Directorate-General FOR Internal Policies POLICY DEPARTMENT Directorate-General FOR Internal Policies STRUCTURAL AND COHESION POLICIES B

POLICY DEPARTMENT STRUCTURAL AND COHESION POLICIES B

Role The Policy Departments are research units that provide specialised advice to committees, inter-parliamentary delegations and other parliamentary bodies. Publications

Policy Areas Agriculture and Rural Development Catalogue Culture and Education Fisheries Regional Development Transport and Tourism Agriculture and Rural Development

Documents Culture and Education Visit the European Parliament website: http://www.europarl.europa.eu Fisheries

Regional Development Publications Transport and Tourism Catalogue

PE_CoverCatalogue_2008.2470 1 2/13/09 4:49:43 PM j

DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES

POLICY DEPARTMENT B STRUCTURAL AND COHESION POLICIES

PUBLICATIONS CATALOGUE

PE 405.401 EN RESPONSIBLE ADMINISTRATOR

Irina Popescu Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies European Parliament E-mail: [email protected]

EDITORIAL ASSISTANCE

Virginija Kelmelytė Bartosz Ptasznik

LINGUISTIC VERSIONS

This publication is available in English.

ABOUT THE EDITOR

To contact the Policy Department or to subscribe to its monthly newsletter please write to: [email protected]

Manuscript completed in May 2012. Brussels, © European Parliament, 2012.

This document is available on the Internet at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/studies

DISCLAIMER

The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament.

Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorized, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy. Publications Catalogue ______

FOREWORD

Effective Parliamentary work relies on specialised, objective, high-quality and up-to-date information. To this end, five units responsible for research, analysis and policy advice, known as 'Policy Departments' were created. Their activities cover all areas of competence of the European Parliament. They produce high level independent advice, based on research carried out either in-house or by external researchers.

Policy Departments deliver a wide range of documents, comprising texts as diverse as in- depth analyses of complex legislative issues, comparative studies, and short background notes. These tools aim to support the work of the parliamentary bodies. They serve a variety of purposes: they can feed directly into the legislative work of a specific committee or serve as a briefing for delegations of Members. Apart from a few confidential documents, all texts produced by the Policy Departments are published on the Parliament's website for the benefit of all Members and the wider public.

In order to inform the wider public about its publications, Directorate B Structural and Cohesion Policies has put together a catalogue of research carried out by the Policy Department affiliated to the Directorate. The work of this Policy Department covers five policy areas corresponding to five parliamentary committees: Agriculture and Rural Development; Culture and Education; Fisheries; Regional Development; and Transport and Tourism.

The catalogue provides an overview of recent publications (2004-2010) in the five policy areas. Short summaries describe the content of each document. Abbreviations inform the reader about the range of available language versions.

The list of publications is provided hereafter. The reader is invited to either consult them online or request hard copies for further reading.

The full-text versions of all documents are available in the Parliament's study database at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/studies

Ismael Olivares Martinez Director Directorate B: Structural and Cohesion Policies Directorate General for Internal Policies of the Union

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD III

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS VII

AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT - AGRI 1

CULTURE AND EDUCATION - CULT 33

FISHERIES - PECH 53

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT - REGI 79

TRANSPORT AND TOURISM - TRAN 97

HORIZONTAL ISSUES 117

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

BG Български

CS Čeština

DA Dansk

DE Deutsch

EL Ελληνικά

EN English

ES Español

ET Eesti keel

FI Suomi

FR Français

HU Magyar

IT Italiano

LT Lietuvių kalba

LV Latviešu valoda

MT Malti

NL Nederlands

PL Polski

PT Português

RO Română

SK Sloven čina

SL Slovenščina

SV Svenska

vii Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

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AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT - AGRI

The AGRI Committee is responsible for: 1. The operation and development of the common agricultural policy; 2. Rural development, including the activities of the relevant financial instruments; 3. Legislation on: a. veterinary and plant-health matters, animal feeding stuffs provided such measures are not intended to protect against risks to human health, b. animal husbandry and welfare; 4. The improvement of the quality of agricultural products; 5. Supplies of agricultural raw materials; 6. The Community Plant Variety Office; 7. Forestry.

Rural development and territorial cohesion in the new CAP Jan Douwe VAN DER PLOEG, University of Wageningen, NL This note examines the role of rural development in the CAP after 2013. It pays special attention to the way rural development might help to address the adverse effects of the economic crisis on rural areas. The note also discusses the possibilities of overcoming problems that threaten the legitimacy of rural development policy. It is argued that the attention given to competitiveness and innovation as generic concepts threatens to distort rural development in the 2014-2020 period. This will be especially detrimental for territorial integration.

Note: EN February 2012 PE 474.529 46 pages

New Direct Payments Scheme: targeting and redistribution in the future CAP Alan Swinbank, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, UK The Commission has proposed that a revised version of the present regime should be rolled forward into the post-2013 CAP. There would be a limited redistribution of funds between Member States. Thirty per cent of the budget would be allocated to a new greening component, which would be problematic in the WTO. Non-active farmers would not qualify for aid; and payments would be capped. Special schemes would be introduced for small farmers, for young new entrants, and for disadvantaged regions.

Note: EN February 2012 PE 474.528 74 pages

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The CAP in the Multiannual Financial Framework 2014/2020 Felice Adinolfi, Jonathan Little, Albert Massot, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This is the third working paper written by Policy Department B on Common Agricultural Policy Reform. The purpose of this document is to provide an analysis of the Commission’s Communication on “A Budget for Europe 2020”, with the aim of facilitating the legislative work of the MEPs relating to the next reform of the CAP. After a description of the historical evolution of the European budget and spending on the Common Agricultural Policy, the paper explores the new proposed Multiannual Financial Framework for the 2014–2020 period, with particular reference to the CAP budget and its various components.

Note: October 2011 PE 460.067 56 pages Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, PL, PT

The Agriculture of the Canary Islands Albert Massot, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note has been drafted as a supporting document for the European Parliament Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development in its mission to the Canary Islands in August 2011. It comprises: 1) an introduction presenting the major physical data and certain historical references; 2) a special section on the political and economic framework of the Islands; and 3) a third section which examines agriculture in the Canary Islands in the framework of the European Union, its major sources of funding and the risk factors affecting its main products (involving the impact of the WTO banana panel and renewal of the agricultural protocol to the Association Agreement with Morocco in particular).

Note: June 2011 PE 460.050 43 pages Available in: DE, EL, EN, ES, IT, PL, PT, RO

What Tools for the European Agricultural Policy to Encourage the Provision of Public Goods? Kaley Hart, David Baldock, IEEP, Peter Weingarten, Bernhard Osterburg, vTI, Andrea Povellato, Francesco Vanni, INEA, Corrado Pirzio-Biroli, Alison Boyes, RISE Foundation Agriculture plays an important role in the provision of a wide range of public goods in Europe, particularly regarding the environment and rural vitality. Appropriate policies are required to secure adequate provision in future. The Common Agricultural Policy potentially has a key role. This report examines some of the issues involved in reorienting the CAP for this purpose and proposes how it could be modified to contribute to the provision of public goods more effectively in the future.

Study: 119 pages June 2011 PE 460.053 ISBN 978-92-823-3466-9 Available in: DE, EN, FR, PL

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The CAP in the EU Budget: New Objectives and Financial Principles for the Review of the Agricultural Budget After 2013 Roberto Henke, Fabio Pierangeli, Roberta Sardone, Istituto Nazionale di Economia Agraria, Riccardo Crescenzi, Fabrizio De Filippis, Mara Giua, University of Roma Tre, Nadège Chambon, Notre Europe, Luca Salvatici, University of Molise We are at the eve of a possible review of the EU budget and, at the same time, of a key CAP reform. The two issues are tightly connected and influencing each other and the outcomes will be mainly determined by the timing of the reforms. In this study we present some alternative scenarios that keep together different hypotheses of EU budget review and CAP reform, looking at how the net balances of Member States change accordingly. The instrument of the net balance is key in understanding the costs and benefits of the Member States in each scenario and their consequent positions in favour or against a reform proposal.

Study: 156 pages May 2011 PE 460.054 ISBN 978-92-823-3500-0 Available in: DE, EN, FR

What Market Measures in the Future CAP after 2013? Department of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences, Research Centre for the Management of Agricultural and Environmental Risks (CEIGRAM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM, Spain) Market measures for new post-2013 CAP must help EU agriculture to cope with a different set of challenges than were relevant in the past. Pro-active market measures are preferred to re-active measures. Governments should help private markets to offer farmers the widest choice of instruments, and intervene only when these fail. This report focuses on market measures that the European Commission should consider, including market management instruments, such as storage or border protection, risk and crises management, rules to improve markets’ functioning or food access. Although not directly related with post-2013 market measures, the report makes a number of suggestions about the EU’s role in world food markets. It is suggested that the EU should take a leading role in making world food markets more transparent, creating effective market intelligence mechanisms, and reinforcing the regulatory mechanisms of commodities markets.

Study: April 2011 PE 460.044 92 pages Available in: EN

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The EU Fruit and Vegetables Sector: Overview and Post 2013 CAP Perspective Gaetana Petriccione (project manager), Crescenzo dell'Aquila (project leader), Maria Angela Perito, Roberto Solazzo, INEA (Istituto Nazionale di Economia Agraria), Antonio Cioffi, University of Naples Federico II, José-Maria Garcia-Alvarez-Coque,University of Valencia This study provides an overview of recent economic and policy developments of the EU F&V sector, considering ongoing changes in supply chains and market dynamics and current profiles of domestic and trade policies. Findings suggest that current difficulties for EU producers, particularly for small farming, arises mainly from long-term changes at different levels of the global F&V sector: consumers, retail and multinational agribusiness. The preliminary assessment of the 2007 reformed CMO, derived from both National Strategies and a survey targeting POs of Italy, Spain and France, validate the cornerstones of the current EU policy schemes for the F&V sector. However plausible improvements are envisaged for support and trade protection measures in the framework of the CAP after 2013. Main proposals focus a strengthened role of POs, selecting and increasing effectiveness of crises and risk management measures, rebalancing bargaining power of POs in the supply chain, reducing fluctuations in producers’ income, refining trade policy solutions in a context of increased trading openness and further integration with Mediterranean Partner Countries.

Study: EN 123 pages April 2011 PE 460.043 ISBN 978-92-823-3462-1

Agriculture in Croatia Jonathan Little, Directorate B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This briefing note is a guidance document for Members of the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development of the European Parliament who are part of the delegation to Croatia. The briefing note provides a general overview of the country’s geographical, economic and demographic situation and detailed information on the nature of its agricultural system. Note: March 2011 PE 460.035 29 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR, IT, RO

Petits Agriculteurs et Marches Locaux dans le Contexte de la Politique Europeenne de Qualite Gilles Allaire, Institut National de la Rercherche économique (INRA) Cette note propose un panorama d’ensemble et un cadre d’analyse des principaux éléments qui caractérisent la situation actuelle des marchés des produits de qualité du point des vue des petits agriculteurs et des marchés locaux. Les propositions du Paquet qualité sont resituées dans le contexte des transformations tendancielles de l’organisation des marchés, les perspectives de réforme de la PAC après 2013 et des propositions spécifiques concernant la petite agriculture et les fermes de subsistance. Sont successivement caractérisées les dynamiques de la petite agriculture, des filières de qualité spécifiques et des marchés locaux, en soulignant la dimension européenne et régionale de celles-ci.

Note: FR March 2011 PE 460.034 72 pages

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The Future of the Quality policy in the Light of the CAP Post-2013 Denis Pantini, Nomisma Spa, Economic Research Institute The quality policy is an integral part of the CAP and represents a useful instrument to enforce at the same time the competitiveness of the agricultural system and the vitality of the rural areas. With the "quality package", changes are introduced in the normative outline of the PDO, PGI and TSG products, with the objective of answering to the needs of both producers, for a sustainable profitability, and consumers, for a higher information and guaranty on the provenience of the products. Nevertheless, considering the magnitude of structural and socio-economical differences that mark the quality production systems across Europe, the possibility to make the system capable of answering to the different needs seems to be still open.

Note: EN March 2011 PE 460.033 38 pages

The CAP Towards 2020: Possible Scenarios for the Reallocation of the Budget for Direct Payments Felice Adinolfi, Jonathan Little and Albert Massot, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This is the second paper written by Policy Department B for the EP Working Group on Common Agricultural Policy Reform. The purpose of this document is to facilitate the legislative work of the MEPs relating to the next reform of the CAP. Based on a specific reference made in the Commission’s Communication of 18 November 2010, this paper focuses on some possible scenarios for limiting the gains and losses of Member States as part of the reallocation of the budget for direct payments. These scenarios are merely an illustration of the implications of using different allocation criteria and different methodologies for limiting the extent of the potential redistributions. Their selection should in no way be interpreted as being the recommendations of the Policy Department.

Note: March 2011 PE 460.032 39 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR

Direct Payments in the CAP post 2013 Stefan Tangermann, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Developpment, University of Göttingen The Communication identifies crucial challenges, above all the need for EU agriculture to provide public goods. However, only limited changes to the CAP are proposed. Rather than making a determined move towards targeted measures, direct payments are supposed to continue forming the backbone of the support regime. The “greening component” cannot really improve the targeting of payments. Redistribution of payments across Member States may or may not enhance equity and will not improve the provision of public goods.

Note: EN January 2011 PE 438.624 40 pages

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Market Policy and Risk and Crisis Management Instruments in the Post- 2013 CAP Vincent Chatellier, Institut National de la Rercherche économique (INRA) This report provides an analysis of the European Commission’s proposals regarding the CAP for 2020, while taking into account the work done at the same time within the European Parliament. The first part of the report concerns the compatibility of the CAP with the WTO, its financing, its two-pillar structure and the major innovation in the proposals, namely the redistribution and targeting of support. The second part discusses firstly instruments for regulating the agricultural markets and secondly tools for risk and crisis management.

Note: FR January 2011 PE 438.627 64 pages Available in: EN, FR

Rural Development in the CAP post 2013 Attila Jambor, Corvinus University of Budapest This note examines the role of rural development policy in the CAP after 2013. As the official Communication of the Commission on the future CAP remains at a high level of generality, many uncertainties exist regarding the role of rural development in the future. However, as the new framework seems to be set in place, this note examines the consistency of proposals which are aimed at meeting the predefined challenges and objectives as well as providing policy recommendations.

Note: EN January 2011 PE 438.625 38 pages

How to Promote the Role of Youth in Rural Areas of Europe? Professor Mark Shucksmith, Newcastle University This report provides an overview of the situation of young people in rural areas of the EU. Young people’s social inclusion is multi-dimensional, and often characterised by individualisation. The report offers an assessment of the effect of rural development policies on young people’s integration into rural social and economic life. In short, most rural policy ignores young people, and most youth policies neglect the rural dimension. Finally, the report suggests some possible ways to improve youth integration in EU rural areas in the context of policy reforms post-2013.

Note: EN November 2010 PE 438.620 45 pages

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How to improve the Role of Young Farmers in the European Agricultural Economy? Aldona Zawojska, Department of Economics and Economic Policy, Warsaw University of Life Sciences This study analysed the situation of the EU young farmers in relation to their share of total agricultural holders and land use as well as their participation in national and European support programmes. In many regions, the overall synergy between preferred priority policy objectives and age structures in agriculture is weak. The study also reviewed the obstacles facing both potential entrants into agriculture sector and young farmers, especially those starting-up in business, and proposed possible solutions for overcoming those barriers.

Note: EN November 2010 PE 438.619 47 pages

The CAP towards 2020: Working Paper on the EC Communication of 18 November 2010 Felice Adinolfi, Jonathan Little and Albert Massot, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This paper is written by Policy Department B for the Working Group on Common Agricultural Policy Reform, as agreed by the COMAGRI Coordinators on 27 October 2010. The purpose of this document is to facilitate the legislative work of the MEPs relating to the next reform of the CAP. It analyses the Commission’s Communication of 18 November 2010 on the basis of the European Parliament (EP) Resolution of 8 July 2010 and offers some suggested questions in order to help the EP with its response to the Commission’s proposals.

Note: EN November 2010 PE 438.618 84 pages

The Evaluation of the Impact of Reforms that Have Affected the Sector and the Needs of European Livestock System Alessandra Pesce, INEA - Istituto Nazionale di Economia Agraria The protein crop sector plays a strategic role in the agro-food chain and has positive environmental effects. Nevertheless, production has dramatically fallen in last five years. This note outlines the implications of the decline in protein crop production on EU livestock’s competitiveness and describes the main issues pertinent to EU policy options in the post 2013 scenario.

Note: EN October 2010 PE 438.592 31 pages

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Agriculture in Hungary Felice Adinolfi, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This briefing note is a guidance document for members of the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development of the European Parliament who are part of the delegation to Hungary. The briefing note provides a general overview of the country’s geographical, economic and demographic situation and detailed information on the nature of its agricultural system. Note: September 2010 PE 438.611 24 pages Available in: BG, DE, EN, ES, HU, IT

Personal and social development of women in rural areas of Europe Bettina B. Bock The present note provides an overview of the social situation of women in the rural areas of Europe. It looks into rural women’s work, political participation and their experience of the quality of life in rural areas. It describes the average situation of rural women and identifies the differences between rural areas and between social groups of women. It also looks into the effectiveness of rural development programmes and formulates recommendations for the CAP post 2013.

Note: EN September 2010 PE 438.608 48 pages

Women working on the farm: how to promote their contribution to the development of agriculture and rural areas in Europe? Dr. Sally Shortall This note provides an overview of the situation of women in farming across the European Union. It looks at women’s contribution to the farm labour force, their contribution to farm income through off-farm work and diversification activities. It examines patterns of land inheritance and differences between the way men and women access land to farm. It highlights differences between women on large and small farms, and more significantly, differences between women in the old and new Member States. It considers the political and legal framework of the EU and how it impacts on women on farms. Finally it offers some recommendations for the CAP post 2013.

Note: EN September 2010 PE 438.609 47 pages

L’Impact de la Dépendance de l’Europe en Protéines Yves Dronne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Rennes L'UE a toujours subi un déficit global de matières riches en protéines face à l'approvisionnement du secteur de l'alimentation animale. Cette note analyse l'évolution des marchés de protéagineux ainsi que les changements de la réglementation communautaire du secteur jusqu'au Bilan de Santé de 2009. Finalement, elle propose un éventail d'instruments de politique publique en vue de la relance de la production de protéagineux dans l'UE à 27.

Note: FR September 2010 PE 438.591 50 pages

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The Spanish Agricultural Insurance Scheme: National Experiences and Recommendations Looking at the CAP post 2013 Fernando J. Burgaz, Entidad Estatal de Seguros Agrarios - ENESA The growing uncertainties faced by agriculture can be successfully managed by means of insurance. The Spanish agricultural insurance scheme is based on a mixed “public/private” model and is designed to guarantee crop and livestock farmers coverage for any uncontrollable natural phenomenon. The system is consolidated, with an establishment of 55%, and it now has the experience to advance, bringing in new coverages such as market risks.

Note: EN May 2010 PE 438.593 39 pages

The Increase in Risk Exposure of the European farmers: EU and North American Tools - Looking at the CAP post 2013 Fabian Capitanio, University of Naples Federico II, ISMEA This note provides an extended analysis on private strategies that could be adopted by farmers to manage their risk and on the role that public policies might play in supporting such strategies, providing a comparison between EU and North American tools. The ultimate objective is the definition of a framework of policy instruments that could be adopted at EU-wide and at MS level to effectively confront the problem of risk and crises management in agriculture.

Note: EN May 2010 PE 438.594 41 pages

The Implementation of the "Health Check" of the CAP in the Member States, in Particular with Regard to the New Articles 68 and 69 of Regulation (EC) No. 73/2009 Eamonn Pitts, Seamus O’Grady and Hannes Wimmer, Metis GmbH The reforms of the common agricultural policy (CAP) have made its application more flexible and granted the Member States greater room for manoeuvre in terms of managing the policy. The latest CAP reform, or ‘Health Check’, adopted at the beginning of 2009 confirmed the regional single payment scheme as a reference model for the future. The aim of this study is to ascertain the implementing arrangements adopted by the Member States with regard to the provisions of Regulation (EC) No 73/2009. The study comprises a description of the implementing arrangements chosen in the 27 Member States, in particular in relation to decoupling, choice of payment system and use of Article 68, which permits specific national supports for farming within the overall Single Farm Payment. This is followed by a comparative analysis and conclusions.

Study: May 2010 PE 431.604 63 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR

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Commodity Price Volatility: Causes and Impact on the EU Agricultural Markets Bertrand Munier, Momagri Agricultural macroeconomic modelling has not yet adapted to the complexity of today’s world and cannot account for observed price volatility. Modelling financialized commodity markets requires a dynamics of anticipations under risk intertwined with economic dynamics, as defined here. Markets volatility doesn’t have one single cause and should be studied within global interconnected markets. Speculation appears as one major factor, together with monetary policy and some other well-known ones. Full liberalization of agriculture, if anything, should increase present volatility. Steps to limit volatility are suggested. The World GCE Momagri model could help defining a consistent policy in this respect.

Note: EN May 2010 PE 438.596 31 pages

Contraintes administratives et règles européennes dans le secteur agricole: impact sur la compétitivité de l'agriculture européenne M. Abdelhakim Hammoudi, INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique) Cette note a pour objectif de faire le point sur la problématique de la compétitivité des filières agricoles et agro-alimentaires soumises à de fortes contraintes réglementaires concernant la sécurité sanitaire des aliments. La question est abordée dans un contexte d’hétérogénéité internationale des exigences sanitaires et le travail s’appuie sur les développements de la recherche économique sur le sujet. Une des conclusions est que l’analyse doit intégrer à la fois l’analyse des coûts de conformité et les revenus escomptés des acteurs. Ces revenus dépendent des récentes évolutions des structures de filières à la fois au niveau européen et international. Ces évolutions sont dans certains cas, elles mêmes suscitées par les contraintes publiques en la matière.

Note: FR April 2010 PE 438.584 29 pages

Agriculture in Romania Felice Adinolfi, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This briefing note is a guidance document for members of the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development of the European Parliament who are part of the delegation to Romania. The briefing note provides a general overview of the country’s geographical, economic and demographic situation and detailed information on the nature of its agricultural system.

Note: April 2010 PE 438.581 20 pages Available in: DE, EL, EN, ES, FR, IT, PL, RO

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The Poultry and Egg Sectors: Evaluation of the Current Market Situation and Future Prospects Conrad Caspari, Edward Oliver, John Nganga and Mariana Ricci, Agra CEAS Consulting, Peter van Horne, LEI, Pascale Magdelaine, ITAVI This report examines the current situation in, and outlook for the European poultry and eggs sectors. The study was undertaken by Agra CEAS Consulting with input from LEI and ITAVI in the period January to May 2010. The study can be roughly broken into four parts: (1) a review of the current situation in the EU poultry and egg sectors; (2) an examination of current problems in the sectors; (3) analysis of animal welfare legislation in the sectors and its impact; and (4) conclusions and recommendations arising from the previous three sections.

Study: EN 111 pages April 2010 PE 438.590 ISBN 978-92-823-3239-9

Administrative Burdens and European Rules in the Agricultural Sector: the Impact on the Competitiveness of European Agriculture Abdelhakim Hammoudi, National Institute of Agronomic Research, INRA This note aims to review the issue of competitiveness of the agricultural and agri-food products under severe regulatory constraints on food safety. The question is addressed in a context of heterogeneity of international health requirements and the work is based on developments in economic research on the subject. One conclusion is that the analysis must incorporate both the analysis of compliance costs and revenues for the players. These revenues depend on the recent developments of the structures of clusters in both European and international level. These developments are in some cases, themselves raised by the public constraints on the matter.

Note: FR April 2010 PE 438.584 29 pages

EU Administrative Constraints and Rules in the Agriculture Sector in Relation to the International Trade Framework Maria Angela Perito, Istituto Nazionale di Economia Agraria - INEA This note aims to define, although briefly, the main factors influencing European agriculture on the international scene, in the context of multilateralism and bilateralism agreements. The angle of analysis chosen was the problem of food safety and its implications on international trade. The discussion of food safety was also seen as an inalienable human right to have guarantees that what you eat is not dangerous to your health.

Note: EN April 2010 PE 438.583 31 pages

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The Single Payment Scheme After 2013: New Approach, New Targets Jean-Christophe Bureau and Heinz-Peter Witzke (Coordinators), David Baldock, Jean- Christophe Bureau, Jean-Pierre Butault, Tamsin Cooper, Nathalie Delame, Emil Erjavec, Alexandre Gohin, Kaley Hart, Thomas Heckelei, Werner Kleinhanβ, Alan Matthews, Bettina Rudloff, Luca Salvatici, Heinz Peter Witzke, Valentin Zahrnt and Andrea Zintl, with contributions from Giovanni Anania, Csaba Forgacs, Jack Thurston and Jerzy Wilkin This study summarizes the developments of the EU Single Payment Scheme, its national implementation by Member States and provides an economic assessment of the scheme. The various proposals made to change the system of direct payments are examined and possible options for reforms are identified. A new system of direct payments for the next Financial Perspective is suggested. It involves a gradual reorientation of direct payments from income support to remuneration for the provision of public goods. Reform proposals for the remaining income support include cofinancing and a move towards a flatter system with a cap related to labour units. This proposal subscribes to subsidiarity, but the increased weight of remuneration for public goods would also call for a stronger harmonisation of the legislative baseline on which the system of EU payments rests.

Study: 173 pages January 2010 PE 431.598 ISBN 978-92-823-3179-8 Available in: DE, EN, FR

The Future of the CAP Beyond 2013: The Reform of Rural Development Policy Eduardo Ramos Real and Rosa Gallardo Cobos, Universidad de Córdoba The rural development policy in the European Union is in need of a significant revision as it has not been designed or managed as an integrated policy, but as the ‘little sister’ of agricultural policy. Although some consensus exists regarding policy objectives and the second pillar could be essential for legitimising the future of the CAP, agreement has yet to be reached on how to achieve these aims. This note examines the future of the rural policy, and a proposal of modification is made within the future CAP reform.

Note: 68 pages November 2009 PE 431.574 ISBN 978-92-823-3114-9

Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR

El Futuro de la PAC tras 2013: la reforma de la política de desarrollo rural Eduardo Ramos Real, Rosa Gallardo Cobos, Universidad de Córdoba, España La Política de Desarrollo Rural de la Unión Europea necesita una revisión en profundidad ya que ni ha sido diseñada ni gestionada como una política integrada, sino como la hermana menor de la Política Agraria. Aunque existe cierto consenso sobre sus objetivos y sobre que el segundo pilar puede ser esencial para legitimar el futuro de la PAC, no ocurre igual con las propuestas para alcanzarlos. En esta nota se analiza su pertinencia, y se hace una propuesta de futuro ligada a la reforma general de la PAC.

Note: ES 68 pages November 2009 PE 431.574 ISBN 978-92-823-3114-9

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La réforme des mécanismes de régulation des marchés M. Vincent Chatellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Cette communication propose une analyse portant sur les instruments de la régulation des marchés agricoles au sein de l’Union européenne, dans la perspective des évolutions futures de la PAC pour l’après 2013. Après avoir rappelé l’importance des soutiens budgétaires déployés par la PAC en faveur de la régulation des marchés et discuter des justifications à une intervention publique, l’analyse aborde successivement les droits de douane, les aides à l’exportation, les filets de sécurité (prix garantis), les instruments de gestion des risques, les quotas de production et les soutiens directs.

Note: FR 49 pages November 2009 PE 431.573 ISBN 978-92-823-3070-8

The Budgetary Aspects of the New CAP Payments Valentin Zahrnt This note examines the available political and scientific evidence that can shed some light on the likely post-2013 CAP budget. Substantial uncertainties exist with regard to funding availability, funding needs, and the relationship of the CAP with other policies. If the CAP moves boldly towards promoting European public goods, one can expect that a significantly smaller budget will be sufficient and that competition from other policy areas for EU funding will not constrain the future CAP during the next financial perspectives.

Note: 41 pages November 2009 PE 431.575 ISBN 978-92-823-3069-2 Available in: DE, EN, FR

Elements of the post 2013 CAP Allan Buckwell, Country Land and Business Association There is a real danger that three actions to reform the CAP single payments post-2013: to CUT, REDISTRIBUTE, AND TRANSFORM them, are going to be taken in this order. This should be reversed. We must first try and reach a consensus on the purpose of the CAP post 2013. This will dictate the nature and scale of EU funded payments to land managers, and thus the distribution of funds within and between the Member States. Then, and only then is it rational to decide the appropriate total EU budgetary resource.

Note: 43 pages November 2009 PE 431.572 ISBN 978-92-823-3069 Available in: DE, EN, FR

13 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

The Future of the CAP beyond 2013: The Reform of Market Regulation Mechanisms Vincent Chatellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA This report provides an analysis of the instruments used to regulate the European Union’s agricultural markets in the context of the changes to be made to the CAP beyond 2013. After stressing the importance of the budgetary support earmarked under the CAP for market regulation and discussing the grounds for public intervention, this note goes on to look at customs duties, export subsidies, safety nets (guaranteed prices), risk management instruments, production quotas and direct support.

Note: 45 pages November 2009 PE 431.573 ISBN 978-92-823-3130-9 Available in: DE, EN, FR

The Challenge of Deterioration of Agricultural Land in the EU and in Particular in Southern Europe José Arnáez, University of La Rioja, C. Kosmas and O. Kairis, Agricultural University of Athens, and Maria da Conceição Gonçalves, Instituto Nacional de Recursos Biológicos Soil degradation is a natural process accelerated by human activities and involves both the physical loss (erosion) and the reduction in quality of topsoil associated with nutrient decline and contamination. It has been caused by a number of factors many of which are tied to human development as deforestation, overexploitation, overgrazing, and industrialization. They have both localised and widespread impacts and affect soil quality for agriculture. This study aims to present the current situation of the European agricultural land and examine the possible options to stop or recover soil degradation.

Study: EN 92 pages September 2009 PE 431.571 ISBN 978-92-823-3064-7

The Impact of Increased Operating Costs on Meat Livestock in the European Union M. Topliff, ADHB Meat Services, Kees de Roest, CRPA, C. Roguet, IFIP, P. Chotteau, A. Mottet and P. Sarzeaud, Institut de l'Elevage, C. Deblitz, INTERBEV, P. Magdelaine, ITAVI, R. Hoste and P. Van Horne, LEI Wageningen UR The present study assesses the impact of the costs crisis of 2007 and 2008. The analysis is made for beef, pig, poultry and sheep livestock farming. Costs and incomes are compared for a panel of typical farms in 6 EU countries. Strengths and weaknesses of main meat farming systems are highlighted. Sensitivity of each system is tested against different 2014 scenarios. Finally, recommendations are made about possible actions.

Study: 265 pages August 2009 PE 419.109 ISBN 978-92-823-2866-8 Available in: EN Summary: DE EN ES FR IT PL

14 Publications Catalogue ______

Alternative and Sustainable Production for Tobacco Cultivated Areas in the European Union Udo Kienle, Universität Hohenheim, Hans-Peter Kaul, Universität für Bodenkultur, Basil Manos, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Petros Lolas, University of Thessalia, Pilar Solano, ADESVAL, Flaminia Ventura, University of Perugia The EU has been supporting tobacco sector since 1970 through a Common Market Organisation (CMO). The regime has been substantially reformed many times and most recently CAP reform 2005 aims to phase out the subside payment for tobacco cultivation. This study determines diversification alternatives to the Tobacco cultivated areas that will ensure high income for the farmers, equal to the tobacco crop, and will maintain the highest number of both holdings and hectares in production and the highest number of employees in the Tobacco growing regions.

Study: EN 136 pages June 2009 PE 419.114 ISBN 978-92-823-2969-6

Stocktake of the WTO Agricultural Negotiations after the Failures of the 2008 Talks Gide Loyrette Nouel, A.A.R.P.I. The present study provides an overview of the state of play of the WTO agricultural negotiations after the 2008 talks, and analyses the implications of the EC and US proposals for their respective agricultural policies. It draws conclusions and recommendations around possible scenarios of negotiations and about possible actions and changes to the CAP.

Study: EN 101 pages June 2009 PE 419.100 ISBN 978-92-823-2873-6

Agriculture in Croatia towards EU Membership Ekaterini Stavridi, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note is a supporting document for the "Conference on Agriculture and Enlargement" that will take place in Zagreb-Croatia (12-13/6/2009), providing a comprehensive overview of the agricultural sector in Croatia and a short description of the reform of its agricultural policy towards EU membership.

Note: EN May 2009 PE 419.099 28 pages

15 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

The CAP in the Face of the Economic and Financial Crisis Albert Massot Marti, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament When the US real estate bubble burst between 2007 and 2008, it signalled the start of a major international financial crisis leading to economic recession worldwide. It is now clear that the deterioration of the macroeconomic fabric all over the world is of a size and a duration not seen since 1929. It is against this backdrop that the current economic and financial crisis is disrupting a number of the parameters of the common agricultural policy (CAP): - Consideration must firstly be taken of the impact of the recession on the trend of agricultural commodity markets, and most particularly on world food demand. Within this context it may now be perceived that the crisis has put an end to the commodities bubble prevailing between 2006 and 2008, and world prices for agricultural products and food have already dropped to pre-2006 levels. - The crisis is likewise affecting various sectors and trends in agricultural production costs and revenue, which reassert the stabilising role of CAP aid. - Lastly, some account must be taken of the (asymmetric but global) impact on public finances, on the Community budget (in terms of own resources and expenditure) or on national budgets; an impact that may even force a review of the multiannual financial perspective in force (2007/2013) and seriously affect negotiation of the EU’s future financial framework. The sway held by the CAP over the Community budget could well have a major impact on the future expenditure allocated to agriculture. Moreover, increases in public debt and spending commitments already in place at national level to tackle the economic and banking crisis weaken the Member States’ cofinancing capacity.

Note: March 2009 PE 408.971 14 pages

Available in: CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FR, IT, LV, LT, HU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, FI, SV

Practical Guide - Agriculture and Rural Development Albert Massot Marti, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This practical guide provides an overview of the legal background to the respective policy, of its achievements during the 6th term and of the challenges that still remain to be tackled. Additionally, it contains concise information about the activities of Policy Department B and of the services it can provide.

Guide: 44 pages March 2009 PE 419.090 ISBN 978-92-823-2651-0

Available in: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FR, IT, LV, LT, HU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, FI, SV

16 Publications Catalogue ______

The US Farm Bill 2008 and Comparison with the EU CAP after Health Check Jean Christophe Bureau, Hayley Chouinard, Bernard O’Connor, Alexandre Gohin, Thomas Heckelei, Agnieszka Polcyn, Rudloff Bettina, Christine Wieck, Heinz Peter Witzke The report provides elements of analyses of the 2008 US Far Bill, with comparisons of the relevant provisions of the EU Common Agricultural Policy. The focus is on the economic analyses of the consequences of the changes in the US agricultural policy brought about by the new legislation, the comparison with the EU Health Check reform process, and the compatibility of the US legislation with current World Trade Organization provisions as well as with a potential agricultural agreement under the Doha negotiations.

Study: EN 148 pages February 2009 PE 408.972 ISBN 978-92-823-2862-0

Agriculture in Scotland Ekaterini Stavridi, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note is a supporting document for the members of the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development of the European Parliament providing some information on the Scottish Agriculture on the occasion of a delegation to Scotland 25-27 February 2009. It consists of an introductory section setting out the main historical, geographical and demographic information. In a second part you will find some economic and trade data, and finally, we provide an in-depth analysis of the agricultural sector in terms of both production and structures.

Note: EN January 2009 PE 408.969 32 pages

The Consequences of the ‘cut off’ Criteria for Pesticides: Alternative Methods of Cultivation Dave Chandler, University of Warwick The current Council Directive 91/414/EECprovides the framework for the authorisation and marketing of agricultural plant protection products. Commission proposal for a Regulation to replace Directive 91/414(EEC) is being negotiated. The Regulation will update the human and environmental safety ‘cut off’ criteria by which plant protection products are approved. This may result in the prohibition of a significant number of synthetic chemical pesticide products. Various non-chemical control methods can make valuable contributions to crop protection. The aim of the workshop is to assess the scale and magnitude of the potential losses for the EU farmers, in the case that the new regulation is adopted, and to provide information on technologies that complement, or can be used as alternatives to, the application of synthetic chemical pesticides.

Note: EN December 2008 PE 408.962 45 pages

17 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

The Consequences of the ‘cut off’ Criteria for Pesticides: Agronomic and Financial Aspects Panayotis Theodoris, Representative of Greece to the group for pesticides of SCFH&AH The current Commission proposal concerning "The placing on the market of plant protection products", updating Directive 91/414, and the E. Parliament first reading decision contain the 'cut-off' or exclusion criteria which, if adopted would have a devastating effect on farmers’ ability to grow a significant number of products. They do not recognise the critical importance of pesticides in controlling and eliminating crop diseases and pests and in increasing crop yields across the EU. The aim of the note is to assess the scale and magnitude of the potential losses for the EU farmers, in the case that the new regulation is adopted.

Note: EN December 2008 PE 408.963 36 pages

The CAP and the Lisbon Treaty Claude Blumann, Université Panthéon-Assas The changes on the CAP made by the Treaty of Lisbon are therefore essentially institutional and procedural. The substantive changes concern the statement in Article 38 (1) and (4). The provisions in the Lisbon Treaty relating to the CAP should, on the whole, prove to be very positive for the European Parliament.

Note: October 2008 PE 408.952 26 pages Available in: EN, FR

De la réforme de la PAC au Traité de Lisbonne M. Luigi Costato, Université de Ferrara, Italie Les réformes de la PAC approuvées depuis 1992, et en particulier la réforme de 2003, ont eu des lourdes conséquences au niveau institutionnel. Elles ont bouleversé les objectifs de la PAC en annonçant les changements sur les règles agricoles introduits par le Traité de Lisbonne. Même si les nouvelles dispositions ne peuvent pas affecter le principe de primauté du droit communautaire sur les droits nationaux, le nouveau cadre juridique pour la PAC risque de justifier un transfert de compétences en faveur des États membres.

Note: FR October 2008 PE 408.951 20 pages

18 Publications Catalogue ______

Agriculture in Auvergne Albert Massot Marti, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note was written as a supporting document for the European Parliament’s Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development delegation on the occasion of its visit to the Auvergne in October 2008. It consists of: an introductory section setting out the main geographical, economic and trade data; and an in-depth analysis of the agricultural sector in terms of both production and structures

Note: August 2008 PE 408.931 22 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR

Analysis of the Health Check Proposals: the Reform of the Mechanisms for Direct Support Allan Buckwell, Country Land and Business Association This study examines five aspects of the Health Check, particularly those concerning the distribution and purpose of the direct supports under the Single Payment System. It considers the proposals for optional full decoupling, for redeploying some of the Single Payments for specific supports to sectors or areas, and also the ideas for risk management. Finally, it examines the proposed increase in funds to be shifted to Rural Development via the increased compulsory and progressive modulation.

Note: EN June 2008 PE 405.399 37 pages

Analysis of the Health Check Proposals: the Reform of the Decoupling System Jesús Gonzalez Regidor, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid The risk of structural breakdown in European agriculture cannot be prevented unless the measures introduced reinstate the justification and functionality, i.e. the legitimacy, of aid. Under the following proposal the SPS would be revised in two stages, with short-term conversion to a territorial flat rate per new entitlement and medium term conversion into a new CAP that would focus aid on certain types of farmers and on territories truly in need of support.

Note: EN June 2008 PE 405.400 26 pages

19 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

The Competition Between Food Crops and Non Food Crops for Energy: What are the Effects on Agricultural Structures and on the Use of Land? Luigi Vannini, Maurizio Aragrande, Massimo Canali and Gianluca Macchi, Università di Bologna, Mauro Bruni, Enrica Gentile, Francesco Vanni and Alberico Loi, Areté Srl This study examines the effects of the EU biofuel policy on European agriculture. The requirements in terms of feedstock and arable land of the EU biofuel targets have been evaluated by assuming scenarios of different price levels for agricultural commodities and the possibility of the EU biofuel industry to be alternatively supplied by European crops or through import. The research has also investigated the technical adaptation of agricultural holdings, the consequences of the prospective CAP changes, and the impact on the EU food industry and on the environment (land resources, biodiversity, GHG balances, sustainable feedstock production).

Study: EN May 2008 PE 405.402 118 pages

Administrative Costs for Farmers and Forests Owners with Lands in Natura 2000 Areas Isabel Naylon, Metis, Bernd Schuh, ÖIR-Managementdienste The establishment of the NATURA 2000 network of classified territories has resulted in a number of new administrative tasks for the farmers and landowners in the designated sites. The study provides an overview of the types of administrative costs incurred through legislation, four short case studies of additional obligations and restrictions in four Member States, and a proposal for a cost model integrating the supplementary administrative costs falling on farmers and landowners in NATURA 2000 sites.

Study: EN May 2008 PE 405.403 373 pages

Striving for Biofuels: Impacts on Land Use and Food Security Bas Eickhout, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency - MNP This paper provides a brief overview of the relation of biofuels with land use changes and impacts on food security.

Note: EN April 2008 PE 405.379 14 pages

The Impacts of Biofuels on the Environment and on Food Security in Brazil Leo Peskett, Overseas Development Institute This note analyzes the impacts of biofuels on the environment and on food security in Brazil. The Brazilian biofuels industry is a world leader and currently 40% of vehicle fuels come from ethanol from cane. Since 1990 over 42 M Ha of Brazilian forest have been lost but it cannot be on account of biofuel. In other hand, there is little evidence that biofuels cause hunger: prices of most food in Brazil have been falling compared to the general price since 1994. In addition, the biofuel industry provides jobs to 800.000 persons at wages above the average in farming.

Note: EN April 2008 PE 405.380 14 pages

20 Publications Catalogue ______

Certification Schemes for Biofuels – Focus on Brazil ProForest This note provides some sustainability criteria in order to develop certification schemes of biofuels: e.g. social and environmental criteria at the production stage; accreditation and certification process requirements; and supply chain mechanisms (traceability).

Note: EN April 2008 PE 405.381 9 pages

The Financing and Effectiveness of Agricultural Expenditure José María Garcia Alvarez-Coque This text presents a critical analysis on the financing and effectiveness of public expenditure allocated to EU agriculture. It deals with the proposals made by the European Commission under the "Health Check" of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The author provides answers to a number of questions grouped in three main parts. Section 2 examines the future of farm support. Section 3 looks at the future of market support mechanisms in an increasingly open market. And Section 4 discusses the financial constrains of the reform.

Note: EN April 2008 PE 397.258 20 pages

The Financing and Effectiveness of Agricultural Expenditure Vincent Chatellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA The present text provides a discussion on the effectiveness of public expenditure in EU agriculture, with a reference to the broad themes considered within the "CAP Health Check". The first part deals with the model of farm support. The second one deals with the role, present and future, of the various intervention instruments of the CAP. The third part and the conclusions make the case for substantial changes to the terms of the CAP support in the beyond long term (2015).

Note: April 2008 PE 397.259 32 pages Available in: EN, FR

Aspects financiers agricoles du Traité de Lisbonne Albert Massot Marti, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament Le Traité de Lisbonne contient des changements significatifs au niveau financier par rapport aux traités et à la règlementation dérivée en vigueur. Il introduit un nouveau Titre II dans le TFUE avec 6 Chapitres et 15 articles. La plupart des nouvelles dispositions financières ont une portée générale. Toutefois, elles ont des effets spécifiques sur le domaine des dépenses agricoles qui représentent encore aujourd'hui la majorité du budget communautaire.

Note: FR April 2008 PE 397.250 16 pages

21 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

The Future of the Sheep and Goat Sector in Europe Ernst & Young France, French Livestock Institute, National Experts Following a reminder of the current rules governing sheep and goat production in the European Union, this study presents the main features and challenges of the sheep and goat sector in the EU. It analyses the impact of greater liberalisation through the WTO and draws up recommendations. Finally, it sets out detailed proposals for the possible development of public policy in the light of the main issues addressed. Some of the proposals comply with the Community rules in force and others will require adjustments to be made.

Study: EN March 2008 PE 397.253 109 pages

Agriculture in Brazil Albert Massot Marti, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note was written as a back-up document for the European Parliament’s Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development delegation during its trip to Brazil in April 2008. It consists of: an introductory section setting out the main physical and demographic data; a general chapter on the Brazilian economy; and finally an in-depth analysis of the agricultural sector in terms of both production and commercial aspects, with some additional remarks on recent health problems in relation to EU meat imports.

Note: February 2008 PE 397.242 25 pages Available in: DA, DE, EN, ES, FR, HU, IT, PL, PT

L'eau et le développement agricole durable Albert Massot Marti, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament L'agriculture est une activité économique qui est au cœur d'un milieu naturel dont elle doit respecter et optimiser les équilibres. L'agriculture est de loin la première utilisatrice des ressources en eau et elle est donc à l'origine de nombreux effets externes tant positifs (maintien du territoire, de la biodiversité, garantie de la captation du carbone dans les sols) que négatifs (épuisement des nappes phréatiques, contamination). La nouvelle PAC devra relever de nombreux défis dans les années qui viennent, d'où les questions liées à l'utilisation de l'eau qui occuperont une position clé (changement climatique, gestion des risques, gestion de l'irrigation, protection de la biodiversité, bioénergies). Dans ce contexte, la commission de l'agriculture et du développement rural du PE a pris de nombreuses initiatives en vue de renforcer la fonction hydro-environnementale de l'agriculture européenne.

Study: FR January 2008 PE 397.239 14 pages

22 Publications Catalogue ______

The Future of Milk Quota: Different Scenarios Edward Oliver and Conrad Caspari, Agra CEAS Consulting The objective of the study is to obtain an overview of the possible policy options for the phasing out of the milk quota scheme and the accompanying measures which could help to ensure a 'soft landing' for the industry should quotas be phased out in 2015. Specifically, this study analyses and assesses these policy options and accompanying measures on the basis of their feasibility with particular attention paid to their economic, social, regional and budgetary implications and provides recommendations on the best possible (mix of) policy option(s) and accompanying measures for the dairy sector.

Study: EN January 2008 PE 389.588 140 pages

Reflection on the Possibilities for the Future Development of the CAP Jean Christophe Bureau, INRA and Heinz Peter Witzke, EuroCARE (Coordinators), Petra Berkhout, Agricultural Economic Institute - LEI, Alexandre Gohin, INRA, Thomas Heckelei and Bettina Rudloff, Institute of Food and Resource Economics, Michiel A. Keyzer and Max D. Merbis, Centre for World Food Studies, Werner Kleinhanß, Institute of Farm Economics - FAL, Alan Matthews, Trinity College, Luca Salvatici, Università degli Studi del Molise The report provides elements of analyses of the Common Agricultural Policy as well as a general assessment and comments on the November 20 2007 Communication of the Commission preparing for the "Health Check" of the Common Agricultural Policy reform. General principles for the future CAP are defined so as to assess the Commission's proposal against a longer term benchmark.

Study: December 2007 PE 397.241 91 pages Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, PL

Reflection on the Possibilities for the Future Development of the Cap: Rural Development Perspectives ÖIR-Managementdienste GmbH This note concerns the Rural Development perspectives after the Health Check of the CAP. It is prepared in the wake of Communication "Preparing for the ‘Health Check’ of the CAP reform" of November 2007 (COM (2007) 722). Among the forces that can be expected to impact and shape the Rural Economy in Europe over the next twenty years the note notices: changing demographics; global demand for food; food security in Europe; food safety; energy supply and demand; increased focus on environment protection; changing technology.

Study: EN December 2007 PE 405.406 48 pages

23 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

State of Biogas Plants in European Agriculture Torkild Birkmose, Henning Lyngsø Foged and Jørgen Hinge, Danish Agriculture Advisory Service The study proposes a detailed examination of the state of agricultural biogas installations in EU and the corresponding legal aspects. The study provides with: - An analysis of the current situation of biogas installations in European agriculture - An appraisal of the obstacles faced the development of agricultural biogas technology and for more extensive installations in the EU. - Some Conclusions on the positive impacts of biogas on agriculture and proposals for further development.

Study: EN December 2007 PE 397.236 84 pages

The Gap between Producer Prices and the Prices Paid by the Consumer Agra CEAS Consulting This study aims to understand the gap between agricultural producer prices in the EU and the prices paid by the consumer between 2003 and 2005, with a view to explaining the decisive factors in this area for key agricultural sectors and, on the basis of this analysis, to formulate economic and commercial propositions aimed at improving the situation of producer income and/or the prices charged to consumers.

Study: EN October 2007 PE 397.240 64 pages

Agriculture in the Alpine Areas of Austria and Italy Albert Massot Marti, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note examines the particularities of Alpine agriculture, focusing on the Trento and Tyrol provinces, respectively in Italy and Germany. In addition, it presents the framework for trans-Alpine cooperation.

Study: October 2007 PE 389.589 22 pages Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR

Integration of the New Member States into the Common Agricultural Policy Dipartimento di Economia e Ingegneria Agrarie, University of Bologna This study presents an overview of the integration into the Common Agricultural Policy of the ten New Member States which joined the European Union in May 2004. In particular, the study analyses the effects of the main CAP instruments (i.e. direct payments, market measures and Rural Development measures) on modernisation and competitiveness of the NMS agriculture and compare it with the situation of the other EU 15 members.

Study: EN February 2007 PE 369.022 91 pages

24 Publications Catalogue ______

Biotechnology in EU Agriculture: Perspectives and Challenges - a Focus on GMOs John Kilpatrick, Richard Safford, Susan Twining, Tamara Verhoeven, Jeremy Sweet The study provides with baseline statistics, summary information and analysis of the current situation and potential developments in the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in European Union (EU) agriculture. It proposes an overview of the key issues surrounding the production of GMOs, including GM crops, in the EU in particular the development of GM cropping around the world compared with EU, highlighting, the differences in regulatory systems, economics and social attitudes; different GM strategies within the EU Member States (MSs); and current and future role of GM crops in EU agriculture including commercial, economic, social, environmental and global aspects.

Study: EN January 2007 PE 369.025 116 pages

The Reform of the CMO in Fruits and Vegetables Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, José María García Álvarez-Coque The study "The Reform of the CMO in Fruit and Vegetables" provides with alternative models for the reform of CMO in F&V and their impact assessment taking into account relevant WTO aspects. It is based on an analysis of the evolution of the market in F&V in the EU and at the world level and on an evaluation of the functioning of the regulatory mechanisms for both fresh and transformed produce. It prepares the debate for the next reform of CMO in F&V foreseen in 2007.

Study: November 2006 PE 369.039 103 pages Available in: ES, FR

Reform of the Common Organisation of the Market in Wine Etienne Montaigne and Alfredo Coelho, Joint Research Unit Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d’Acteurs (MOISA) This study is a contribution to the parliamentary debate in response to the proposal for reform of the common organisation of the market in wine initiated by the Commission. It provides a brief summary of the situation in the wine market in recent years in the 25 Member States of the European Union, assesses the shortcomings of the current CMO mechanisms, analyses the Commission's proposals and puts forward specific proposals for reform of the CMO.

Study: September 2006 PE 369.020 94 pages Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT

25 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

Agriculture in Germany Selected Regions: Lower Saxony & North Rhine- Westphalia Beata Kowalkowska, Policy Department Structural and Cohesion Policies • Agriculture in Germany - summary of the main 2004/2005 agricultural results. • Short description of the agricultural profile of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia.

Note: September 2006 PE 375.310 12 pages Available in: DE, EL, EN, ES, FR, NL

Agriculture in Greece Odile Trouvé-Teychenné, Thematic Department, Structural Policies and Cohesion A brief overview of agriculture in Greece.

Note: June 2006 PE 369.041 12 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR

Législation existante, perspectives et actions du Parlement Européen dans le domaine des OGM Beata Kowalkowska, Département thématique, Politiques structurelles et de Cohésion Cette note présente un aperçu succinct de la législation existante, des perspectives et des actions du PE dans le domaine des OGM.

Note: FR February 2006 PE 369.023 10 pages

Natural Disasters in Certain Member States Odile Trouvé-Teychenné This briefing note, prepared for the European Parliament’s own-initiative report on natural disasters, deals with certain cases of flooding and drought and outbreaks of fire which affected countries including Germany, Austria, France, Italy, Spain and Portugal particularly severely during the past year; it details in each case the specific weather conditions, the damage caused and the main measures taken.

Note: December 2005 PE 363.798 25 pages Available in: EN, FR

26 Publications Catalogue ______

Relations EU/Nouvelle-Zélande dans le domaine agricole et commercial Odile Trouvé-Teychenné Cette note donne un bref aperçu des relations UE/Nouvelle-Zélande sur les plans agricole et commercial. Elle rappelle la situation du secteur agricole de la Nouvelle-Zélande, les relations commerciales avec l'UE dans le secteur agricole, las position de ce pays dans les négociations commerciales multilatérales ainsi que les principales divergences avec les communautés européennes.

Note: FR November 2005 PE 361.221 7 pages

EU-Australian Acure and Trade relations Odile Trouvé-Teychenné, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note gives a brief overview of EU-Australian relations in the areas of agricultural and trade. It also summarises Australia's position in multi-lateral trade negotiations and highlights the principal areas of current disagreement between Australia and the European Communities.

Note: FR November 2005 PE 363.799 9 pages

Le rôle et les expériences du PE dans la législation sur l'eau et la politique de l'eau Odile Trouvé-Teychenné, Département thématique, Politiques structurelles et de Cohésion Cette note rappelle l'engagement du Parlement européen sur la question de la politique de l'eau et son action notamment lors de l'élaboration de la directive-cadre sur l'eau. Elle aborde également les répercussions des nouvelles exigences en matière de gestion et de protection de l'eau sur le monde agricole.

Note: FR October 2005 PE 363.794 7 pages

Risks and Crisis Management in Agriculture Dipartimento di Economia e Politica Agraria, University of Napoli Federico II The study is intended to clarify issues surrounding risk and crisis management in the agricultural sector, in the present context of renegotiation of the Financial Perspective, reform of the CAP and rural development. It should aim to provide the framework for a new risk and crisis management strategy and the appropriate type of action to tackle these issues. The study includes an assessment of experience and available instruments in the field of risk and crisis management, based on an inventory of existing measures and mechanisms; an analysis of the relevance of the Commission’s proposals; the definition of a new strategic framework of risk and crisis management and associated instruments.

Study: October 2005 PE 361.219 94 pages Available in: DE, EN Summary: DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, FI, FR, IT, NL, PT, SV

27 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______Relations UE-Inde sur le plan agricole Odile Trouvé-Teychenné, Département thématique, Politiques structurelles et de Cohésion L’UE et l’Inde entretiennent des relations étroites, fondées sur des valeurs communes et un respect mutuel. Ces relations plus intenses au cours des dernières années ont incité la Commission à proposer une nouvelle stratégie de coopération tripartite (renforcement de la coopération internationale, partenariat économique, coopération au développement). Le secteur agricole, quelque peu en retrait, devrait en bénéficier. Les relations dans ce domaine sont, en effet, principalement commerciales et d’un niveau très inférieur à leur potentiel, malgré les régimes et accords commerciaux ou de coopération privilégiés offerts par l’UE à son partenaire. Cette stratégie rénovée devrait indirectement faciliter le dialogue multilatéral sur les questions épineuses du programme de développement de Doha, compte tenu des positions éloignées sur lesquelles l'Inde et l'UE continuent de camper et de la rivalité grandissante entre pays en développement révélée à l'occasion de certains litiges commerciaux.

Note: FR July 2005 PE 355.366 8 pages

The Promotion of Non-Food Crops L. Hodsman, M. Smallwood and D. Williams, The National Non-Food Crops Center This report attempts to chart the nature and extent of non-food uses of crops in the enlarged European Union and to examine how the sector can be promoted. Major factors impacting on development of non-food uses of crops are addressed, including: international trade and environmental agreements, European policy, enlargement, competitiveness, market considerations and technology. The current non-food applications of crops are reviewed and likely developments up to 2010 discussed. This is followed by a critical evaluation of outcomes that have been predicted from adoption of non-food uses of crops, including environmental benefits and impacts on consumer prices and farm incomes. The report concludes by reviewing the incentives that are in place across the EU and in member states to support development of non-food crops.

Study: EN July 2005 PE 363.789 114 pages Summary: DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, FI, FR, IT, NL, PT, SV

Summary of the Public Hearing "The Reform of the CMO on Sugar" Odile Trouvé-Teychenné, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament At a hearing on 13 July 2005, the European Parliament Committees on International Trade, Development, and Agriculture and Rural Development brought together the key stakeholders (non-member states, OECD, producers, consumers, industry and workers) involved in the reform of the Common Market Organisation for Sugar. The speakers expressed their points of view on the reworded reform proposed by the Commission on 22 June 2005. At the end of an intense debate with the MEPs of the committees dealing with the international and Community dimensions of the proposal, the multiple implications of this reform were discussed from a commercial, agricultural and development aid standpoint.

Note: EN July 2005 PE 361.213 9 pages Summary: DA, DE, EL, EN, FI, FR, NL, PT, SV

28 Publications Catalogue ______

Perspectives pour la stratégie forestière Européenne Geneviève Rey, Muriel Mahè, Office National des Forêts, France Depuis des années, le Parlement Européen s'est investi avec constance en faveur d'une stratégie forestière européenne. La présente étude s'inscrit dans le processus d'évaluation prévu par la Résolution du Conseil n° 1999 C 56/01, du 15/12/1998, après 5 ans de sa mise en oeuvre. La Communication de la Commission Européenne du 10/03/2005 (COM (2005) 84 final) a été analysée et l'avis des professionnels, experts indépendants, chercheurs, etc. a été synthétisé. L'étude conclut à la nécessité d'une mise en perspective plus visionnaire de l'action européenne en matière de forêts, traduisant mieux les souhaits des citoyens européens. Dans l'optique d'une véritable action politique forestière, elle propose un processus de négociation entre la Commission et les États-membres à partir des Programmes Forestiers Nationaux et débouchant sur des contrats de développement durable forestier entre l'Union européenne et les États ou les Régions. Cette action interne devrait être conduite en cohérence avec l'action forestière externe menée au titre de l'aide au développement et avec une présence renforcée dans les négociations internationales. Le rapport recommande enfin quatre actions symboliques (plate-forme technologique, lutte contre le changement climatique, bois - énergies renouvelables et campagne de promotion de bois).

Study: FR June 2005 PE 355.365 81 pages

European Forestry Strategy: Outlook Geneviève Rey, Muriel Mahé, Office National des Forêts For many years the European Parliament has consistently supported a European forestry strategy. This study forms part of the evaluation process called for by Council Resolution 1999/C 56/01 of 15 December 1998, following five years of implementation of the strategy set out in the resolution. The communication from the European Commission of 10 March 2005 (COM(2005)84 final) has been analysed and the opinions of professionals, independent experts, researchers, etc. drawn together. The study concludes that there is a need for greater vision in relation to European action on forests, reflecting more closely the wishes of European citizens. With a view to ensuring that action is based on a genuine forestry policy, the study proposes a process of negotiation between the Commission and the Member States taking as a basis the National Forest Programmes and leading to sustainable forest development contracts between the European Union and the Member States or regions. This internal action should be consistent with external action in the forestry sphere carried out in the context of development aid and a strengthened presence in international negotiations. Finally, the report recommends four symbolically important measures (technology platform, fight against climate change, wood as a source of renewable energy and promotion campaign).

Study: FR June 2005 PE 355.366 81 pages Summary: DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, FI, FR, IT, NL, PL, PT, SV

29 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

Multifunctionality and the CAP: Territorial Proposal Jesús Gonzalez Regidor, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid This study provides a territorial proposal for a future CAP applied in accordance with the multifunctionality principle. This would mean moving from an essentially sectoral to a more territorially oriented policy, in which measures are applied differentially in the existing types of rural areas and holdings. Among the advantages of the approach is the enhancement of the CAP’s impact on territorial economic and social cohesion, and the compliance with the multilateral trade agreements on agriculture in place and under negotiation. The relevance of this proposal is enhanced by the realisation that the 2003 CAP will have to be overhauled again very soon.

Study: March 2005 PE 355.359 56 pages Available in: EN, ES, FR Summary: CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, SK, SL, SV

The State of Play in EU-US Agriculture Trade Eva Casalprim-Calvés, Département thématique, Politiques structurelles et de Cohésion The main objective of the note, given the complex and changing agriculture environment, is to identify the latest developments and the main concerns on agriculture trade relations between the European Union and the United States on both a bilateral level and a multilateral level. The intention is to set up a clear framework useful to reach a fruitful and interactive parliamentary debate.

Note: EN February 2005 PE 350.812 8 pages

La stratégie forestière européenne en application de la résolution du Conseil n° 1999 c 56/01, du 15/12/1998 et la contribution du Parlement Européen Angel ANGELIDIS, Département thématique, Politiques structurelles et de Cohésion Dans la perspective de la prochaine saisine du PE au sujet du rapport attendu de la Commission, la note tire un bilan général sur la situation actuelle de la Forêt dans l'Union Européenne et fait l'objet d'un analyse historique des actions et des mesures menées en sa faveur tout au long de ces années. Elle soulève en particulier les considérations faites pour le PE. Cette note sera complétée par une étude sur l'évaluation du rapport de la Commission à ce propos.

Note: FR February 2005 PE 355.364 8 pages

Agriculture Trade Negotiations August 2004: a New Momentum Eva Casalprim-Calves This document, relating to the WTO Doha negotiations, sets out the main elements of the Agreement on agriculture concluded in Geneva on 1 August 2004 and discusses their potential implications for the agriculture sector and the strategy for tackling them.

Note: EN December 2004 PE 353.339 10 pages

30 Publications Catalogue ______

Agricultural Funding Alternatives in the EU Odile Trouvé-Teychenné Against the background of the negotiations on the EU’s future financial perspectives for 2007-2013 and the agricultural agreement of June 2003, this document considers the possible margins and forms of development of the common agricultural policy (CAP), taking into account the needs arising from the reform and the intrinsic dimension of agriculture in its social, territorial and environmental aspects.

Note: EN October 2004 PE 350.808 27 pages

Analisis del plan de accion europeo en materia de alimentacion y de agricultura ecologica Rafael Osta Esta nota tiene por objeto el análisis detallado del "Plan de acción en materia de alimentación y de agricultura biológica" presentado por la Comisión y cuyos orígenes se remontan al Consejo agrícola de Goteborg de junio de 2001. Asimismo, plantea una serie de valoraciones que pueden tenerse en cuenta de cara a futuras acciones que se lleven a cabo en este ámbito.

Note: ES May 2004 PE 350.809 10 pages

31 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

32 Publications Catalogue ______

CULTURE AND EDUCATION - CULT

The CULT Committee is responsible for: 1. The cultural aspects of the European Union, and in particular: a. improving the knowledge and dissemination of culture, b. the protection and promotion of cultural and linguistic diversity, c. the conservation and safeguarding of cultural heritage, cultural exchanges and artistic creation; 2. The Union's education policy, including the European higher education area, the promotion of the system of European schools and lifelong learning; 3. Audiovisual policy and the cultural and educational aspects of the information society; 4. Youth policy and the development of a sports and leisure policy; 5. Information and media policy; 6. Cooperation with third countries in the areas of culture and education and relations with the relevant international organisations and institutions.

Erasmus for All (2014-2020) Guy Haug, Bernd Wächter The proposed Erasmus for All programme (2014-2020) envisions bringing together a wide range of EU activities in higher, school, vocational and adult education, youth policy and grassroots sports. This briefing note presents and reviews the proposed context, architecture, content, and management structure. Further, it makes ten recommendations to ensure that the proposed programme not only seeks to streamline management efficiency but also pays sufficient attention to the individual policy needs of the various sectors. Finally, it gives a detailed outline of the planned action and budget allocation. Study: 52 pages April 2012 PE 474.543 ISBN 978-92-823-3734-9 Available in: DE, EN, FR

State of play of the European Qualifications Framework implementation Panteia/Research voor Beleid: Simon Broek, Bert-Jan Buiskool, Marcia van Oploo and Suzanne de Visser The EQF is an instrument aimed at promoting workers’ and learners’ mobility and lifelong learning through referencing national qualifications systems. Analysing the relevance, implementation and first outcomes, one can conclude that although the implementation of the EQF could be assessed as successful, some important issues can be identified, that form a serious test to the full and trustworthy implementation of the EQF. Nevertheless, there is a call for continuation of the EQF implementation provided that the right conditions have been met. Study: 120 pages March 2012 PE 474.537 ISBN 978-92-823-3704-2 Available in: DE, EN, FR

33 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

Encouraging Private Investment in the Cultural Sector IMO - Institute for International Relations, Vesna Copic, Lead researcher, Aleksandra Uzelac, Study coordinator, Jaka Primorac, Daniela Angelina Jelincic, Andrej Srakar, Ana Zuvela The study identifies trends in encouraging private investment in the cultural sector in EU Member States. The study elaborates on empirical data gathered through questionnaires, case studies of five countries and desk research. It provides an overview of mechanisms and measures used to encourage private investment, including: tax framework (i.e. encouraging the consumption of culture and business and philanthropic investment), financial and banking schemes and intermediary mechanisms. A comparison between private investment in culture in the United States and in Europe is provided.

Study: 236 pages July 2011 PE 460.057 ISBN 978-92-823-3471-3 Available in: DE, EN, FR

Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SV

The "Content Flat-Rate": a Solution to Illegal File-Sharing? Media Consulting Group, Alain Modot, Héloïse Fontanel, Nic Garnett, Erik Lambert, André Chaubeau, Jérôme Chung, Pierre Jalladeau This study examines the feasibility from both a political and economic perspective of the setting up of a content flat-rate for rights holders to provide consumers with the possibility to do P2P legally. To this end, the study provides an analysis on the evolution of the markets for music and audiovisual entertainment products and services in the last 10 years and information regarding online piracy trends. It presents the key objectives of a content flat-rate approach as well as a content flat-rate and alternative scenarios. Study: 136 pages July 2011 PE 460.058 ISBN 978-92-823-3468-3 Available in: DE, EN, FR Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SV

Reducing Early School Leaving in the EU GHK Consulting Ltd, Anne-Mari Nevala, Jo Hawley, Dermot Stokes, Katie Slater, Manuel Souto Otero, Ruth Santos, Claire Duchemin and Anna Manoudi This study reviews the scale and nature of the problem of early school leaving in the EU. It examines in detail how countries are trying to tackle this problem and identifies characteristics of effective policies, leading to a range of recommendations for European and national level actors in the future. The study is based on in-depth country research in nine Member States, as well as analysis of international and national literature. Study: 350 pages June 2011 PE 460.048 ISBN 978-92-823-3459-1 Available in: DE, EN, FR, PT Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SV

34 Publications Catalogue ______Western Balkans - Towards a more integrated Europe Working Group I, Cristina Castagnoli, Alessandro Davoli, Andreas Hartmann, Policy Department C: Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs, European Parliament, Working Group II, Ana Maria Nogueira, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament Working group I : Cooperation in the area of freedom security and justice - 'Western Balkans - Towards a more integrated Europe' This briefing note provides background information for the Joint Parliamentary Meeting Working Group discussions on "cooperation in the Area of Freedom Security and Justice" between the European Union and the Western Balkans. The paper covers various issues, such as borders, visas, migration and asylum, as well as police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters. Working group II : Integration of citizens - 'Western Balkans - Towards a more integrated Europe' This briefing note provides background information for the Joint Parliamentary Meeting Working Group discussions on "Integration of Citizens" between the European Union and the Western Balkans. The paper covers issues related to cultural diversity and education aspects as crucial factors to the success of the integration process of the Western Balkans to the European Union. Note: March 2011 PE 432.759 58 pages Available in: EN, FR, HU

The Bologna Process: Stocktaking and Prospects German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), Academic Cooperation Association (ACA) Siegbert Wuttig, Bernd Wächter, Nicole Rohde, Queenie Lam, Irina Lungu, Laura E. Rumbley The Bologna Process has led to fundamental changes in higher education across Europe. The launch of the EHEA in 2010 marked an important milestone on the way to an open area of higher learning with greater compatibility and comparability as well as increased international attractiveness and competitiveness of the European higher education systems. Good progress has been made in many fields, but much remains to be done in order to ensure full achievement of all Bologna goals in the next decade.

Note: EN January 2011 PE 460.031 48 pages Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SV

The Lisbon Treaty and EU Sports Policy Richard Parrish, Edge Hill University, Borja García García, Loughborough University, Samuli Miettinen, Edge Hill University and Robert Siekmann, T.M.C. Asser Institute A study providing a panorama of the possibilities of EU sports policy at a time when these are being reviewed after the approval of the Lisbon Treaty. In particular, the study assesses from a legal point of view, the potential of the new TFEU to enable the EU to attain the objectives of greater fairness and openness in sporting competitions and greater protection of the moral and physical integrity of sports practitioners whilst taking account of the specific nature of sport.

Study: 80 pages September 2010 PE 438.607 ISBN 978-92-823-3243-6 Available in: DE, EN, FR

35 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

Improving the Participation in the ERASMUS Programme Hans Vossensteyn, Maarja Beerkens and Leon Cremonini, CHEPS University of Twente, Barbara Besançon, Noor Focken and Bart Leurs, AEF, Andrew McCoshan and Neringa Mozuraityte, ECOTEC, Jeroen Huisman and Manuel Souto Otero, ICHEM University of Bath, Hans de Wit, University of Applied Sciences Amsterdam This study explores the extent to which European students experience financial and other barriers to participation in the ERASMUS programme. The evidence indicates that the main barriers to participation vary significantly between countries, with the exception of financial issues, which are an important concern for students everywhere. ERASMUS participation is associated with students’ socio-economic background, primarily influenced by individual preferences and cost-benefit considerations rather than questions of affordability. Other barriers to ERASMUS participation include problems with study credit recognition, as well as insufficient language skills and existing personal commitments.

Study: 148 pages July 2010 PE 438.603 ISBN 978-92-823-3265-8 Available in: DE, EN, FR Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SV

The European Heritage Label Gonçalo Macedo, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note provides a short introduction to the European Commission's proposal for creating a European Heritage Label (EHL), published in March 2010.

Note: July 2010 PE 438.601 26 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR

The Implementation of the UNESCO Convention on the Diversity of Cultural Expressions in the EU’s External Policies Jordi Baltà Portolés, Interarts Foundation This paper analyses the implementation of the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, which came into force in 2007, in the external relations of the EU. Particular attention is paid to the areas of international trade, development and human rights, as well as to the implications of the Convention in terms of governance. A set of conclusions and recommendations closes the document.

Note: May 2010 PE 438.588 38 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR

36 Publications Catalogue ______

Implementing the UNESCO Convention in EU’s Internal Policies Mira Burri, World Trade Institute, University of Bern The briefing note provides an analysis of how the existent EU internal policies reflect the spirit and the letter of the UNESCO Convention on Cultural Diversity. The note suggests further ideas on how the EU may calibrate current practices and explores in a forward- looking manner the possibilities for the Convention’s implementation in future internal policies, understood both as hard and soft EU legal instruments. Particular attention in this query is paid to digital media and their regulatory implications.

Note: May 2010 PE 438.595 42 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR

Implementing the UNESCO Convention of 2005 in the European Union Germann Avocats (Geneva) and multidisciplinary research team This study provides a summary of the state of implementation of the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions of 2005. Focusing on fields in which the EU is expected to provide leadership or coordination, it is intended to provide ideas and long-term guidance on implementing the Convention. For that purpose, it analyses the obligations set out by this treaty. It assesses various practices in implementing the UNESCO Convention from a legal and practical viewpoint, and identifies challenges and measures to help achieve the objectives of this instrument.

Study: May 2010 PE 438.587 110 pages Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SV

Further Developing the University-Business Dialogue Axelle Devaux, Deloitte Consulting The EC Communication “A new partnership for the modernisation of universities: the EU Forum for University-Business Dialogue” was published in April 2009. It is an important move in building bridges between the academic and business worlds in Europe. It takes stock of past activities and proposes the next steps of the University-Business Dialogue. This study presents Deloitte’s analysis of the University-Business cooperation in Europe and provides recommendations on how to further develop the existing dialogue at European level.

Note: 50 pages January 2010 PE 431.588 ISBN 978-92-823-3133-0 Available in: DE, EN, FR Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SV

37 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

The Future Orientation of EU Youth Policy Deloitte Consulting The EC Communication “A EU Strategy for Youth – Investing and Empowering”, published in April 2009, presents the Commission’s strategy for the future of policies for youth in Europe. It anticipated the adoption of a new framework of cooperation in the field of youth by the Council in November 2009. This study presents Deloitte’s analysis of the EU Youth Policy and provides recommendations for the next steps of its development.

Study: 45 pages December 2009 PE 431.584 ISBN 978-92-823-3115-6 Available in: DE, EN, FR

The Revision of the 'Broadcasting Communication' and its Implications for Public Service Television Gonçalo Macedo, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note provides an overview of the issues raised by the revision of the 'Broadcasting Communication' that took place in 2009. It identifies what is new in the Communication and describes the possible implications for the state aid granted to public service broadcasters in the EU.

Note: 19 pages October 2009 PE 419.120 ISBN 978-92-823-2993-1 Available in: DE, EN, FR

Collecting Societies and Cultural Diversity in the Music Sector Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (Coordinator) with the collaboration of Christine Altemark and Thomas Hoeren, University of Muenster, María-José Iglesias and Violaine Dehin, University of Namur, Giuseppe Mazziotti, University of Copenhagen, with the research assistance of Simona Florio, Roma Tre University, Evangelia Psychogiopoulou, University of Leeds, and Eleftherios Zacharias Athens University of Economics and Business This study investigates how EU policy on music rights licensing, particularly for online services, is affecting cultural diversity. For that purpose, it analyses information on the popularity of different repertoires (Anglo-American, EU and domestic) in recent years in a sample of EU Member States. It finds that current policies are likely to weaken the position of authors and composers, therefore posing a challenge for cultural diversity.

Study: 167 pages June 2009 PE 419.110 ISBN 978-92-823-2871-2 Available in: DE, EN, FR Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

38 Publications Catalogue ______

Advertising Rules and Their Effects under the New Audiovisual Media Services Directive Kern European Affairs This short study conducted by KEA European Affairs for the European Parliament provides an overview of several issues linked to new regulations on advertising and particularly product placement. It assesses the current transposition status of the AVMS Directive in Member States in relation to rules concerning product placement, and provides insight about the possible evolution of the European product placement market. The study also looks into the effects of advertising on children and assesses the probable effectiveness of self-regulation measures (codes of conduct) regarding advertising aimed at children.

Study: 61 pages April 2009 PE 419.093 ISBN 978-92-823-2855-2 Available in: DE, EN, FR Summary : BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, RO, SK, SV

Practical Guide - Culture and Education Gonçalo Macedo, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This practical guide provides an overview of the legal background to the respective policy, of its achievements during the 6th term and of the challenges that still remain to be tackled. Additionally, it contains concise information about the activities of Policy Department B and of the services it can provide.

Guide: 60 pages April 2009 PE 419.091 ISBN 978-92-823-2734-0 Available in: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FR, IT, LV, LT, HU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, FI, SV

The Potential for Cultural Exchanges between the European Union and Third Countries: The Case of China Alain Modot, Héloïse Fontanel, Silvia Angrisani, Pierre Jalladeau, Abel Ségrétin, Bérénice Angremy, Li Hua and Bi Dongna, Media Consulting Group This study provides an overview of the cultural sector in China, going on to describe the current state of cultural exchanges between the EU and its Member States and China. It concludes by providing ideas for policymakers on how such exchanges can be strengthened. China is taken here as a test case for the EU's cultural policy towards third countries in general.

Study: EN 126 pages April 2009 PE 419.097 ISBN 978-92-823-2858-3 Summary : BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SV

39 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

The Mobility of Works of Art in Europe Dorota Ilczuk, Magdalena Kulikowska and Aleksandra Litorowicz, Pro Cultura Foundation This note provides a panorama of the existing obstacles to the circulation of works of art in the European Union, both for non-commercial purposes and as part of the art market. It focuses on the situation of private galleries. The authors explain how the EU influences the circulation of works of art via its legal framework and make some suggestions on how it could contribute to improving on the status quo.

Note: 33 pages April 2009 PE 419.085 ISBN 978-92-823-2854-5 Available in: DE, EN, FR

Youth Policy and Participation in the EU Gonçalo Macedo and Ancuta-Florica Pasca, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note provides an introduction to the current status of the European Union's Youth Policy, in the context of the debate over its reform. It focuses in particular on the theme of the political and civic participation of young people.

Note: March 2009 PE 408.968 24 pages

Available in: DE, EN, FR

Mobility of School Teachers in European Union Gavan Conlon, Charlotte Duke and Pau Salsas, London Economics This study undertakes a quantitative and qualitative analysis of teacher mobility across the European Union Member States where information exists. It explores the relative benefits, costs, strengths and weaknesses of the various mobility programmes. On the basis of case studies the authors identify mobility practices that have been successful but also look at areas where some improvements may be made. The study provides policy recommendations for European, national and school decision-making levels that might be useful to improve the design and the implementation of mobility programmes.

Study: December 2008 PE 408.964 227 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR

Summary : BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SV

40 Publications Catalogue ______

Analysis of the Academic and Professional Careers of the European Schools’ Graduates Van Dijk Management Consultants, University of Liège This report contains quantitative and qualitative data on the academic and professional careers of the European Schools' graduates and on the European Schools' curriculum. It is based primarily on the answers to an electronic survey from roughly 3,000 graduates. The study examines, among other things, which subjects former European Schools pupils tend to study at university and where they go, and in which sectors they later work. The results of the survey are analyzed taking into account the particularities of the European Schools' curriculum. Information is also provided on the satisfaction of former pupils with the education received.

Study: October 2008 PE 408.949 171 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR

Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

Multilingualism: Between Policy Objectives and Implementation MENON Network EEIG This document provides the results of a study on ‘multilingualism and linguistic diversity’. It presents what has been done in the study with regard to its objectives and workplan, and provides key findings and recommendations. The main focus of the study is on assessing how agencies and other stakeholders of the European Union and member states have supported policies aimed at promoting language learning and cultural diversity over the period 2004 to the present within the context of the Commission Communication ‘Promoting Language Learning and Linguistic Diversity: An Action Plan 2004-2006‘ and the ‘European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages of the Council of Europe’.

Study: September 2008 PE 408.495 128 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR, IT

Summary : BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SV

European Cinema Online - Past and Present Kern European Affairs "Cinema Online – Past and Present” assesses the feasibility of establishing a pan- European film portal that could lead to more collaboration among film stakeholders in the EU and raise awareness regarding Europe’s cinematographic legacy. In a second part, the study assesses the challenges European film companies face with regards to benefiting from Video on Demand (VOD) and gives an overview of EU policy in relation to VOD.

Study: June 2008 PE 408.937 80 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR

41 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

Doping in Professional Sport Christophe Brissonneau, CERSES UMR 8137 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes This study examines the current and future ways in which doping can be detected by reviewing the various practices and sporting disciplines. Going beyond a simple description, the study takes a wider look at the reasons behind the fight against doping, illustrating models which vary in how they address this important issue. Suggestions are also made on how the EU should tackle doping in future, based on the various models described.

Study: June 2008 PE 405.404 94 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR Summary : BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK SV

Intercultural Education in Schools Cristina Allemann-Ghionda, University of Cologne with Deloitte Consulting "Intercultural Education" is a pedagogic approach aimed at fomenting a tolerant and sensitive attitude to ethnic, cultural and religious differences between individuals. This study examines how Intercultural Education is provided for in the classrooms of selected EU countries, including France, Germany, Hungary, Italy and the UK. It finds that - in spite of the increased diversity of EU societies - political discourse is becoming less attentive to Intercultural Education in some countries.

Study: June 2008 PE 405.392 86 pages

Available in: DE, EN, FR

Cultural Diasporas Ulrike Meinhof and Heidi Armbruster This study examines the contribution that artists from a non-EU background make towards cultural life and cultural industries in Europe and beyond. In particular, it looks at how such artists form "diasporas" which in turn create networks of cultural exchange inside the EU and with third countries. It provides examples of these activities in three broad diasporas groups of African, Balkan and Turkish background.

Study: EN May 2008 PE 389.600 70 pages Summary : BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SV

42 Publications Catalogue ______

The Bologna Process: Member States' Achievements to Date Jacqueline Brown and Victoria Joukovskaia, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament The purpose of this note is to provide Members of the Committee on Culture and Education with an update on the achievements of EU Member States towards the implementation of the Bologna Process. This is an initiative for the modernisation and reform of the higher education sector in Europe, involving 46 countries, leading to the creation of a European Higher Education Area by 2010.

Note: April 2008 PE 397.248 38 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR

An Overview of Media Literacy Gonçalo Macedo, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note serves as an introduction to the concept of "media literacy", exploring its various meanings and why its political profile has become increasingly high in recent years. It summarises some general trends in media literacy in the EU over recent decades, as well as recent EU policy initiatives, including the Communication on "A European approach to media literacy" published by the European Commission in December 2007. Note: April 2008 PE 397.254 15 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR

Content and Quality of Teacher Education Across the European Union Institute of Education, University of London This study provides an overview of primary teacher education systems in the EU, highlighting common features and differences and presenting specific information for all Member States. It argues, based on the small amount of research evidence available, that the quality of teacher training has a strong influence on pupils' performance in school. The authors identify training practices that have been successful in some Member States and warrant being applied in others and provide policy recommendations to MEPs, including on induction and continuous training for teachers. Study: March 2008 PE 397.251 103 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR Summary: CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

43 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

Gender Aspects in Lifelong Learning European Association for the Education of Adults (EAEA) The objective of this study is to contribute to the gathering of data available on women’s participation in lifelong learning and to make recommendations concerning non-academic lifelong learning, in particular adult education, for women. The relationship of learning for access to, and promotion in, the labour market has also been considered.

Study: EN 238 pages October 2007 PE 389.580 ISBN 1-84482 -77-3

The State of Community Media in the European Union Kern European Affairs "Community media" are non-profit, open to or accountable to the community that they serve and mainly staffed by volunteers. As such, they form a separate sub-group within the media sector. The purpose of this study is to outline how Community Media are organised across the EU and to underline their distinctive contribution to media pluralism and other socio-political objectives.

Study: EN September 2007 PE 389.600 114 pages

Analysis of the Commission Communication “A European Agenda for Culture in a Globalising World” Christopher Gordon, Rod Fisher, Dragan Klaic This briefing paper provides critical reflections on the European Commission Communication: ‘A European agenda for culture in a globalising world’ (COM(2007)242 final) of 10th May 2007. It highlights some potential points of progress that have been proposed to improve the EU’s difficult and faltering attempts to deal with ‘culture’ since the Treaty of Maastricht, while also identifying important issues that require greater clarity.

Study: August 2007 PE 389.592 32 pages Available in: EN, FR

Briefing Paper on the Implementation of Article 151.4 of the EC Treaty Rod Fisher, International Intelligence on Culture This note provides some reflections on the implementation of Treaty Article 151.4 and the need to take account of the specificities of the cultural and creative sectors in other EU areas. It points out that Treaty 151.4 is an obligation, not an option, and calls for a systematic scrutiny for potential cultural impacts. Study: June 2007 PE 389.585 20 pages Available in: EN, FR

44 Publications Catalogue ______

Cultural and Creative Industries John Howkins, European Television Research, Rod Fisher - International Intelligence on Culture This note reviews the European Commission study ‘The Economy of Culture in Europe’. It provides a background to the issues treated in the study, assesses the study and recommends a political strategy, pointing out priorities for EU action with a view to fostering the cultural and creative industries. Study: May 2007 PE 389.584 18 pages Available in: EN, FR Summary: EN, FR

Efficiency and Equity in European Education and Training Systems Institut d'Administration scolaire - Université de Mons-Hainaut, Département d'Education et Formation - Université de Liège, Deloitte The note gives a critical analysis of the Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament entitled “Efficiency and Equity in European education and training systems” (COM(2006) 481 final). On the basis of this analysis, the Commission's recommendations are examined and further recommendations for action are made.

Study: EN May 2007 PE 389.581 48 pages

Islam in the European Union: What’s at Stake in the Future? Felice Dassetto and Brigitte Maréchal, Cismoc/Ciscow - Louvain-la-Neuve University, Silvio Ferrari, University of Milano This report presents the current stakes concerning the Muslim presence in Europe. It addresses four main areas: organizational processes underway within Muslim communities; the questions of education and leadership; the juridical profiles and political management of Muslims; cohabitation as a decision to live together. Based on the findings of the study, proposals are made.

Study: May 2007 PE 369.031 194 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR, IT Summary: CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, SK, SL, SV

Street Artists in Europe Yohann Floch, Hors Les Murs The study’s main objective is to analyse the situation of street artists in Europe, taking into account as much as possible all 27 Member countries. The study evaluates the importance of street arts and the characteristics of this artistic sector. The analysis is based on aesthetic and social research, enriched with surveys and interviews on the economic, political and cultural context of street arts, considering the multidisciplinary nature of the art forms, their social and urban involvement as well as its public. Study: March 2007 PE 375.307 331 pages Available in: EN, FR

45 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

Protecting the Cultural Heritage from Natural Disasters M. Drdacky, ITAM v.v.i - ARCCHIP Advanced Research Centre for Cultural Heritage Interdisciplinary Projects, L. Binda, POLIMI Milano, I. Herle, TU Dresden, L.G. Lanza, University of Genova, I. Maxwell, OBE - Historic Scotland and S. Pospišil, ITAM v.v.i. Natural disasters represent a major threat to cultural heritage. Floods, earthquakes, fires, environmental fatigue or similar long term climate effects sometimes cause irreversible damage to cultural heritage or completely destroy entire areas of cultural heritage, both movable and immovable. Many heritage objects are further damaged by inadequate emergency interventions. The study examines current national and international instruments and activities to protect cultural heritage from natural disasters, giving examples of best practices and describing problems and shortcomings. Based on an analysis of current and forthcoming EU legislation, priorities for action are defined. Given the increasing occurrence of natural disasters and their impact on cultural heritage, the authors recommend horizontal integration of the protection of cultural heritage from natural disasters into relevant EU policies.

Study: February 2007 PE 369.029 120 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR, IT Summary: CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, SK, SL, SV

Current Situation and Prospects for Physical Education in the European Union Ken Hardman, University of Worcester The study reviews the present state of school physical education by addressing curriculum time allocation, status of the subject, curriculum thematic aims and content, resources (material and human) and gender, disability and ethnic minority issues. Particular attention is paid to physical education, sport and health partnership pathways through references to national case studies. The author provides templates of principles for quality physical education and physical education teacher education programmes of study. His recommendations for EU policy makers focus on identification of ‘Basic Needs’ models, physical education curriculum re-appraisal, recognition of quality physical education features, occupational designation of physical education teachers, continuing professional development of teachers, quality assurance measures, partnership pathway links, inclusion (disability and ethnic groups), and finally establishment of national physical education monitoring centres.

Study: EN February 2007 PE 369.032 106 pages Summary: CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, SK, SL, SV

46 Publications Catalogue ______

Interoperability of Digital Interactive Television Services Gonçalo Macedo, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note provides a brief introduction to the issue of the interoperability of digital interactive television services, with reference to the European Commission's 2006 Communication on the same subject. It evaluates the importance of the topic for the work of Parliament's Committee on Culture.

Note: EN February 2007 PE 379.216 15 pages

Financing the Arts and Culture in the European Union Arjo Klamer, Lyudmilla Petrova and Anna Mignos, Stichting Economie and Cultuur The study describes the various sources of financing culture in Europe for the period 2000- 2005, focusing on the State, the market and the non-profit sector. The analysis covers public direct financial support (subsidies, awards, and grants, as well as lottery funds provided by central and lower levels of governments); public indirect financial support (tax expenditures); private financial support from non-profit organisations, business organisations and individual donations.

Study: November 2006 PE 375.309 114 pages Available in: EN, FR

Mobility of Artists and Social Security Suzanne Capiau, European Institute for Comparative Cultural Research - ERICarts The study examines the obstacles to the mobility of artists in the domains of unemployment insurance and retirement pensions. It analyses the problems encountered by artists who work in a Member State other than their own. It goes on to review the relevant Community legislation and examine possible solutions. In conclusion, the author makes recommendations designed to facilitate the mobility of artists in Europe.

Study: November 2006 PE 379.203 74 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR Summary: CS, DE, EL, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL

47 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

The Status of Artists in Europe Suzanne Capiau and Andreas Johannes Wiesand, European Institute for Comparative Cultural Research - ERICarts This report presents innovative national measures and models aimed at improving the socioeconomic status of authors (e.g. writers or visual artists) and performing artists in Europe. It addresses five main areas: individual working and contract relations; professional representation; social security; taxation; and aspects of transnational mobility. Based on the findings of the study, proposals for future Europewide action are made.

Study: November 2006 PE 375.321 128 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR Summary: CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, SK, SL, SV

Language Development in the Young Child Sophie Kern, Laboratoire Dynamique du Langage This study looks at language development in infants aged between 0 and 3 years, and in particular, the development of the different linguistic stages, such as auditory awareness, understanding of situations, isolated words and phrases; pre-language communication; and finally, linguistic communication. In today's world, where bilingualism is increasingly common, the study shows that early bilingualism has no negative effect on the child's linguistic development but that, rather, it can offer distinct advantages. These are both in the linguistic domain, but also in the acquisition of broader knowledge and in socio-cultural adaptation.

Study: September 2006 PE 375.314 35 pages Available in: DE, FR

Follow-up of Non-Legislative Parliamentary Resolutions on Culture and Education 2000-2005 Constanze Itzel, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament The document provides information on the European Commission's follow-up of parliamentary texts in the field of competence of the Committee on Culture and Education. Its field of competence focus is on non-legislative texts. It covers the period from 2000 to 2005. The report consists of a compilation of 'SP' documents, produced by the European Commission in order to inform about action taken following a text adopted in Parliament. The compilation is based on a list of the European Commission's follow up, provided by the European Parliament's Plenary Organisation and Follow-up Unit.

Note: EN September 2006 PE 375.315 195 pages

48 Publications Catalogue ______

Digitals Platforms: Risk and Opportunities for European Film-Makers David Graham & Associates Ltd This study addresses the threats and opportunities offered to European film-makers by the direct delivery of films to consumers via the Internet, using broadband networks. It attempts to predict the evolution of the technology and market for direct delivery and provides advice to film-makers on how to adapt to, and take advantage of, developments already underway. It concludes by providing the European Parliament with specific policy ideas. The study also includes opinions provided by stakeholders, including film production companies.

Study: EN 110 pages July 2006 PE 363.795 ISBN 92-823-2119-3

Education and Mobility Constance Itzel, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament In view of a delegation to the Inter-parliamentary conference ASEP-IV (Asia-Europe Parliamentary Partnership), which took place on 4-5 May 2005 in Helsinki, the Directorate General of External Policies asked for a briefing note on the subject of “Education and Mobility”. This note provides essential information on the main EU policies and outputs in the fields of education and training. A special focus will be on mobility. The note concludes with an overview over EU-Asia co-operation in higher education, as well as on student and scholar mobility between the two regions.

Note: April 2006 PE 369.033 13 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR

Inter-Religious Dialogue Jamal Malik, University of Erfurt The European Commission proposed that 2008 be the Year of Intercultural Dialogue. In the context of its report on the Commission‘s proposal, the Committee on Culture and Education asked for a briefing paper on inter-religious dialogue. The paper was commissioned to Prof. Jamal Malik, an expert on intercultural dialogue in Europe and Asia. The author gives his views on how to engage in a sustainable intercultural and inter- religious dialogue. He deals with the form and the content of dialogue, with dialogue partners and forums and with the possibilities and limits of intercultural dialogue. His recommendations for European policy makers focus on the institutionalisation of dialogue as well as on education and media policies.

Note: EN March 2006 PE 369.019 48 pages

49 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

The Socio-Cultural Impact of Urban Archaeological Sites Constanze Itzel, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note provides an overview of the current debate on the socio-cultural impact of urban archaeological sites. It is based upon the findings of a session at the international seminar "Cities of the past, cities of the future: Bringing urban archaeology to life." This seminar took place at the Committee of the Regions on 4 and 5 October 2005. It was organised by ICOMOS-BGP as part of the APPEAR project (Accessibility Projects. Sustainable preservation and enhancement of urban subsoil archeological remains), which was funded by the EC's Fifth Framework Programme.

Note: FR October 2005 PE 363.796 6 pages

Student Mobility Ute Lanzendorf and Ulrich Teichler, Centre for Research on Higher Education and Work, University of Kassel, Jake Murdoch, European Institute of Education and Social Policy European policy papers stress the need to further improve the quantity and quality of overall international mobility in education. In this context, the study aims at providing up- to-date information on student mobility in secondary and tertiary level education and in vocational training. The study evaluates the extent of student mobility into and out of individual EU Member States. National measures to promote student mobility are analysed and compared with regard to their effectiveness and efficiency. Benchmarks for the assessment of national measures are supplied. Finally, the study formulates recommendations for an efficiency-oriented strategy to promote mobility.

Study: September 2005 PE 361.212 125 pages Available in: DE, EL, EN, FR, PL Summary: DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, FI, FR, IT, NL, PT, SV

Work of the Committee on Culture and Education 1999-2004 Pernille Winther and Lisa Brown, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament The work of the Committee are divided into five chapters. Each chapter adopts the same format (references, name of the rapporteur, legislation) followed by a brief summary of the first and / or second or third reading of the document. The report contains a list of all documents mentioned in the thematic chapters.

Study: FR July 2004 PE 346.547 70 pages

50 Publications Catalogue ______

The European Union and Youth Policy Pernille Winther, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament In the EU Member States there are more than 50 million young people aged between 15 and 25. It is the Member States which are main responsible for the area of youth. However, since its creation the European Community has supported the national measures, in particular by establishing different action programmes, such as the Youth for Europe Programme (1988), the European Voluntary Service for Young People (1996) and the current Youth Programme (2000). The European Community would like to further support young people, and in November 2001 the European Commission therefore presented a White Paper on Youth which deals with the following challenges: demographic and social change, the widening gap between young people and public affairs at national, European and international levels and the attendant risk of a 'citizenship deficit'.

Note: June 2004 PE 346.543 10 pages Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR

The European Union and Sport Pernille Winther, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament More than one third of Europe's citizens participate in sporting activities and many aspects of the Union's policies influence the sporting world in areas such as free movement of persons, competition policy, media policy and health policy. However, it was only after 1997, with the inclusion of a Declaration on Sport in the Amsterdam Treaty that the European Union started to deal with sport from angles which were not purely economic. The briefing deals with these topics in detail.

Note: EN June 2004 PE 346.542 10 pages

The European Union and Culture Pernille Winther Although cultural policy at Community level still has a marginal position compared with economic policy, its position has been strengthened since 1979 when the European Parliament established its first Committee responsible for cultural matters. With the inclusion of Article 151 in the Treaty an increasing number of activities have taken place, although Parliament would like to see both more funding and more cooperation. Parliament is of the opinion that culture is an essential component of EU identity and that cultural exchange and cooperation contribute to Europe’s capacity for integration and cohesion. The briefing deals with the achievements of cultural policy since the creation of the European Community.

Note: EN June 2004 PE 346.544 13 pages

51 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

52 Publications Catalogue ______

FISHERIES - PECH

The PECH Committee is responsible for:

1. The operation and development of the common fisheries policy and its management; 2. The conservation of fishery resources; 3. The common organisation of the market in fishery products; 4. Structural policy in the fisheries and aquaculture sectors, including the financial instruments for fisheries guidance; 5. International fisheries agreements.

Icelandic fisheries: a review Irina Popescu This note was requested by the Committee on Fisheries for its Delegation to Iceland (2-4/05/2012). Significant developments in recent years have affected the Icelandic fisheries sector and its future evolution: the global financial crisis in 2008, the migration of the mackerel stock in the Icelandic EEZ and the dispute around it, Iceland's application for EU membership and the perspective of its participation to the CFP. This note provides a snapshot of the Icelandic fisheries in the light of these developments.

Note: 54 pages March 2012 PE 474.540 ISBN 978-92-823-3706-6 Available in: EN, ES, FR, IT, PT

Right based Fisheries Management in Iceland and Economic and Financial Crisis Thórólfur Matthíasson An overview is given over the introduction and the development of the ITQ system in Iceland. It is shown how the economic and financial crisis affects the balance sheet of fishing firms. The gain in terms of increased pure profit (resource rent) in the fisheries post-crisis is also documented. Local communities are affected by redistribution of quotas, some of the initial effect is mitigated through inflation or deflation of real estate prices in these communities.

Note: March 2012 PE 474.531 50 pages Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT

53 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

La pêche en Bretagne

Irina Popescu La présente note a été demandée par la Commission PECH en vue de la visite d’une délégation en Bretagne du 20 au 22 février 2012. Elle donne un aperçu des principales caractéristiques du secteur breton de la pêche en mettant l’accent sur des questions telles que la gestion de la pêche, la flotte, la production de la pêche et de l’aquaculture, l’industrie de la pêche, l’emploi, et la recherche marine.

Note: FR 52 pages February 2012 PE 474.527 ISBN 978-92-823-3686-1

Regime Shifts in marine Ecosystems: how Overfishing can provoke sudden Ecosystem Changes

Christian MÖLLMANN, Institute for Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, University of Hamburg, Germany The workshop "Regime shifts in marine ecosystems:how overfishing can provoke sudden ecosystem changes" was organised by the European Parliament's Policy Department B at the request of the Committee on Fisheries. The workshop focused on ecological regime shifts which, to the largest extent, took place as a result of overfishing. It was intended to present different examples of overfishing-driven regime shifts in exploited marine ecosystems around the world. Two case studies highlight shifts in the Baltic and Black Sea ecosystems.

Study: EN 174 pages November 2011 PE 460.076 ISBN 978-92-823-3656-4

Does overfishing promote algal blooms?

Britas Klemens ERIKSSON, Department of Marine Benthic Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, The Netherlands This note provides scientific evidence for a connection between overfishing and the development of algal blooms, and presents several European case-studies supporting this hypothesis. Overfishing has contributed to the increasing problem of algal blooms in Europe. Over-exploitation of offshore stocks has changed the structure of many marine ecosystems, which has promoted the accumulation of algal biomass. Today, detrimental effects of overfishing on offshore food webs are spreading to coastal ecosystems, causing problems with near shore water quality and habitat loss.

Note: 74 pages November 2011 PE 474.461 ISBN 978-92-823-3662-5 Available in: EN, DE, ES, FR, IT, PT

54 Publications Catalogue ______

Fisheries in the Seychelles and Fisheries Agreements with the EU

Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament Information note on the fisheries and aquaculture sector in the Seychelles for the Delegation of the Committee on Fisheries from 1 to 5 November 2011. The note describes fisheries in the Seychelles and related activities. It also describes the development of the fisheries agreements concluded between the Seychelles and the European Union.

Note: September 2011 PE 460.060 64 pages Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT

Perspectives for the new European Fisheries Fund

Indrani Lutchman, Sophie Des Clers, Axel Volkery, Stephanie Newman, Peter Hjerp and Patrick Ten Brink, Institute for European Environmental Policy - IEEP In 2011, the Commission will launch the review of the EFF with the publication of a draft regulation and associated impact assessment. This report presents an independent evaluation of the EFF to highlight the challenges faced by Member States and the sector in implementing the regulation during the current programming period. Proposals for a future EEF are developed and a series of options are evaluated.

Study: 86 pages August 2011 PE 460.061 86 ISBN 978-92-823-3491-1 Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, PT

Characteristics of Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries in Europe Graeme Macfadyen, Pavel Salz and Rod Cappell, Institute for European Environmental Policy The study analyses the structure and economic performance of small-scale coastal fisheries (SSF) in Europe. Eighteen main clusters within SSF are identified and their distribution by NUTS-2 region is presented. The contribution of SSF in terms of income and employment to the economies of the NUTS-2 regions is also assessed. Some potential policy implications of the study’s findings are considered in light of the reform of the Common Fisheries Policy.

Study: 155 pages July 2011 PE 460.059 ISBN 978-92-823-3502-4 Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT

55 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

Fisheries in Bulgaria Irina Popescu, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note was requested by the Committee on Fisheries for its Delegation to Bulgaria (14- 16 July 2011). The note provides a review of the main characteristics of the Bulgarian fisheries sector, with a focus on issues such as the legal and institutional framework, management measures, catches, fishing fleet, processing industry, trade, employment and fisheries research.

Note: June 2011 PE 460.049 41 pages Available in: BG, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

The North Sea Brown Shrimp Fisheries Domique Aviat and Cecile Diamantis, A.N.D. International; Thomas Neudecker, Jörg Berkenhagen and Milan Müller, Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut The purpose of the study is to provide Members of the European Parliament’s Committee on Fisheries with a clear description of the North Sea Brown Shrimp (Crangon crangon) fisheries and markets in the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark. The survey is conceived as an information document. It addresses production issues (economic and social relevance of the production, profitability of the fleets, environmental impacts) as well as marketing issues (organisation of the industry, role of major wholesalers and processors, prices and margins in the sector) and describes the application of the Common Market Organisation on the brown shrimp.

Study: 106 pages May 2011 PE 460.041 ISBN 978-92-823-3429-4 Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, PT

Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

Fisheries in Poland Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament Information note on the fisheries and aquaculture sector in Poland for the Delegation of the European Parliament Committee on Fisheries from 16 May 2011 to 20 May 2011. The note describes the Baltic Sea, fisheries in Poland and related activities.

Note: April 2011 PE 460.037 54 pages Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, PL, PT

56 Publications Catalogue ______

Industrial Fisheries in the Baltic Sea Hans Lassen The Baltic fisheries that provide sprat and herring for animal feed and for industrial purposes (fish meal and oil production) mainly use trawls. Landings for human consumption are made from fisheries using the same gears. Usage of sprat and herring landings is market driven. Although ICES has not specified the MSY target for all stocks, it appears that Baltic herring and sprat are exploited around or slightly above current MSY levels. Changes in abundance and growth of herring and sprat are at least partly caused by changes in cod predation and environmental conditions.

Note: 48 pages March 2011 PE 460.040 ISBN 978-92-823-3424-9 Available in: DE, EN, PL, SV

Fisheries in Portugal Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament Information note on the fisheries and aquaculture sector in Portugal for the Delegation of the European Parliament Committee on Fisheries from 13 to 16 April 2011. The note describes fisheries in Portugal and related activities.

Note: March 2011 PE 460.036 59 pages Available in: BG, DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, PL, PT

Fisheries in the Black Sea Irina Popescu, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This paper is a review of the fisheries sector in the Black Sea region, and presents the main marine resources and the evolution of the Black Sea fisheries, as well as fisheries management and regional cooperation issues. The Black Sea has undergone major environmental changes and a dramatic resource crisis occurred around 1990. Fisheries have been one of the drivers for these changes, but have also been affected by them. The combined effect of this crisis and the deteriorating economic conditions in the former communist states after 1989 reshaped the Black Sea fisheries.

Note: December 2010 PE 438.622 69 pages Available in: BG, DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, PT, RO

57 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

Interactions between Seals and Fish Stocks Tero Härkönen, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Contaminant Research, Stockholm; Ian L. Boyd and Philip S. Hammond, University of St Andrews, Sea Mammal Research Unit; Michelle Cronin and Mark Jessop, Coastal and Marine Resources Centre, University College Cork; David Reid, Marine Institute Galway; Håkan Westerberg, Swedish Board of Fisheries The workshop "Interactions between seals and fish stocks" was organised by the European Parliament's Policy Department B at the request of the Committee on Fisheries. The workshop, held on 9 November 2010, focused on the impact of seals on the state of fish stocks. It was intended to present different scientific assessments of the actual role of seals in fish stocks across the North-East Atlantic, including the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Two case studies gave particular attention to Scottish and Irish waters.

Workshop: 155 pages November 2010 PE 438.615 ISBN 978-92-823-3461-4 Available in: EN

Fisheries in Mauritania and Fisheries Agreements with the EU Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament Information note on the fisheries and aquaculture sector in Mauritania for the delegation of the Committee on Fisheries from 3 to 5 November 2010. The note describes fisheries and related activities in Mauritania. It also describes the development of the fisheries agreements concluded between Mauritania and the European Union.

Note: September 2010 PE 438.610 74 pages Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT

Natura 2000 and the Common Fisheries Policy Heino O. Fock, Institute of Sea Fisheries, Hamburg This note identifies key issues in the relationship between Natura 2000 and fisheries, describes the Natura 2000 process and its implementation, and different solutions applied to solve management tasks. To date, no Member State has developed fully approved fisheries management plans. Defining principal areas for fisheries, and the development of a consistent management framework of fisheries to incorporate requirements not only from Natura 2000, but also from MSFD and OSPAR/HELCOM strategies, are identified as issues of a future CFP.

Note: 106 pages

July 2010 PE 438.602 ISBN 978-92-823-3248-1

Available in: EN

58 Publications Catalogue ______

Mitigation of Incidental Catches of Cetaceans in EU Waters

Bord Iascaigh Mhara and University of St Andrews This study provides a description of the status of the populations and the incidental catches of a number of cetacean species in EU waters and assesses the regulatory framework adopted in the EU for the mitigation of incidental catches of cetaceans in EU waters. It focuses primarily on provisions under Council Regulation (EC) No. 812/2004 and also Council Directive 92/43/EEC (Habitats Directive).

Study: June 2010 PE 438.599 154 pages Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT

Real Time Closures of Fisheries Nick Bailey, Neil Campbell, Steven Holmes, Coby Needle and Peter Wright, Marine Science Scotland Real time closures (RTCs) are a relatively recent development in fisheries management. This paper reviews RTC programmes worldwide and presents details of the design and implementation of a Scottish RTC scheme, intended to reduce mortality of cod (Gadus morhua) and ongoing since 2007. With rapid assessment of data and cooperation of the industry in design and implementation of schemes, RTCs represent a dynamic and responsive tool which fisheries managers can use to protect spatially and temporally variable resources.

Note: 56 pages June 2010 PE 438.598 ISBN 978-92-823-3247-4 Available in: DE, EN, FR

Long-term Impact of Different Fishing Methods on the Ecosystem in the Kattegat and Öresund Henrik Svedäng, Swedish Institute for the Marine Environment The differences in technical regulations between the Öresund and Kattegat were evaluated, as there is ban on towed fishing gears in the Öresund but no such limitations in the adjacent Kattegat. Former important fish species have either disappeared or are reduced to remnant populations in the Kattegat while the fish community in the Öresund is less affected. It is reasonable to believe that the higher fish productivity in the Öresund is linked to the absence of trawling within the Öresund.

Note: 42 pages May 2010 PE 438.585 ISBN 978-92-823-3214-6 Available in: DA, DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, SV Summary: EL PL PT

59 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

Fisheries in Sweden Irina Popescu, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note was requested by the Committee on Fisheries for its Delegation to Sweden (25/05-27/05/2010). The note provides a review of the main characteristics of the Swedish fisheries sector, with a focus on issues such as the legal and institutional framework, fisheries management, catches, the fishing fleet, fishing industry, trade, employment, the fish market and marine research.

Note: April 2010 PE 438.579 75 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR, IT, PL, SV

Tools for Fishing Fleet Management Luc van Hoof, Association of European Fisheries and Aquaculture Research Institutes- EFARO This briefing document focuses on the basic principals of fleet capacity and capacity management and examines how fleet capacity is managed in a number of non-EU countries; Australia, New Zealand, Canada, United States of America, Norway and Iceland. It aims at providing a support tool for the Members of the EP's Committee on Fisheries providing knowledge on instruments for fishing fleet management as used in different non- EU countries in comparison with the EU fishing fleet management scheme.

Study: 68 pages March 2010 PE 431.599 ISBN 978-92-823-3203-0 Available in: EN

Fisheries in Sicily Irina Popescu, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note was requested by the Committee on Fisheries for its Delegation to Sicily (29- 31/03/2010). The note provides a review of the main characteristics of the Sicilian fisheries sector, with a focus on issues such as the legal and institutional framework, resource management, catches, the fishing fleet, fishing industry, external trade, employment, aquaculture and marine research.

Note: February 2010 PE 431.596 48 pages Available in: BG, DE, EN, EL, ES, FR, IT, PT

60 Publications Catalogue ______

Fisheries in the Basque Country Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament Information note for the Delegation of the European Parliament Committee on Fisheries to the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country (Spain) from 15 to 17 February 2010. It describes the fishing fleet of the Basque Country, its fisheries and fishing ports. It also describes the sectors of aquaculture, the processing industry and the sale of fisheries products and research associated with fisheries and the marine and coastal environments.

Note: January 2010 PE 431.583 52 pages Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, PT

Jurisdictional Waters in the Mediterranean and Black Seas Juan Luis Suárez de Vivero, Inmaculada Martínez Alba, Juan Manuel Martín Jiménez and Concepción Jiménez Sánchez Due to their geographical features, maritime jurisdictions in the Mediterranean and Black Seas are particularly complex. The number of states and their relative positions create new boundaries that impact on coastal states’ and third countries’ access to use of the living resources. This study describes and analyses the jurisdictional structure of these two basins and the possible impacts on fishing activity.

Study: 134 pages December 2009 PE 431.602 ISBN 978-92-823-3258-0

Available in: DE, EN, FR, IT

Evaluation of the Impact of « A strategy for the Sustainable Development of European Aquaculture » COM (2002) 511 Final Alistair Lane, European Aquaculture Society-EAS, Courtney Hough, Federation of European Aquaculture Producers-FEAP and John Bostock, University of Stirling Institute of Aquaculture-UoS The 2002 strategy COM (2002) 511 FINAL was a landmark for European aquaculture and looked to build on the excellent growth seen in the sector during the 1990s. This study compares the impact of the 2002 Communication as perceived by various stakeholders across Europe, measured against recent statistics, facts, outcomes of economic, legislative and research processes. While the core objectives of consumer health and safety and environmental issues were perceived to have been partially successful, the growth and development objective was not. In the period examined, Community aquaculture production has stagnated and even declined in some species sectors. Aquaculture development since 2002 was perceived to have been held back by access to coastal and rural space, including competition from other resource users. The administrative burdens placed on (new) aquaculture operations was also considered to be important. Reasons for the gap between the perceived impact and “documented” implementation success of the 2002 strategy are suggested. Some of the less successful actions have also been recognised by the Commission in its COM(2009) 162 aquaculture strategy.

Study: 89 pages October 2009 PE 419.123 ISBN 978-92-823-3061-6 Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT

61 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

Fisheries Management and Recovery Plans since 2002 D.J. Agnew, E. Mitchell, S.P. Savage and C.S. White, MRAG Ltd. Under the CFP, EU fish stocks must be placed under multi-annual recovery or management plans. We review twelve such plans; four have contributed to a successful recovery of their targeted stocks and four have failed to generate any recovery. Failures are primarily due to inadequate provisions for constraining fishing effort and maintaining catches within agreed catch limits, particularly when fish are taken as by-catch in other fisheries.

Study: 162 pages October 2009 PE 431.582 ISBN 978-92-823-3080-7 Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT

Regulatory and Legal Constraints for European Aquaculture C. Hedley and T. Huntington, Ocean Law Information and Consultancy Services, Poseidon Aquatic Resources Management This study reviews key regulatory and legal constraints in aquaculture policies in the EU and in Member States, focussing on the EU’s main producers – France, Greece, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom. Identified constraints and burdens are assessed against both the needs of the EU aquaculture industry and contemporary principles of better regulation and recommendations to lessen, rationalize or remove the constraints and proposed.

Study: 102 pages September 2009 PE 431.568 ISBN 978-92-823-3081-4 Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT

The Impact of WTO and Other Trade Negotiations on Fisheries Miriam Dross, Hendrik Acker and Norma Schönherr, Öko-Institut, Jos Smit and Rik Beukers, Agricultural Economics Research Institute LEI The study compiles and analyses information on international as well as EU trade flows; it considers the tariffs applied in trade in fisheries with a particular focus on tariff protection maintained by the EU. Against this backdrop the current state of the ongoing multilateral and bilateral trade negotiations is described and analysed with regards to their possible impact on the EU fisheries and aquaculture sectors. Regarding negotiations within the WTO framework the focus is on NAMA and fisheries subsidies. The use of trade defence instruments by the EU is also put in the context of possible amendments to the ADA as well as WTO case law.

Study: 124 pages September 2009 PE 419.119 ISBN 978-92-823-3078-4 Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT

62 Publications Catalogue ______

European Aquaculture Competitiveness: Limitations and Possible Strategies John Bostock, Francis Murray James Muir and Trevor Telfer, University of Stirling Institute of Aquaculture UoS, Alistair Lane, European Aquaculture Society EAS, Nikos Papanikos and Philippos Papageorgiou, APC Advanced Planning - Consulting SA - APC S.A, and Victoria Alday-Sanz This study examines the competitiveness of the EU aquaculture sector, as a contribution to the wider review of EU aquaculture policy being carried out by the European Community institutions. EU aquaculture competes with its international equivalents, with outputs from capture fisheries, and more fundamentally within global food markets. With small exceptions, the sector invests in production within the EU, and as little of its product is exported, competition is so far primarily defined within EU markets. Whilst EU aquatic food consumption has risen over the past 10 years, with stable or declining capture fisheries supply, most of this increase has come from imports rather than growth of EU aquaculture. To substantially increase aquaculture production at competitive prices for mainstream EU markets will require larger entities capable of scale economies, although small and micro- enterprises can also provide niche products and help sustain rural and coastal livelihoods. As spatial expansion is highly constrained by environmental regulation and conflicts with other resource users, productivity gains will be important in increasing output. Technological solutions are emerging, but are costly, so under current conditions, investments are more likely to be made in lower-cost production systems in third countries that export to the EU.

Study: EN 142 pages September 2009 PE 431.569 ISBN 978-92-823-3079-1 Summary: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT

Practical Guide - Fisheries Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This practical guide provides an overview of the legal background to the respective policy, of its achievements during the 6th term and of the challenges that still remain to be tackled. Additionally, it contains concise information about the activities of Policy Department B and of the services it can provide.

Guide: 104 pages April 2009 PE 389.580 ISBN 978-92-823-2673-2 Available in: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

63 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

Fisheries in Croatia Jesús Iborra Martín and Lovorka Kekez, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament Document describing the fisheries and aquaculture sector in Croatia for the Delegation of the Committee on Fisheries (25-27 February 2009). The note describes Croatian fisheries, aquaculture and related activities. Special attention is paid to bluefin tuna fattening. The development of relations between Croatia and the European Union is also described. Study: January 2009 PE 408.959 76 pages Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, PT

The Instruments of the Common Market Organisation for Fisheries Products: Producers Organisations Dominique Aviat, A.N.D. International This study describes the main features of OP and analyzes the effectiveness of measures for OP. It analyzes the effectiveness of the system of trade with third countries and the instrumental contribution to the CMO sector competitiveness and employment in the fisheries sector.

Study: November 2008 PE 408.957 30 pages Available in: FR

Fisheries in Madeira Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament Document describing the fisheries and aquaculture sectors in Madeira for the delegation of the Committee on Fisheries 25-28 November 2008.

Note: October 2008 PE 408.947 25 pages Available in: DE, EL, EN, ES, FR, IT, PT

Producers Organisations and the Common Organisation of the Markets in Fisheries Products Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This study describes the intervention mechanisms of the COM in fisheries products and their use in the different Member States. It also describes the development and characteristics of each Member State’s producers’ organisations.

Note: September 2008 PE 408.926 57 pages Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, PT

64 Publications Catalogue ______

Fisheries in Iceland Ana Olivert-Amado, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This document was requested by the Fisheries Committee for the Delegation to Iceland in October 2008. The visit focuses on the fisheries management system in place the Icelandic rights-based management, policy on discards and fisheries control and enforcement.

Note: September 2008 PE 408.938 54 pages Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, PT

Strategic Research Priorities to the Common Fishery Policy (CFP) with Regard to Global Commitments (MSY, EAF, MSFD) Philippe Gros, Alain Biseau, Jean-Marc Fromentin and Olivier Thébaud, IFREMER The paper is focused on the research priorities pertaining to the implementation of the ‘maximum sustainable yield’ (MSY) and of the ‘ecosystem approach to fisheries’ (EAF). The MSY is first examined, taking account of its relevance as a management objective, of its link with maximum economic yield (MEY), and of its close relationship with ecosystem productivity and fishing capacity. Related research priorities are identified. In the second part, emphasis is put on EAF, a very challenge for fishery scientists. The extension of fisheries science towards an ecosystem dimension (including human activities) and the integration of uncertainty have opened up large fields of research. Priorities are presented by domain. Five principal areas of knowledge and related societal issues are identified: ecosystem, resources, exploitation, governance, methodology, the latter encompassing data collection.

Note: EN September 2008 PE 408.936 48 pages

New opportunities offered by the data collection regulation in the fields of biology and of the economy (Council Regulation N°199/2008/EC) Antonio Di Natale, Aquastudio Research Institute This note take into account the recent experience following the adoption of the Data Collection Regulation needed to conduct the common fishery policy (Reg. EC 1543/2000), the improvements over time and the opportunities offered by the recent Reg.(EC) 199/2008. The general framework is now more adapted to the complex reality of the EU fishing fleets, following also a regional approach and setting more adequate provision for the management of data and the international approach to the management of marine resources. Biology and economy now can play together.

Note: EN September 2008 PE 408.935 23 pages

65 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

FEUFAR: The Future of European Fisheries and Aquaculture Research Luc van Hoof, Association of European Fisheries and Aquaculture Research Institutes - EFARO This document provides an overview of the EC FP 6 funded project FEUFAR – The Future of European Fisheries and Aquaculture research. The goal of the FEUFAR Project was to define the research required in the medium term, to permit exploitation and farming of aquatic resources set against the context of key challenges and risks for meeting sustainability requirements. The main output of the exercise is a document outlining key challenges, strategic options and the research needs of capture fisheries and aquaculture in Europe. The project aims to contribute to the development and subsequent implementation of a European Maritime Policy and to further strengthen the European marine research area through anticipation of research needs in the field of fisheries and aquaculture.

Note: EN September 2008 PE 408.934 31 pages

New Ways to Improve the Scientific Advice for Fisheries Management Willy Vanhee, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research A closer look at different types of fisheries management measures with the emphasis of possible use at the European Union level. The requirements of an Ecosystem Approach to Fishery Management (EAFM) and the tools needed to evaluate and help managers in developing this new approach. And finally the challenges for all parties to be taken up in this new way to improve the scientific advice and fisheries management in Europe in the future.

Note: EN September 2008 PE 408.933 35 pages

Operational Problems and Difficulties Encountered in the Production of Scientific Advice for Fisheries Management John Casey This paper aims to provide an overview of the main operational problems and difficulties associated with the production of scientific advice for fisheries management in Europe. The current fisheries management system in Europe is described in outline and a number of key stages are identified. Some of the main problems and difficulties associated with the provision of scientific advice is discussed in relation to each of the stages of the assessment and advisory process.

Note: EN August 2008 PE 408.932 19 pages

66 Publications Catalogue ______

Fisheries in the Dodecanese Islands

Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament Note on the fisheries and aquaculture sector in the Dodecanese islands for the Delegation of the Committee on Fisheries (1-3 October 2008).

Note: August 2008 PE 408.927 22 pages Available in: DE, EL, EN, ES, FR, IT, PT

Marketing and Price Formation of Fisheries and Aquaculture Products Philip Rodgers, Anne Dawson, David Castilla Espino, João Ferriera Dias, Juan José García del Hoyo, Félix García Ordaz, Ramón Jiménez Toribio, Argyris Kapantagapis, Rolf Lasch, Laurent Le Grel, Marta Mendonça and Carlo Pirazzoli This study describes the development of fish prices, value-added and marketing of fish from production by fishing and aquaculture to sales to the final consumer through retailing and catering, along the various distribution chains. It covers seven European Union member states: France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom.

Study: EN August 2008 PE 408.954 161 pages

Technical Measures in the CFP and the Reform of Council Regulation 850/98 Stuart A. Reeves, Andrew S. Revill, Trevor P. Hutton and John K. Pinnegar, CEFAS This study reviews current EU fisheries legislation and its effectiveness in achieving policy objectives related to increasing gear selectivity, reducing the impact of discarding, protecting marine habitats and ecosystems and implementing the MSY approach. The study also reviews the effectiveness of minimum landing sizes and area closures as conservation instruments, and also discusses the relative merits of top-down and bottom-up approaches to establishing technical measures. These issues are discussed in relation to the revision of EU technical measures regulations.

Study: July 2008 PE 408.930 88 pages Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, PT

67 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

The Role of Women in the Sustainable Development of European Fisheries Areas Katia Frangoudes, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR-AMURE Women play an important role in fisheries, including fishing, aquaculture and processing of aquatic products. They have been very active in self-organizing and networking to promote gender equality in many different areas across Europe. They are also a major actor in the diversification of fisheries enterprises income, resulting in the creation of new opportunities in fisheries areas affected by the decline of fishing. The report reviews best practices observed in the fishing areas of 14 EU countries. It also recommends actions for use of the European Fisheries Fund as an instrument to support and promote initiatives for women in European Fisheries Areas, particularly under axis 4 of the EFF.

Study: May 2008 PE 389.586 151 pages Available in: DE, EN, ES Summary: DE, EL, EN, ES, FR, IT, PT

Fisheries in Norway Ana Olivert-Amado, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This document was requested by the Fisheries Committee for the Delegation to Iceland in October 2008. The visit focuses on the fisheries management system in place the Icelandic rights-based management, policy on discards and fisheries control and enforcement.

Note: May 2008 PE 408.938 52 pages Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, PT

Fisheries and Species Interactions: Modelling and Marine Protected Areas Ola Flaaten, University of Tromsö

This briefing paper introduces the bioeconomic modelling and analysis, and focuses on the economics of marine ecosystem use and marine protected areas (MPAs) as a management tool. The description is based on simple graphical models and examples from mainly North- east Atlantic fisheries, though with references to studies based on mathematical and statistical modelling. Fisheries economic theory includes positive as well as normative elements. This brief includes discussion on both positive and normative theories and models.

Note: EN May 2008 PE 405.385 25 pages

68 Publications Catalogue ______

Implementing an Ecosystem Approach in the Management of the Common Fisheries Policy Adela Rey Aneiros, Law Faculty We are faced with a need to study the legal origins and shape, in both international and Community terms, of the ecosystem approach and the challenges involved in implementing this within the current management tools of the common fisheries policy. At a time when the common fisheries policy and environmental policy are clearly converging in the new Marine Strategy, there is a need to reflect on the legal bases, conditions of implementation and expectations.

Note: EN May 2008 PE 405.387 19 pages

Requirements for an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management Paul L. Connolly, The Irish Marine Institute Many of the world’s fish populations are overexploited and some of the ecosystems that sustain them are degraded. The Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) will extend the existing foci of fisheries management to include additional ecosystem considerations. The wider Ecosystem Approach to Marine Management (EAMM) is examined in the context of the Integrated Maritime Policy and Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) which represents an opportunity for a comprehensive policy for protecting, improving and sustainably using Europe’s environmentally degraded seas. EAFM can contribute to an overall EAMM.

Note: EN May 2008 PE 405.386 49 pages Summary: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, PT

International Case Histories - Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Jake Rice, Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans The note presents case histories of activities undertaken by Australia, Canada, United States, the Commission on the Conservation of Antarctic Living Marine Resources, and other jurisdictions to implement an ecosystem approach to fisheries. There are many differences among these case histories, and reasons for the differences are presented. Insight for the implementation of the ecosystem approach to EU fisheries is drawn from the case histories and particularly from the lessons learned from the differences among jurisdictions. Note: EN May 2008 PE 405.388 31 pages Summary: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, PT

69 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

Implementation of the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management Paul L. Connolly, Ola Flaaten, Adela Rey Aneiros and Jake Rice The workshop was held on the Fisheries Committee on 28th May 2008. The aim is to seed light on the meaning of the ecosystem approach to fisheries management and how to best implement it in the EU, from a biological, legal and economic point of view. The workshop is a response to a Communication from the EU Commission which is to be the subject of an INI report. Workshop: EN May 2008 PE 405.389 129 pages

The Ecological and Fisheries Protection Zone (ZERP) in Croatia Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament Although the creation of the Ecological and Fisheries Protection Zone (ZERP) by Croatia is justified as a fisheries resources management measure, its scope goes further than this. There are interferences with border disputes that are serious obstacles to concluding technical agreements. The question of the ZERP has become a priority in the negotiations for the accession of Croatia to European Union. Note: February 2008 PE 397.233 20 pages Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, PT

Fisheries in Ireland Ana Olivert-Amado, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This document describes the fisheries in Ireland for the Delegation of the Committee on Fisheries to Galway and Cork. The visit will focus on the importance of marine research for the fishing industry and the survival of the coastal zones. Note: February 2008 PE 397.243 40 pages Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, PT

Fisheries in Italy Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament Document describing the fisheries sector in Italy for the Delegation of the Committee on Fisheries to Sardinia 4 - 6 February 2008.

Note: January 2008 PE 397.238 38 pages Available in: DE, EL, EN, ES, FR, IT, NL, PT

70 Publications Catalogue ______

Deep Sea Stocks Management Antoine Dosdat and Pascal Lorance, Ifremer, Matthew Gianni, UICN, Philip A. Large, CEFAS Summary conclusions and recommendations based on the presentations and discussions held during the Deep Sea Stock Management Workshop in Brussels, November 22, 2007. The particular vulnerability of deep sea fish and deep sea ecosystems to fishing led the EC and the EU Member States to set TACs on the main target species, reduce fishing effort, limit vessel capacity and to set additional technical measures such as closed areas. The efficiency of the present management is under debate, and the majority of the actors recognize that further effort should be made to increase the protective and precautionary value of the existing regulation. On the science side, deep sea fisheries are still in a data poor situation and measures to improve the knowledge of the stocks status and of the ecosystem impact of fishing, as well as management measures limiting fishing effort (and possibly banning trawling at depths > 2000 m), better monitoring of landings and discards (which may include a ban on discarding), managing more species under TACs (to reduce misreporting and to prevent new fisheries developing), improving the quality control of sampling plans and sampling performance by Member States, greater funding of research surveys to provide tuning data for assessments, encouraging greater availability of VMS data and defining closed or protected areas, have all been discussed among experts and policy makers attending the Workshop.

Workshop Proceedings: December 2007 PE 389.606 151 pages Available in: DE, EL, EN, ES, FR, IT

Environmental Effects of Fishing Gears and the Socioeconomic Consequences of Their Modification, Substitution or Suppression Jose Franco, AZTI TECNALIA The purpose of the study is to provide the committee on Fisheries with a clear and detailed description of the recent developments in fishing gears and fishing techniques in order to improve selectivity and reduce impacts on the habitats. The study describes the environmental effects of fishing gears and analyzes the technical measures in each of the fishing gears, the economic performance of European fishing fleet and the implications of modifications, substitution or suppression of fishing gears.

Study: EN September 2007 PE 375.312 180 pages

71 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

Rights Based Management in Fisheries Bjørn Hersoug, Torbjorn Trondsen, The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, Luc van Hoof and Maud Evrard, Wageningen UR IMARES, Thórólfur Matthiasson, University of Iceland Summary conclusions and recommendations based on the presentations and discussions held during the Rights Based Management Workshop in Brussels, September 10th, 2007. Declining fish stocks led governments to limit overall catches by setting limits to total landings, fishing effort and access, including vessel and gear restrictions, area closures and days-at-sea constraints. In the European Union the current debate is on rights-based management tools in fisheries in which transferable license and quota systems should bring about a reduction of the fleet overcapitalisation and result in a smaller fleet (in terms of number of vessels and employment) producing the same amount of fish in a more efficient way.

Workshop: September 2007 PE 389.601 79 pages Available in: DE, EL, EN, ES, FR, IT, PT

Climate Change and European Fisheries Catriona Clemmesen and Jörn Schmidt, IFM-GEOMAR, Alexander Potrykus, BiPRO GmbH Climate change is expected to result in several processes that can have an impact on the biological productivity of the marine ecosystems and on the distribution of marine resources. The purpose of the present study is to provide an analysis of the probable impacts and consequences of climate change on European Union marine fisheries and aquaculture. The basis of the study is a comprehensive review of approximately 200 relevant and up-to-date scientific literatures with particular reference to the fisheries resources that are relevant for the European Union fisheries both in the Atlantic and in the adjacent seas (Mediterranean, North Sea and Baltic). The effects of climate change on fisheries will affect a sector already characterised by full utilisation of resources. Changes in the productivity of the ecosystem will have a profound effect on the sustainability of the fisheries. Because of that; climate change is currently the target of very extensive research for estimating how fish stocks will develop in the future and other issues having a significant impact on European Fisheries. Seven possible policy options have been identified and are discussed in the study.

Study: 138 pages August 2007 PE 379.208 ISBN 978-92-823-2422-6

Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT Summary: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, MT, NL, PL, PT

72 Publications Catalogue ______

Regional Dependency on Fisheries Pavel Salz, Framian, Graeme Macfadyen, Poseidon Ltd. The purpose of the study is to provide the Committee on Fisheries with a clear and detailed analysis of regional dependency on fisheries in the coastal regions of the European Union. The study analyzes and presents statistical data on the regional (NUTS-2 level) role and importance of the fisheries sector and its four sub-sectors – fishing, fish processing, aquaculture and ancillary activities, in terms of creation of income and maintenance of employment, and dependency of the regional economies on the fisheries sector. The study also estimates the role and importance of TAC species for the national and regional fishing fleets.

Study: EN October 2007 PE 379.204 162 pages

The Reform of the Common Organisation of the Market of Fisheries Products of 2000 Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This document compares the proposal for a Regulation (COM 99/0055 final) with the amendments adopted by the European Parliament and the text adopted by the Council (R (CE) n° 104/2000).

Study: June 2007 PE 379.225 44 pages Available in: EN, ES, FR

Fishing in Estonia Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament Briefing note for the Delegation of the Committee on Fisheries to Estonia 28-30 June 2007. The note describes the fisheries sector in Estonia. It also describes the regulation of fishing in the Baltic Sea and the methods by which the Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs) system is applied in Estonia.

Note: May 2007 PE 389.583 44 pages Available in: DE, EN, ES, ET, FR, SV

73 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

Aquaculture in the Eastern Mediterranean: Greece, Turkey and Cyprus Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note describes aquaculture production in Greece, Turkey and Cyprus. It gives an analysis of developments in production, the market and corporate structure. In particular, it examines the main products (seabream and seabass) and the production of bluefin tuna as an emerging activity based on a fragile resource. The note was drafted for the Committee on Fisheries delegation 12-14 April 2007.

Note: March 2007 PE 379.220 32 pages Available in: DE, EL, EN, ES, FR, IT, PT

Perspectives for the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement Study C. Hedley, R.R. Churchill, L. De La Fayette, G. Hønneland and A. Serdy, Oceanlaw Information and Consultancy Services This study reviews implementation of key provisions of the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement (New York, 1995) in order to determine the current achievements, constraint and future perspectives for the Agreement in facilitating sustainable management of high seas fisheries resources and provides an analysis of the Agreement’s Review Conference, convened under Article 36 of the Agreement, which took place in May 2006. The study: briefly compares recent and historic assessments of the state of high seas fisheries resources, in order to determine the possible impact of the Agreement on the status of stocks; describes the processes leading to the 2006 Review Conference and the major discussions and conclusions of the Conference; and provides a detailed analysis of implementation of the Agreement both by regional fisheries management organisations (RFMOs) and by States individually. Key conclusions and recommendations are presented.

Study: February 2007 PE 375.320 133 pages Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, PT

Fisheries in Martinique Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament Briefing note on the fisheries and aquaculture sector in Martinique for the Committee on Fisheries delegation 28 February - 5 March 2007.

Note: January 2007 PE 379.211 22 pages Available in: EL, EN, ES, FR, IT

74 Publications Catalogue ______

Fisheries in Portugal Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament Document describing the fisheries sector in Portugal for the delegation of the Committee on Fisheries visiting the Algarve 13-15 September 2006.

Note: July 2006 PE 369.030 44 pages Available in: DE, EL, EN, ES, FR, PT

The Impact of the Increase of the Oil Price in European Fisheries Pavel Salz, Framian, Jos Smit, LEI B.V The purpose of the study is to provide the committee on Fisheries with a clear and detailed analysis of the impact of the increase in the oil price in European fisheries for the main fishing methods in each Member State. The study analyzes the current tendencies in oil prices, its impact on EU fisheries in order to draw prospects and conclusions in terms of policy making. The study proposes possible and viable support measures for the fishing industry from a Community perspective, having analyzed the support measures adopted or in study in different Member States.

Study: 148 pages June 2006 PE 363.793 ISBN 92-823-2123-1 Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, PT Summary: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, PT

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: Developments, Challenges and Perspectives MegaPesca Lda, OceanLaw Information & Consultancy Services This study seeks to provide an analysis of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, with particular reference to fisheries management and to the European Community (EC). The report provides a brief synopsis of the Convention, including the mechanisms for review and amendment of the Convention and for EC participation in the Convention, together with a more detailed analysis of its provisions on fisheries. The relationship between the Convention and issues of recent concern in international fisheries management is considered. These issues include the regulation of straddling and highly migratory fish stocks, the role of regional fisheries management organisations (RFMOs), driftnet fishing, fisheries bycatch and discards, the promotion of sustainable fisheries and illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing.

Study: 99 pages June 2006 PE 363.792 ISBN 92-823-2012 Available in: DE, EL, EN, ES, FR, IT, PT

75 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

Situación Socioeconómica del Sector Pesquero Comunitario Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament Contribution to the report "Improvement of the economic situation of the Fisheries sector".

Note: ES May 2006 PE 369.040 7 pages

Fisheries in France Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament Document describing the fisheries sector in France for the Delegation of the Committee on Fisheries to Brittany 21-24 June 2006.

Note: April 2006 PE 369.038 35 pages Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, PT

Fisheries in Greece Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament Document describing the fisheries sector in Greece for the Delegation of the Committee on Fisheries to Thessaloniki 3-6 June 2006.

Note: April 2006 PE 396.028 29 pages Available in: DE, EL, EN, ES, IT

Fisheries in Italy Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament Document describing the fisheries sector in Italy for the Delegation of the Committee on Fisheries to Venice (19-22/04/2006).

Note: March 2006 PE 396.027 35 pages Available in: DE, EL, EN, ES, IT, NL

76 Publications Catalogue ______

Inshore Fisheries: the Problems Encountered by Inshore Fishermen Centro Tecnológico del Mar – Fundación CETMAR This document aims to provide accurate and structured information to the EP Fisheries Committee about: the importance of small inshore fishing; and the specific social, economic and environmental problems of the sector in Member States. The discussion is structured so that the final conclusions and recommendations are based on an inventory reflecting the state of affairs in each Member State and an exposition of the key issues of small inshore fisheries at the Community level, with specific references to Member States.

Study: 162 pages October 2005 PE 363.797 ISBN 92-823-2129-0 Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, PT Summary: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, PT

Fisheries in Andalucía Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament Note prepared for the visit to Almería by a delegation of the Committee on Fisheries 4-6 October 2005.

Note: September 2005 PE 363.788 10 pages Available in: DE, EL, EN, ES, FR, IT

Fisheries in the United Kingdom Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament Note prepared for the delegation of the Committee on fisheries in South West of England 11-13 September 2005.

Note: EN September 2005 PE 361.217 11 Pages

Fisheries in Poland Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament Note prepared for the delegation of the Committee on fisheries in Poland 12-15 June 2005.

Note: May 2005 PE 355.363 25 pages Available in: DE, EL, EN, ES, FR, PL

77 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

Fisheries in Malta Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament Note prepared for the delegation of the Committee of fisheries in Malta 18-21April 2005.

Note: March 2005 PE 355.360 14 pages Available in: DE, EN, ES, PL

Regulation in Australia, Canada, Japan and United States of America on Fishmeal Use for Feedstuff Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament The aim of this note is to establish the legislative position regarding the feeding of fishmeal to ruminants in four countries outside the European Union: Australia, Canada, Japan and the United States.

Note: EN March 2005 PE 350.810 7 pages

Le Secteur de la Pêche au Pérou Beatriz Oliveira-Goumas, Pablo Paniagua, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament Description de la situation du secteur de la pêche au Pérou. Analyse de son évolution et des perspectives de développement.

Note: FR Octobre 2004 PE 349.822 19 pages

78 Publications Catalogue ______

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT - REGI

The REGI Committee is responsible for:

Regional and cohesion policy, in particular: a. the European Regional Development Fund, the Cohesion Fund and the other instruments of the Union's regional policy, b. assessing the impact of other Union policies on economic and social cohesion, c. coordination of the Union's structural instruments, d. outermost regions and islands as well as trans-frontier and interregional cooperation, e. relations with the Committee of the Regions, interregional cooperation organisations and local and regional authorities. At the meeting of 14 December 2006, the Conference of Presidents decided to include the urban dimension as a competence of the committee.

Economic, social and territorial situation of Denmark Marek Kołodziejski This Note provides an overview of the Danish economic, political and administrative framework for EU Cohesion policy, as well as its National Strategic Reference Framework for the period 2007-2013. The paper gives also an insight into the Danish position on the future of Cohesion policy and the priorities of the EU Presidency from 1 January - 30 June 2012. The Note has been prepared in the context of the Committee on Regional Development's delegation to Denmark, March 2012. Note: March 2012 PE 474.536 40 pages Available in: EN, FR, DA

Barriers for applicants to structural funding Metis GmbH: Herta Tödtling–Schönhofer, Christine Hamza, EPRC, University of Strathclyde: Laura Polverari, John Bachtler This study analyses the factors which facilitate or discourage local stakeholders' and businesses' decision to apply for support from Structural Funds (SF). In the current recession it is vital to attract as many applicants as possible. Through a wide-ranging literature review, case studies, questionnaires and interviews, this study tries to answer questions about what can be done to attract more applications, and how the participation of successful applicants can be made more effective. It puts forward a number of specific recommendations for policy makers at local, regional, national and EU level. Study: 120 pages February 2012 PE 474.525 ISBN 978-92-823-3673-1 Available in: EN, DE, FR Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

79 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

Economic, social and territorial situation of French Guiana Marek Kołodziejski and Kathrin Rudolf, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies This note provides an overview of France, its political, economic and administrative system, together with a description of European Union support to France, and the Operational Programmes contained in the National Strategic Reference Framework for the period 2007- 13. Special attention is given to the specificities of French Guiana, its structural, social and economic situation and its status as an outermost region, as well as the underlying specific conditions relating to development strategies and the use of structural funds and cohesion policy. The note has been prepared in the context of the Committee on Regional Development's delegation to French Guiana, 2–6 November 2011.

Note: October 2011 PE 460.068 46 pages Available in: EN, FR

Impact and effectiveness of Structural funds and EU policies aimed at SMEs in the regions - Provisional version

Metis GmbH : Herta Tödtling–Schönhofer ,Christine Hamza, Andreas Resch, EPRC, University of Strathclyde: Laura Polverari, John Bachtler This study provides a description of the general nature of SMEs and their development factors as well as the support that Cohesion Policy and other EU policies provide to SMEs. It then assesses practical aspects and effects of Cohesion Policy on enterprises and SMEs on the basis of a review of published materials and eight case studies drawn from SME- relevant ERDF OPs from 2007-2013; where possible, it also includes lessons learnt from 2000-2006. The conclusions and policy recommendations put forward clearly highlight the complex relationship between EU policies and SMEs as final beneficiaries of support in the EU multilevel governance system.

Study: EN 170 pages October 2011 PE 460.051 ISBN 978-92-823-3598-7 Summary: EN

Economic, social and territorial situation of Poland

Dr. Esther Kramer and Marek Kołodziejski; Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies This note provides an overview of Poland's economic, political and administrative framework for EU Cohesion policy, as well as of its National Strategic Reference Framework for the period 2007-2013. The paper also gives an insight into the Polish position on the future of Cohesion policy and the priorities of the EU Presidency from 1 July - 31 December 2011. The note has been prepared in the context of the Committee on Regional Development's delegation to Poland, 16 - 17 October 2011.

Note: EN September 2011 PE 460.065 42 pages

80 Publications Catalogue ______

Comparative study on the visions and options for Cohesion Policy after 2013

Carlos Mendez, Prof. John Bachtler, Fiona Wishlade, European Policies Research Centre (EPRC) This study provides a critical analysis of EU Cohesion Policy reform perspectives for the post-2013 period. On the basis of a literature review and budgetary modelling, the study offers an assessment of the policy’s strengths and weaknesses, the main reform ideas and counter-positions, including the implications of different reform proposals. Recommendations are derived to inform the position of the European Parliament in the upcoming negotiations on the legislative package of regulations.

Study: 154 pages August 2011 PE 460.062 ISBN 978-92-823-3487-4 Available in: EN, DE, FR

Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

The role of Regional Policy in addressing the effects of Climate Change in Outermost Regions

Bernd Schuh, Austrian Institute for Spatial Planning (ÖIR); Herbert Formayer and Heidelinde Trimmel, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU) This study explores potential effects of climate change on the Outermost regions and presents the measures and initiatives within EU Regional Policy supporting mitigation and/or adaption of these regions to climate change. The objective of the study is to enlarge the knowledge of potential threats of climate change in the Outermost regions and to assess the role of Regional Policy in this context.

Study: July 2011 PE 460.056 162 pages Available in: EN, DE, FR

Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

Economic, social and territorial situation of Greece

Dr. Esther Kramer, Policy Department Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This Note provides an overview of Greece's economic, political and administrative framework for EU Cohesion policy, as well as of the state of play of the implementation of the National Strategic Reference Framework for the period 2007-2013. It focuses in particular on the regions of Central Macedonia, Epirus and West Macedonia. The note has been prepared in the context of the Committee on Regional Development's delegation to Greece, 13 - 15 July 2011.

Note: June 2011 PE 460.052 46 pages Available in: EN, EL

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Economic, social and territorial situation of the United Kingdom

Dr. Esther Kramer, Policy Department Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This Note provides an overview of the United Kingdom's economic, political and administrative framework for EU Cohesion policy, as well as of its National Strategic Reference Framework for the period 2007-2013. It focuses in particular on the English regions of London and the South East. The paper gives also an insight into the United Kingdom's position on the future of Cohesion policy and the role it can play in this context. The Note has been prepared in the context of the Committee on Regional Development's delegation to the United Kingdom, 14 - 16 June 2011.

Note: May 2011 PE 460.046 52 pages Available in: EN, DE

The Inter-Relationship between the Structural Funds and the Provision of Services of General (Economic) Interest and the Potential for Cross-Border Service Delivery

DEAS, Department of Economics, Business and Statistics, University of Milan (Milan), CIRIEC International (Liège), CSIL, Centre for Industrial Studies (Milan), PPMI, Public Policy and Management Institute (Vilnius) This study aims to provide a detailed and critical analysis of Services of General (Economic) Interest in the 27 Member States and their regions and the scope of EU regional policy in their financing. In particular, the study discusses the different definitions and traditions in place, the main issues at stake in the policy debate, the levels of provision in the different countries and regions and the scope and use of Structural Funds to support the provision of those services.

Study: 214 pages October 2010 PE 438.616 ISBN 978-92-823-3351-8 Available in: DE, EN, FR Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

Economic, Social and Territorial Situation of Romania Ivana Katsarova, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note provides a short overview of Romania's economic, political and administrative set-up together with a description of Community support to Romania, and the Operational Programmes contained in the National Strategic Reference Framework for the period 2007- 2013. It focuses in particular on the region of Bucuresti-Ilfov and the Vest region. The note has been prepared in the context of the Committee on Regional Development's delegation to Romania, 3 - 5 November 2010.

Note: October 2010 PE 438.617 30 pages Available in: EN, FR, RO

82 Publications Catalogue ______

Review and Assessment of Simplification Measures in Cohesion Policy 2007-2013 John Bachtler and Carlos Mendez, European Policies Research Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow This paper provides a review and assessment of the simplification measures in Cohesion policy in 2007-13. Simplification has been an ongoing feature of reform debates since 1988. The most recent simplification exercise responds to the economic crisis and involves measures for speeding up programme implementation. The measures have been at least partially effective, with some programmes playing a major role in dealing with the crisis, through accelerated spending or special instruments. The longer term focus of attention is on how the current, administratively complex management and control system can be simplified while maintaining assurance on the regularity of spending. The issues covered by this note were presented and discussed in the framework of the Workshop "Simplification in Cohesion Policy", held at the European Parliament on 21 June 2010.

Note: EN July 2010 PE 438.604 27 pages

Simplification of Audit Procedures and Shared Management in Cohesion Policy Roland Blomeyer, Blomeyer & Sanz This note analyses recent Structural Funds simplification measures with regard to their impact on the management and control systems under shared management. Until now, only a modest reduction of the Member States’ administrative burden has been achieved. The focus on control deflects attention from content, and Member State stakeholders support further reform. Moreover, potential opportunities for efficient simplification are identified, such as enhancing the proportionality of management and control requirements and streamlining control and audit. The issues covered by this note were presented and discussed in the framework of the Workshop "Simplification in Cohesion Policy", held at the European Parliament on 21 June 2010.

Note: EN July 2010 PE 438.600 32 pages

Economic, Social and Territorial Situation of Germany (Metropolitan Region Rhine-Neckar) Esther Kramer and Kathrin Maria Rudolf, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note provides a short overview of Germany's economic, political and administrative set-up and of the specificities of the metropolitan region Rhine-Neckar with the cities of Mannheim, Heidelberg and Ludwigshafen. It then describes the support from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) within those territories. The note has been prepared in the context of the Committee on Regional Development's delegation to the metropolitan region Rhine-Neckar, 23 - 25 June 2010.

Note: May 2010 PE 438.578 38 pages Available in: CS, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

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Economic, Social and Territorial Situation in France Kathrin Maria Rudolf, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note provides an overview of France's economic, political and administrative set-up. It then concentrates on the special conditions in the Regions Centre and Ile-de-France, with a description of the EU support (ERDF) 2007-2013 within those territories. The note has been prepared in the context of the Committee on Regional Development's delegation to France on 28-30 April 2010.

Note: April 2010 PE 431.605 56 pages Available in: EN, FR

The Role of National Parliaments in Regional Policy under the Treaty of Lisbon Esther Kramer, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note describes the impact of the Treaty of Lisbon on Regional Policy in general and on the role of National Parliaments in particular. The introduction of new provisions concerns the legislative procedures, the scope and the governance system of Regional Policy. Despite some limitations, the overall political impact of the Lisbon Treaty could lead to a strengthening of national and European parliamentary recognition in the EU decision- making process.

Note: EN March 2010 PE 438.580 30 pages

The Impact of the Treaty of Lisbon on Regional Policy Esther Kramer, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This Note describes the impact of the Treaty of Lisbon on Regional Policy. The Treaty introduces new provisions which affect the legislative procedures as well as the scope and the governance system of Regional Policy. They open up new possibilities of increased political influence for the Members of the Committee on Regional Development at several stages of the EU decision-making process.

Note: January 2010 PE 431.586 22 pages Available in: BG, ES, CS, DE, EL, EN, FR, IT, LT, HU, PL, PT, RO, SK

84 Publications Catalogue ______

Improving the Integrated Approach to Deprived Neighbourhoods Jacques Bardouin, Carmelo Messina, Caterina Febbraio and Magali Mosse, EUROFOCUS This study covers two successive programming periods (2000-2013). It looks at the background and the achievements of European policy on deprived neighbourhoods, sensitive urban areas and the instruments used for such purposes by the European Regional Development Fund and the European Social Fund. It sets out recommendations for improving future urban development policy by means of an integrated approach, especially from the point of view of governance and inter-sectoral integration.

Study: December 2009 PE 431.587 86 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SV

Cohesion Policy : Challenges and Issues Ivana Katsarova, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note discusses the follow-up of the debate on the future of Cohesion policy and puts forward some ideas for a joint discussion with the COTER committee.

Note: September 2009 PE 419.115 16 pages Available in: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FR, IT, LV, LT, HU, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, FI, SV

Economic, Social and Territorial Situation of Madeira (Portugal) Esther Kramer, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note provides an overview of Portugal's economic, political and administrative set-up and of its regional policy laid down in the National Strategic Reference Framework for the period 2007-2013. It then concentrates on the special conditions in the Autonomous Region of Madeira, with a description of the Community support and the targeted implementation of Regional and Operational Programmes. The note has been prepared in the context of the Regional Development Committee Delegation to Madeira, 26-28 October 2009.

Note: June 2009 PE 419.117 42 pages Available in: EN, FR, PT

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Regional Policy and Climate Change Centre for Industrial Studies The purpose of this study is to provide a concise analysis of the potential contribution of EU Cohesion policy to combating climate change. On the basis of qualitative and quantitative secondary evidence (in particular EU Structural Funds budget in 2000-2006 and 2007- 2013) and primary qualitative evidence (two case studies in Finland and Italy), the study highlights the great progress that has been made in the use of Structural Funds to tackle climate change. Recommendations are proposed to further strengthen the contribution of Structural Funds in the field.

Study: 89 pages June 2009 PE 419.104 ISBN 978-92-823-2939-9 Available in: DE, EN, FR

Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

The Data Transparency Initiative and its Impact on Cohesion Policy Centre for Industrial Studies This study looks at the implementation of the European Transparency Initiative (ETI) in the field of Cohesion policy. The aim of the ETI is to improve communication about EU’s initiatives in general and to enhance transparency on EU spending in particular. The main questions addressed concern the ability of Member States in fulfilling the ETI requirements in the field of Cohesion policy and the conditions under which the ETI can be successfully implemented.

Study: 100 pages June 2009 PE 419.102 ISBN 978-92-823-2870-5 Available in: DE, EN, FR

Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

An analysis of the Added Value of European Structural Funding Centre for Industrial Studies, Leeds Metropolitan University This study provides a critical and detailed analysis of the EU Cohesion policy instruments over the last two programming periods, 2000-2006 and 2007-2013. Through the production of eight regional case studies complemented by a review of secondary sources, the report offers some insight into the impact that Structural Funds programmes have been having or are likely to have, and provides an in-depth commentary on key issues in relation to added value and economic sustainability of Cohesion policy.

Study: 77 pages June 2009 PE 419.107 ISBN 978-92-823-2919-1 Available in: DE, EN, FR

Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

86 Publications Catalogue ______

Monitoring Programmes of Cross-Border Cooperation with Neighbouring Partner Countries Carmelo Messina, Jacques Bardouin, Lidia Auricchio and Caterina Febbraio, EUROFOCUS This study, which covers the cross-border programming period 2007- 2013 of the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI CBC), describes the basic concepts, historical background, operational procedures, ongoing processes, problems that have arisen and recommendations for future improvements relating to the cross-border cooperation dimension of the European Neighbourhood Policy.

Study: 154 pages May 2009 PE 419.108 ISBN 978-92-823-2943-6 Available in: DE, EN, FR Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, ET, EN, FR, FI, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

The Role of Local Authorities in Addressing Social Disparities Peter Schneidewind, Hannes Wimmer, Tony Kinsella, Szabolcs Klubuk and Christoph Gollner, Metis GmbH This study provides a critical analysis of the competences of local authorities, their instruments and their role in addressing social disparities. It presents an overall description of the variety of local authority structures across the EU and then looks closely at how those authorities deal with specific policy challenges. This research is illustrated by case studies of 13 different local authorities, their challenges, priorities, approaches, and requirements. The paper seeks to identify common factors leading to the success or failure of these approaches, and suggests possible solutions.

Study: 77 pages May 2009 PE 419.103 ISBN 978-92-823-2930-6 Available in: DE, EL, EN, FR

Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

Moving Towards a Territorialisation of European R&D and Innovation Policies Herta Tödtling-Schönhofer, Csaba Harsanyi, Tony Kinsella and Lukas Wortmann, Metis GmbH, Franz Tödtling, University of Economics Vienna The study examines the territorial dimension of RTDI as supported by Structural Funds and the Framework Programme. A comprehensive analysis of the drivers of innovation reveals bottlenecks and success factors in realizing a territorial approach of RTDI. 23 case studies illustrate approaches fostering innovation and regional innovation supported by European funds. The study suggests to strengthen regional capacities for utilizing the earmarked RTDI Cohesion funds and to improve local anchoring of research projects.

Study: 140 pages May 2009 PE 419.105 ISBN 978-92-823-2932-0 Available in: DE, EN, FR

Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

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The Economic Return of Cohesion Expenditure for Member States John Bradley, EMDS Dublin, Gerhard Untiedt, GEFRA Münster, Janusz Zaleski, WARR Wroclaw This study provides an analysis of the economic returns of structural and cohesion policy expenditure (ERDF and Cohesion Fund) to net contributors to the EU budget, (“donor” member states). The analysis shows that the economic benefits for the recipient countries are positive both during the implementation phase and in the long-run. Although the donor member states gain from expanded trade, this is not sufficient in all cases fully to compensate them for the negative economic effects that arise from the extra cost to finance the cohesion expenditure programmes in the recipient states by means of higher taxes in the donor states. However, negative impacts, where they arise, are small.

Study: 158 pages May 2009 PE 419.106 ISBN 978-92-823-2918-4 Available in: DE, EN, FR Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

The Role of Cohesion Policy in Preempting the Negative Impact of the Financial Crisis

Ivana Katsarova, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note discusses the measures taken up to alleviate the consequences of the financial crisis on growth and jobs.

Note: EN March 2009 PE 419.094 18 pages

Practical Guide - Regional Development Ivana Katsarova, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This practical guide provides an overview of the legal background to the respective policy, of its achievements during the 6th term and of the challenges that still remain to be tackled. Additionally, it contains concise information about the activities of Policy Department B and of the services it can provide.

Guide: 44 pages March 2009 ISBN 978-92-823-2691-6

Available in: BG, ES, CS, DA, DE, EL, ET, EN, FR, IT, LV, LT, HU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, FI, SV

88 Publications Catalogue ______

The Future of Cohesion Policy After 2013 Ivana Katsarova, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note discusses the follow-up of the debate on the future of Cohesion policy and puts forward some ideas for a joint discussion with national parliamentary committees dealing with regional development. Note: February 2009 PE 408.970 20 pages Available in: EN, FR

Economic, Social and Territorial Situation of the Region of Silesia (Poland) Ivana Katsarova and Jacqueline Brown, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note provides an overview of Poland, its political system, economy and administrative set-up, together with a description of Community support to Poland, and the Operational Programmes contained in the National Strategic Reference Framework for the period 2007- 13. In addition, it focuses on the specificities of the region of Silesia, its development strategies and main challenges for the future. The note has been prepared in the context of the Regional Development Committee Delegation to Poland, 23-25 February 2009. Note: January 2009 PE 408.966 38 pages Available in: EN, ES, FI, FR

Intercultural Dialogue and Cohesion Policy Ivana Katsarova, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note examines the concept of intercultural dialogue and the EU response to it. It provides an overview of the contribution of Cohesion Policy and presents a selection of EU funded projects. The note has been prepared in the context of the Regional Development Committee hearing on the same subject.

Note: EN October 2008 PE 405.405 30 pages

Economic, Social and Territorial Situation of Bulgaria Ivana Katsarova, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note provides an overview of Bulgaria, its political system, economy and administrative set-up, together with a description of Community support to Bulgaria, and the Operational Programmes contained in the National Strategic Reference Framework for the period 2007- 13. The note has been prepared in the context of the Regional Development Committee Delegation to Bulgaria, 30 September - 2 October 2008.

Note: June 2008 PE 405.377 31 pages Available in: EN, FR

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Regional Policy in Finland Jacqueline Brown, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note provides an overview of Finland, including political arrangements, economic, territorial and regional issues. Finland is currently facing challenges presented by depopulation of rural areas and by an ageing and scattered population, which has a heavy dependence on public services. The country is addressing the need to lengthen the average working life of its workforce, to promote greater productivity in what is, nonetheless, a very successful economy. The note describes Finland's approach to regional policy, including its use of European Structural Funds. The note has been prepared in the context of the Regional Policy Committee Delegation to Finland, 20-23 July 2008, and gives particular focus to Pohjois-Pohjanmaa (Northern Ostrobothnia) and Lapland.

Note: June 2008 PE 397.262 40 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR, PL

Shrinking Regions: a Paradigm Shift in Demography and Territorial Development Claude Grasland, Ronan Ysebaert, Bernard Corminboeuf, Nicolas Gaubert, Nicolas Lambert and Isabelle Salmon, University Paris Diderot - UMS RIATE, Myriam Baron, Sophie Baudet- Michel, Estelle Ducom, Dominique Rivière, Camille Schmoll and Christine Zanin, CNRS Paris-A, Jérome Gensel, Jean-Marc Vincent, Christine Plumejeaud, LIG - University Joseph Fourier, Gilles Van Hamme, IGEAT - Free University of Brussels, Einar Holm and Magnus Strömgren, Université d’Umeå, Pasquale Coppola and Alessia Salaris, University of Naples, Octavian Groza, Ionel Muntele, George Turcanasu and Oana Stoleriu, University Alexandru, Ioan Cuza Economic, social and territorial cohesion policies as a whole are being affected by current demographic trends. Shrinking population figures within entire regions are compounding and sometimes merging with the development disparity issues traditionally at the heart of EU cohesion policy. In the opinion of the authors, it is therefore necessary to review every aspect of this policy, including economic, social, environmental and, in particular, territorial issues. The problem of demographic decline must accordingly be met by means of a multilevel supra-regional (European Union, Member States), infra-regional (local authorities, conurbations) and trans-regional (cross-border and internal border areas) approach.

Study: 123 pages June 2008 PE 408.928 ISBN 978-92-823-2563-6 Available in: DE, EN, FR Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

90 Publications Catalogue ______

The Impact of Tourism on Coastal Areas: Regional Development Aspects Silvia Vignetti (coordinator), Federica Givone, Davide Sartori and Alessandro Valenza, CSIL Centre for Industrial Studies, Matteo Montebelli and Angela Amodio, Touring Servizi The present study examines the role that Structural Funds play in supporting tourism interventions in coastal regions. Although tourism is not a high priority, and in quantitative terms the proportion of Structural Funds spent on tourism is only a small proportion of the total, the impact in qualitative terms on regional development is substantial, especially in those coastal regions that are highly dependent on the tourism sector. The findings of the study show that a significant impact is related to aspects of institutional building, especially in the new Member States. Another important impact concerns awareness-raising, especially with regard to the environmental sustainability aspects of tourism projects. It is well recognised by policy-makers that the sustainability of a fast-growing sector such as tourism, particularly mass tourism in coastal regions, is a key challenge for the future.

Study: 89 pages April 2008 PE 397.260 ISBN 978-92-823-2412-7 Available in: DE, EN, FR, PT Handbook: EN Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

Good Practice in the Field of Regional Policy and Obstacles to the Use of Structural Funds Carmelo Messina, Jacques Bardouin, Lidia Auricchio and Marie-Luce Blanc, Eurofocus This study sets out concepts and findings, and the desirable content of an EU methodology along with recommendations for contributing to efforts to support the capitalisation and promotion of good practice in the field of territorial development, co-financed in the framework of Community regional policy, for the 2000-2006 and 2007-2013 Structural Funds programming periods.

Study: 70 pages April 2008 PE 405.396 ISBN 978-92-823-2560-5 Available in: DE, EN, FR Summary: CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, SK, SL, SV

The Relationship between European Micro-States and the European Union Ivana Katsarova, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note examines the relationship between Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco, San Marino, the Vatican City and the European Union. It looks into the main features of each of the above-mentioned micro-states and evaluates the level of territorial cooperation with EU Member States where it exists.

Note: EN March 2008 PE 397.247 54 pages

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Regional Policy in Estonia Jacqueline Brown, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note provides an overview of Estonia, its economy, people and governance arrangements, together with a description of EU support to Estonia, and of Estonia's regional policy actions for the period 2007-13. The note has been prepared in the context of the Regional Policy Committee Delegation to Estonia, 28-30 April 2008.

Note: March 2008 PE 397.256 26 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR, IT

Governance and Partnership in Regional Policy Herta Tödtling Schönhofer, Hannes Wimmer, Tony Kinsella and Bert Preiss, ÖIR- Managementdienste GmbH, Xavier Camus, Schuman Associates The study focuses on governance and partnership in the processes that have been set up in Member States on programming the National Strategic Reference Frameworks. It analyses new elements of horizontal and vertical integration and looks at whether these have been followed up in the Operational Programmes. The paper identifies factors leading to the success or failure of the integrated approach in Cohesion policy, highlights existing problems and shortcomings and suggests possible solutions.

Study: 62 pages Annex: EN January 2008 PE 397.245 ISBN 978-92-823-2400-4 Available in: DE, EN, FR Summary: CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, SK, SL, SV

Follow-up of the Territorial Agenda and the Leipzig Charter: Towards a European Action Programme for Spatial Development and Territorial Cohesion Isabel Naylon and Peter Schneidewind, ÖIR-Managementdienste GmbH, Gabriele Tatzberger, Austrian Institute for Regional Studies and Spatial Planning The study carries out a detailed analysis of the implications of the Territorial Agenda and the Leipzig Charter for EU policy making. It provides an overview of the issues and territorial challenges facing the EU and of the territorial dimension of current EU policies. It looks in some depth at selected fields of action for the advancement of territorial cohesion and provides a number of recommendations for action.

Study: 65 pages December 2007 PE 397.237 ISBN 978-92-823-2397-7 Available in: DE, EN, FR Summary: CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, SK, SL, SV

92 Publications Catalogue ______

Using Sustainable and Renewable Energies in the Context of the Structural Policy 2007-2013 Gruppo Soges - Eurofocus, ERAC This study analyses the role of sustainable and renewable energies in the 2000-2006 Structural Funds programming period, by focusing on the different Member States’ Operational Programmes and on examples of good practice. It also reports the main measures relating to sustainable and renewable energies presented in the National Strategic Reference Frameworks and describes a series of proposals intended to increase the use of Structural Funds to promote sustainable and renewable energies in the context of the 2007-2013 period.

Study: 76 pages June 2007 PE 389.590 ISBN 978-92-823-2345-8 Available in: DE, EN, FR Summary: CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, SK, SL, SV

Gender Mainstreaming in the Use of Structural Funding Julie Pellegrin, Silvia Vignetti and Federica Givone, Centre for Industrial Studies, Ivana Fellini, Flavia Pesce, Manuela Samek Lodovici, Silvia Beltrametti and Paola Villa, Istituto per la Ricerca Sociale - IRS Gender mainstreaming is a transversal dimension of the policy programming and implementation of all Structural Funds. The study outlines to what extent the gender mainstreaming has been taken into account in the 2000-2006 Structural Funds programming. Policy fields (and phases) where progress has been made and policy fields (and phases) where progress is still slow are highlighted. Major findings show that better results are achieved upstream the policy process, rather than downstream at implementation level. Overall, much has been done to gather the necessary conditions for successful gender mainstreaming over the 2007-2013 period. However, more could be done to translate broad and specific objectives into practice and effective actions.

Study: 62 pages May 2007 PE 379.206 ISBN 978-92-823-2340-3 Available in: DE, EN, FR Annex: EN Summary: CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, SK, SL, SV

93 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

Regional Disparities and Cohesion: What Strategies for the Future Alexandre Dubois, Erik Gløersen, Kaisa Lähteenmäki -Smith and Ole Damsgaard, Nordregio, Claude Grasland, Ronan Ysebaert, Christine Zanin, Nicolas Lambert, UMS RIATE, Carsten Schürmann, RRG Spatial Planning and Geoinformation, Tomas Hanell, Eurofutures, Jérôme Gensel, Raphaël Thomas, LIG This study aims to assess the extent of regional disparities within the European Union. Using state-of-the-art scientific methodologies and tools enabling a critical analysis, it presents empirical evidence on the dynamics of regional disparities and territorial cohesion challenges. On this basis, perspectives on how to approach territorial cohesion from a statistical and a political point of view are introduced. Finally, the study puts forward a number of methods to help overcome the current shortcomings of the territorial evidence base, while providing concrete recommendations on how to improve the design, implementation and monitoring of Cohesion policy.

Study: 116 pages May 2007 PE 379.205 ISBN 978-92-823-2310-6 Available in: DE, EN, FR Summary: CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, SK, SL, SV

The Possibilities for Success of the Sustainable Communities Approach and its Implementation ERBEDU European Regional and Business and Economic Development Unit, CUDEM Centre for Urban Development and Environmental Management - Leeds Metropolitan University The context for this study is the Bristol Accord that was agreed at the European Ministerial Informal meeting in Bristol, United Kingdom, on 6th-7th December 2005. The report reviews progress across Europe, identifies a selection of case studies and suggests further work is required to elaborate the European dimension of the Sustainable Communities Agenda. This agenda is being considered in the European Parliament, by the German Presidency of the European Union at the Leipzig Summit in 2007 and in the European Commission, who are finalising the 2007-2013 Structural Funds programme. A stronger focus is required for a more coherent European programme of action if the Sustainable Communities approach is to have better chance of success across Europe’s towns and cities.

Study: 98 pages March 2007 PE 369.035 ISBN 978-92-823-2208-6 Available in: EN, FR Annex: EN Summary: CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, SK, SL, SV

94 Publications Catalogue ______

Future Enlargements and Cohesion Policy Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament Note analysing the current statistical data requested for the Own Initiative Report 'The Consequences of Future Enlargements on the Effectiveness of Cohesion Policy'. It provides theoretical projections on matters such as the allocation of funds to each potential accession country and the statistical effects on GDP per capita in EU Member States.

Note: November 2006 PE 375.325 29 pages Available in: DE, EL, EN, ES, FR, IT, PL, PT

The Impact and the Consequences of Structural Policies on the EU Ivana Katsarova, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament In the face of global competition, research and innovation have become priorities for the European economy. They are highlighted as priority areas for investments co-funded by the EU cohesion policy instruments during the 2007-13 programming period. This note explores options for combining the structural funds with other funding initiatives in order to increased synergy in the use of EU funds for research and innovation.

Note: August 2006 PE 375.313 11 pages Available in: ES, FR

The Impact of Future Enlargements on the Effectiveness of Cohesion Policy Ivana Katsarova, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note provides an overview of the current situation with regard to the stages reached in negotiations between the EU and the current or potential enlargement candidates. The note considers the following states: Croatia, Turkey, FYROM, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo and the Ukraine.

Note: July 2006 PE 375.308 15 pages Available in: DE, FR

95 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

The Synergy between EU Cohesion Policy and European Investment Bank Activities Herta Tödtling-Schönhofer, Tony Kinsella and Hannes Wimmer, ÖIR-Managementdienste GmbH, Xavier Camus, Schuman Associates This groundbreaking study seeks to identify areas where further synergies could be developed between the EIB and Commission services, particularly the Directorate General for Regional Development, REGIO. Although these institutions pursue common objectives established by the European decision-making bodies, there are clear limits to synergies, as their rationale and approaches tend to differ significantly in terms of the main characteristics of their respective instruments, implementation times, types of beneficiaries, schemes of deployment, project development and selection mechanisms. The study thus makes a series of recommendations designed to provide fresh input to future deliberations of the European Parliament.

Study: EN 117 pages July 2006 PE 363.790 ISBN 92-823-2120-7

The Impact of Trans-European Networks on Cohesion and Employment TRT Trasporti e Territorio Srl, Milan (Italy) This study highlights major aspects of trans-European networks (TENs), such as the interpretation of the relationships between the different conditions across regions, the type of investments, and the type and direction of expected impacts. It analyses the most relevant elements that should be considered to predict the impact of TEN investments on the regional economies. The results could thus be considered as a reference point for further in-depth analysis on a local scale. The final chapter contains clear recommendations destined for decision-makers regarding all major aspects of TEN-related projects.

Study: EN 179 pages June 2006 PE 363.791 ISBN 92-823-2121-5

Adaptation of Cohesion Policy to the enlarged Europe and the Lisbon and Gothenburg Objectives Marjorie Jouen, NOTRE EUROPE Faced with the challenge of enlargement and increasing regional disparities, the European Commission proposed a restructuring of cohesion policy with the aim of adapting it to current needs. The purpose of the study is, on the one hand, to identify the problems faced by cohesion policy, in the light of the financial perspectives, and on the other to assess the coherence of the proposed reforms with regard to current and future challenges and with the Lisbon and Gothenburg objectives. The last part of the study formulates recommendations for decision-makers.

Study: March 2005 PE 350.811 114 pages Available in: EN, FR Summary: CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, SK, SL, SV

96 Publications Catalogue ______

TRANSPORT AND TOURISM - TRAN

The TRAN Committee is responsible for:

1. Matters relating to the development of a common policy for rail, road, inland waterway, maritime and air transport, in particular: a. common rules applicable to transport within the European Union, b. the establishment and development of trans-European networks in the area of transport infrastructure, c. the provision of transport services and relations in the field of transport with third countries, d. transport safety, e. relations with international transport bodies and organisations; 2. Postal services; 3. Tourism.

Reducing Railway Noise Pollution Uwe Clausen, Claus Doll, Francis James Franklin, Gordana Vasic Franklin, Hilmar Heinrichmeyer, Joachim Kochsiek, Werner Rothengatter, Niklas Sieber 12 million EU inhabitants are affected by railway noise during the day and 9 million during the night. This study lists measures, funding and regulations to reduce it. The introduction of modern rolling stock will lower noise most significantly. In the short run the replacement of cast iron by composite brake blocks on rail freight cars is most important. Developing a regulation scheme for a staged process towards low-noise rolling stock is the heart of a rail noise abatement strategy.

Study: 132 pages April 2012 PE 474.533 ISBN 978-92-823-3693-9 Available in: DE, EN, FR Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EN, EL, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

State aids to EU seaports Dr. Karel Vanroye, Kees Verweij, Rikkert de Kork, Maja Koster, Dr. Holger Kramer, Gilbert Meyer, Delphine Dubreuil, Géry Deffointanes This study examines the application of the EU State Aid rules for infrastructure investments in the seaport sector and compares recent examples of State Aids for the northern and southern EU seaports against the background of various types of port organisation. The findings of the study can be used for future debates on EU port policy in the TRAN Committee.

Study: 114 pages December 2011 PE 460.079 ISBN 978-92-823-3649-6 Available in: DE, EN, FR Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EN, EL, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

97 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

Economic Aspects of Sustainable Mobility Wolfgang Schade, Werner Rothengatter This study highlights the economic aspects of sustainable mobility by analysing ten bundles of eco-innovations, i.e. instruments which positively enhance the environmental dimension of transport/mobility making the latter more sustainable. They comprise instruments of different types (e.g. regulatory, organisational) and across different modes and are described and analysed within an analytical framework which presents their economic as well as transport, environmental and market failure impact. Findings of the literature review are complemented by an online survey among practitioners, policy makers and experts.

Study: 146 pages October 2011 PE 460.064 ISBN 978-92-823-3592-5 Available in: DE, EN, FR Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EN, EL, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

The EU Regulatory Framework Applicable to Civil Aviation Security Marc Thomas, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This is a comprehensive digest of the current EU legislation on aviation security. It reminds notably of the obligations on the parties involved, the monitoring process, or the international aspects. The note also sheds light on the regime which applies to liquids on board, to the testing of body scanners or to the financing of security measures, which all give rise to recurrent significant debate.

Note: EN 18 pages June 2011 PE 460.047 N°ISBN 978-92-823-3460-7

Typology and Structure of Regulatory Bodies in the EU railway Sector Francesco Dionori, Simon Ellis, Pietro Crovato, Steer Davies Gleave This note provides a briefing on rail sector Regulatory Bodies set up by Member States in compliance with Directive 2001/14/EC. The note then discusses different models of regulation in force in the various Member States and the effect of regulation on the European railways market.

Note: 72 pages May 2011 PE 460.038 N°ISBN 978-92-823-3417-1 Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EN, EL, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

98 Publications Catalogue ______

The Impact of Separation between Infrastructure Management and Transport Operations on the EU Railway Sector Francesco Dionori, Dick Dunmore, Simon Ellis, Pietro Crovato, Steer Davies Gleave This note reviews the experience of vertical separation in the European railway sector. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of vertical separation as well as its economic, operational, safety and user impacts. Different approaches to vertical separation have produced different results, some having a substantial positive impact in terms of the competitive development of the railways, but others less so. This note sets out the results of a comparative analysis, drawing on a range of source material.

Note: 70 pages May 2011 PE 460.039 ISBN 978-92-823-3412-6 Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT

Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EN, EL, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

Consumer Rights in Civil Aviation Giorgia Aresu, Diego Artuso, Pietro Crovato, PricewaterhouseCoopers Advisory SpA This study provides a general overview of the implementation of the EU legislation on air passenger rights. After a brief presentation of the relevant legal framework, the study reports on the outcome of a consultation of National Enforcement Bodies and consumer associations from the most relevant EU Member States on the implementation of Regulations 261/2004, 2111/2005, 1107/2006 and Directive 90/314 EEC. The aim is to identify the scope for further action from the EU institutions to enhance the protection of consumer rights in civil aviation.

Study: 114 pages November 2010 PE 438.621 ISBN 978-92-823-3354-9 Available in: DE, EN, FR

Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EN, EL, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

99 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

Occurrence Reporting and Accident/Incident Investigation in EU Civil Aviation Suk Rathore and Sue Cox Independent investigation of accidents/incidents and occurrence reporting is essential in the drive to improve aviation safety. This study will assist the European Parliament in reviewing current EU policy for greater efficiency in civil aviation accident investigation. This is being addressed under a proposal for a new regulation which is an essential element of this study in assessing the existing problems and shortcomings in the investigation and prevention of accidents and incidents in civil aviation. Accident investigation and occurrence reporting in EU aviation are currently regulated separately under EC law. A concise overview of the current European legal framework of accident/incident investigation in EU aviation, in the context of Directive 94/56/EC, has been provided. The legal framework has been contrasted with its practical implementation within EU aviation. Beyond accident investigation, the crucial element of occurrence reporting has also been analysed and assessed against its legal provisions within Directive 2003/42/EC.

Study: 170 pages September 2010 PE 438.605 ISBN 978-92-823-3352-5 Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, NL, PL

Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EN, EL, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

Sustainable Urban Transport Plans Silvia Maffii, Angelo Martino, Alessio Sitran and Paola Raganato, Trasporti e Territorio-TRT This note provides an overview of the concept of Sustainable Urban Transport Plans (SUTPs) by tying its analysis to the relationship between sustainability and urban mobility. The note presents some key SUTPs experiences in selected European cities, and discusses the role of the European Union in this field.

Note: 64 pages April 2010 PE 431.594 ISBN 978-92-823-3197-2 Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, NL, PL

The Promotion of Cycling Angelo Martino, Silvia Maffii and Paola Raganato, Trasporti e Territorio-TRT The present note aims to give an overview of the cycling problems and challenges by describing the policies of European cities to promote cycling. It presents a collection of best practices regarding road infrastructures and parking facilities, cyclists’ safety and security, and intermodality. It concludes by providing recommendations concerning the EU and local authorities.

Note: 74 pages April 2010 PE 431.592 ISBN 978-92-823-3195-8 Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, NL, PL

100 Publications Catalogue ______

The Future of Transport in Urban Areas Professor Francesc Robusté, Centre for Innovation in Transport, CENIT, UPC - Barcelona Tech, Technical University of Catalonia Urban mobility is analysed with a systems approach and from the point of view of functionality and service. The concepts and modes that are likely to predominate in 2050 are presented. Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come from the re-engineering of old concepts with the help of ICT: success or failure of implementation will depend on a package of ‘soft’ management measures that involve understanding stakeholder behaviour and managing the system in an integrated, efficient and dynamic (real-time) way, rather than on ‘hard’ physical infrastructure or new vehicles. New energy sources for vehicles are tactical changes; however, the physical or functional aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a certain speed will remain. The issues covered by this note were presented and discussed at the workshop on ‘The Future of Transport’ held at the European Parliament on 2 December 2009. Note: 42 pages November 2009 PE 431.580 ISBN 978-92-823-3149-1 Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, NL, PL

The Impact of Overtaking Bans for Heavy Goods Vehicles on Two-Lane Highways, on Traffic Flows and Routes of Transport Ewan Hardman, Ben Morris, Peter Owlett and Tim Rees, TRL Limited Delays on 2-lane divided highways can be caused by HGVs overtaking each other. This Note presents details of the research carried out and schemes introduced in EU countries to ban HGV overtaking movements. A cost benefit analysis concludes that annual benefits of up to 1500 million euro could be realised by introducing such schemes at optimal locations.

Note: 42 pages March 2010 PE 431.607 ISBN 978-92-823-3202-3 Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, NL, RO

Logistics as an Instrument for Tackling Climate Change Silvia Maffii, Enrico Pastori, Giuseppe Galli and Alessandra Moizo, Trasporti e Territorio-TRT This study explores how logistics activities may be able to improve the way climate change is being tackled. Analysis of the most relevant measures to achieve ‘green logistics’, focusing on the essential related best practices, makes it possible to identify the most promising actions, to be developed by the European institutions and the private sector, to meet the challenge of reducing GHG emissions.

Study: 108 pages January 2010 PE 431.585 ISBN 978-92-823-3118-7 Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, NL, PL

Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EN, EL, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

101 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

The Future of the EU's Transport Infrastructure Professor Mihaela Popa This note covers issues that were presented and discussed at a workshop on 'The Future of Transport' held in the European Parliament on 2 December 2009. The briefing note takes into consideration the role of transport infrastructure in EU policy consolidation in order to achieve the EU’s overall sustainable development objectives: the EU’s economic competitiveness, territorial cohesion, good governance and well-being of society. The vision of the EU’s future transport infrastructure is based on four development scenarios. A set of features of transport infrastructure at the 2050 horizon and the risks inherent in the nature of major transport infrastructure projects are discussed.

Note: EN 48 pages January 2010 PE 431.590 ISBN 978-92-823-3148-4

Transport and Globalization KTI Közlekedéstudományi Intézet Nonprofit Kft. In this note we give information about the globalisation processes that have taken place in the world economy and world trade, and examine their effects on goods transport. We propose the wider-scope application of ex-transport solutions, in order to moderate the level of environmental load. In the field of passenger transport, the long-term expected decrease and ageing of the population may play a role. It is worth examining in what ways the above factors modify the volumes and habits of passenger transport and the traditional structure of towns, and to what extent the tools of mobility management can be applied. The issues covered by this note were presented and discussed in the framework of a workshop on 'The Future of Transport' held in the European Parliament on 2 December 2009.

Note: EN 34 pages January 2010 PE 431.589 ISBN 978-92-823-3147-7

The Future of Sustainable Passenger Transport Erling Holden, Sogn and Fjordane University College, and Kristin Linnerud, Center for International Climate and Environmental Research - Cicero The reflections made in the Commission communication ‘A Sustainable Future for Transport’ are clearly based on knowledge of cutting-edge research. Major issues are presented and reflected upon. However, we would like to add the following issues, all being intensively discussed in the research community: the need for policies and practices to reduce the growth in travel, the need for policies and practices to address fastgrowing leisure-time travel, the need to consider public acceptance of policies and practices. This note covers issues that were presented and discussed in a workshop on 'The Future of Transport' held in the European Parliament on 2 December 2009.

Note: 48 pages January 2010 PE 431.579 ISBN 978-92-823-3140-8 Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, NL, PL

102 Publications Catalogue ______

The Future of Sustainable Freight Transport and Logistics Anthony Whiteing, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds This note reviews recent trends in EU freight transport and evaluates the current EU approach to the development of a sustainable freight transport system. It then considers the likely impact of existing and potential initiatives to promote sustainability. For various reasons it will be more difficult to achieve sustainability for freight than for personal transport. Existing technologies and policies will only go part-way towards a full solution and new more radical initiatives will be required in the future. The issues covered by this note were presented and discussed in the framework of the workshop on 'The Future of Transport' held in the European Parliament on 2 December 2009.

Note: 36 pages January 2010 PE 431.578 ISBN 978-92-823-3141-5 Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, NL, PL

The Future of Mobility in the EU Jutta Deffner and Konrad Götz, Institute for Social-Ecological Research Frankfurt am Main This briefing note examines the current debate on the future of mobility and traffic policy in Europe. It picks up on trends and challenges such as social differentiation, demographic change and cultural aspects, and looks at their significance for mobility and traffic from a socio-ecological perspective. In a second stage, current papers on the further development of traffic policies are critically examined. The final section looks at what a sustainable mobility culture might look like in a society that is taking on an ever more differentiated and pluralistic form, focusing on the aspect of multi-optional transport products. The issues covered by this note were presented and discussed in the framework of a workshop on 'The Future of Transport' held in the European Parliament on 2 December 2009.

Note: 44 pages January 2010 PE 431.581 ISBN 978-92-823-3139-2 Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, NL, PL

The Impact of the Economic Crisis on the EU Air Transport Sector Rosário Macário, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal, Eddy Van de Voorde, University of Antwerp This briefing note intends to provide background information concerning a number of crucial aspects explaining the impact of the economic crisis on the EU air transport sector. Firstly, the current impact of the economic crisis in terms of freight and passenger transport is analysed, by using a set of key indicators. Secondly, some possible scenarios for the mid-term development of the air transport sector in relation to possible developments of the general economic situation are described. Finally, some recommendations for EU policymakers are made.

Note: 44 pages December 2009 PE 431.570 ISBN 978-92-823-3146-0 Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, NL, PL

103 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

Mobility Management Silvia Maffii, Angelo Martino, Alessio Sitran and Maurizia Giglio, Trasporti e Territorio-TRT This note aims to provide an analysis of the concept of Mobility Management, an important instrument for dealing with urban traffic and congestion problems. It focuses on three main types of soft measure – car sharing, car pooling and travel plans – and presents some key experiences in selected European cities. It concludes by providing recommendations concerning the role of the EU and local authorities.

Note: 72 pages November 2009 PE 431.593 ISBN 978-92-823-3196-5 Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, NL, PL

Social and Working Conditions in the Transport Sector of the European Union Giorgia Aresu, Diego Artuso, Elisabetta Martone, Micaela Celio, Claudio Ricciolio, Prof. Patrizia Ordine This study provides an overview of social and working conditions in five main transport sectors: road, railways, air, maritime and inland waterways. After a brief presentation of the economic, social and legislative framework for each sector, the study addresses specific issues such as wages and wage/pension schemes, working time, social dialogue etc. for each sector. The study then highlights the main problems/challenges for each sector and makes recommendations for further studies and legislation/political discussion at EU level.

Study: EN 204 pages

October 2009 PE 419.122

The Road Safety Performance of Commercial Light Goods Vehicles Iain Knight, Tanja Robinson, Mike Neale and Wesley Hulshof, TRL Limited This report describes the collation and analysis of a wide range of disparate European data on the safety of light goods vehicles (LGVs – goods vehicles with a maximum mass not exceeding 3.5 tonnes). It includes data on regulations, new registrations, stock, traffic, freight performance, business sectors, accidents and casualties. It identifies the trends in both the LGV market and safety performance and identifies areas that could be a priority for safety interventions.

Study: 170 pages October 2009 PE 419.118 ISBN 978-92-823-2968-9 Available in: DE, EN, FR, NL

Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EN, EL, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

104 Publications Catalogue ______

The Evolving Role of EU Seaports in Global Maritime Logistics - Capacities, Challenges and Strategies Karel Vanroye and Bart van Mol, Buck Consultants International, with the support of Catram Consultants and Institute of Shipping Economics and Logistics - ISL The market environment for seaborne trade has changed considerably within the last 15 years. Globalisation, offshoring and the unprecedented growth of containerisation have led to changes in maritime transport and logistics chains. The worldwide economic downturn of 2008–2009 has also had an impact on the ports and maritime sectors. Most ports and shipowners have experienced decreasing freight volumes or throughputs. This study aims to explain the impact of these developments on seaports and to formulate recommendations for the European Parliament.

Study: 106 pages October 2009 PE 419.121 ISBN 978-2-823-3013-5 Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, NL, PL

Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EN, EL, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

The Shortage of Qualified Personnel in Maritime and Inland Waterway Transport Karel Vanroye and Bart Van Mol, Buck Consultants International According to the social partners, other stakeholders and recent studies, the shortage of qualified personnel in maritime and inland waterway transport is posing problems. This study aims to provide background information on the causes and impact of this shortage.

Study: 84 pages June 2009 PE 419.096 ISBN 978-92-823-2781-4 Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, NL

Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EN, EL, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

Shortage of Qualified Personnel in Road Freight Transport Manuela Samek Lodovici, Enrico Pastori, Caterina Corrias, Alessio Sitran, Cristina Tajani, Nicoletta Torchio and Andrea Appetecchia The study provides a concise overview of the road freight transport sector, in the light of the structural issue of qualified driver shortage. In particular, this study analyses the multiplicity of factors affecting labour supply and demand, by taking into due consideration also the impacts of the current EU legislation and the effects of the present economic downturn.

Study: 198 pages May 2009 PE 419.101 ISBN 978-92-823-2863-7 Available in: DE, EN, FR, NL

Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EN, EL, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

105 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

The European Cycle Route Network Eurovelo Les Lumsdon, Richard Weston, Peter McGrath and Nick Davies, Institute of Transport and Tourism, University of Central Lancashire, Paul Peeters, Eke Eijgelaar and Pieter Piket, Centre for Sustainable Transport and Tourism, Breda University This study evaluates the challenges and opportunities of developing a cycle tourism network across Europe. It focuses on EuroVelo, a network of 12 long-distance routes managed by the European Cyclists’ Federation, which is being developed in different countries by a wide range of partners. The study reviews the market for cycle tourism in Europe and presents a EuroVelo demand modal. It reviews the carriage of cycles on trains. Finally, it evaluates the potential of the Iron Curtain Trail.

Study: 144 pages April 2009 PE 419.088 ISBN 978-92-823-2859-0 Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, NL, PL

Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EN, EL, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

Practical Guide - Transport and Tourism Nils Danklefsen and Piero Soave, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This practical guide provides an overview of the legal background to the respective policy, of its achievements during the 6th term and of the challenges that still remain to be tackled. Additionally, it contains concise information about the activities of Policy Department B and of the services it can provide.

Guide: 52 pages April 2009 PE 419.089 ISBN 978-92-823-2832-3 Available in: BG, CS, DA, DE, EN, EL, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

The Impact of Oil Price Fluctuations on Transport and its Related Sectors Angelo Martino, Giuseppe Casamassima, Davide Fiorello, Trasporti e Territorio-TRT This study looks at the ways in which the transport of goods is influenced by significant variations in oil prices and focuses on carriers’ responses in the various transport sectors. It investigates the relations between oil prices and the transport sector, by taking into account the evidence of the impact of recent price hikes on transport businesses and their response. Indeed, the spike in oil prices in the first half of 2008 has been taken as an opportunity to carry out an evidence-based analysis of the transport sectors’ reactions.

Study: 98 pages March 2009 PE 419.084 ISBN 978-92-823-2755-5 Available in: DE, EN, FR, IT

Summary: BG, CS, DA, DE, EN, EL, ES, ET, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

106 Publications Catalogue ______

The Calculation of External Costs in the Transport Sector - A Comparative Analysis of Recent Studies in the Light of the Commission's "Greening Transport Package" Angelo Martino, Silvia Maffii, Alessio Sitran and Maurizia Giglio, Trasporti e Territorio-TRT The internalisation of external costs in the transport sector is one of the most challenging issues that European Transport Policy will have to deal with in the coming years. The study provides a concise overview of the most important and most recent studies on external costs, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the various approaches, and analysing the current works of the Commission Directorate for Transport: the IMPACT Handbook on estimation of external costs in the transport sector and the Greening Transport Package.

Study: 124 pages February 2009 PE 408.958 ISBN 978-92-823-2751-7 Available in: DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Eurovignette III: Recent Development and Medium-Term Policy Options Markus Mailbach, INFRAS This briefing note deals with the proposed EU directive amending Directive 1999/62 and introducing charges for external costs for heavy goods vehicles (HGVs). In a first step the Commission’s proposal is compared to the conclusions of the Handbook on the estimation of external costs in the transport sector. In a second step the most controversial issues are discussed, such as the choice of external cost components, the treatment of congestion costs, the treatment of caps, network application and the use of revenues. Finally, some medium-term perspectives and policy options are provided.

Note: December 2008 PE 408.965 21 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR, IT, NL, PL, PT

Enforcement of the EU Legislation on Road Freight Transport: Controls and

Sanctions Related to Compliance with Road Safety Provisions Claudio Ricciolio, Giorgia Aresu and Carolina Furgiuele, PricewaterhouseCoopers Advisory Srl The aim of the study is to provide an assessment of the quality, quantity and effectiveness of controls and sanctions in all the Member States of the European Union related to compliance with road safety provisions. The study describes enforcement and status of implementation and highlights best and worst practices in the Member States. An overview of the current legal framework is also provided.

Study: 148 pages October 2008 PE 408.953 ISBN 978-92-823-2622-0 Available in: DE, EN, FR

107 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

Pricing Systems for Road Freight Transport in EU Member States and Switzerland Angelo Martino, Silvia Maffii, Elisa Boscherini and Maurizia Giglio, Trasporti e Territorio-TRT The aim of this study is to provide an in-depth analysis of the existing charging system for heavy goods vehicles (HGV) in the European Union and in Switzerland. This study therefore, presents an overall picture of the current schemes in operation and their impacts, in light of the proposed development of the "Eurovignette" directive, the debate on climate change and the expected growth in road freight transport.

Study: 92 pages July 2008 PE 408.929 ISBN 978-92-823-2597-1 Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, NL, PL

The Evolving Role of EU Seaports in Global Maritime Logistics – Capacities, Challenges and Strategies Karel Vanroye and Bart Van Mol, Buck Consultants International The market environment for seaborne trade has changed considerably within the last 15 years. Globalisation, off-shoring and the unprecedented growth of containerisation have led to changes in maritime transport and logistics chains. This study aims at explaining the impact of these developments on seaports and at formulating recommendations for the European Parliament.

Study: 88 pages May 2008 PE 405.393 ISBN 978-92-823-2593-3 Available in: DE, EN, FR, IT

European Ports Policy and Current International Maritime Developments Karel Vanroye, Bart van Mol, Buck Consultants International, Holger Kramer, ISL, Gilbert Meyer, Catram Consultants The widening of the Panama Canal, on which works commenced in September 2007, as well as the steady growth of India and China have a significant impact on certain European ports in view of competitiveness, organisation and capacity. The impact will be analysed in this note.

Note: May 2008 PE 405.394 37 pages Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT

108 Publications Catalogue ______

The Revision of the Code of Conduct for Computerised Reservation Systems (CRS) Mario Sebastiani, Giorgia Aresu, Claudio Ricciolio and Emiliano Lunadei, PricewaterhouseCoopers Advisory Srl This briefing note examines the issues arising from the proposed new Code of Conduct for Computerised Reservation Systems. Particular attention is given to competition impact among market players (and issues related to parent carriers), MIDT travel agents information withdrawal, third country violations, and possible safeguards.

Note: EN May 2008 PE 397.257 53 pages

The 'Open Skies' Agreement between the EU and the USA Piero Soave, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This briefing (which is intended for Parliament's Delegation for Relations with the USA when it attends the 60th EP-US meeting at Ljubljana on 24-26 May 2008) highlights the key points and the advantages of the EU-USA agreement which was signed in Washington on 30 April 2007. That agreement - which has very recently come into effect - should enable an airspace without borders to be established between the Parties on either side of the Atlantic. Note: May 2008 PE 405.391 12 pages Available in: EN, FR

The Extension of the Major Trans-European Transport Axes to the Western Balkans Silvia Maffii, Angelo Martino and Giovanni Panza, Trasporti e Territorio-TRT The briefing note provides the Committee on Transport and Tourism with an overview of the main facts and challenges arising from the extension of the TEN-T to the Western Balkans, as particular attention is given to this theme by the Slovenia’s Presidency during the first half of 2008.

Note: EN May 2008 PE 405.383 38 pages

The New Regulation on Driving and Rest Times: the Impact of the Abolition of the 12-Day Derogation for Buses PricewaterhouseCoopers Advisory Srl This study concerns the introduction of Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on driving and rest times for road transport. In particular, it provides an impact assessment with regard to the abolition of the 12-day derogation in the international transport of passengers by road, especially in relation to economic, social and safety effects. The study draws and summarises conclusions and provides recommendations where there is evidence of significant negative effects.

Study: EN 144 pages April 2008 PE 405.378 ISBN 978-92-823-2604-6

109 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

Update on the Costs of The Ten-T Priority Projects Giorgia Aresu, Paolo Guglielminetti and Carolina Furgiuele, PricewaterhouseCoopers Advisory Srl The aim of the note is to provide an update on the costs for each of the 30 Priority Projects of the TEN-T. It contains an explanation of the methodology used to gather data included in the annexed file. An overview of TEN-T Priority Projects including key facts and recommendations destined for decision-makers is also provided.

Note: EN March 2008 PE 397.252 60 pages

The Consequences of the Growing European Low-Cost Airline Sector CESUR, Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon; Department of Transport and Regional Economics - TPR, University of Antwerp The study provides an analysis of the impact of the changes in air transport market as a consequence of the emergence of low fares airlines. Evidence proves that this development has had a significant impact on established airlines, the main airports, and also on intra- and intermodal competition, European tourism, passenger flows and regional development.

Study: 76 pages December 2007 PE 397.234 N°ISBN 978-92-823-2437-0 Available in: DE, EN, FR Summary: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, NL, PL, PT

New Financial Instruments for European Transport Infrastructure and Services. TEN-Budget, Loans, Loan Guarantee Fund, PPP: How Shall They Be Applied and Combined to Achieve an Optimal Result? Marcel van den Broek, Nienke Uil and Piet de Boer, ECORYS Nederland BV The study examines various types of additional innovative financing instruments available which could complement the current EU grant financing of TEN-T. It aims to design a financial framework that meets the requirements for developing such a huge investment program. It identifies the key financial instruments that can be used for funding the investments and assesses their usefulness and relevance. The document is to include a short description and an assessment of the pros and cons as well as of the potential leverage of the different financial instruments which might act as catalysts for public and private investors.

Study: October 2007 PE 379.207 73 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

110 Publications Catalogue ______

The Fragmentation of EU Tourism Policy Mara Manente, Sabrina Meneghello, Valeria Minghetti and Federica Montaguti, CISET WORKING GROUP The note gives an overview of the existing fragmentation of EU tourism policy, in particular as regards the proposals relevant to tourism which different Commissioners have submitted during the last three years (2005-2007). Furthermore, the note analyses whether the different EU policy initiatives affecting tourism are in line with a coherent EU tourism approach or hamper a sustainable and competitive development of tourism. Finally, some recommendations are given in order to improve the current situation.

Note: EN October 2007 PE 389.603 63 pages

Tourism and Immigration Policy in the EU Claude Origet du Cluzeau and Gérard Savoye, C.O.C. Conseil This note provides an overview of the relation between tourism and immigration policy in the EU. It outlines the main impacts of the Schengen framework and the European immigration policies on tourism and its various sectors. In four annexes, the focus has been placed on 4 countries receiving over 10 M international tourists every year (France, Poland, Spain, and United Kingdom).

Note: EN September 2007 PE 379.232 48 pages

Energy and Environmental Aspects of the Transport Policy Patrizia Malgieri, Silvia Maffii and Elisa Boscherini, Trasporti e Territorio-TRT The aim of this study is to identify economic and politically feasible measures able to significantly enhance energy efficiency and to reduce negative impacts of transport activities. The study is based on an in-depth literature review of recent statistics, studies, notes etc. focusing on the analysis of the different impacts as well as the consequences of the emissions caused by different modes of transport and the suggested recommendations on how to tackle the related problems. It allowes to identify the most promising and cost efficient short, medium and long term measures with particular attention to the energy and new technology developments.

Study: September 2007 PE 389.598 158 pages Available in: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT

111 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

Organised theft of commercial vehicles and their loads in the European Union A.W. van den Engel, E. Prummel, NEA Transport research and training This study analyses the problems, developments and implications of organised theft of commercial vehicles and their loads in the EU. It gives an overview of the volume, nature and yearly damage of this form of organised theft. Furthermore, it analyses how the problem is tackled in the Member States and on the EU level. The final chapter contains recommendations on how European and national policy should deal with organised theft in the road transport sector in the future.

Study: EN July 2007 PE 379.229 108 pages

Marine Pollution- The Impact of Maritime Transport Compared to the Impact of Land Based Activities TRT Trasporti e Territorio Srl The aim of this note is to compare two sources of European marine pollution, maritime transport and land-based activities, and to provide recommendations on the most promising measures aimed at reducing their impact.

Note: EN June 2007 PE 379.228 32 pages

The Exchange Rates of the Euro vs Other Main Currencies and Their Impact on EU Tourism Kevin Millington, Acorn Consulting Partnership Ltd This note examines the exchange rate changes between the Euro and five other key currencies: the US dollar, the Japanese yen, the Chinese yuan, the Russian rouble, and the British pound. It is analysed if exchange rates have had a measurable impact on the flow of tourists from each of the five key currency counties to Europe (in particular the Eurozone).

Note: EN June 2007 PE 379.231 33 pages

External Costs of Maritime Transport Silvia Maffii, Andrea Molocchi and Cosimo Chiffi, Trasporti e Territorio-TRT This note assesses the total and specific external costs of maritime transport. Three main external factors are analysed: marine pollution (discharges into the sea); air quality (atmospheric emissions) and climate change (greenhouse gases). In addition, physical impacts are quantified for a second group of factors for which monetary values are not available: resources consumption; solid (garbage) and liquid (sludge) waste. Illegal discharges are also assessed in this briefing paper. The final chapter contains recommendations regarding cost-efficient and promising measures to reduce/internalise the external costs of maritime transport.

Note: June 2007 PE 379.227 55 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR

112 Publications Catalogue ______

Standardisation and Quality Labels for EU Tourist Services Oliver Bennett, Monique de Greeve and Chrystel Cancel, Emerging Markets Group (EMG) Ltd. This note provides an overview of existing quality standards and labels within the EU, with an assessment of the potential for European wide schemes. The focus is on accommodation and on quality labels for hotels, but other elements of tourism are also discussed.

Note: May 2007 PE 379.230 27 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR, IT

Interoperability of the Community Railway System I - Revision of the EC Rules, Better Regulation and Simplification, Implications to the EC Safety Rules and ERA Trasporti e Territorio-TRT This note provides an overview of the EU regulatory framework under the objective of better regulation and simplification. It dwells on the implications to the proposed directive on safety of the community's railways and regulation of the European Railway Agency.

Note: EN April 2007 PE 379.223 19 pages

Interoperability of the Community Railway System II - Obstacles and Solutions in View of the Revision of the EC Rules Implications of their Possible Extension Trasporti e Territorio-TRT This note examines the obstacles and solutions in view of the revision of the EU regulatory framework and assesses the implications on the possible extension of the interoperability railway system.

Note: EN April 2007 PE 379.224 26 pages

Financial aspects of the proposal on the liability for carriers of passengers by sea and inland waterways Prof Erik Røsæg, Scandinavian Institute of Maritime Law, University of Oslo The Commission proposal (COM (2005) 592) aims at incorporating the Athens Convention directly into EC law and adds some adaptations to it, in particular on its scope of implementation. The briefing paper seeks to evaluate the financial impact of this proposal since the Athens Convention significantly raises the level of liability for ship owners in case of shipping accidents.

Note: EN Ocotber 2006 PE 379.210 40 pages

113 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

La portée au plan juridique et économique de la proposition de directive relative à la responsabilité civile et aux garanties financières des propriétaires de navires M. Emmanuel Fontaine, Gide Loyrette Nouel, Paris Cette note a été demandée dans le cadre de l'élaboration du rapport du Parlement sur la Proposition de Directive sur la responsabilité civile et les garanties financières des propriétaires de navires. Après un examen critique des dispositions proposées par la Commission, la note détaille les conditions actuelles de responsabilité des propriétaires de navires. La note évalue également l'opportunité de revenir sur les conditions de limitation de la responsabilité afin de répondre aux nécessités d'une juste indemnisation des victimes de dommages maritimes. Elle examine par ailleurs les avantages et les inconvénients de règles régionales européennes en la matière par opposition aux conventions internationales de l'OMI. Enfin, la note examine les différents concepts de faute de nature à engager la responsabilité des propriétaires de navires et leur conséquences par rapport à la mise en oeuvre des mécanismes de garantie et d'action directe auprès du garant.

Note: FR October 2006 PE 379.209 28 pages

Women and Transport J. Turner and K. Hamilton, The University of East London, M. Spitzner, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy This report studies the nature of the gender imbalance in the transport sector across the newly enlarged Europe. It highlights the nature of travel differences between men and women as transport users and consumers and the implications this has for the planning, operations and management of the transport system. It examines the challenges faced by institutions within the transport sector to mainstream gender equality. It also highlights the male-domination of employment within all areas of the transport labour force and the few examples of good practice that are trying to overcome women's under-representation in this industry. The report sets out the criteria for a European transport system with gender equality at its core and puts forward a series of concrete actions appropriate to start on that journey.

Study: EN June 2006 PE 375.316 91 pages

114 Publications Catalogue ______

The Impact of TENs on Cohesion and Employment Trasporti e Territorio-TRT This study highlights major aspects of trans-European networks (TENs), such as the interpretation of the relationships between the different conditions across regions, the type of investments, and the type and direction of expected impacts. It analyses the most relevant elements that should be considered to predict the impact of TEN investments on the regional economies. The results could thus be considered as a reference point for further in-depth analysis on a local scale. The final chapter contains clear recommendations destined for decision-makers regarding all major aspects of TEN-related projects.

Study: EN 158 pages Summary: EN June 2006 PE 363.791 ISBN 92-823-2121-5

Tourism and Enlargement: Perspectives for a Sustainable Development in the New Member States Ramboll Management and Ecotrans This report aims to provide, in the most effective and coherent manner, the decision support information enabling the transfer of know-how and experience to the New Member States. It recommends a series of policy and programme options, which will be useful in promoting a sustainable tourism process addressing the current needs of the New Member States.

Study: EN Summary: DE EN FR PL PT SV September 2005 PE 361.216 64 pages

115 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

116 Publications Catalogue ______

HORIZONTAL ISSUES

Structural and Cohesion Policies for 2020: Tools to overcome the crisis Marc Thomas (Transport), Albert Massot Marti (Agriculture), Ana Maria Nogueira (Culture), Irina Popescu (Fisheries), Esther Kramer (Regional Development), Piero Soave (Transport), Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note illustrates the crucial contribution of structural and cohesion policies to the "Europe 2020" strategy. It also highlights the role that the Parliament could play in strengthening these policies, which are all subject to the ordinary legislative procedure and will all undergo a far-reaching reform by 2014.

Note: 78 pages November 2011 PE 460.074 ISBN 978-92-823-3668-7 Available in: DE, EN, FR

Structural and Cohesion Policies and the Fight against Poverty Felice Adinolfi (Common Agricultural Policy), Jésus Iborra Martín (Common Fisheries Policy), Gonçalo Macedo (Education, Culture and Youth) and Kathrin Maria Rudolf (Regional Policy and Transport Policy), Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note examines what role, if any, the EU's 'structural policies' play in fighting poverty and social exclusion. The latter include regional policy, the Common Agricultural Policy, the Common Fisheries Policy, the Common Transport Policy and education/culture policies. It also analyses these policies and sectors against the background of the economic and financial crisis.

Note: January 2011 PE 438.623 57 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR

Structural and Cohesion Policies Following the Treaty of Lisbon Albert Massot Marti (Agriculture), Nils Danklefsen (Transport), Esther Kramer (Regional Development), Gonçalo Macedo (Culture) and Ana Maria Nogueira (Culture), Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament The Treaty of Lisbon clearly has major consequences for structural and cohesion policies. This study assesses the changes made to those policies falling under the responsibility of Directorate B of the European Parliament’s Directorate- General for Internal Policies (institutional, procedural and financial changes, and also substantive changes to the legal bases).

Study: 63 pages February 2010 PE 431.591 ISBN 978-92-823-3150-7

Available in: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FR, FI, HU, IT, LT, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

117 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

The Challenge of Climate Change for Structural and Cohesion Policies Albert Massot Marti (Agriculture), Jesús Iborra Martin (Fisheries), Gonçalo Macedo (Culture), Nils Danklefsen (Transport) and Ivana Katsarova (Regional Development), Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament The present note deals with the role played by Structural and Cohesion Policies, namely Agriculture, Fisheries, Culture, Transport and Regional Policies in the fight against climate change. The note aims at providing an overview of the problems, challenges, and policy options in these sectors.

Note: April 2009 PE 405.382 42 pages

Available in: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, ET, EN, FR, IT, LT, LV, HU, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, FI, SV

Issues where Parliament Made a Difference in Structural and Cohesion Policies Jacqueline Brown (Regional Development), Nils Danklefsen (Transport), Jesús Iborra Martin (Fisheries), Constanze Itzel (Culture), Ivana Katsarova (Regional Development) and Albert Massot Marti (Agriculture), Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note provides information on issues where the European Parliament has played an important role in the current legislature, starting in 2004. It is structured following a committee-by-committee approach and covers the fields of transport, regional development, agriculture, fisheries, and culture and education.

Note: January 2009 PE 408.967 78 pages

Available in: BG, ES, CS, DA, DE, EL, ET, EN, FR, IT, LV, LT, HU, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, FI, SV

Europe 2009-2019: The Future of Structural and Cohesion Policies Beatriz Oliveria-Goumas, Albert Massot Marti (Agriculture), Gonçalo Macedo (Culture), Jesús Iborra Martin (Fisheries), Ivana Katsarova (Regional Development), Nils Danklefsen (Transport) and Piero Soave (Tourisme), Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This note presents a series of forward-looking analyses of structural and cohesion policies for the next two parliamentary terms (2009-2019).

Note: June 2008 PE 419.098 80 pages Available in: DE, EN, FR

118 Publications Catalogue ______

The Reform Treaty and its Impact on Structural and Cohesion Policy: a Step Forward for the European Parliament Ivana Katsarova, Regional Development, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament This paper retraces the path towards a new treaty and examines its impact on structural and cohesion policy. It is also based on responses and contributions from the main players, the European institutions and representatives of civil society – Parliament, the Commission, the European Central Bank, the Committee of the Regions and the European Trade Union Confederation, to name but a few. It concludes with a review of the ways in which the treaty will be ratified once the final text has been adopted.

Note: October 2007 PE 397.235 36 pages

Available in: BG, CS, DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, ET, FR, FI, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SV

Energy and Structural and Cohesion Policies Eva Casalprim-Calvés and Ivana Katsarova, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament The energy scenario surrounding structural and cohesion policies is complex and requires the taking advantage of synergies between different policies in order to make European energy policy more efficient and competitive overall, whilst ensuring that supply is secure. Given the repercussions of the increase in fuel costs, many policies including agricultural, transport, fisheries and regional policy are directly affected. This document seeks to examine the implications, challenges and proposals that affect structural and cohesion policies in the context of current energy policy.

Note: June 2006 PE 369.036 35 pages

119 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ______

The Constitutional Treaty and Structural and Cohesion Policies Ivana Katsarova, (Regional Development), Albert Massot Marti (Agriculture), Artemissia Kefalopoulo (Culture), Isaac Gonzalez Garcia (Regional Development), Michael Topping (Fisheries), Jean Préat (Transport) and Ute Kassnitz (Transport), Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament The Constitutional Treaty has significantly altered the provisions relating to the structural and cohesion policies. Five areas are analysed in greater detail in this note: agriculture, culture, regional development, fisheries and transport and tourism. Following the failures of the referendums on the Constitutional Treaty in France and the Netherlands, Europe is once more facing a period of anxiety, torment and questions. In this context, various initiatives have been launched in the institutions to revitalise the project on ‘The future of Europe’. ‘Plan D’, proposed by the European Commission, thus seeks to inject more democracy into the European Union, to encourage a broad public debate and to achieve a new consensus on the future direction of the EU. The European Parliament, for its part, has adopted the report on ‘The period of reflection: the structure, subjects and context for an assessment of the debate on the European Union’. The Members of the European Parliament wanted to ensure that the new debate produced tangible results and called for the period of reflection to be extended. One of the concrete proposals in this report, concerning the convening of a Parliamentary Forum in spring 2006, came to fruition on 8 May. The objective of the parliamentarians, both national and European, was to make comprehensive recommendations to the European Council. On 10 May 2006 the Commission adopted two communications: one is entitled ‘A citizens’ agenda – Delivering results for Europe’, in which it reiterates, in particular, its aim to achieve a ‘Europe of results’ that truly meets the citizens’ needs and wishes; the other is entitled ‘The period of reflection and Plan D’, in which it draws the initial conclusions from the experience gained since the launch of the period of reflection in June 2005 and the presentation of ‘Plan D’ in October 2005. In its latest motion for a resolution on the next steps for the period of reflection, the Committee on Constitutional Affairs of the European Parliament calls, inter alia, on the European Council to invite France and the Netherlands to look at ways of resuming the ratification procedure.

Note: May 2006 PE 369.037 30 pages

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Directorate-General FOR Internal Policies POLICY DEPARTMENT Directorate-General FOR Internal Policies STRUCTURAL AND COHESION POLICIES B

POLICY DEPARTMENT STRUCTURAL AND COHESION POLICIES B

Role The Policy Departments are research units that provide specialised advice to committees, inter-parliamentary delegations and other parliamentary bodies. Publications

Policy Areas Agriculture and Rural Development Catalogue Culture and Education Fisheries Regional Development Transport and Tourism Agriculture and Rural Development

Documents Culture and Education Visit the European Parliament website: http://www.europarl.europa.eu Fisheries

Regional Development Publications Transport and Tourism Catalogue

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