DOCSLIB.ORG

Cluster Analysis and Visualization for the Legend of the Condor Heroes Based on Social Network

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cluster Analysis and Visualization for the Legend of the Condor Heroes Based on Social Network Hindawi Scientific Programming Volume 2021, Article ID 9439583, 10 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9439583 Research Article Cluster Analysis and Visualization for the Legend of the Condor Heroes Based on Social Network Chao Fan ,1,2 Zhihui Yang,1,2 and Yuyi Yuan1,2 1 e School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China 2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Media Design and Software Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China Correspondence should be addressed to Chao Fan; [email protected] Received 24 May 2021; Revised 14 June 2021; Accepted 27 June 2021; Published 7 July 2021 Academic Editor: Chenxi Huang Copyright © 2021 Chao Fan et al. )is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. )e Legend of the Condor Heroes (LCH) is one of the fifteen well-known Wuxia novels penned by Jin Yong. It portrays a number of characters in the background of the Southern Song Dynasty. In this research, we attempt to analyze the relationship of characters in LCH based on social network, including network feature analysis, cluster analysis, and data visualization. Moreover, the approach can be extended to other literary works because our research provides a general framework for analyzing character relationships. We first perform lexical analysis on the corpus to extract character names and then utilize co-word analysis to build a social network of character relationships. We reckon characters as nodes and count the cooccurrences of characters as weights of links. By applying the social network analysis of created network, we can obtain network features of LCH. Furthermore, a hierarchical clustering algorithm is implemented to study the structure of LCH network. Both the dendrogram and Venn diagram are used for data visualization. An improved approach of visualizing the clustering results is advanced in order to display the group and hierarchical structure better. )e final experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method shows a good effect. 1. Introduction of-speech tagging, etc. Utilizing the character names and their cooccurrences, we are able to build a weighted )e Legend of the Condor Heroes, written by JIN Yong, is undirected network. Many network features are calcu- one of the most reputable novels painting the fantasy world lated to describe the characteristics of LCH network of Wuxia. Based on real historical events, this novel tells the structure. Furthermore, the agglomerative hierarchical story of the Southern Song Dynasty. It describes the legend clustering method is implemented to analyze the rela- of Guo Jing, who is destined to shoulder the responsibility of tionships of characters. Some interesting conclusions of the country and grow into a hero with the help of Huang the novel can be drawn. Finally, an improved approach by Rong. )e novel portrays about a hundred dramatic employing the Venn diagram is proposed to visualize characters. clustering results. By conducting cluster analysis and data Relationships of characters can be explored from the visualization, not only does this work facilitate the ex- perspective of social network. )is paper tries to build a hibition of character relationships in LCH, but also it character relationship network based on the co-word provides a framework for analyzing characters in the analysis. It is well known that the cooccurrence of two literary work. characters’ names in a paragraph or a sentence indicates a )e content of this paper can be presented in the fol- connection between them in some ways. Hence, the co- lowing sections. Related studies are reviewed in Section 2. word analysis technology can be applied to the con- Social network construction is elaborated in Section 3. struction of character relationship network. At the be- Section 4 states experimental results, discussions of cluster ginning, textual analysis of LCH corpus is carried out by analysis, and data visualization. Section 5 gives the con- natural language processing such as segmentation, part- clusion and future work. 2 Scientific Programming 2. Related Work and preprocessed it by NLP technologies, whereas social network reckoned the work as historical documents and Quantitative research is an effective strategy to analyze lit- focused on the character relationships. erature, among which co-word analysis attracts the attention of many scholars. Co-word analysis is an important tech- 3. Creation of Social Network nology to build a social network. )e co-word analysis approach was developed by French bibliographers [1] and 3.1. Preprocessing of LCH Corpus. We downloaded a full text soon introduced to other fields [2–4]. Some researchers [5] of the Legend of the Condor Heroes (LCH) in Chinese utilized the co-word analysis to study the theme of publi- dataset (https://www.uidzhx.com/Shtml604.html). Data cation in the field of scientometrics. )eir research results cleansing was done automatically and some punctuation suggest that topics of publications often follow hot spots. errors were corrected manually. Also, mistakes of character Zhu and his team [1] concentrated on the scientific literature names were revised according to the name list of LCH ac- concerning social computing and found some hot research quired from the Internet. After original dataset preprocessing, topics by using the co-word analysis. Gan et al. [6] leveraged the created corpus can be used for lexical analysis. co-word analysis tools to analyze the medical subject )e Chinese lexical analyzer ICTCLAS (http://ictclas. headings (MeSH) terms of epilepsy genetics. Nguyen [7] nlpir.org/) was employed to process the LCH corpus. paid attention to the interdisciplinary literature on non- Chinese segmentation was performed on each sentence and biomedical topics from 1987 to 2017. A large-scale co-word parts-of-speech were tagged for segmented words. analysis was exploited for mapping knowledge. Another Exploiting the results of segmentation and part-of-speech research [8] focused on the evolution of medical tourism. It tagging, we succeeded in extracting the character names analyzed the data from the Web of Science and Scopus based which were used for creating LCH network. on co-word analysis and gave a visualization of all subfields. According to recent research [9], open data were employed to investigate knowledge areas, themes, and future research 3.2. Construction of LCH Network. When generating nodes based on co-word analysis. Khaldi and Prado-Gasco´ [10] of the network, the full name, given name, and nickname of a discussed international cooperation issues on migration by character are regarded as one node. For instance, “Hong using co-word analysis of articles in Web of Science. )ey Qigong,” “Qigong,” and “Bei Gai” represent the same gave some frequent keywords and disclosed that most active character. )e cooccurrence of two names in a specified area authors in this field came from a few countries, such as the (a paragraph or a sentence) denotes a link between two United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, etc. characters. )e corresponding frequency indicates the Several authors explored the relationships of characters weight of a link. In this paper, the contextual area is set as the of literature by utilizing social network analysis, cluster paragraph. analysis, and data visualization. Zhao et al. [11] extracted We built a weighted undirected network to describe the character relationships from Chinese literary based on social relationships of characters in LCH based on co-word network. )ey discovered that the character network in analysis. )e established network incorporates 90 nodes and Chinese literature had apparent small-world property and 1,013 links. A visualized LCH network is depicted in Figure 1 limited power-law distribution. Wang et al. [12] proposed a where degrees of nodes are ranked in the top 50. )e size of a research method to analyze the historical characters in the node represents the degree of the node. Romance of the )ree Kingdoms (RTK). )ey created a network according to the cooccurrence of character names 3.3. Network Features and found some interesting phenomena in the RTK. Fan [13] established a character relationship network of the Dream of 3.3.1. Degree Distribution. )e degree of a node is defined as the Red Chamber. )ey calculated the network features and the count of its neighbors. )e degree of a character means performed a cluster analysis. Some interesting conclusions how many other characters are linked to him or her, thus can be drawn through the visualization of experimental implying the significance of a character. In the novel, a results. Hu [14] made an effort to construct the character character may be directly connected to other characters or network in Records of the )ree Kingdoms. Natural lan- talked about in others’ conversations. guage processing (NLP) tools were taken into account to As can be seen from Figure 1, Guo Jing has the biggest handle the text at first. )en segmentation and part-of- value of the degree. )e top ten people in degree ranking are speech tagging were carried out. A custom dictionary was as follows: Guo Jing, Huang Rong, Yang Kang, Qiu Chuji, Ke adopted to process the ancient Chinese text. Anaphora Zhene, Wanyan Honglie, Zhu Cong, Huang Yaoshi, Ouyang resolution was also used to determine which character a Feng, and Tuolei. We calculated the average degree of LCH pronoun is referring to. Besides, the author applied a network and obtained a value of 22.51. )is number shows k-kernel decomposition approach to analyze the significant that a character in LCH is linked to an average of other 22.5 characters in the work. Xu [15] studied the classical literature characters. )at is to say, characters in LCH network are Zuozhuan in the Pre-Qin period from the perspective of highly connected to each other.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • She Diao Ying Xiong Chuan (Eagle Shooting Hero) by Jin Yong Translators
    She Diao Ying Xiong Chuan (Eagle Shooting Hero) by Jin Yong Translators: Minglei Huang, Foreva, Strunf, Patudo, Taihan, Du Gu seeking a win, SunnySnow, James Worsley, Rayon, Xuelian, Xfiberloss, Hugh (aka IcyFox), William Lee Chong Beng, Daniel Shultz, Bluebook, Owbjhx, Gimel Gimeno, Frans Soetomo Editors: James Gataiant, Percy Cael, Qiu Shuyi, Elif Kaya Disclaimer This work is an unofficial fan translation of Jin Yong’s She Diao Ying Xiong Chuan. The Copyright owner is Jin Yong and the publisher of his original Chinese text. The copyright owner of the English translations posted here is the respective translator(s). No part of this translation may be reproduced or stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the copyright owner(s) nor be otherwise circulated for commercial purpose. Except for Chapter 26, this translation is from the 2nd Edition. Table of Contents Chapter 21 – The Thousand-catty Rock ................................................................... 611 Translated by Hugh (aka IcyFox) Chapter 22 – Wandering on a Shark's Back.............................................................. 639 Translated by William Lee Chong Beng & Frans Soetomo Chapter 23 – Big Trouble in the Imperial Palace ..................................................... 677 Translated by Daniel Shultz, Bluebook & Frans Soetomo Chapter 24 – Healing in the Secret Room ................................................................ 710 Translated by Frans Soetomo Chapter 25 – Desolated
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief Introduction of History and Religious Beliefs of Ancient City Gaochang in Western Regions
    World Journal of Islamic History and Civilization, 4 (4): 125-129, 2014 ISSN 2225-0883 © IDOSI Publications, 2014 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wjihc.2014.4.4.442 A Brief Introduction of History and Religious Beliefs of Ancient City Gaochang in Western Regions 12Zhu Guoxiang and Sun Xiaobin 1School of Ethnology and Sociology, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China, 550025 2International Cultural Exchange Center, Chinese State Bureau of Cultural Relics, Beijing, China 100081 Abstract: The ancient Gaochang’s four different periods of history was told and then in every historical stage of religious belief situation also made a general list. The Buddhism was the dominant religion, while other religions were believed by the residents in Gaochang at the same time. This belief situation was advocated by the Gaochang’s ruling class and its special geographical location, which made Gaochang the place with different religious culture. Key words: Gaochang History Religions Belief China INTRODCTION Xinjiang officially incorporated into the domain of the Chinese territory. In the 48 B.C, because of the fertile soil Gaochang, built in the 1st Century BC the Han in Jiaohe and its the important position, the government Dynasty, was one of the world's religious cultural sent officials and built barracks in Jiaohe and at the treasure. Gaochang was an important site along the Silk same time set troops in Jiaohe, Gaochang. As for the Road. Gaochang played a key role as a transportation explanation of its name, there is an saying in The Book of hub in western China and it was also one of the ancient Wei Dynasty-GaochangHistor, “Because the terrain was Xinjiang's political, cultural and educational centers.
    [Show full text]
  • Daoism Quiz: Questions and Answers
    kupidonia.com Daoism Quiz: questions and answers Daoism Quiz: questions and answers - 1 / 4 kupidonia.com 1. Where is Taoism native to? Korea China Japan 2. The roots of Taoism go back at least to the: 4th century BC 5th century BC 3th century BC 3. Who is regarded as the founder of Taoism? Laozi Confucius Cao Cao 4. Taoism, in form of the Shangqing school, gained official status in China again during the: Sui dynasty Zhou dynasty Tang dynasty 5. Who compiled a series of scriptures which later served as the foundation of the Lingbao school? Huizong Ge Chaofu Daoism Quiz: questions and answers - 2 / 4 kupidonia.com Qiu Chuji 6. When was the Quanzhen School founded in Shandong? 13th century 12th century 11th century 7. Which Taoist master was successful in influencing the Khan towards exerting more restraint during his brutal conquests? Qiu Chuji Ge Chaofu Chung-ying Cheng 8. Taoism can be defined as pantheistic, what does it mean? Pantheism is the belief that reality is identical with divinity Pantheism is the belief that the divine pervades and interpenetrates every part of the universe and also extends beyond time and space Pantheism is the view that consciousness, mind, or soul (psyche) is a universal and primordial feature of all things 9. Which text is widely considered the most influential Taoist text? "The Daozang" "The Zhuangzi" "Tao Te Ching" 10. What is the name of the main association of Taoism in the People's Republic of China? Chinese Taoist Association Taoist Association Taoist Association of China Daoism Quiz: questions and answers - 3 / 4 kupidonia.com Daoism Quiz: questions and answers Right answers 1.
    [Show full text]
  • US Counter Notification of China Subsidy Programs Submitted to The
    WORLD TRADE G/SCM/Q2/CHN/42 11 October 2011 ORGANIZATION (11-4946) Committee on Subsidies Original: English and Countervailing Measures SUBSIDIES Request from the UNITED STATES to CHINA Pursuant to Article 25.10 of the Agreement The following communication, dated 6 October 2011, is being circulated at the request of the Delegation of the United States. _______________ The United States notes that China has only submitted one notification of subsidies under Article XVI:1 of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (the GATT 1994) and Article 25.2 of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (the Agreement) in its ten years of WTO membership. China submitted that notification (G/SCM/N/123/CHN) in 2006, covering the time period from 2001 to 2004. At that time, the United States and several other Members expressed serious concerns about the incompleteness of China's notification. Since 2006, the United States and several other Members have repeatedly requested that China submit its notifications for the periods subsequent to 2004. The United States has obtained information concerning numerous Chinese central government and sub-central government measures, listed below, covering the time period from 2004 to the present that were not included in China's single notification. The United States considers that these measures should be subject to notification to the Committee on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (the Committee) under Article XVI:1 of the GATT 1994 and Article 25.2 of the Agreement because they appear to provide specific subsidies within the meaning of Articles 1.1 and 2 of the Agreement.
    [Show full text]
  • The Daoist Tradition Also Available from Bloomsbury
    The Daoist Tradition Also available from Bloomsbury Chinese Religion, Xinzhong Yao and Yanxia Zhao Confucius: A Guide for the Perplexed, Yong Huang The Daoist Tradition An Introduction LOUIS KOMJATHY Bloomsbury Academic An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 50 Bedford Square 175 Fifth Avenue London New York WC1B 3DP NY 10010 UK USA www.bloomsbury.com First published 2013 © Louis Komjathy, 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Louis Komjathy has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Author of this work. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury Academic or the author. Permissions Cover: Kate Townsend Ch. 10: Chart 10: Livia Kohn Ch. 11: Chart 11: Harold Roth Ch. 13: Fig. 20: Michael Saso Ch. 15: Fig. 22: Wu’s Healing Art Ch. 16: Fig. 25: British Taoist Association British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: 9781472508942 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Komjathy, Louis, 1971- The Daoist tradition : an introduction / Louis Komjathy. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4411-1669-7 (hardback) -- ISBN 978-1-4411-6873-3 (pbk.) -- ISBN 978-1-4411-9645-3 (epub) 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Changchun Taoist Temple
    Line 1: Changchun Taoist temple Changchun Taoist temple, one of the most famous Taoist temples in China, located in wuhan, hubei province, is the only existing Taoist temple in this area. It was listed as a national key Taoist temple by the state council in 1983. The Taoist temple is located in the south of shuangfeng mountain in wuhan city. It is said that laozi, the ancestor of Taoism, once stayed here. Taoist architecture appeared here as early as the 3rd century BC. During the yuan dynasty, qiu chuji, a famous representative of quanzhen school, came here to practice and preach, which further expanded its scale. Because qiu chuji was called changchun real person, the Taoist temple was called changchun view. Since its establishment, the influence of changchun outlook has been constantly expanding, and it was further expanded in the Ming and qing dynasties to form its current scale. It sits in the south, built according to the mountain, the main building is the gate, lingguan dian, taiqing dian, three emperor dian, etc., compact layout, large scale. Next to the building of qizhen temple, there is a hall of merit and virtue, with an astronomical panorama inlaid on the wall. It was completed by the famous Taoist priest Lilian in the 1930s, which has a high reference value for the study of ancient astronomy. Now, changchun view is not only the local center of Taoist activities, but also a scenic tourist resort, every year many visitors and believers come to worship. Guiyuan Buddhist Temple Guiyuan Buddhist Temple is located at the west end of cuiwei street in hanyang, hubei province, China.
    [Show full text]
  • Religious Toleration As Political Theology in the Mongol World Empire of the Thirteenth Century Author(S): Christopher P
    Validation by Holiness or Sovereignty: Religious Toleration as Political Theology in the Mongol World Empire of the Thirteenth Century Author(s): Christopher P. Atwood Reviewed work(s): Source: The International History Review, Vol. 26, No. 2 (Jun., 2004), pp. 237-256 Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40109471 . Accessed: 22/09/2012 18:20 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Taylor & Francis, Ltd. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The International History Review. http://www.jstor.org CHRISTOPHER P. ATWOOD Validationby Holiness or Sovereignty: Religious Toleration as PoliticalTheology in the Mongol World Empireof the Thirteenth Century conquerors have been famous for religious toleration since the time of Edward Gibbon. The willingness to patronize many religions and to acknowledge their followers as praying to the same heaven comes as a refreshing change for students of the Middle Ages. Gibbon pioneered the use of the Mongol case to criticize medieval obscurantism when he interpolated into his account of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire a digression on the religious policy of Chinggis Khan. In the midst of a story whose master narrative was the triumph of barbarism and religion over Roman civility, he found a barbarian whose religious policy anticipated that of the Enlightenment, the second age of civility: But it is the religion of Zingis [Chinggis] that best deserves our wonder and ap- plause.
    [Show full text]
  • An Alternative Study of Chinese History: Two Daoist Temples
    UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations 1-1-2008 An alternative study of Chinese history: Two Daoist temples Joan Lorraine Mann University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/rtds Repository Citation Mann, Joan Lorraine, "An alternative study of Chinese history: Two Daoist temples" (2008). UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations. 2304. http://dx.doi.org/10.25669/ryst-56ao This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AN ALTERNATIVE STUDY OF CHINESE HISTORY: TWO DAOIST TEMPLES by Joan Lorraine Mann Bachelor of Arts San Jose State University 1979 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Master of Arts Degree in History Department of History College of Liberal Arts Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas May 2008 UMI Number: 1456353 Copyright 2008 by Mann, Joan Lorraine All rights reserved. INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction.
    [Show full text]
  • Jin Yong's Novels
    Jin Yong’s Novels Jin Yong (Louis Cha Leung-yung) was an internationally well-known writer in the literary world. His 15 martial arts romance novels have been so popular that they have a widespread following in Chinese communities worldwide. It is said that “Where there are Chinese people, there are Jin Yong’s novels”. In the academic world, Jin Yong was regarded as one of the “20th-century Chinese Literary Masters”. Each of his novels has been adapted many times into films and TV series. And some have been adapted into Chinese and Western shows such as dance dramas, symphonies, dramas, cartoons, comics, acrobatics, narrative singings, and puppet theatres. Others have even been adapted into video games and others cultural creative products. They have a far-reaching influence, for decades, in the popularization and development of culture in the various social quarters on both sides on the Taiwan Straits, namely Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and mainland China. The stamp issue “Jin Yong’s Novels” is designed by Lio Man Cheong, the famous painter in Macao. The souvenir sheet is based on Jin Yong’s debut novel “The Book and the Sword” and the four stamps are originated from one of Jin Yong’s masterpieces, “The Legend of the Condor Heroes”. The Book and the Sword The creation of “The Book and the Sword” was originated from a martial arts competition held in Macao in 1954. In the following year, Jin Yong was entrusted to publish a series of martial arts romance novels on the “New Evening Post”, which later won him the great fame and made him the leader of “new faction” martial arts romance novels.
    [Show full text]
  • The Revival of Tiantai Buddhism in the Late Ming: on the Thought of Youxi Chuandeng 幽溪傳燈 (1554-1628)
    The Revival of Tiantai Buddhism in the Late Ming: On the Thought of Youxi Chuandeng 幽溪傳燈 (1554-1628) Yungfen Ma Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2011 © 2011 Yungfen Ma All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT The Revival of Tiantai Buddhism in the Late Ming: On the Thought of Youxi Chuandeng 幽溪傳燈 (1554-1628) Yungfen Ma This dissertation is a study of Youxi Chuandeng’s (1554-1628) transformation of “Buddha-nature includes good and evil,” also known as “inherent evil,” a unique idea representing Tiantai’s nature-inclusion philosophy in Chinese Buddhism. Focused on his major treatise On Nature Including Good and Evil, this research demonstrates how Chuandeng, in his efforts to regenerate Tiantai, incorporated the important intellectual themes of the late Ming, especially those found in the Śūraṃgama Sūtra. In his treatise, Chuandeng systematically presented his ideas on doctrinal classification, the principle of nature-inclusion, and the practice of the Dharma-gate of inherent evil. Redefining Tiantai doctrinal classification, he legitimized the idea of inherent evil to be the highest Buddhist teaching and proved the superiority of Buddhism over Confucianism. Drawing upon the notions of pure mind and the seven elements found in the Śūraṃgama Sūtra, he reinterpreted nature-inclusion and the Dharma-gate of inherent evil emphasizing inherent evil as pure rather than defiled. Conversely, he reinterpreted the Śūraṃgama Sūtra by nature-inclusion. Chuandeng incorporated Confucianism and the Śūraṃgama Sūtra as a response to the dominating thought of his day, this being the particular manner in which previous Tiantai thinkers upheld, defended and spread Tiantai.
    [Show full text]
  • Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Red Waters by India R. Adams Red Waters (Tainted Waters #3)(17) Author: India R
    Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Red Waters by India R. Adams Red Waters (Tainted Waters #3)(17) Author: India R. Adams. By my upper arms, Yury picked me up off the floor. My feet dangled in the air as I looked down to a man who had lost his mind. The young man I had aroused during my dance had transformed into the angriest man I had ever seen. His body was shaking, incredibly so, while he studied my tears. Then he slammed his eyes shut, facing away from me. Too terrified to talk, I stuttered, “M-Mas-ster—” He dropped me to the ground. “Not. My. Name!” I stayed as low to the ground as I could while watching him deal with his fury. I simply couldn’t understand what was happening. Then he screamed, “Whit! My bed!” Rising to my feet, I was shocked to hear him scream, “You are Fire!” Traumatized on the floor, I watched the Pretend Whit crawl into his bed, Yury following her while unbuckling his pants. Scared I would get sick on his carpet, I covered my mouth in horror. Pretend Whit moved like a robot. His anger was not alarming her, nor what he was asking of her. She laid on her back as if his pent-up rage was an everyday occurrence. Walking to the other side of his bed, the one farthest from the door, he pointed at me. “You move or head for that door, I will kill you.” He meant every word. I sensed it in my bones. So, I didn’t dare move.
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief Analysis of the Chivalrous Spirit Reflected in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Legends of Condor Heroes
    American Research Journal of Humanities Social Science (ARJHSS)R) 2021 American Research Journal of Humanities & Social Science (ARJHSS) E-ISSN: 2378-702X Volume-04, Issue-01, pp 23-29 January-2021 www.arjhss.com Research Paper Open Access A Brief Analysis of the Chivalrous Spirit Reflected in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Legends of Condor Heroes Abstract: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the best representative of Middle English chivalric romance and is a classic poem from which we can learn of chivalry system that was believed in and followed by medieval knights. And Legends of Condor Heroes, one of the most famous lengthy wuxia novels written by Jin Yong, is also an excellent book reflecting the essence of Chinese chivalrous spirit—the noblest spirit of a hero is to put his country and his people first. The former expresses the pith of medieval western Europe and the latter presents the essence of ancient Chinese culture. The paper will reveal the features, differences and similarities of chivalrous spirit reflected in the two works to prompt the mutual understanding of such spirit of Britain and China. Key words: chivalrous spirit; Sir Gawain and the Green Knight;Legends of Condor Heroes I. The Introduction to the Two Works 1.1 Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Sir Gawain and The Green Knight is a chivalric romance written by an anonymous author sometime in the fourteenth century.[1] It is one of the most famous stories of King Arthur and his knights with themes of honesty, loyalty, bravery, courteousness and honor.
    [Show full text]