information to determine whether it was presented in accordance with the National Treasury’s annual reporting principles and whether the reported performance was consistent with the planned objectives. We further performed tests to determine whether indicators and targets were well defi ned, verifi able, specifi c, measurable, time bound and relevant, as required by the National Treasury’s Framework for managing programme performance information (FMPPI).

11. We assessed the reliability of the reported performance information to determine whether it was valid, accurate and complete.

12. The material ﬁ ndings in respect of the selected objectives are as follows: Programme 2: Scholarly Publishing Usefulness of reported performance information

Presentation

13. No reasons for variances between planned and actual achievements reported in the annual performance report were given for 66% (>20%) of the targets, as required by the National Treasury’s Guide for the preparation of the annual report. This was due to [a lack of documented and approved internal policies and procedures to address reporting requirements.

Consistency

14. Treasury Regulation 30(1)(3)(g) requires the strategic and annual performance plan to form the basis for the annual report, therefore requiring consistency of objectives, indicators and targets between planning and reporting documents. A total of 66% of the targets reported were not consistent with those in the approved strategic plan and annual performance plan. This was because the planned objectives, indicators and targets were changed in the year.

15. Treasury Regulation 30(1)(1) requires the executive authority to approve the strategic and annual performance plan. Therefore, if this plan is changed in the year due to signiﬁ cant policy or mandate changes, the executive authority must also approve the updated plan. Material changes were

60 made to indicators and targets reported in the annual performance report without these changes being approved.

Measurability

16. The FMPPI requires that:  Performance targets must be specifi c in clearly identifying the nature and required level of performance and that the period or deadline for delivery must be specifi ed. A total of 100% of the targets were not specifi c and time bound.

 Indicators must have clear defi nitions so that data can be collected consistently and is easy to understand and use. It must further be possible to validate the processes and systems that produced the indicator, meaning that the indicator must be verifi able. A total of 66% of the indicators were not well defi ned.

This was due to a lack of proper systems and processes for performance planning and management to provide for the development of performance indicators and targets included in the annual performance plan and technical indicator descriptions. Reliability of reported performance information

17. The FMPPI requires auditees to have appropriate systems to collect, collate, verify and store performance information to ensure valid, accurate and complete reporting of actual achievements against planned objectives, indicators and targets. The reported performance information was not valid, accurate and complete when compared to the source information or evidence provided. This was due to the targets being reported in the annual report not being in line with the approved strategic plan. Programme 3: Policy Advisory Usefulness of reported performance information

Presentation

18. No variances for reasons between planned and actual achievements reported in the annual performance report were given for 33% of the targets, as required by the National Treasury Guide for the preparation of the annual report. This was due to a lack of documented and approved internal policies and procedures to address reporting requirements.

Consistency

19. Treasury Regulation 30(1)(3)(g) requires the strategic and annual performance plan to form the basis for the annual report, therefore requiring consistency of objectives, indicators and targets between planning and reporting documents. A total of 33% of the targets reported were not consistent with those in the approved strategic plan and annual performance plan.

This was because the planned objectives, indicators and targets were changed in the year.

Treasury Regulation 30(1)(1) requires the executive authority to approve the strategic and annual performance plan. Therefore, if this plan is changed in the year due to signiﬁ cant policy or mandate changes, the executive authority must also approve the updated plan. Material changes were made to indicators and targets reported in the annual performance report without these changes being approved.

Measurability

20. The FMPPI requires that:  Performance targets must be specifi c in clearly identifying the nature and required level of performance and that the period or deadline for delivery must be specifi ed. A total of 100% of the targets were not specifi c and time bound. This was due to a lack of proper systems and 61 processes for performance planning and management to provide for the development of performance indicators and targets included in the annual performance plan and technical indicator descriptions. Reliability of reported performance information

21. The FMPPI requires auditees to have appropriate systems to collect, collate, verify and store performance information to ensure valid, accurate and complete reporting of actual achievements against planned objectives, indicators and targets. Signiﬁ cantly important targets were not reliable when compared to the source information or evidence provided. This was due to a lack of standard operating procedures or documented system descriptions for the accurate recording of actual achievements.

Additional matter

22. We draw attention to the following matter:

Achievement of planned targets

23. Refer to the annual performance report on pages 19 x to 46 for information on the achievement of the planned targets for the year. This information should be considered in the context of the material ﬁ ndings on the usefulness and reliability of the reported performance information for the selected objectives reported in paragraph(s) 13 to 21 of this report.

Compliance with legislation

24. We performed procedures to obtain evidence that the public entity had complied with legislation regarding fi nancial matters, fi nancial management and other related matters. Our fi ndings on material non-compliance with specifi c matters in key legislation, as set out in the general notice issued in terms of the Public Audit Act (PAA) (Act No 25 of 2004), are as follows:

Procurement and contract management

25. Sufﬁ cient appropriate audit evidence could not be obtained that goods, works and services were procured through a procurement process which is fair, equitable, transparent and competitive as required by the PFMA section 51(1)(a)(iii).

26. Sufﬁ cient appropriate audit evidence could not be obtained that quotations were awarded to suppliers whose tax matters have been declared by the South African Revenue Services to be in order as required by the Preferential Procurement Regulations.

27. The preference point system was not applied in all procurement of goods and services above R30 000 as required by section 2(a) of the Preferential Procurement Policy Framework Act.

62 Expenditure management

28. The accounting authority did not take effective steps to prevent irregular expenditure, as required by section 51(1)(b)(ii) of the Public Finance Management Act.

Financial statements, performance and annual reports

29. The fi nancial statements submitted for auditing were not prepared in all material respects in accordance with the requirements of section 55(1)(a) and (b) of the PFMA and Generally Recognised Accounting Practices (GRAP) statements. Material misstatements of payables from exchange transactions, and of disclosure regarding related parties, remuneration of management and statement of comparison of budget and actual amounts for the year that were identifi ed by the auditors were subsequently corrected by management, which resulted in the fi nancial statements receiving an unqualifi ed audit opinion.

Internal control

30. We considered internal control relevant to our audit of the fi nancial statements, performance report and compliance with legislation. The matters reported below are limited to the signifi cant internal control defi ciencies that resulted in the fi ndings of the performance report and the fi ndings on non-compliance with legislation included in this report.

Leadership

31. Management did not establish oversight policies and procedures to guide supply chain management (SCM) decisions to comply with the applicable legislation.

32. There was a lack of proper systems and processes for performance planning and management to provide for the development of performance indicators and targets included in the annual performance plan and technical indicator descriptions.

Financial and performance management

33. Management did not review and monitor compliance with applicable laws and regulations in relation to supply chain management and to prevent irregular expenditure.

34. Non-compliance with section 55 (1)(a) and (b) of the PFMA could have been prevented had management properly reviewed the amounts supporting the ﬁ nancial statements and the disclosure required in terms of the accounting framework.

SizweNtsalubaGobodo Inc. Anton van den Heever Chartered Accountant (SA) Registered Auditor 31 July 2015

63 64 General Information

Nature of business and principal activities To promote and apply scientiﬁ c thinking in the service of society

Accounting Ofﬁ cers D Reddy P Berjak I Parker S Maharaj R Adam H Coovadia A Bawa B Wingﬁ eld J Mouton Z Vilakazi H Soodyall S Burton S Moephuli

Registered ofﬁ ce 1st Floor Block A, The Woods 41 De Havilland Crescent Persequor Park Meiring Naudé Road, Lynnwood Pretoria 0040

Business address 1st Floor Block A, The Woods 41 De Havilland Crescent Persequor Park Meiring Naudé Road, Lynnwood Pretoria 0040

Postal address P O Box 72135 Lynnwood Ridge Pretoria 0040

Bankers Standard Bank

Auditors SizweNtsalubaGobodo Inc

65 Statement of Financial Position as at 31 March 2015

Note(s) 2015 2014 RR

Assets

Current Assets Other ﬁ nancial assets 5 6 673 776 6 332 124 Receivables from exchange transactions 6 3 138 776 1 073 093 Deposit 175 819 175 819 Cash and cash equivalents 7 5 855 697 9 281 361 15 844 068 16 862 397

Non-Current Assets Property, plant and equipment 3 730 261 611 634 Intangible assets 4 30 183 38 710 760 444 650 344 Total Assets 16 604 512 17 512 741

Liabilities Current Liabilities Payables from exchange transactions 8 2 800 798 2 646 475 National Treasury liability 9 - 3 019 693 2 800 798 5 666 168 Total Liabilities 2 800 798 5 666 168 Net Assets 13 803 714 11 846 573 Reserves Sustainability fund 8 796 079 6 838 938 Operating fund 5 007 635 5 007 635 Total Net Assets 13 803 714 11 846 573

66 Statement of Financial Performance Accounting Policies

Note(s) 2015 2014 R R

Revenue

Revenue from Exchange Transactions Interest received 987 176 638 585 Membership fees 89 970 64 700 Income from publications 421 354 543 002 Workshop income 774 147 157 259 Gains on disposal of assets 321 2 290 Total Revenue from Exchange Transactions 2 272 968 1 405 836

Revenue from Non-exchange Transactions Transfer Revenue Government grants & subsidies 35 045 148 22 219 663 Donations 669 342 970 000 Total Revenue from Non-exchange Transactions 35 714 490 23 189 663 Total Revenue 10 37 987 458 24 595 499

Expenditure Employee related costs 12 (2 894 613) (1 614 010) Depreciation and amortisation 13 (322 358) (258 541) Lease rentals on operating lease 15 (1 163 371) (1 075 831) Repairs and maintenance (2 435) (8 676) General expenses 11 (31 562 630) (20 232 606) Total Expenditure (35 945 407) (23 189 664) Surplus (Deﬁ cit) for the Year 2 042 051 1 405 835 Fair value adjustments (84 910) 43 389 Surplus for the Year 1 957 141 1 449 224

67 Statement of Changes in Net Assets

Sustainability Operating Total Accumulated Total Net Fund Fund Reserves Surplus Assets R R R R R

Balance at 01 April 2013 5 389 714 5 007 635 10 397 349 - 10 397 349 Changes in net assets Surplus for the year - - - 1 449 224 1 449 224 Transfer of capital surplus to 1 449 224 - 1 449 224 (1 449 224) - trust capital Total changes 1 449 224 - 1 449 224 - 1 449 224 Balance at 01 April 2014 6 838 938 5 007 635 11 846 573 - 11 846 573 Changes in net assets Surplus for the year - - - 1 957 141 1 957 141 Transfer of income surplus to 1 957 141 - 1 957 141 (1 957 141) - trust capital Total changes 1 957 141 - 1 957 141 - 1 957 141 Balance at 31 March 2015 8 796 079 5 007 635 13 803 714 - 13 803 714 Note(s)

68 Cash Flow Statement

Note(s) 2015 2014 R R

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Receipts Fees 251 622 3 053 116 Grants 32 694 799 26 209 357 Interest income 987 176 638 586 33 933 597 29 901 059

Payments

Employee costs (2 649 720) (1 614 010) Suppliers (33 850 842) (21 660 511) (36 500 562) (23 274 521) Net Cash Flows from Operating Activities 17 (2 566 965) 6 626 538

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Purchase of property, plant and equipment 3 (424 791) (268 578) Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment 3 2 370 - Purchase of other intangible assets 4 (9 716) (38 710) Acquisition of additional units in fund 5 (426 562) (6 332 122) Net Cash Flows from Investing Activities (858 699) (6 639 410)

Net Increase/(Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents (3 425 664) (12 872)

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 9 281 361 9 294 233 Cash and Cash Equivalents at the End of the Year 7 5 855 697 9 281 361

69 Statement of Comparison of Budget and Actual Amounts

Budget on Cash Basis Approved Adjustments Final Budget Actual Difference Reference Budget R R Amounts between R R on Final Budget Comparable and Actual Basis R R Statement of Financial Performance

Revenue

Revenue from Exchange Transactions

Interest received 400 000 453 841 853 841 987 176 133 335 Membership fees 82 000 - 82 000 89 970 7 970 Income from publications 250 000 171 979 421 979 421 354 (625) Workshops Income 17 500 756 647 774 147 774 147 - Total Revenue from 749 500 1 382 467 2 131 967 2 272 647 140 680 Exchange Transactions Revenue from Non- exchange Transactions

Transfer Revenue Government grants & 29 577 000 2 448 456 32 025 456 35 045 148 3 019 692 Note 21 subsidies Donations - 648 154 648 154 669 342 21 188 Total Revenue from Non- 29 577 000 3 096 610 32 673 610 35 714 490 3 040 880 exchange Transactions Total Revenue 30 326 500 4 479 077 34 805 577 37 987 137 3 181 560 Expenditure Personnel (1 437 143) (859 571) (2 296 714) (2 894 613) (597 899) Note 21

Depreciation and --- (322 358) (322 358) Note 21 amortisation Lease rentals on (1 283 606) - (1 283 606) (1 163 371) 120 235 operating lease Repairs and (13 000) - (13 000) (2 435) 10 565 maintenance - - - - - (30 925 206) - (30 925 206) (31 562 631) (637 425) Note 21 General Expenses Total Expenditure (33 658 955) (859 571) (34 518 526) (35 945 408) (1 426 882) Operating Deﬁ cit (3 332 455) (859 571) (4 192 026) (35 945 408) (31 753 382) Gain on disposal of --- 321 321 assets and liabilities Fair value adjustments - - - (84 910) (84 910) - - - (84 589) (84 589) Deﬁ cit before Taxation - - - (84 589) (84 589) Actual Amount on - - - (84 589) (84 589) Comparable Basis as Presented in the Budget and Actual Comparative Statement

70 Accounting Policies

1. Presentation of Annual Financial Statements

The annual ﬁ nancial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Standards of Generally Recognised Accounting Practice (GRAP), issued by the Accounting Standards Board in accordance with Section 91(1) of the Public Finance Management Act (Act No 1 of 1999).

These annual ﬁ nancial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis of accounting and are in accordance with historical cost convention as the basis of measurement, unless speciﬁ ed otherwise. They are presented in South African Rand.

A summary of the signiﬁ cant accounting policies, which have been consistently applied in the preparation of these annual ﬁ nancial statements, are disclosed below.

GRAP standards have been adopted for the ﬁ rst time in the current year .

1.1 Presentation currency

These annual ﬁ nancial statements are presented in South African Rand, which is the functional currency of the entity.

1.2 Going concern assumption

These annual ﬁ nancial statements have been prepared based on the expectation that the entity will continue to operate as a going concern for at least the next 12 months.

1.3 Signiﬁ cant judgements and sources of estimation uncertainty

In preparing the annual fi nancial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts represented in the annual fi nancial statements and related disclosures. Use of available information and the application of judgement is inherent in the formation of estimates. Actual results in the future could differ from these estimates which may be material to the annual fi nancial statements.

These estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on a going concern basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised, if the revision affects only that period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both the current and future periods. The nature and reasons of the uncertainty, judgement made and the impact to the amounts presented in the ﬁ nancial statements are disclosed on the notes to the ﬁ nancial statements.

Trade receivables/Held to maturity investments and/or loans and receivables

The entity assesses its trade receivables and loans and receivables for impairment at the end of each reporting period. In determining whether an impairment loss should be recorded in surplus or defi cit, management makes judgements as to whether there is observable data indicating a measurable decrease in the estimated future cash fl ows from a fi nancial asset. The impairment is measured as the difference between the debtors carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash fl ows discounted at the effective interest rate, computed at initial recognition.

Fair value estimation

The fair value of the investment is based on market prices at the end of the reporting period. The market price used for ﬁ nancial assets held by the entity is the current bid price.

71 Impairment testing

The recoverable amounts of cash and non-cash generating units and individual assets have been determined based on the higher of value-in-use or fair value less costs to sell. These calculations require the use of estimates and assumptions. It is reasonably possible that the assumption may change which may then impact our estimations and may then require a material adjustment to the carrying value of tangible assets.

The entity reviews and tests the carrying value of assets when events or changes in circumstances suggest that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Assets are grouped at the lowest level for which identifi able cash fl ows are largely independent of cash fl ows of other assets and liabilities. If there are indications that impairment may have occurred, estimates are prepared of expected future cash fl ows for each group of assets.

Provisions

Provisions were raised and management determined an estimate based on the information available.

Useful lives and residual values of assets

The entity reviews residual values of assets to determine if there is a change in the amount that the entity would obtain from disposal of the asset, after deducting the estimated costs of disposal, if that asset was already of the age and condition expected at the end of its useful life.

1.4 Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are tangible non-current assets (including infrastructure assets) that are held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, rental to others, or for administrative purposes, and are expected to be used during more than one period.

The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised as an asset when: • it is probable that future economic beneﬁ ts or service potential associated with the item will ﬂ ow to the entity; and • the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

Property, plant and equipment is initially measured at cost.

The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment is the purchase price and other costs attributable to bring the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management. Trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the cost.

Where an asset is acquired through a non-exchange transaction, its cost is its fair value as at date of acquisition.

Where an item of property, plant and equipment is acquired in exchange for a non-monetary asset or monetary assets, or a combination of monetary and non-monetary assets, the asset acquired is initially measured at fair value (the cost). If the acquired item’s fair value was not determinable, it’s deemed cost is the carrying amount of the asset(s) given up.

When signiﬁ cant components of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

Costs include costs incurred initially to acquire or construct an item of property, plant and equipment and costs incurred subsequently to add to, replace part of, or service it. If a replacement cost is recognised in the carrying amount of an item of property, plant and equipment, the carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised.

72 The initial estimate of the costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located is also included in the cost of property, plant and equipment, where the entity is obligated to incur such expenditure, and where the obligation arises as a result of acquiring the asset or using it for purposes other than the production of inventories.

Recognition of costs in the carrying amount of an item of property, plant and equipment ceases when the item is in the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management.

Major spare parts and stand by equipment which are expected to be used for more than one period are included in property, plant and equipment. In addition, spare parts and stand by equipment which can only be used in connection with an item of property, plant and equipment are accounted for as property, plant and equipment.

Major inspection costs which are a condition of continuing use of an item of property, plant and equipment and which meet the recognition criteria above are included as a replacement in the cost of the item of property, plant and equipment. Any remaining inspection costs from the previous inspection are derecognised.

Property, plant and equipment is subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and any impairment losses.

Property, plant and equipment are depreciated on the straight line basis over their expected useful lives to their estimated residual value.

Depreciation of an asset commences when the asset is ready for its intended use.

Residual values used are amounts obtained from the industry dealers less costs of disposal, taking into account the age and condition expected at the end of asset useful life.

The useful lives of items of property, plant and equipment have been assessed as follows:

Item Average useful life Furniture and ﬁ xtures 5 - 7 years Ofﬁ ce equipment 3 - 5 years Computer equipment 3 - 5 years Computer software 3 - 5 years

The residual value, and the useful life and depreciation method of each asset are reviewed at the end of each reporting date. If the expectations differ from previous estimates, the change is accounted for as a change in accounting estimate.

Reviewing the useful life of an asset on an annual basis does not require the entity to amend the previous estimate unless expectations differ from the previous estimate.

Each part of an item of property, plant and equipment with a cost that is signiﬁ cant in relation to the total cost of the item is depreciated separately.

The depreciation charge for each period is recognised in surplus or deﬁ cit unless it is included in the carrying amount of another asset.

Items of property, plant and equipment are derecognised when the asset is disposed of or when there are no further economic beneﬁ ts or service potential expected from the use of the asset.

The gain or loss arising from the derecognition of an item of property, plant and equipment is included in surplus or deﬁ cit when the item is derecognised. The gain or loss arising from the derecognition of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the net disposal proceeds, if any, and the carrying amount of the item.

73 Assets which the entity holds for rentals to others and subsequently routinely sell as part of the ordinary course of activities, are transferred to inventories when the rentals end and the assets are available-for-sale. These assets are not accounted for as non-current assets held for sale. Proceeds from sales of these assets are recognised as revenue. All cash fl ows on these assets are included in cash fl ows from operating activities in the cash fl ow statement.

1.5 Financial instruments

Classiﬁ cation

The entity classifi es fi nancial assets and fi nancial liabilities into the following categories: • Financial assets at fair value through surplus or defi cit - designated • Loans and receivables

Initial recognition and measurement Financial instruments are recognised initially when the entity becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. The entity classifi es fi nancial instruments, or their component parts, on initial recognition as a fi nancial asset, a fi nancial liability or an equity instrument in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangement.

Financial instruments are measured initially at fair value, except for equity investments for which a fair value is not determinable, which are measured at cost and are classiﬁ ed as available-for- sale ﬁ nancial assets.

Transaction costs on fi nancial instruments at fair value through surplus or defi cit are recognised in surplus or defi cit.

Subsequent measurement

Financial instruments at fair value through surplus or deﬁ cit are subsequently measured at fair value, with gains and losses arising from changes in fair value being included in surplus or deﬁ cit for the period.

Net gains or losses on the ﬁ nancial instruments at fair value through surplus or deﬁ cit exclude dividends or similar distributions and interest.

Dividend or similar distributions income is recognised in surplus or deﬁ cit as part of other income when the entity’s right to receive payment is established.

Loans and receivables are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest method, less accumulated impairment losses.

Impairment of ﬁ nancial assets

At each end of the reporting period the entity assesses all fi nancial assets, other than those at fair value through surplus or defi cit, to determine whether there is objective evidence that a fi nancial asset or group of fi nancial assets has been impaired.

For amounts due to the entity, signifi cant fi nancial diffi culties of the debtor, probability that the debtor will enter bankruptcy and default of payments are all considered indicators of impairment.

Impairment losses are recognised in surplus or deﬁ cit.

Impairment losses are reversed when an increase in the ﬁ nancial asset’s recoverable amount can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, subject to the restriction that the carrying amount of the ﬁ nancial asset at the date that the impairment is reversed shall not exceed what the carrying amount would have been had the impairment not been recognised.

Reversals of impairment losses are recognised in surplus or deﬁ cit. 74 Receivables from exchange transactions

Trade and other receivables are classiﬁ ed as loans and receivables.

Amounts receivable within 12 months from the date of reporting are classiﬁ ed as current.

Payables from exchange transactions

Trade payables are initially measured at fair value, and are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.

Liabilities for annual leave (accrued leave pay) are recognised as they accrue to employees. Provision is based on the potential liability (value of leave credits as at 31 March) of the entity.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and demand deposits, and other short- term highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and are subject to an insigniﬁ cant risk of changes in value. These are initially and subsequently recorded at fair value.

For purposes of the Cash Flow Statement, cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and deposits held on call with banks, net of bank overdrafts. The entity categorises cash and cash equivalents as ﬁ nancial assets: loans and receivables. Bank overdrafts are recorded based on facility utilised. Finance charges on bank overdrafts are expensed as incurred. Bank overdrafts are shown in borrowings in current liabilities on the Statement of Financial Position. Cash and cash equivalents and bank borrowings are subsequently recorded at face value.

Loans and receivables

Loans and receivables are non-derivatives fi nancial assets with fi xed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. They are included in current assets, except for maturities greater than 12 months after the reporting date. These are classifi ed as non-current assets. The entity’s loans and receivables comprised trade receivables and other receivables and cash and cash equivalents

Offsetting of ﬁ nancial assets and liabilities

A fi nancial asset and a fi nancial liability are only offset and the net amount presented in the statement of fi nancial position when and only when: • the entity has a legally enforced right to set off recognised amounts, and; • the entity intends either to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simulteneously; and • in accounting for a transfer of a fi nancial asset that does not qualify for derecognised, the entity will off set the transferred asset and the associated liability.

Derecognition

Financial assets

A fi nancial asset (or, where applicable a part of a fi nancial asset or part of a group of similar fi nancial assets) is derecognised where: • the rights to receive cash fl ows from the asset have expired; • the entity retains the right to receive cash fl ows from the asset, but has assumed an obligation to pay them in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass-through’ arrangement; or • the entity has transferred its rights to receive cash fl ows from the asset and either - has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or - has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

75 Financial liabilities

A fi nancial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged, cancelled or expires. Where an existing fi nancial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modifi ed, such an exchange or modifi cation is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability, and the difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in surplus or defi cit.

1.6 Impairment of cash-generating assets

Cash-generating assets are those assets held by the entity with the primary objective of generating a commercial return. When an asset is deployed in a manner consistent with that adopted by a proﬁ t-orientated entity, it generates a commercial return.

Impairment is a loss in the future economic beneﬁ ts or service potential of an asset, over and above the systematic recognition of the loss of the asset’s future economic beneﬁ ts or service potential through depreciation (amortisation).

Carrying amount is the amount at which an asset is recognised in the statement of ﬁ nancial position after deducting any accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses thereon.

A cash-generating unit is the smallest identifi able group of assets held with the primary objective of generating a commercial return that generates cash infl ows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash infl ows from other assets or groups of assets.

Costs of disposal are incremental costs directly attributable to the disposal of an asset, excluding ﬁ nance costs and income tax expense.

Depreciation (amortisation) is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of an asset over its useful life.

Fair value less costs to sell is the amount obtainable from the sale of an asset in an arm’s length transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties, less the costs of disposal.

Recoverable amount of an asset or a cash-generating unit is the higher its fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. Useful life is either: (a) the period of time over which an asset is expected to be used by the entity; or (b) the number of production or similar units expected to be obtained from the asset by the entity.

Identiﬁ cation

When the carrying amount of a cash-generating asset exceeds its recoverable amount, it is impaired.

The entity assesses at each reporting date whether there is any indication that a cash-generating asset may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the entity estimates the recoverable amount of the asset.

Irrespective of whether there is any indication of impairment, the entity also test a cash-generating intangible asset with an indeﬁ nite useful life or a cash-generating intangible asset not yet available for use for impairment annually by comparing its carrying amount with its recoverable amount. This impairment test is performed at the same time every year. If an intangible asset was initially recognised during the current reporting period, that intangible asset was tested for impairment before the end of the current reporting period.

1.7 Impairment of non-cash-generating assets

76 Non-cash-generating assets are assets other than cash-generating assets.

Carrying amount is the amount at which an asset is recognised in the statement of ﬁ nancial position after deducting any accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses thereon.

Costs of disposal are incremental costs directly attributable to the disposal of an asset, excluding ﬁ nance costs and income tax expense.

Depreciation (amortisation) is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of an asset over its useful life.

Fair value less costs to sell is the amount obtainable from the sale of an asset in an arm’s length transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties, less the costs of disposal.

Recoverable service amount is the higher of a non-cash-generating asset’s fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. Useful life is either: (a) the period of time over which an asset is expected to be used by the entity; or (b) the number of production or similar units expected to be obtained from the asset by the entity.

Identiﬁ cation

When the carrying amount of a non-cash-generating asset exceeds its recoverable service amount, it is impaired.

The entity assesses at each reporting date whether there is any indication that a non-cash- generating asset may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the entity estimates the recoverable service amount of the asset.

Irrespective of whether there is any indication of impairment, the entity also test a non-cash- generating intangible asset with an indeﬁ nite useful life or a non-cash-generating intangible asset not yet available for use for impairment annually by comparing its carrying amount with its recoverable service amount. This impairment test is performed at the same time every year. If an intangible asset was initially recognised during the current reporting period, that intangible asset was tested for impairment before the end of the current reporting period.

1.8 Provisions and contingencies

Provisions are recognised when: • the entity has a present obligation as a result of a past event; • it is probable that an outﬂ ow of resources embodying economic beneﬁ ts or service potential will be required to settle the obligation; and • a reliable estimate can be made of the obligation.

The amount of a provision is the best estimate of the expenditure expected to be required to settle the present obligation at the reporting date.

Where the effect of time value of money is material, the amount of a provision is the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation.

The discount rate is a pre-tax rate that reﬂ ects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks speciﬁ c to the liability.

77 Where some or all of the expenditure required to settle a provision is expected to be reimbursed by another party, the reimbursement is recognised when, and only when, it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received if the entity settles the obligation. The reimbursement is treated as a separate asset. The amount recognised for the reimbursement does not exceed the amount of the provision.

Provisions are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to refl ect the current best estimate. Provisions are reversed if it is no longer probable that an outfl ow of resources embodying economic benefi ts or service potential will be required, to settle the obligation.

Where discounting is used, the carrying amount of a provision increases in each period to reﬂ ect the passage of time. This increase is recognised as an interest expense.

A provision is used only for expenditures for which the provision was originally recognised.

Provisions are not recognised for future operating deﬁ cits.

If an entity has a contract that is onerous, the present obligation (net of recoveries) under the contract is recognised and measured as a provision.

1.9 Revenue from exchange transactions

Revenue is derived from a variety of sources which include fees, donations, grants from other tiers of government and revenue from trading activities and other services provided.

Revenue from exchange transactions refers to revenue that accrued to the entity directly in return for services rendered/goods sold, the value of which approximated the consideration received or receivable.

Fair value is the amount for which an asset could be exchanged, or a liability settled, between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arm’s length transaction.

Measurement

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of trade discounts and volume rebates.

Rendering of services

When the outcome of a transaction involving the rendering of services can be estimated reliably, revenue associated with the transaction is recognised by reference to the stage of completion of the transaction at the reporting date. The outcome of a transaction can be estimated reliably when all the following conditions are satisfi ed: • the amount of revenue can be measured reliably; • it is probable that the economic benefi ts or service potential associated with the transaction will fl ow to the entity; • the stage of completion of the transaction at the reporting date can be measured reliably; and • the costs incurred for the transaction and the costs to complete the transaction can be measured reliably.

When services are performed by an indeterminate number of acts over a specifi ed time frame, revenue is recognised on a straight line basis over the specifi ed time frame unless there is evidence that some other method better represents the stage of completion. When a specifi c act is much more signifi cant than any other acts, the recognition of revenue is postponed until the signifi cant act is executed.

When the outcome of the transaction involving the rendering of services cannot be estimated reliably, revenue is recognised only to the extent of the expenses recognised that are recoverable.

78 Service revenue is recognised by reference to the stage of completion of the transaction at the reporting date. Stage of completion is determined by services performed to date as a percentage of total services to be performed.

Revenue from publications is recognised when it becomes due.

Interest

Revenue arising from the use by others of entity assets yielding interest, royalties and dividends or similar distributions is recognised when: • It is probable that the economic beneﬁ ts or service potential associated with the transaction will ﬂ ow to the entity, and • The amount of the revenue can be measured reliably.

Interest is recognised, in surplus or deﬁ cit, using the effective interest rate method.

1.10 Revenue from non-exchange transactions

Non-exchange transactions are deﬁ ned as transactions where the entity receives value from another entity without directly giving approximately equal value in exchange.

Conditions on transferred assets are stipulations that specify that the future economic benefi ts or service potential embodied in the asset is required to be consumed by the recipient as specifi ed or future economic benefi ts or service potential must be returned to the transferor.

Control of an asset arises when the entity can use or otherwise beneﬁ t from the asset in pursuit of its objectives and can exclude or otherwise regulate the access of others to that beneﬁ t.

Membership fees is recognised when it becomes due.

Recognition

An inﬂ ow of resources from a non-exchange transaction recognised as an asset is recognised as revenue, except to the extent that a liability is also recognised in respect of the same inﬂ ow.

As the entity satisﬁ es a present obligation recognised as a liability in respect of an inﬂ ow of resources from a non-exchange transaction recognised as an asset, it reduces the carrying amount of the liability recognised and recognises an amount of revenue equal to that reduction.

Measurement

Revenue from a non-exchange transaction is measured at the amount of the increase in net assets recognised by the entity.

When, as a result of a non-exchange transaction, the entity recognises an asset, it also recognises revenue equivalent to the amount of the asset measured at its fair value as at the date of acquisition, unless it is also required to recognise a liability. Where a liability is required to be recognised it will be measured as the best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation at the reporting date, and the amount of the increase in net assets, if any, recognised as revenue. When a liability is subsequently reduced, because the taxable event occurs or a condition is satisﬁ ed, the amount of the reduction in the liability is recognised as revenue.

Transfers

Apart from services in kind, which are not recognised, the entity recognises an asset in respect of transfers when the transferred resources meet the deﬁ nition of an asset and satisfy the criteria for recognition as an asset.

The entity recognises an asset in respect of transfers when the transferred resources meet the deﬁ nition of an asset and satisfy the criteria for recognition as an asset.

79 Transferred assets are measured at their fair value as at the date of acquisition.

Grants and subsidies

Grants are recognised as revenue when: - it is probable that the economic beneﬁ ts or service potential associated with the transaction will ﬂ ow to the entity, - the amount of the revenue can be measured reliably, and - to the extent that there has been compliance with any restrictions associated with the grant.

The entity assesses the degree of certainty attached to the fl ow of future economic benefi ts or service potential on the basis of the available evidence. Certain grants payable by one level of one to another are subject to the availability of funds. Revenue from these grants is only recognised when it is probable that the economic benefi ts or service potential associated with the transaction will fl ow to the entity. An announcement at the beginning of a fi nancial year that grants may be available for qualifying entities in accordance with an agreed programme may not be suffi cient evidence of the probability of the fl ow. Revenue is then only recognised once evidence of the probability of the fl ow becomes available, which in most cases is on receipt.

Restrictions on grants may result in such revenue being recognised on a time proportion basis. Where there is no restriction on the period, such revenue is recognised on receipt or when the act becomes effective, which-ever is earlier.

When grants are remited on a re-imbursement basis, revenue is recognised when the qualifying expense has been incurred and to the extent that any other restrictions have been complied with.

Other grants and donations (Conditional grants, etc.)

Other grants and donations are recognised as revenue when: - it is probable that the economic beneﬁ ts or service potential associated with the transaction will ﬂ ow to the entity; - the amount of the revenue can be measured reliably; and - to the extent that there has been compliance with any restrictions associated with the grant.

The enactment of the act itself is not sufﬁ cient enough to assume that the grants will be received. As such, the most obvious basis is on receipt as in most cases it is difﬁ cult to determine if all the conditions will be met. To the extent that the conditions, criteria or obligations have not been met, the amounts received are recognised as a liability.

If goods in-kind are received without conditions attached, revenue is recognised immediately. If conditions are attached, a liability is recognised, which is reduced and revenue recognised as the conditions are satisﬁ ed.

1.11 Comparative ﬁ gures

When the presentation or classifi cation of items in the fi nancial statements is ammended, prior period comparative amounts are reclassifi ed. The nature and reasons for the reclassifi cation is to ensure compliance with the adopted standards.

1.12 Unauthorised expenditure

All expenditure relating to unauthorised expenditure is recognised as an expense in the statement of fi nancial performance in the year that the expenditure was incurred. The expenditure is classifi ed in accordance with the nature of the expense, and where recovered, it is subsequently accounted for as revenue in the statement of fi nancial performance.

80 1.13 Fruitless and wasteful expenditure

All expenditure relating to fruitless and wasteful expenditure is recognised as an expense in the statement of fi nancial performance in the year that the expenditure was incurred. The expenditure is classifi ed in accordance with the nature of the expense, and where recovered, it is subsequently accounted for as revenue in the statement of fi nancial performance.

1.14 Irregular expenditure

Irregular expenditure that was incurred and identifi ed during the current fi nancial year and for which condonement is being awaited at year end must be recorded in the irregular expenditure register. No further action is required with the exception of updating the note to the fi nancial statements.

Where irregular expenditure was incurred in the previous fi nancial year and is only condoned in the following fi nancial year, the register and the disclosure note to the fi nancial statements must be updated with the amount condoned.

1.15 Budget information

The entity is typically subject to budgetary limits in the form of appropriations or budget authorisations (or equivalent), which is given effect through authorising legislation, appropriation or similar.

General purpose ﬁ nancial reporting by the entity shall provide information on whether resources were obtained and used in accordance with the legally adopted budget.

The approved budget is prepared on an accrual basis and presented by economic classiﬁ cation linked to performance outcome objectives.

The approved budget covers the ﬁ scal period from 1 April 2014 to 31 March 2015.

The annual ﬁ nancial statements and the budget are on the same basis of accounting therefore a comparison with the budgeted amounts for the reporting period have been included in the Statement of comparison of budget and actual amounts.

81 Notes to the Annual Financial Statements

2. New Standards and Interpretations

2.1 Standards and Interpretations Issued, but not yet Effective

The entity has not applied the following standards and interpretations, which have been published and are mandatory for the entity’s accounting periods beginning on or after 01 April 2015 or later periods:

Standard/Interpretation: Effective Date: Expected Impact: Years beginning on or after • GRAP104: Financial Instruments 01 April 2016 The impact of the amendment is not material.

3. Property, Plant and Equipment

2015 2014

Cost / Accumulated Carrying Cost / Accumulated Carrying Valuation depreciation value Valuation depreciation value and and accumulated accumulated impairment impairment Furniture and ﬁ xtures 1 370 285 (944 597) 425 688 1 105 829 (756 091) 349 738 Ofﬁ ce equipment 399 280 (364 535) 34 745 395 246 (362 877) 32 369 Computer equipment 501 511 (231 683) 269 828 509 312 (279 785) 229 527 Total 2 271 076 (1 540 815) 730 261 2 010 387 (1 398 753) 611 634

Reconciliation of Property, Plant and Equipment - 2015 Opening Additions Disposals Depreciation Total balance Furniture and ﬁ xtures 349 738 264 456 - (188 506) 425 688 Ofﬁ ce equipment 32 369 12 199 (2 049) (7 774) 34 745 Computer equipment 229 527 148 136 - (107 835) 269 828 611 634 424 791 (2 049) (304 115) 730 261

Reconciliation of Property, Plant and Equipment - 2014 Opening Additions Depreciation Total balance Furniture and ﬁ xtures 515 611 - (165 873) 349 738 Ofﬁ ce equipment 13 610 42 868 (24 109) 32 369 Computer equipment 72 375 225 710 (68 558) 229 527 601 596 268 578 (258 540) 611 634 4. Intangible Assets 2015 2014

Cost / Accumulated Carrying Cost / Accumulated Carrying Valuation amortisation value Valuation amortisation value and and accumulated accumulated impairment impairment Computer software 211 202 (181 019) 30 183 201 486 (162 776) 38 710

82 Notes to the Annual Financial Statements

2015 2014 R R

Opening Additions Amortisation Total balance 4. Intangible Assets (continued)

Reconciliation of Intangible Assets - 2015 Computer software 38 710 9 716 (18 243) 30 183

Reconciliation of Intangible Assets - 2014 Opening Additions Total balance Computer software - 38 710 38 710

5. Other Financial Assets

Listed Fund Stanlib Income Fund 6 673 776 6 332 124 Investment is valued at the closing Net Asset Value as at the reporting date.

Current Assets Designated at fair value 6 673 776 6 332 124 Financial assets at fair value Fair value hierarchy of fi nancial assets at fair value For fi nancial assets recognised at fair value, disclosure is required of a fair value hierarchy which refl ects the signifi cance of the inputs used to make the measurements. The fair value hierarchy have the following levels:

Level 1 represents those assets which are measured using unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.

Level 2 applies inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the assets either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

Level 3 applies inputs which are not based on observable market data.

Level 1 6 673 776 6 332 124 Stanlib Income Fund

6. Receivables from Exchange Transactions

Trade debtors 3 138 776 729 791 Sundry Debtors - 333 502 Refunds - 9 800 3 138 776 1 073 093

83 Notes to the Annual Financial Statements

2015 2014 R R

6. Receivables from Exchange Transactions (continued)

Receivables Ageing Analysis

Trade Receivables

Debtors Aging Current 2 520 137 141 253 30+ Days 350 664 40 108 60+ Days - 11 600 90+ Days (17 062) 536 829 120+ Days 285 037 - 3 138 776 729 790 Trade and Other Receivables Past Due but not Impaired

Trade and other receivables which are past due are not considered to be impaired. At 31 March 2015, R 618 639 (2014: R 588 537) were past due but not impaired.

The ageing of amounts past due but not impaired is as follows: 1 month past due 350 664 40 108 2 months past due - 11 600 3+ months past due 267 975 536 829

7. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of: Bank balances 5 855 697 9 281 361

8. Payables from Exchange Transactions Trade payables 1 095 943 - Payments received in 200 000 333 500 advanced Sundry Creditors 69 538 658 745 Deferred Income - 869 779 Provision for leave pay 617 809 372 916 Salaries Control 813 507 77 063 Provision for future expenses - 334 472 Unallocated receipts 4 001 - 2 800 798 2 646 475

9. National Treasury Liability National Treasury Liability - 3 019 693 This liability relates to unspent funds from prior year.

84 Notes to the Annual Financial Statements

2015 2014 R R

10. Revenue

Interest received 987 176 638 585 Membership fees 89 970 64 700 Publication fees 421 354 543 002 Fees received 774 147 157 259 Grants & subsidies 35 045 148 22 126 901 Donations 669 342 970 000 37 987 137 24 500 447

The amount included in revenue arising from exchanges of goods or services are as follows: Interest received 987 176 638 585 Membership fees 89 970 64 700 Publication fees 421 354 543 002 Fees received 774 147 157 259 2 272 647 1 403 546 The amount included in revenue arising from non-exchange transactions is as follows: Taxation Revenue Transfer Revenue Grants & subsidies 35 045 148 22 126 901 Donations 669 342 970 000 35 714 490 23 096 901 11. General Expenses Advertising 15 595 - Auditors remuneration 326 336 176 338 Bank charges 51 088 62 722 Cleaning 5 003 22 513 Computer expenses 576 151 206 105 Consulting and professional fees 470 186 5 993 Catering and refreshments 29 345 28 353 Casual wages 21 333 - Hosting of guests expenses 40 042 - Gifts 121 880 13 706 Hiring of equipment - 11 441 Insurance 79 350 53 957 Conferences and seminars 145 909 129 634 Staff recruitment and training expenses 97 858 102 192 Project expenditure 27 740 576 18 408 672 Printing and stationery 147 540 85 288 Research and development costs 480 000 273 000 Security 27 411 4 441 Subscriptions and membership fees 53 823 16 405 Telephone and fax 130 115 124 447 Travel - local 890 141 439 742 Layout and design expenses 23 907 - Ofﬁ ce expenses 75 309 67 657 Other expenses 13 732 - 31 562 630 20 232 606 85 Notes to the Annual Financial Statements

2015 2014 R R

12. Employee-related Costs

Basic 2 616 548 1 376 296 Medical aid - company 40 983 48 419 contributions UIF 11 514 - SDL 15 939 -

Pension & Provident Funds 209 629 189 294 2 894 613 1 614 009 Executive Ofﬁ cer (Prof Roseanne Diab) Annual Remuneration 949 661 897 600 Cellphone Allowance 9 000 9 000 Bonus 79 138 59 840 1 037 799 966 440 Chief Operations Ofﬁ cer (Dr Xola Mati) Annual Remuneration 879 121 830 927 Bonus 73 260 34 627 Cellphone Allowance 9 000 9 000 961 381 874 554 Communications Manager (Mrs Patricia Scholtz) Annual Remuneration 677 138 640 017 Bonus 56 428 26 667 Cellphone Allowance 6 000 6 000 739 566 672 684 Financial Manager (Mr Morakeng Chiloane) Annual Remuneration 893 980 844 971 Bonus 74 498 56 331 Cellphone Allowance 6 000 6 000 974 478 907 302 Human Resources Manager (Mrs Lynette du Plessis)

Annual Remuneration 170 000 - Bonus 18 889 - Cellphone allowance 1 500 - 190 389 - The manager was appointed on 1 January 2015

Liaison Manager (Mr Stanley Maphosa) Annual Remuneration 56 834 - Bonus 5 486 - Cellphone Allowance 500 - 62 820 - The manager was appointed on 1 March 2015

86 2015 2014 R R

12. Employee-related Costs (continued)

Director of Scholarly Publishing Unit (Mrs Susan Veldsman) Annual remuneration 715 039 675 840 Bonus 59 587 45 056 Cellphone allowance 6 000 6 000 780 626 726 896 The executive management employee costs are included under project costs.

13. Depreciation and Amortisation

Property, plant and equipment 322 358 258 541

14. Auditors’ Remuneration

Fees 326 336 176 338

15. Lease Rentals on Operating Leases

Premises Premises 1 163 371 1 075 831 1 163 371 1 075 831 16. Commitments

This committed expenditure relates to rental of property and will be ﬁ nanced by available bank facilities.

Operating Leases - as lessee (Expense)

Minimum Lease Payments Due

- within one year 281 956 1 163 371 - in second to ﬁ fth year inclusive - 281 956 281 956 1 445 327 Operating lease payments represent rentals payable by the entity for rental of its ofﬁ ce properties. No contingent rent is payable.

17. Cash (used in) Generated from Operations

Surplus 1 957 139 1 356 462 Adjustments for: Depreciation and amortisation 322 358 258 541 Gain on sale of assets (321) - Fair value adjustments 84 910 - Decrease in accrued income - 2 366 500 Decrease in deferred income - (394 021) Provision for leave pay 244 893 (623)

Changes in working capital: Receivables from exchange transactions (2 065 683) (31 261) Payables from exchange transactions (90 638) 51 317 Net movements in other ﬁ nancial liabilities (3 019 623) 3 019 623 (2 566 965) 6 626 538

87 2015 2014 R R

18. Related Parties

Relationships Controlling entity Department of Science & Technology Group Entities Agency for Science & Technology Advancement Council for Scientifi c & Industrial Research Human Sciences Research Council National Advisory Council on Innovation National Intellectual Property Management Offi ce National Research Foundation South African National Space Authority Technology Innovation Agency ASSAF Council Members J Mouton D Reddy P Berjak I Parker S Maharaj R Adam H Coovadia A Bawa B Wingfi eld Z Vilakazi H Soodyall S Burton S Moephuli Key Management R Diab X Mati M Chiloane L du PLessis P Scholtz S Maphosa S Veldsman

Related Party Balances

Unspent Conditional Grants Department of Science & Technology 83 517 3 019 693

Related Party Transactions

Grants Received Department of Science & Technology 27 777 858 22 491 363 National Research Foundation 100 000 284 827

Expenditure Incurred Council of Scientiﬁ c & Industrial Research 207 533 283 325 Johann Mouton 150 000 -

88 2015 2014 R R

19. Prior Period Errors

In terms of GRAP 3 - Accounting policies, Changes in Estimates and Errors:

The unspent conditional grant amounting to R3 019 693 was correctly accounted for in the current year.

Conference invoice amount to R92 763 not raised in prior year correctly processed in the current year.

The correction of the error(s) results in adjustments as follows:

Statement of Financial Position Decrease in operating fund - 3 112 456 Increase in sundry creditors - (92 763) Increase in unspent conditional grants - 3 019 693

Statement of Financial Performance Increase in general expenses - 92 763 Decrease in grant revenue - 3 019 693

20. Risk Management

Financial Risk Management

Council has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the entity’s risk management framework. The organisation’s risk management policies are established to identify and analyse the risks faced by the entity, to set appropriate risk limits and controls and to monitor risks and adherence to limits.

The entity’s Finance department provides services to the business, co-ordinates access to domestic and international fi nancial markets, monitors and manages the fi nancial risks relating to the operations of the entity through internal risk reports which analyse exposures by degree and magnitude of risks. These risks include market risk (including currency risk, fair value interest rate risk and price risk), credit risk, liquidity risk and cash fl ow interest rate risk.

The Council monitors and manages the fi nancial risks relating to the operations through internal policies and procedures. These risks include interest rate risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. Risk management policies and systems are reviewed regularly to refl ect changes to market conditions and the organisation’s activities, and compliance with policies and procedures is reviewed by the internal auditors on a continuous basis, and annually by external auditors. The organisation does not enter into or trade fi nancial instruments for speculative purposes.

Internal audit, responsible for initiating a control framework and monitoring and responding to potential risk, reports periodically to the organisation’s audit committee, an independent body that monitors the effectiveness of the internal audit function

89 20. Risk management (continued)

Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the organisation will encounter diffi culty in meeting the obligations associated with its fi nancial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or another fi nancial asset. The organisation’s approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will always have suffi cient liquidity to meet its liabilities when due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the organisation’s reputation.

Liquidity risk is managed by ensuring that all assets are reinvested at maturity at competitive interest rates in relation to cash ﬂ ow requirements. Liabilities are managed by ensuring that all contractual payments are met on a timeous basis and, if required, additional new arrangements are established at competitive rates to ensure that cash ﬂ ow requirements are met.

At 31 March 2015 Less than 1 Between 1 and Between 2 and Over 5 years year 2 years 5 years

Trade and other 1 365 482 - - - payables

At 31 March 2014 Less than 1 Between 1 and Between 2 and Over 5 years year 2 years 5 years

Trade and other 992 245 - - - payables

The table above analyses the entity’s derivative fi nancial instruments which will be settled on a gross basis into relevant maturity groupings based on the remaining period at the statement of fi nancial position to the contractual maturity date. The amount disclosed in the table are the contractual undiscounted cash fl ows. Balances due within 12 months equal their carrying balances as the impact of discounting is not signifi cant.

Credit risk

Credit risk consists mainly of cash deposits, cash equivalents, derivative ﬁ nancial instruments and trade debtors. The entity only deposits cash with major banks with high quality credit standing and limits exposure to any one counter-party.

Trade receivables comprise a widespread customer base. Management evaluated credit risk relating to customers on an ongoing basis. If customers are independently rated, these ratings are used. Otherwise, if there is no independent rating, risk control assesses the credit quality of the customer, taking into account its ﬁ nancial position, past experience and other factors.

Individual risk limits are set based on internal or external ratings in accordance with limits set by the board.

Market risk

Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is defi ned as the risk that the fair value or future cash fl ows associated with a fi nancial instrument will fl uctuate in amount as a result of market interest changes. The entity’s policy is to minimise interest rate cash fl ow risk exposures on longterm fi nancing. Longer term borrowings are therefore usually at fi xed rates. The entity’s exposures to interest rates on fi nancial assets and fi nancial liabilities are detailed below.

90 At year-end, ﬁ nancial instruments exposed to interest rate risk were as follows:

- Call and notice deposits.

- Income Fund.

Foreign exchange risk

The entity receives grants in forex denomination. The entity is not exposed to foreign currency risk due to the nature of the funding received. The entity is required to report the funds received as the actual Rand amount received. The monies received are therefore recognised at spot rate when received.

21. Going concern

The existence of the entity is dependent on the continued support of its donors, by way of grants. Should the grants be withdrawn, its highly unlikely that the academy will be able to continue as a going concern. The annual ﬁ nancial statements have been prepared on the basis of accounting policies applicable to a going concern. This basis presumes that funds will be available to ﬁ nance future operations and that the realisation of assets and settlement of liabilities, contingent obligations and commitments will occur in the ordinary course of business.

22. Events after the reporting date

Council is not aware of any material events that would impact the reporting of the annual ﬁ nancial statements.

23. Irregular expenditure

The Academy of Science of South Africa has not complied with the requirements of section 51(1) (a)(iii) of the Public Finance Management Act 1 of 1999, National Treasury Practice Notes and the Preferential Procurement Policy Framework Act 5 of 2000. The non-compliance has resulted in various instances of irregular expenditure being incurred.

The entity is currently undertaking a process to engage with National Treasury to determine an action plan of compliance and the impact and consequences if any of the non-compliance noted above.

24. Budget differences

Material differences between budget and actual amounts

Revenue

The variance was a result of prior year unspent conditional grant not being included in the original budget.

Personnel expenditure

The variance was a result of salary adjustments as well as bonus payments .

Depreciation

Current practice does not include budgeting for non-cash items including depreciation.

General expenses

Additional projects were approved by National Treasury after approval of roll over funds, the expenditure had not been anticipated.

91 92 ANNEXURE A – ASSAf Member Biographies

Quarraisha Abdool Karim is Professor in Clinical Epidemiology at Columbia University, Associate Sci- entiﬁ c Director of CAPRISA and Adjunct Professor in Public Health at the Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, UKZN.

Salim S Abdool Karim is a clinical infectious diseases epidemiologist, Director of CAPRISA, Pro Vice- Chancellor (Research) at UKZN and Professor in Clinical Epidemiology at Columbia University.

Rob Adam is the Director of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) South Africa Project. He was Group Ex- ecutive: Nuclear at the Aveng Group and an Extraordinary Professor of Physics at both UP and Unisa.

Ralph Adendorff is Professor of Linguistics in the Department of English Language and Linguistics at RU.

Jimi Adesina is Professor and DST/NRF Research Chair at the College of Graduate Studies, Unisa.

Miriam Adhikari is an Emeritus Professor in the College of Health Sciences at the Nelson Mandela School of Medicine at UKZN.

Jill Adler holds the First Rand Foundation (FRF) Mathematics Education Chair at Wits.

Anthony Jide Afolayan is a Research Professor and Leader of the Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre. He is also the Director of the Central Analytical Laboratory at UFH.

Mark Alexander is Professor of Civil Engineering at UCT and Director of the Concrete Materials and Structural Integrity Research Unit at UCT.

Marco Andreoli is a private consultant in radioactive raw materials and Specialist Scientist at Necsa (formerly the Atomic Energy Board), which he joined in 1982 until retirement in 2011.

Harold Annegarn is an Adjunct Professor in the Energy Institute, CPUT.

Christopher Charles Appleton is an Emeritus Professor of Parasitology in the School of Life Sciences at UKZN.

Reinhard Richard Arndt was one of the founders of the Rand Afrikaans University, and Head of the Chemistry Department for 12 years.

Lewis David Ashwal is Professor of Petrology, Mineralogy and Geochemistry at Wits School of Geo- sciences.

Lucinda Backwell is a Senior Researcher in the Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research in the School of Geosciences at Wits.

Saleem Badat is Programme Director of international higher education and strategic projects at the Andrew W Mellon Foundation.

Himansu Baijnath is an Honorary Research Professor in the School of Life Sciences at UKZN.

Narend Baijnath is Pro Vice-Chancellor of Unisa.

Yunus Ballim currently holds a personal Professorship at Wits and was the Head of the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering from 2001 to 2005.

Marion Bamford is Professor of Palaeobotanist in the Evolutionary Studies Institute, Wits.

Jacek Banasiak is a Senior Professor in the School of Mathematical Sciences at UKZN and has been a Research Professor there since 2011. 93 Eric Bateman is Emeritus Professor of Respiratory Medicine, UCT and Director of the UCT Lung Institute.

Ahmed Bawa is Vice-Chancellor and Principal of DUT.

Solomon Benatar is Emeritus Professor of Medicine UCT, past founding Director of UCT’s Bioethics Cen- tre, and currently Adjunct Professor in the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto.

Nigel Charles Bennett occupies the DST-NRF Research Chair in the ﬁ eld of Mammalian Behavioural Ecology and Physiology and the UP Austin Roberts Chair of African Mammalogy.

Lee Berger is Research Professor in Human Evolution and the Public Understanding of Science at Wits and Explorer in Residence at the National Geographic Society.

G Michael Berger was Associate Professor and Head of Chemical Pathology at the Red Cross Chil- dren’s Hospital and Professor and Head of Chemical Pathology at the University of Natal Medical School.

Ann Bernstein heads the Centre for Development and Enterprise, South Africa.

Arvin Bhana is an Honorary Associate Professor in the School of Applied Human Sciences, Discipline of Psychology, at UKZN.

Krish Bharuth-Ram was the Head of NACI.

Ramesh Bharuthram was Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Academic) at UWC.

Nicholas Biekpe is Professor of Development Finance and Econometrics at UCT’s Business School and the President of the Africagrowth Institute.

William (Bill) Bishai was Professor of Medicine in the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases at UKZN.

Judith Bishop is Director of Computer Science in Microsoft Research, based in Redmond, United States of America.

Nigel Tempest Bishop is the Head of Department of Mathematics at RU.

Gregory L Blatch is Professor and Dean of the College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.

David Block is a Professor of Applied Mathematics and Astronomy at Wits.

Alfred Botha is a Professor of Microbiology at SU.

Liesbeth Botha is Partner/Director at PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) South Africa.

Rudie Botha is Emeritus Professor of General Linguistics at SU and Honorary Professor of Linguistics at Utrecht University in the Netherlands.

Thomas Hamilton Bothwell is Emeritus Professor of Medicine and an Honorary Professorial Research Fellow at Wits.

Markus Böttcher is Professor and NRF SARChI Chair of Astrophysics and Space Physics at NWU, Potch- efstroom.

Paul Bowen is Professor and former Head of the Department of Construction Economics and Manage- ment at UCT.

Charles Kimberlin Brain was Director of the Transvaal Museum in Pretoria and is currently Curator Emeritus at the museum.

94 George Branch is Emeritus Professor of Biological Sciences and the Marine Biology Research Institute, UCT.

Chris Brink is Vice-Chancellor of Newcastle University, UK.

Paul Andries Brink is Professor and Chairman of the Research Committee, Department of Internal Medicine at SU.

Duncan Brown is Dean of the Arts Faculty at UWC.

James Bull is Emeritus Professor in Organic Chemistry at UCT.

Renier Adriaan Burger is Professor of Physics at NWU.

Stephanie Gail Burton is Vice-Principal: Research and Postgraduate Education at UP.

Claude Carignan is a South African Square Kilometer Array (SKA) Research Chair in Extragalactic Multi-Wavelength Astronomy in the Department of Astronomy at UCT.

Jane Carruthers is Chair of the Academic Advisory Board of the Rachel Carson Centre at the Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich, and President of the International Consortium of Environmental History Organisations based at Duke University.

Jennifer Case is a Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at UCT.

Michael Chapman is Emeritus Professor and Fellow of UKZN.

Philip Allan Charles is Head of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of South- ampton.

Michael Cherry is a Professor of Zoology at SU.

Nithaya Chetty is Deputy CEO: Astronomy at the NRF and a Professor of Physics at UP.

Rachel Chikwamba is Group Executive at the CSIR.

Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan is a Palaeobiologist in the Zoology Department at UCT and a previous Vice- President of ASSAf.

Renfrew Christie was Dean of Research at UWC in 2014 and has been a Visiting Professor of History in the University of Kentucky in 2015.

Alan Christoffels is the DST/NRF Research Chair in Bioinformatics and Health Genomics at UWC.

Walter T Claassen was Professor and Vice-Rector for Research at SU.

Peter Eiddon Cleaton-Jones is an Honorary Professor in the School of Clinical Medicine, Wits. He is based in the Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics.

Thomas Eugene Cloete is Vice–Rector, Research and Innovation at SU.

Maureen Coetzee holds a SARChI Chair in Medical Entomology and Vector Control at Wits.

John Darrell Comins is Emeritus Research Professor of Physics at Wits.

Neville Raymond Comins currently consults in the ﬁ elds of Innovation, National Systems of Innovation, and Science Park Development.

Simon H Connell is an Extraordinary Associate Professor at NWU.

Jacobus Conradie is the Head of the Accelerator and Engineering Department of iThemba LABS.

95 Jeanet Conradie is Professor in the Department of Chemistry at UFS.

Hoosen Coovadia is Emeritus Professor of Paediatrics and Child Health, UKZN. He is Director: Maternal Adolescent and Child Health, Wits and Commissioner at the National Planning Commission in the Presidency.

Anna Coutsoudis is a public health scientist and is a Professor in the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, UKZN.

Don Cowan is Director of the Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, and the Genomics Re- search Institute at UP.

Richard Mark Cowling is a Distinguished Professor in the Botany Department at NMMU.

Robin Michael Crewe is the Director of Centre for the Advancement of Scholarship at UP and a previous President of ASSAf.

Felix Dapare Dakora is Professor and holds the South African Research Chair in Agrochemurgy and Plant Symbioses at TUT.

Peter Dankelmann is Professor in the Department of Mathematics at UJ.

Dennis Martin Davis is a Judge of the Cape High Court and a Competition Appeal Court Judge.

Christian Rudolph de Beer is Emeritus Senior Vice-Principal at UP.

Tilman Dedering is Professor in History at Unisa.

John Wesley de Gruchy is Emeritus Professor of Christian Studies at UCT.

Cheryl de la Rey is the Vice-Chancellor and Principal and Professor of Psychology at UP.

Van Zyl de Villiers is Director at the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna, Austria.

Wim de Villiers is Rector and Vice-Chancellor of SU.

David Dewar is Emeritus Professor and Senior Research Scholar in the School of Architecture, Planning and Geomatics at UCT.

Maarten de Wit is the Chair of Earth Stewardship Science at NMMU in Port Elizabeth.

Roseanne Diab is the Executive Ofﬁ cer of ASSAf and Emeritus Professor in Environmental Sciences, UKZN.

Leon Milner Theodore Dicks is a Distinguished Professor of Microbiology at SU.

Thulani H Dlamini is an Executive Manager: Research & Development at Sasol.

Tania Douglas is Professor of Biomedical Engineering and Deputy Dean for Research in the Faculty of Health Sciences at UCT.

Kathleen Ann Driver is Emeritus Professor of Mathematics and former Dean of the Faculty of Science, UCT.

Themba Dube is Professor of Mathematics at Unisa.

John Duncan is a consultant/researcher in Higher Education.

Norman TF Duncan is Professor of Psychology and the Vice-Principal: Academic at UP.

96 Lourens Martinus du Plessis is Emeritus Research Professor and at present Professor Extraordinaire of Law, NWU, Potchefstroom.

Willemien du Plessis is Professor of Law and Director of the Research Unit at the Faculty of Law, NWU.

James du Preez is Head of the Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology at UFS.

Eno Ebenso is Professor of Physical Chemistry and Executive Dean in the Faculty of Agriculture, Sci- ence & Technology at NWU, Maﬁ keng Campus.

Anton Eberhard is a Professor at the University of Cape Town where he directs the Management Pro- gramme in Infrastructure Reform and Regulation at the Graduate School of Business.

Liesel Ebersöhn is the Director of the Centre for the Study of Resilience, UP and Professor in the Depart- ment of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education.

George Andrian Ekama is Professor of Water Quality Engineering at UCT.

William (Fred) Ellery is Professor, Geography Department, RU.

George Francis Rayner Ellis is Emeritus Professor of Mathematics at UCT.

Irma Eloff is the Dean of Education and Professor of Educational Psychology at UP.

Jacobus (Kobus) Eloff is Research Professor Founder of the Phytomedicine Programme at UP.

Theuns Eloff is former Vice-Chancellor of NWU.

Petra Engelbrecht is a Research Professor in Education, Canterbury Christ Church University, England.

Patrick George Eriksson is Head of the Department of Geology at UP.

Theunis Erasmus was Vice-Rector at UP.

Sabiha Essack is Dean of Teaching and Learning in the College of Health Sciences and Professor in Pharmaceutical Sciences at UKZN.

Arthur George Every is Emeritus Professor of Physics at Wits.

Bernard Fanaroff is Project Manager of the South African Square Kilometer Array Project.

Jill Margaret Farrant holds a Research Chair (Molecular Physiology of Plant Desiccation Tolerance) in the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, UCT.

Sharon Fonn is Professor in the School of Public Health, Wits. She is Co-director of the Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA) and the President of the Association of Schools of Public Health in Africa.

Michael William Feast is an Honorary Professor at UCT and a Senior Research Associate at SAAO.

Johannes Wolfgang Fedderke is Director of Economic Research Southern Africa and Professor of Eco- nomics and International Affairs at Pennsylvania State University.

John Field is Emeritus Professor and Senior Scholar in the Marine Research (Ma-Re) Institute and Ocean- ography Department, UCT.

Brian Figaji was Vice-Chancellor of the former Peninsula Technikon.

Maxim Finkelstein is Distinguished Professor in the Department of Mathematical Statistics, UFS.

97 Rosalie Finlayson is Emeritus Professor and Research Fellow in the Department of African Languages at Unisa.

Peter Folb is Emeritus Professor of Pharmacology at UCT.

Andrew Forbes is Distinguished Professor in the School of Physics, Wits.

Pierre William Froneman is Professor in the Department of Zoology and Entomology at RU.

Richard Francis Fuggle is Emeritus Professor of Environmental Studies at UCT and practises as an environmental consultant.

Christoph Friedrich Garbers is a retired Professor of Organic Chemistry and former Chancellor at Unisa.

Geoff Garrett is Chief Scientist of Queensland, Australia.

Jan Geertsema is Quality Manager of the Faculty of Natural Sciences at NWU after his retirement as Director of Research Support at NWU.

Wieland Gevers is Emeritus Professor of Medical Biochemistry at UCT and a previous President and General Secretary of ASSAf.

Hendrik Geyer is Director of the Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study.

Nicolaas Claudius (Nico) Gey van Pittius is the Deputy Dean: Research of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SU.

David Glasser is a Professor of Chemical Engineering and a Director of the Material and Process Syn- thesis research unit at Unisa.

Irvy (Igle) Gledhill is a scientist in Aeronautics in the Defence, Peace, Safety and Security Unit of the CSIR, and a Visiting Adjunct Professor in Mechanical, Industrial and Aeronautical Engineering at Wits.

Pumla Gobodo-Madikizela is Senior Research Professor on trauma, forgiveness and reconciliation at UFS.

Richard Joseph Goldstone is an Emeritus Justice of the Constitutional Court and former Chief Prosecu- tor of the United Nations Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda.

Amanda Gouws is Professor of Political Science at SU.

Rob Gous is Emeritus Professor and Senior Research Fellow at UKZN.

Keshlan Sathasiva Govinder is Professor of Applied Mathematics and Dean and Head of School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science at UKZN.

Glenda Gray is President and CEO of the MRC, non-executive Director of the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Baragwanath Hospital and Professor of Paediatrics at Wits.

Diane Jeanette Grayson is Director of Institutional Audits at the Council on Higher Education.

Minrie Greeff is Professor and head of the Ethics Ofﬁ ce of the Faculty of Health Sciences at NWU (Potchefstroom Campus).

Gideon Petrus Greyvenstein is Executive Director of Ennex Developments.

Nicolaas Johannes Grové is Registrar at UP.

Bao-Zhu Guo is Professor of Control Theory and Applied Mathematics at Wits.

98 Adam Habib is Vice-Chancellor at Wits.

Ariff Ahmed Hafejee is Professor and holds senior positions at Addington and King Edward VIII Hospital.

Fritz JW Hahne was Professor of Theoretical Physics and Dean of Science at SU.

Raymond Haines is a retired Professor of Inorganic Chemistry from UKZN.

Carolyn Hamilton holds a DST-NRF Research Chair in Archive and Public Culture based in the Social Anthropology Department at UCT.

Lawrence Hamilton is Professor of Politics at Wits.

Willem Hanekom is Director of the South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Faculty of Health Sciences, UCT.

Ronald Harley is a Regents’ Professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA.

Susan Theresa Largier Harrison is Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering, UCT.

Rashid Hassan is the Director of the Centre for Environmental Economics and Policy in Africa, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, UP.

Shireen Hassim is Professor of Politics at Wits.

Henriette Rosalyn Hay is Vice-Rector: Academic at UFS.

Manfred Armin Hellberg is Emeritus Professor of Physics and Senior Research Associate at UKZN.

Fred Thomas Hendricks is the Dean of the Faculty of Humanities at RU.

Jozeph Johannes Henning is a Distinguished Professor of Law, Director of the Centre for Business Law at UFS and a Professor Extraordinarius of Mercantile Law at Unisa.

Christopher Henshilwood is a Professor at the Institute for Human Evolution, Wits and holds a South Af- rican Research Chair in the Origins of Modern Human Behaviour.

Christof Heyns is Professor of Human Rights Law and Co-director of the Institute for International and Comparative Law in Africa at UP.

Winston Hide is Associate Professor of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology in the Department of Biostatistics at Harvard School of Public Health.

John Higgins holds the Arderne Chair of Literature at UCT.

Diane Hildebrandt is the Director of the Materials and Process Synthesis (MaPS) Research Unit and a Professor of Chemical Engineering at Unisa.

Michael Johann Richard Hoch is an Honorary Professorial Research Fellow at Wits and a visiting scientist at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory in Tallahassee, FL, USA.

Jan-Hendrik Servaas Hofmeyr is Professor of Biocomplexity and Biochemistry at SU.

Sarah Jane Howie is the Director of the Centre for Evaluation and Assessment and Professor in the Department of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education at UP.

Heidi Hudson is Professor of International Relations and Director of the Centre for Africa Studies at UFS.

Henk Huismans is a Professor and Head of Genetics at UP where he was a Professor and Head of the Department of Virology.

99 Brian John Huntley was former Chief Executive Ofﬁ cer of the South African National Biodiversity Insti- tute and is an Emeritus Professor at UCT.

Gregory Dudley Hussey is Professor and Director of Vaccines for the Africa Initiative at UCT.

Nicola Illing is a Professor in the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology at UCT.

Nelson Ijumba is the Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Academics) at the University of Rwanda.

David Steve Jacobs is an Associate Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences and holds a Research Chair in Animal Evolution and Systematics at UCT.

Wilmot James is a Member of Parliament and Chairperson of the Democratic Alliance.

Hilary Janks is a Professor in the School of Education at Wits.

Estrelita Janse van Rensburg is a Global Medical Director at Global Central Laboratories, Quintiles at UP.

HCJ (Dingie) Janse van Rensburg is Extraordinary Professor in the Centre for Health Systems Research and Development at UFS.

Jonathan David Jansen is Rector and Vice-Chancellor at UFS and a previous Vice-President of ASSAf.

Neil Jarvis is Section Head: Division for Africa, Technical Cooperation Department at the Internation- al Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna, Austria.

Mohamed S Jeenah is the Executive Director responsible for Research and Development at the ARC.

Branislav Jeremic is Head of Oncology at SU and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town.

Trefor Jenkins is Emeritus Professor and Honorary Professorial Research Fellow at Wits.

Eugene Llewellyn Julies is currently the Managing Director of SINO PRO Consulting (Hong Kong) and Technical Director at Warrodoms Consulting.

Michael Kahn is Professor Extraordinaire at SU and Director of Research and Innovation Associates, Cape Town.

Evance Rabban Kalula is Professor of Law and Director of the International Academic Programmes Ofﬁ ce and Confucius Institute at UCT.

Colin Kenyon is Group Leader of the Process Biochemistry Group at the CSIR. He is an Extraordinary Professor in the Department of Biochemistry at UP.

Michael Charles Kew is Emeritus Professor of Medicine and Honorary Research Professor in the Faculty of Health Sciences at Wits and Honorary Research Professor, Groote Schuur Hospital and UCT.

Klaus Koch is currently the Executive Head of the Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science at SU.

Lodewyk Kock is a Distinguished Professor at UFS.

Rifka Kﬁ r is Extraordinary Professor at the UP Water Institute.

Johann Kirsten is Professor and Head of the Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Ru- ral Development at UP.

Duard Godfried Kleyn is Professor and Dean of the Faculty of Law at UP.

100 Horst Helmut Klump is Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry and Head of the Department of Biochemistry at UCT.

Carolina Koornhof is currently the Executive Director: Finance and Business Activities at UP.

Girish J Kotwal is Adjunct Professor of Medicine, U. Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, President of Kotwal Bioconsulting, LLC and InFlaMed Inc., USA and Kbiotech pvt. ltd. South Africa.

Renée C Kraan–Korteweg holds the Chair of Astronomy at UCT.

Anna Kramvis is a Research Professor and Leader of the Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Programme (HVDRP), Wits.

Salome Kruger is Professor of Nutrition at the Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, NWU, Potchefstroom.

Maryke Labuschagne is Professor and Head of the division of Plant Breeding in the Department of Plant Sciences at UFS.

Bernard Lategan is the founding Director of the Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study.

Alison Lewis is Dean of the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment (EBE) at UCT.

Attie Johannes Ligthelm is Dean of the School of Dentistry at UP.

Elsabé Loots is Professor of Economics and Dean of the Faculty of Economic and Management Sci- ences at UP.

Jean M-S Lubuma is Head of the Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics at UP and SARChI Chair in Mathematical Models and Methods in Bioengineering and Biosciences.

Catriona Macleod is Professor of Psychology and SARChI Chair in Critical Studies in Sexualities and Reproduction at RU.

Shabir Madhi is the Executive Director of the National Institute for Communicable Disease, DST/NRF SARCHI Chair in Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Director of Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit and Professor of Vaccinology at Wits.

Christopher Cuthber Posela Madiba was Chief Director of Systems Development and Coordination in the Department of Education.

Nomathemba Virginia Magi was Dean of the Faculty of Education at UZ.

Sunil Maharaj holds the South African Research Chair in Gravitating Systems and is Director of the Astrophysics and Cosmology Research Unit at UKZN.

Fazal Mahomed is Research Professor and Director of the DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Mathemati- cal and Statistical Sciences (CoE-MaSS) hosted at Wits.

Thokozani Majozi is Professor of Chemical Engineering at Wits and holds the NRF/DST Chair in Sustain- able Process Engineering.

Malegapuru William Makgoba was Vice-Chancellor of UKZN.

Duma Enoch Malaza was Chief Executive Ofﬁ cer of HESA and former Director of Quality Assurance at UP.

Johannes Albertus Geldenhuys Malherbe is a retired Professor and was Dean of Engineering and Vice-Principal at UP.

Tinyiko Sam Maluleke is a Professor at UP and assists the VC of the same university on Africa Strategy.

101 Mzamo P Mangaliso is a Professor of Strategic Management at the University of Massachusetts, Am- herst, Massachusetts in the USA. He is a former President and CEO of the NRF, and a Past-President and Fellow of the Eastern Academy of Management, USA.

Chabani Manganyi was Chairman of the Council for Higher Education and was Vice-Principal of UP. He was also a previous Vice-President of ASSAf.

Vincent Maphai is Executive Director of Corporate Affairs and Transformation at the South African Breweries.

Adrian David Marais is the Head of the Division of Chemical Pathology in the UCT Health Sciences Faculty.

Jacobus Gideon Maree is Professor in the Department of Educational Psychology at UP.

Delia Marshall is an Associate Professor in the Physics Department at UWC.

Tshilidzi Marwala is DVC: Research at UJ.

Robert Mattes is the Director of the Democracy in Africa Research Unit in the Centre for Social Science Research at UCT.

Thoko V Mayekiso is the DVC for Research and Engagement at NMMU

Bongani Mawethu Mayosi is Professor and Head of the Department of Medicine at UCT.

Anthony David Mbewu is Chief Executive Ofﬁ cer of the South African Government Printing Works and a previous Vice-President of ASSAf.

Veronica McKay is Deputy Executive Dean: College of Education at Unisa.

Lirieka Meintjes-Van der Walt is an Adjunct Professor of Law at UFH.

Barry Vincent Mendelow is Emeritus Professor in the Department of Molecular Medicine and Haema- tology at Wits.

Rajend Mesthrie is Professor of Linguistics at UCT and holder of an NRF Research Chair in Migration, Language & Social Change.

Thaddeus Metz is Distinguished Professor and Research Professor of Philosophy at UJ.

Joseph Philip Michael is Emeritus Professor of Organic Chemistry at Wits.

John Robert Midgley was DVC: Research and Innovation at UZ.

Guy Franklin Midgley is a Professor in Botany and Zoology at SU, Research Fellow at SANBI and Conser- vation International, and an Associate Professor in the School of Agricultural, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, UKZN.

Robert Millar is currently Director of the Mammal Research Institute at UP.

Duncan Mitchell is Emeritus Professor of Physiology at Wits.

Valerie Mizrahi is the Director of the Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and a Pro- fessor at UCT.

Philemon Mphathi Mjwara is Director-General of the DST and previous General Secretary of ASSAf.

Renosi Mokate is Executive Director of the World Bank.

102 Khotso Mokhele is an Advisor to the Minister of Science and Technology and serves on various boards.

Ebrahim Momoniat is Professor and Head of the School of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics at Wits, and the Deputy Director of the Centre of Excellence in the Mathematical and Statistical Sciences.

Dhayendre Moodley is an Associate Professor and the Head of Women’s Health and HIV Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, UKZN.

Harm Moraal is Emeritus Professor of Physics at NWU.

Vincent Clifford Moran is Emeritus Professor and Research Associate, Department of Biological Sciences, UCT.

Alan G Morris is Professor in the Department of Human Biology at UCT.

Lynn Morris heads the HIV Virology Section within the Centre for HIV & STIs at the National Institute for Communicable Diseases and holds a joint appointment as Research Professor at Wits.

Johann Mouton is Director of the Centre for Research on Evaluation, Science and Technology and Director of the African Doctoral Academy at SU.

Malose Jack Mphahlele is Professor of Organic Chemistry at Unisa.

Bangilizwe Mqeke is a Professor of Law and former Dean of Law at RU.

John Cantius Mubangizi is a Professor of Law and DVC at UKZN.

Mammo Muchie is a DST/NRF Research Professor of Innovation and Development at TUT and Senior Research Associate at Oxford University, UK.

Sospeter Mwijarubi Muhongo is Professor of Geology, University of Dar Es Salaam and an Honorary Professor of Geology at UP.

Johan Pieter Muller is Emeritus Professor, School of Education, UCT.

Sagadevan Govindasamy Mundree is Professor and Deputy Director of the Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities at Queensland University of Technology.

Kathryn Myburgh is Professor in the Department of Physiological Sciences, SU.

David Mycock is Assistant Dean Postgraduate in the Faculty of Science at Wits.

Christina Mynhardt is Professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Victoria, Canada.

Jean B Nachenga is Extraordinary Professor at SU and Honorary full Professor of Medicine in the De- partment of Medicine at UCT.

Gonasageran Naidoo is Emeritus Professor and Senior Research Associate in the School of Life Sci- ences, UKZN.

Shamila Nair is Senior Programme Specialist, Africa Department (UNESCO in Paris), Coordinator of the UN Science and Technology Cluster and Director of Research at the French Institute for Health and Medical Research.

Luigi Renzo Nassimbeni is Emeritus Professor and Senior Research Scholar in Chemistry at UCT.

Nicoli Nattrass is a Professor in the Centre for Social Science Research at UCT.

Daniel James Ncayiyana is Emeritus Professor at UCT serves as Advisor to the President of the Human Sciences Research Council.

103 Njabulo Simakhahle Ndebele is Chancellor at UJ.

Sabelo Ndlovu-Gatsheni is Head of Archie Mafeje Research Institute (AMRI) and Professor in the De- partment of Development Studies at Unisa.

Marie-Louise Newell is Professor of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and of Social and Human Sci- ences, University of Southampton, UK.

Phuthi E Ngoepe is Professor and Director of the Materials Modelling Centre at UL.

Mokubung Nkomo is the Ombudsman at Unisa.

Stella Nkomo is Deputy Dean of Research and Postgraduate Studies in the Faculty of Economic Man- agement Sciences and Professor in the Department of Human Resource Management at UP.

Wiseman Nkuhlu is Chancellor of UP.

Jo MF Noero is Professor and Director in the School of Architecture at UCT.

Loyiso Gordon Nongxa is Professor and former Vice-Chancellor and Principal at Wits.

Odireleng Martin Ntwaeaborwa is Professor of Physics at UFS.

Tebello Nyokong is Professor of Physical Chemistry at RU.

Cyril Thomas O’Connor is a Senior Research Scholar and Emeritus Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at UCT.

Chikwelu Larry Obi is DVC, Academic Affairs and Research at WSU.

Catherine A Odora Hoppers is the DST/NRF SARChI Research Chair in Development Education at Unisa.

Douglas William Oliver is the Director: School of Pharmacy at NWU.

Gilbert Oke Martin Onwu is Professor of Chemical Education in the Faculty of Education, UP.

Phillip Onyebujoh is the Manager for TB/HIV clinical studies for the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases at the World Health Organisation in Geneva.

Umezuruike Linus Opara is a Distinguished Professor and holds the DST/NRF South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology at SU.

Frederick Mark Orkin is Visiting Professor at the Wits School of Governance and former Chief Executive of the HSRC.

Ruksana Osman is Professor and Dean of the Faculty of Humanities at Wits.

Nicky Gopalan Padayachee was Professor and Dean of the Faculty of Health Sciences, UCT.

Nesri Padayatchi is Deputy Director: Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CA- PRISA) and Honorary Lecturer in the Department of Public Health at UKZN..

Norman Pammenter is Emeritus Professor and Senior Research Associate at UKZN.

Mohammed Iqbal Parker is the Director of the Cape Town Component of the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology and a previous General Secretary of ASSAf.

John Parkington is Professor in the Department of Archaeology at UCT.

Adrian (Adi) Walter Paterson is the Chief Executive Ofﬁ cer of the Australian Nuclear Science and Tech- nology Organisation.

104 Hugh Patterton is Professor in the Department of Biotechnology at UFS.

Robert Clive Pattinson is Professor and Clinical Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecol- ogy at UP.

Claire Penn is the Simmonds Hampton Chair of Speech Pathology and Audiology at Wits.

Michael Pepper is Director of the Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Professor in the Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UP.

Francis Petersen is the Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Institutional Innovation at UCT.

Francesco Petruccione is South African Research Chair in Quantum Information Processing and Com- munication at UKZN and Deputy Director of the National Institute for Theoretical Physics.

John Morley Pettifor is a paediatrician, and Emeritus Professor and Honorary Professorial Researcher at Wits.

Mamokgethi Phakeng is Professor and Vice-Principal of Research and Innovation at Unisa.

Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya is the Director of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS Research Alliance of the HSRC and Honorary Professor at NMMU.

Samuel George Harker Philander is Knox Taylor Professor of Geosciences at Princeton University and a Research Professor at UCT.

Ian Phimister is Senior Research Professor at UFS, and Emeritus Professor at the University of Shefﬁ eld.

William Pick is Emeritus Professor and former Head of the School of Public Health at Wits. He is Honorary Professor at UCT and Extraordinary Professor at SU.

Jaco Pienaar is the Director of WorkWell (Research Unit for Economic and Management Sciences) at NWU.

Pragasen Pillay is Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Hydro- Quebec Senior Chair at Concordia University.

Viness Pillay is a NRF/DST Research Chair in Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Polymer-Engineered Drug Delivery Technologies at Wits.

Laurence Piper is a Professor in the Department of Political Studies at UWC.

Calie Pistorius is the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Hull in the UK.

Chris Pistorius is Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, Pitts- burgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Nyameko Barney Pityana was the Rector of the College of the Transﬁ guration, Grahamstown.

Deborah Posel is a Professor in Sociology at UCT.

Anastassios Pouris is Professor and Director of the Institute for Technological Innovation at UP.

Wolfgang Preiser is the Head of the Division of Medical Virology at SU and NHLS Tygerberg.

Zacharias Andries Pretorius is Professor of Plant Pathology in the Department of Plant Sciences at UFS.

Bernard Alexander Prior is Professor Extraordinary in the Department of Microbiology at SU.

Hugh Wynford Pritchard is Head of Comparative Seed Biology Research at the Royal Botanic Gar- dens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, UK. 105 Otto Walter Prozesky was DVC of UP and President of the MRC.

Raj Ramesar is Professor and Head of the Division of Human Genetics at UCT.

Deresh Ramjugernath is a Professor of Chemical Engineering at UKZN.

Mamphela Aletta Ramphele was the Leader of Agang SA.

Michele Ramsay is the Director of the Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, DST/NRF Re- search Chair for Genomics and Bioinformatics of African Populations and Professor of Human Genet- ics at Wits.

Douglas Eric Rawlings is currently acting Dean of Science, SU.

Sekhar Ray is a Professor of Physics (Condensed Matter Physics) in the Department of Physics (CSET) at Unisa.

Daya Reddy holds the South African Research Chair in Computational Mechanics at UCT.

Priscilla Reddy is the Deputy Executive Director, within the Population Health, Health Systems and In- novations (PHHSI) Research Programme at the HSRC.

Helen Rees is the Executive Director of the Reproductive Health and HIV Research Institute at Wits.

Thomas Rehle is a Visiting Professor of International Health at UCT and serves as a Director and Senior Programme Advisor at the HSRC.

Carolus Reinecke was Professor of Biochemistry and Vice-Chancellor of the former Potchefstroom University.

Neerish Revaprasadu is a materials chemist who holds the SARCHi Chair in Nanotechnology at UZ.

David Mark Richardson is Distinguished Professor in the Department of Botany and Zoology at SU and Director of the DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology.

Linda Marlene Richter is the Director of the DSD-NRF Centre of Excellence for Human Development at Wits.

Terence John Robinson is Vice-Dean Research: Faculty of Science, SU.

Christian Rogerson is Research Professor, School of Tourism and Hospitality at UJ.

Andreas Roodt is a Distinguished Professor in Inorganic Chemistry at UFS and HOD of UFS Chemistry, as well as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry and President of the European Crystallographic Association.

Neil Roos is Associate Research Professor in History at UFS and Co-director of the Vice-Chancellor’s Prestige Scholars’ Programme.

Cornelia Roux is a Research Professor (Research Unit for Education and Human Rights in Diversity) Education Sciences, NWU.

Justus Christiaan Roux is the Mercator Fellow at the Institute for Computational Linguistics at the Uni- versity of Stuttgart, Germany.

Heinz Rüther is Emeritus Professor of Geomatics at UCT.

Edward Peter Rybicki is a Professor in Microbiology at UCT.

Michael John Samways is Distinguished Professor in the Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology at SU.

106 Roelf Feenstra Sandenbergh is a Professor in Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering at UP.

Machaba Michael Sathekge is Professor and Head of Nuclear Medicine Department at UP.

Christopher Saunders is Emeritus Professor at UCT.

Mary Catherine Scholes is Professor in the School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences at Wits and Director of Graduate Studies at the same university.

Robert Scholes is Professor of Systems Ecology at Wits.

Barry David Schoub is the former Executive Director of the National Institute for Communicable Dis- eases and Professor Emeritus of Virology, Wits.

Roland Schulze is Emeritus Professor in Hydrology at UKZN.

Mohamed Seedat is Professor and Head of the Institute for Social and Health Sciences, Unisa and directs the Violence, Injury and Peace Research Unit, a joint collaboration between the MRC and Unisa.

Soraya Seedat is Professor, Executive Head of Department of Psychiatry at SU and South African Re- search Chair in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Jeremy Seekings is Professor of Political Studies and Sociology, and Director of the Centre for Social Science Research at UCT.

Bob JR Seretlo is Emeritus Professor of Physics at UFH.

Vikash Sewram is the Founding Director of the African Cancer Institute and Professor of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SU.

Charlie Shackleton is Professor in Environmental Science at RU and DST-NRF SARChI Chair in Interdisci- plinary Science in Land and Natural Resource Use for Sustainable Livelihoods.

Sheona Shackleton is Professor in the Department of Environmental Science at RU and the current head of department.

John Francis Sharpey-Schafer is a retired Nuclear Physicist and Extraordinary Professor at UWC.

Olive Shisana was Chief Executive Ofﬁ cer of the HSRC.

Sibusiso Sibisi is Chief Executive Ofﬁ cer of the CSIR.

WR Siegfried is Emeritus Professor at UCT.

Silvester Ron Simango is Associate Professor of Linguistics in the Department of English Language and Linguistics at RU.

Leickness Chisamu Simbayi is the Executive Director of HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted infections and tuberculosis research programme at the HSRC.

Mala Singh is Professor Extraordinaire in the Centre for Higher Education Research, Teaching and Learning at RU.

Suprakas Sinha-Ray is Chief Researcher and Director of DST/CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, CSIR.

Beric William Skews is Director of the Flow Research Unit at Wits.

Dirk Smit is Distinguished Professor in Systematic Theology and Ethics at SU.

107 Hendrik Christoffel (Hennie) Snyman is retired Rector and Vice-Chancellor Port Elizabeth Technikon (now NMMU) and Emeritus Professor of Physics at NMMU.

Mark Solms is Professor in Neuropsychology at UCT.

Himla Soodyall is Director of the MRC/NHLS/Wits Human Genomic Diversity and Disease Research Unit at the National Health Laboratory Service and Wits.

Dan Stein is Professor and Chair of the Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health at UCT.

Gary Stevens is Professor in the Department of Geology and Director of the Central Analytical Facility at SU.

Theodor John Stewart is Emeritus Professor of Statistical Sciences (with particular emphasis on operations research) at UCT.

Pieter Streicher Steyn was Senior Director Research at SU.

Pieter Helenius Stoker is Emeritus Professor in the School of Physics, NWU.

Anton Ströh is Vice-Principal: Institutional Planning and a Council member of UP.

Rolf Heinrich Stumpf was Vice-Chancellor at NMMU, Deputy Vice-Chancellor at SU and President of the HSRC.

Gerald Edwin (Gerry) Swan is the Director of the Exotic Leather Research Centre at the UP and former Dean of the Faculty of Veterinary Science.

Frans Swanepoel is DVC: Research and Innovation at UWC and a board member of the ARC.

Christiaan F Swanepoel was Vice-Principal Academic and Research at Unisa and is currently Emeritus Professor and Research Fellow in the Department of African Languages and Literature.

Hendrik Swart is a Senior Professor in Physics who holds the SARChI Chair in Advanced and Lumines- cent Materials at UFS.

Bohua Sun is Professor and Director of the Centre for Mechanics and Technology at CPUT.

Nthoana Tau-Mzamane was Professor at UFH, DDG of Science and Technology, President and CEO of ARC, board member for NRF and CSIR and Registrar of WSU.

John Reginald Nuttall Taylor is Professor of Food Science at UP.

Petro Terblanche is a Managing Director: Pelchem SOC Ltd and Extraordinary Professor at UP.

Jennifer Ann Thomson is Emeritus Professor of Microbiology in the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology at UCT.

Caroline Tiemessen is Head of the Cell Biology Research Laboratory within the Centre for HIV and STIs/ National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service.

Keyan Gray Tomaselli is Distinguished Professor, UJ and Professor Emeritus, UKZN.

Ivan Turok is Executive Director (Economic Performance and Development) at the HSRC, and Honor- ary Professor at the University of Glasgow.

Peter Doughtrey Tyson is Emeritus Professor and former Vice-Principal of Wits.

Peter Vale is Professor of Humanities and Director of the Johannesburg Institute for Advanced Study at UJ. He was a previous Treasurer of ASSAf.

108 Annél van Aswegen is Professor of Private Law at UP and is seconded to the Ofﬁ ce of the VC and Principal. She was formerly Director of Human Resources at UP.

Hennie van Coller is Distinguished Professor Emeritus and Research Fellow of UFS and NWU (Potchef- stroom).

Andries Johannes van der Walt is Professor, Faculty of Law and South African Research Chair in Prop- erty Law, SU.

Jan Horn van Heerden is Professor and Head of the Department of Economics at UP.

Willem Francois Petrus van Heerden is Professor and Head of the Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology in the School of Dentistry at UP.

Paul David van Helden is Professor and Head of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics at SU.

Albert van Jaarsveld is VC at UKZN.

Anton Albert van Niekerk is Distinguished Professor of Philosophy and Director of the Centre for Ap- plied Ethics at SU.

Frederik van Niekerk is DVC: Research, Innovation and Technology at NWU.

Johannes van Staden is Emeritus Professor and Director of the Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, UKZN.

Brian van Wilgen is Research Professor at the Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, SU.

Jacobus Daniel van Wyk is Visiting Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science at UJ.

Arnold van Zyl is the Rector of the Technische Universitaet Chemnitz in Germany.

Willem Heber (Emile) van Zyl is Distinguished Professor in Microbiology and Head of Microbiology De- partment at SU and DST/NRF Senior Chair of Energy Research: Bio-fuels.

Johan van Zyl is the Group Chief Executive Ofﬁ cer of Sanlam Limited.

Daniel Verwoerd is Research Coordinator of the Faculty of Veterinary Science at UP.

Zeblon Zenzele Vilakazi is DVC: Research and Postgraduate Affairs at Wits and Extraordinary Professor at UP.

Karel (Fanus) Viljoen is Professor in the Department of Geology at UJ and holds the South African Re- search Chair in GeoMetallurgy at the same university.

Louise Viljoen is Professor in the Department of Afrikaans and Dutch at SU.

Sibusiso Vil-Nkomo is Professor and Executive Director: Institutional Advancement at UP and a previous Treasurer of ASSAf.

Daniel Visser is DVC: Research at UCT and a Professor of Law.

Renuka Vithal is DVC for Teaching and Learning at UKZN.

Wilma Viviers is Professor in International Trade, Director of the TRADE (Trade and Development) focus area at the NWU and WTO (World Trade Organisation) Chair holder.

James Andrew (Jimmy) Volmink is Dean and Professor of Community Health in the Faculty of Medi- cine and Health Sciences at SU.

109 Gerhard von Gruenewaldt is retired Vice-President of the NRF and a private consultant in the areas of science policy, evaluations and research infrastructure.

Hester (Esté) Vorster is a Research Professor in Nutrition at the NWU and a previous General Secretary of ASSAf.

Lyn Wadley is an Honorary Professor of Archaeology at Wits.

Yusuf Waghid is Distinguished Professor of Philosophy of education at SU.

Anthony David Mortimer Walker is Emeritus Professor and Honorary Research Associate in Physics at UKZN.

Melanie Walker is SARChI Chair in Higher Education and Human Development and Director of the Centre for Research on Higher Education and Development at UFS.

Brian Warner is Distinguished Emeritus Professor of Natural Philosophy and a Senior Scholar at UCT.

Herman Wasserman is Professor at the Centre for Film and Media Studies, UCT.

Vanessa Jane Watson is Professor in the School of Architecture, Planning and Geomatics at UCT.

Paula Watt is Professor in Biology at the School of Life Sciences, UKZN.

Alan Weinberg is Emeritus Professor of English at Unisa and contracted to the Research Department of Unisa.

Mark Charles Wentzel is Professor with the Water Research Group in the Department of Civil Engineer- ing at UCT.

Patricia Ann Whitelock is an Astronomer with the South African Astronomical Observatory and Adjunct Professor at UCT.

Alan Whiteside OBE is CIGI Chair in Global Health Policy, at the Balsillie School of International Affairs, and Wilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo, Canada and an Emeritus Professor of UKZN.

Anna-Lise Williamson is Professor in the Division of Medical Virology in the Department of Clinical Labo- ratory Sciences at UCT.

Carolyn Williamson is Professor and Head of the Division of Medical Virology at UCT.

Francis Wilson is Emeritus Professor in Economics at UCT.

Brenda Wingﬁ eld is Deputy Dean of Natural and Agricultural Sciences and Professor of Genetics at UP.

Michael Wingﬁ eld is Professor and Director of the Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute at UP.

Marié Philliphina Wissing is Professor in Psychology and Researcher in the African Unit for Transdiscipli- nary Health Research at NWU.

Charles Shey Wiysonge is Professor of Community Health and Deputy Director of the Centre for Evi- dence-based Health Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SU; and Chief Specialist Scientist at the MRC.

David Randle Woods was Vice-Chancellor of RU and DVC: Research at UCT.

Laurence Stuart Wright is Senior Research Associate at NWU.

Xiaohua Xia is a Professor in the Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering Department, UP.

110 Hong-Kun Xu is Chair Professor and Dean of College of Science at the National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Derek Yach is Executive Director at The Vitality Institute and Senior Vice-President, The Vitality Group (subsidiary of Discovery Holdings).

Heather Zar is Professor and Head of the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Director of the School of Child and Adolescent Health and Director of the Division of Paediatric Pulmonology at UCT.

Alphose Zingoni is Professor of Structural Engineering and Head of the Department of Civil Engineering at UCT.

Foreign Associates Sydney Brenner is a two-time recipient of the Canada Gairdner International Award and the 2002 Nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology or Medicine. He has been widely recognised as one of the key contributors to the understanding of modern molecular biology, programmed cell death (apoptosis), and the role of genes in organ development. He has been instrumental not only in shaping the understanding of modern molecular genetics and cell biology but his research using C. elegans has been fundamental to its adoption as a model organism worldwide. He was proleptic Director of the MRC Laboratory where he later set up a Unit of Molecular Genetics based in the Department of Medicine. He founded The Molecular Sciences Institute in California, USA. He retired from the Institute in 2000 and in 2001 was appointed a Distinguished Professor in the Salk Institute for Biological Studies.

Mohamed Hassan is the Past-President of the African Academy of Sciences (AAS) and NASAC and current Co-chair of the IAP. He was a Professor and Dean in the School of Mathematical Sciences, Khartoum University, Sudan and he served as the Executive Director of TWAS. He is a Fellow of TWAS, the AAS and the Islamic World Academy of Sciences. He championed the founding of the AAS and NASAC and in particular, he assisted ASSAf in its infancy phase by ensuring that it reaped the beneﬁ ts from capacity building grants, which saw ASSAf playing a crucial role in issues such as water, science education, biosecurity and scientiﬁ c writing in Africa.

111 111 112112 ANNEXURE B – SAYAS Member Biographies

Esther Akinlabi is an Associate Professor and the Head of Department, Department of Mechanical Engi- neering Science, UJ. She specialises in Friction Stir Welding and Additive Manufacturing Processes.

John Ele-Ojo Ataguba is a Senior Lecturer at the Health Economics Unit, UCT.

Alex Broadbent specialises in Philosophy and is an Associate Professor at UJ.

Mpfariseni Budeli specialises in Law and is a Professor at Unisa.

Tiri Chinyoka is a Lecturer in the Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics at UCT.

Shadreck Chirikure specialises in Archaeology – Iron Age, Heritage Studies, Archaeometallurgy and is Senior Lecturer at UCT.

Yahya Choonara specialises in Pharmaceutics and is an Associate Professor at Wits.

Mokhotjwa (Simon) Dhlamini is an Associate Professor in the Department of Physics at Unisa.

Anél du Plessis is Professor of Law at NWU.

Lisa Claire du Toit is a Senior Lecturer of Pharmaceutical Chemistry in the Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Wits.

Andrea Fuller is a Professor in the School of Physiology at Wits.

Avinash Govindjee is Professor of Law and Head of the Department of Public Law at NMMU.

Marieka Gryzenhout specialises in taxonomic studies of the cryphonectriaceae and is a Senior Lec- turer at UFS.

Vishnu Jejjala is the NRF/DST Research Chair in Theoretical Particle Cosmology at Wits.

Louis Kotzé is Professor of Law at NWU.

Genevieve Langdon is an Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at UCT.

Aliza le Roux is a Senior Lecturer and subject head at the Department of Zoology and Entomology at the UFS’s Qwaqwa campus.

Christine Lochner is an Associate Professor and Co-director of the US/UCT MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders at SU.

Regina Maphanga is an Associate Professor at the Materials Modelling Centre, UL.

Mandisa Mbali is a Lecturer in the Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology at SU.

Lyndy McGaw is an Associate Professor at UP and is Leader of the Phytomedicine Programme.

Andrew McKechnie is a Professor in the Department of Zoology and Entomology at UP.

Penny Moore is a Reader/Associate Professor at the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Wits and CAPRISA.

Patience Mthunzi is a Senior Scientist at the National Laser Centre of the CSIR.

113113 Voster Muchenje is a Research Professor and Co-holder of the DST/NRF SARChI in Meat Science and is based at UFH.

Mmboniseni Mulaudzi is an Associate Professor in the Department of Decision Sciences at Unisa.

Jeff Murugan is an Associate Professor of Mathematical Physics in the Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics at UCT, specialising in String Theory and Quantum Gravity.

Bronwyn Myers is an Associate Professor and a Specialist Scientist in the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Re- search Unit of the MRC.

Sershen Naidoo is a Lecturer in Plant Ecophysiology and Head of the Plant Ecophysiology Research Group at UKZN.

Fulufhelo Nelwamondo is a Principal Researcher and the acting Executive Director: CSIR Modelling and Digital Science Unit.

Tolu Oni is a Senior Research Medical Ofﬁ cer within the Clinical Infectious Disease Research Initiative and the Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research at UCT.

Tiaan Oosthuizen is Head of the Rapid Product Development laboratory at SU.

Marlien Pieters is a Professor in the Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, NWU.

Marnie Potgieter is a Research Fellow in the Department of Physiology at UP.

Mathieu Rouget is a Professor at UKZN and holder of the SARChI Chair in Land Use Planning and Manage- ment.

Amos Saurombe is a Professor of Law and Head of Graduate Studies at Unisa.

Alta Schutte is MRC Unit Director for the Unit on Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension; and the SARChI Chair in the Early Detection and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in South Africa based at the NWU.

114 Jerome Amir Singh is Head of Ethics and Law at CAPRISA, UKZN.

Bernard Slippers is a Professor of Genetics in the Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute at UP.

Erick Strauss is a Professor in the Department of Biochemistry at SU.

Aldo Stroebel is Executive Director International Relations and Cooperation at the NRF and Visiting Fellow at the Institute for African Development, Cornell University, USA.

De Wet Swanepoel is a Professor in the Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, UP.

John Terblanche is an Associate Professor in the Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology at SU.

Christina Thobakgale is a Senior Lecturer and Researcher at the HIV Pathogenesis Programme at UKZN.

Ernst van der Wal is a Lecturer in Visual Studies at the Visual Arts Department of SU.

Joanna Vearey is an Associate Professor at the African Centre for Migration and Society, Wits.

Marietjie Venter is an Associate Professor, Zoonosis Research Unit, Medical Virology, UP and One Health Programme Director, Global Disease Detection, US Centres for Disease Control and Preven- tion, South Africa site ofﬁ ce.

Amanda Weltman is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics at UCT.

Caradee Wright is a Specialist Scientist in the Environment & Health Research Unit at the MRC and an Extraordinary Lecturer in the Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology at UP.

Sahal Yacoob is a Lecturer in the Department of Physics at UCT.

115 116116 ANNEXURE C – SAAE Member Biographies

Christiaan Aldrich is Professor at Curtin University, Perth, Australia.

Mark Alexander is Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at UCT and Director of the Concrete Materials and Structural Integrity Research Unit at UCT.

Nazir Alli is CEO of the South African National Roads Agency Ltd.

Salim Amod is the founder and Managing Director of Development & Engineering Consultants (Pty) Ltd.

Francois Anderson is Chief Radar and EW System Engineer at the CSIR unit for Defence Peace Safety and Security (DPSS) and a CSIR Fellow.

Hans Auret is retired Managing Director of Claassen Auret Inc Consulting Engineers.

Ricado Badiali is a mechanical consulting engineer and owner and Director of RB Engineering.

Yunus Ballim is Professor in the School of Civil & Environmental Engineering at Wits.

Trevor Balzer is Chief Operations Ofﬁ cer in the Department of Water Affairs.

Robert Barbour is retired Executive Chairman of Mozal.

Nic Barcza is retired Director Oriel Resources Ltd and Executive Consultant to Mintek.

Danie Barnard is retired Chief Engineer Infrastructure, Transnet Freight Rail.

James Barnard is Global Practice and Technology Leader with Black & Veatch in Kansas City, USA.

Willem Barnard is Executive Chairman of VASTech (Pty) Ltd and Extraordinary Professor of the SU.

Gerrit Basson is Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering, SU.

Thinus Basson is retired Executive Director of BKS and Senior Advisor at Hatch.

Coen Bester is Founder CEO of BrainWorks Management (Pty) Ltd.

Ed Bojé is Professor and Head of Department of Electrical Engineering, UCT.

Tony Boniface is retired Director and now Consultant to Gibb.

Johan Bosman is Director of Sciendum Academy (Pty) Ltd.

David Botha is retired Executive Director of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering(SAICE) and Ward Councillor Overstrand Municipality.

Liesbeth Botha is Partner/Director at PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) South Africa.

Pieter Bredell is an independent Nuclear Consultant.

David Brink is retired Chairman of Murray & Roberts Holdings Limited.

Andries Burger is Professor and Departmental Chairman, Process Engineering, SU.

Colin Carter is retired Director of Ninham Shand Consulting Engineers.

Malose Chaba is Chief Operating Ofﬁ cer: Aggregates and Readymix of AfriSam.

117 Peter Clogg is retired CEO of Group Five.

Vernon Collis is a professional structural engineer and an architect and a Director of Collis & Associ- ates.

Pieter Cox is retired Chief Executive and Chairman, Sasol Limited.

Ian Craig is Professor and Group Head of the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer En- gineering, UP.

Frank Crowley is retired Managing Director of Grinaker-LTA Ltd.

John Cruise is retired consulting mining engineer and an Honorary Adjunct Professor in the School of Mining Engineering at Wits.

Jan de Beer is retired CEO of Eskom Enterprises, now consultant in power generation.

Bram de Klerk is Group Executive of Sasol Limited.

Antonie de Klerk is Executive Director and Professor, UP.

Giel de Lange is retired Managing Director at IST Nuclear Power Systems.

Louis de Waal is retired Chairman of HHO Africa and Past-President (1990) of SAICE and now Chair- man of NGO Bicycling Empowerment Network (BEN).

Marius de Waal is retired Chairman of IDC, Iscor, Transnet and Siemens.

Pieter de Waal is retired Manager Technology of Billiton Aluminium Ltd and Executive Director at Blue Cube Systems (Pty) Ltd.

Tania Douglas is Professor of Biomedical Engineering at UCT, Deputy Dean for Research in the UCT Faculty of Health Sciences and Director of the MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit.

Johann du Plessis is retired Managing Director of BKS (Pty) Ltd.

Willem du Preez is retired Programme Manager: Fuel Manufacturing Industrialisation at PBMR (Pty) Ltd.

Madeleine du Toit is Professor in the Department of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineer- ing at the University of Wollongong, Australia.

George Ekama is Professor of Water Quality Engineering in the Department of Civil Engineering, UCT.

Con Fauconnier is retired Chief Executive Ofﬁ cer of Exxaro Resources Ltd.

Brian Figaji is retired Vice-Chancellor of the Peninsula Technikon and now a Director of companies.

Jack Fletcher is Professor of Chemical Engineering, UCT.

Robert Fröhling is Principal Engineer, Mechanical Technology at Transnet Freight Rail.

Musa Furumele is Chief Executive of Gandlati Strategic Equity (Pty) Ltd.

Andrie Garbers-Craig is Professor, Anglo American Chair in Pyrometallurgy and Head: Centre for Py- rometallurgy, Department of Materials Science & Metallurgical Engineering, UP.

Ferdie Geyer is retired Chairman of G H Marais & Partners.

David Glasser is at Unisa’s College of Science, Engineering and Technology and an Honorary Profes- sor at Wits.

118 Trueman Goba is Chairman of Hatch Goba (Pty) Ltd and Member of the National Planning Commission.

John Gregg is retired Chairman of Gibb Africa.

Sybrand Grobbelaar is retired CEO of Grintek Limited.

Louis Grobler is Dean of the Faculty of Engineering, NWU.

Sue Harrison holds the South African DST/NRF Research Chair in Bioprocess Engineering, is the Director of CeBER and Deputy Dean of Engineering and the Built Environment, UCT.

Ralph Havenstein is the former Chief Executive Ofﬁ cer of Angloplatinum.

John Havinga is retired Managing Director of the Mining Products Division of Grinaker-LTA Limited.

Stephan Heyns is Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, UP.

Diane Hildebrandt is at Unisa’s College of Science, Engineering and Technology.

Emile Horak is a founding partner of KUBU Consultancy (Pty) Ltd and Emile Horak and Associates (Pty) Ltd.

Stefan Hrabar is Director of Mirlem (Pty) Limited.

Fred Hugo is retired Director of the Institute of Transport Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, SU.

Dave Hulbert is Specialist Consultant, Hydrometallurgy at Mintek.

Nelson Ijumba is Honorary Professor of Electrical Engineering, UKZN and Deputy Vice-Chancellor Aca- demic Affairs and Research, University of Rwanda.

Sunny Iyuke is Professor in the School of Chemical & Metallurgical Engineering, Wits.

David Jacobson is an international consultant.

Abbas Jamie is Head of Business Development Aurecon Group.

Herman Joubert is Managing Member of Tech IQ Consulting Engineers CC.

Johan Joubert is Professor in the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, UP.

Elsabe Kearsley is Head of the Department of Civil Engineering, UP.

Carl Kies is CEO of Reutech Radar Systems.

Andrew Kirby is Senior Vice-President: Corporate Administration, Toyota South Africa Motors.

Hansie Knoetze is Dean of the Faculty of Engineering, SU.

Bingle Kruger is retired CEO, BKS Group (Pty) Ltd (now AECOM).

Bea Lacquet is Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Wits.

Allyson Lawless is Managing Director at SAICE Professional Development and Projects and Allyson Law- less and Associates (Pty) Ltd.

Steve Lennon is retired Group Executive: Sustainability at Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd.

Barry Lessing is retired Deputy Managing Director, Transnet.

119 Alison Lewis is Dean of the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment (EBE), UCT.

Philip Lloyd is Research Professor at the Energy Institute of CPUT.

Pierre Lombard is retired General Manager of Spoornet.

Leon Lorenzen is Director of Studies at Mintrex Pty Ltd in Perth, Australia and Extraordinary Professor at the Department of Process Engineering, SU.

Willem Louw is retired Managing Director of Sasol Technology and currently Director of the Centre for Business Management of Projects, SU.

Hylton Macdonald is retired Construction Advisor Aveng Ltd and Director of HKM Consulting.

Neil Macleod is retired Head: Water and Sanitation in the eThekwini Municipality.

Thembinkosi Madikane is Managing Director of Igoda Projects (Pty) Ltd.

Nape Maepa is retired Chairman of the SA Telecommunications Regulatory Authority.

Danai Magugumela is Managing Director at Bosch Stemele.

Sunil Maharaj is Dean of the Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, UP.

James Maina is Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, UP

Thoko Majozi holds the NRF/DST Chair in Sustainable Process Engineering at Wits.

Jan Malherbe is Professor in the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, UP.

Trevor Manuel was Minister in The Presidency: National Planning Commission.

Roy Marcus is Chairman of The Da Vinci Institute for Technology Management and Chairman of the Council of UJ.

John Marriott is retired General Manager of SASOL.

Tshilidzi Marwala is Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Research at UJ.

Josua Meyer is Head of the Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering and Chairman of the School of Engineering, UP.

Petrie Meyer is Professor and Head of the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, SU.

Rodney Milford is Programme Manager: Construction Industry Performance at the Construction Indus- try Development Board.

Maﬁ ka Mkwanazi is Chairman of Western Areas Ltd, Letseng Diamonds and OrlyFunt Holdings.

Allen Morgan is Chairman of Biotherm Energy (Pty) Ltd and retired CEO of Eskom.

Dawid Mostert is retired CEO of Dorbyl and Past-President of SEIFSA.

Floris Muller is Director /CEO, MLS Test Systems (Pty) Ltd.

Mike Muller is Commissioner in the National Planning Commission and visiting Adjunct Professor at the Wits University School of Governance.

Johann Murray is Managing Director of Ultimate Air Solutions (Pty) Ltd and retired Founder Principal of MBB Consulting Engineers.

120 Dempsey Naidoo is Managing Director of Mott MacDonald PDNA.

William Nairn is retired Group Technical Director, Anglo American Plc.

Felix Ndlovu is General Manager, Rail Network (Rehabilitation & Construction), Transnet Freight Rail.

Mongezi Ntsokolo is Group Executive of the Eskom Transmission Division.

Gerald Nurick is Professor of Mechanical Engineering, UCT.

Cyril O’Connor is an Emeritus Professor and Senior Research Scholar at UCT.

Adi Paterson is Chief Executive Ofﬁ cer of the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisa- tion.

Willem Perold is Vice-Dean of Research in the Faculty of Engineering, SU.

Bryan Perrie is Managing Director of the Concrete Institute.

Francis Petersen is Deputy Vice-Chancellor, UCT and a previous Treasurer at ASSAf.

Terry Pidgeon is Specialist Consulting Engineer at Ultimate Raft Designs and Director of Research at the Centre for Excellence in Foundation Engineering (CEFE).

Willie Pienaar is Managing Director, Tolplan Consulting (Pty) Ltd.

Graham Pirie is retired CEO of Consulting Engineers South Africa (CESA).

Calie Pistorius is Vice-Chancellor of the University of Hull in the UK and former Vice-Chancellor of UP.

Chris Pistorius is Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at the Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh in the USA.

Tony Press is Projects Executive at Algoa Project Services.

Tinus Pretorius is Professor, Head of Department and Chairman of the Graduate School of Technology Management, UP.

Vic Prins is Director Business Line Aviation of Royal HaskoningDHV South in the Netherlands.

Bob Pullen is retired Deputy CEO of BKS.

Deresh Ramjugernath is Pro Vice-Chancellor: Innovation, Commercialisation, and Entrepreneurship, UKZN.

Daya Reddy holds the South African Research Chair in Computational Mechanics in the Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, UCT.

Tony Redman is Group Technical Director and Chairman of Anglo Coal.

Felix Reinders is Research Team Manager: Irrigation and Drainage Engineering at the Agricultural Re- search Council’s Institute for Agricultural Engineering.

Christine Render is retired Executive Manager Engineering at Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd.

Paul Roberts is an independent specialist consultant on water resources and water engineering.

Howard Roberts is an oil and gas project consultant.

Gustav Rohde is Chief Operating Ofﬁ cer of Aurecon.

121 Albert Rooseboom is Emeritus Professor in Hydraulics, Faculty of Engineering, SU.

John Sampson is retired Managing Director of Transportation and Trafﬁ c Technology Africa (Pty) Ltd and now a consultant.

Roelf Sandenbergh is retired Dean of the Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Tech- nology, UP.

Adriaan Scheeres is CEO and co-founder of Pragma.

Arnold Schoonwinkel is Vice-Rector for Learning and Teaching, SU.

Mike Shand is a consultant at Aurecon.

Pepi Silinga is Chief Executive of the COEGA Development Corporation.

Johan Slabber is Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, UP.

Dick Stacey is Professor Emeritus of the School of Mining Engineering, Wits.

Bob Stanway is retired Executive Director: Transportation in the City of Johannesburg.

David Stephenson is Emeritus Professor of Hydraulic Engineering, Wits and Adjunct Professor, University of Botswana.

Jasper Steyn is Director: Automotive Focus Group in the Department of Engineering and Technology Management, UP.

Herman Steyn is Professor in Electronic Engineering and Head of the Department of Electrical and Elec- tronic Engineering, SU.

Pieter Strauss is retired member of management in BKS and works as specialist consultant.

Waldo Stumpf is Professor and Acting Head of the Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, UP.

Harry Swart is Manager of the business processes service line at Bentley West Management Consultants.

Willem van Biljon is Technical Manager at DCD Protected Mobility in Isando.

Jack van der Merwe is CEO, Gautrain.

Nielen van der Merwe is Visiting Professor, School of Mining Engineering at the University of the Witwa- tersrand and rock engineering consultant.

Pieter van der Walt is Consultant at Reutech Radar Systems and Professor Extraordinary in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, SU.

122 Jannie van der Westhuizen is retired Group General Manager of Sasol Limited.

Frank van Duuren is a retired consulting engineer/specialist in water and public health engineering.

Willem van Niekerk is Senior Vice-President, Tronox, USA.

Wikus van Niekerk is Director of the Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies, SU.

Peter van Niekerk is retired Water Resources Engineering Expert in the Department of Water Affairs.

Theo van Robbroeck is retired Director-General of the Department of Public Works.

Eric van Steen is Professor of Chemical Engineering in the Department of Chemical Engineering, UCT.

Daan van Wyk is Visiting Professor, UJ.

Arnold van Zyl is Rector of the Chemnitz University of Technology in Germany.

Olaus van Zyl is retired CEO BKS Group (Pty) Ltd and Project Coordinator Gautrain Project.

Kit Vaughan is Emeritus Professor of Biomedical Engineering, UCT and CEO of CapeRay Medical (Pty) Ltd.

Kobus Venter is a retired Divisional Director of BKS (AECOM) and presently consults through Dr J P Ven- ter Consulting Services.

Alex Visser is Emeritus Professor of the Department of Civil Engineering, UP.

Fritz Wagener is retired CEO of Jones & Wagener and presently Director of Fritz Wagener & Associates.

Kevin Wall is a development consultant and Extraordinary Professor, Faculty of Engineering, UP.

Ronald Watermeyer is Director of Infrastructure Options (Pty)Ltd

Allan Wijnberg is Director CEO of PRDW (Pty) Ltd Consulting Port and Coastal Engineers.

Rob Williamson is retired Director of Knight Piésold (Pty) Limited.

Dave Wright is retired Special Advisor to the CEO/MD, Engen Petroleum Ltd.

Xiaohua Xia is Professor in Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, UP.

John Zietsman is founding Director of Zietsman Lloyd & Hemsted.

Alphose Zingoni is Professor of Structural Engineering and Mechanics in the Department of Civil Engi- neering, UCT.

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