5. TURISMUL Zona Transfrontalieră, Este Caracterizată Printr-Un Potenţial Turistic Foarte Ridicat, Insuficient Exploatat Şi Insuficient Promovat

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5. TURISMUL Zona Transfrontalieră, Este Caracterizată Printr-Un Potenţial Turistic Foarte Ridicat, Insuficient Exploatat Şi Insuficient Promovat Analiza şi diagnoza situaţiei curente în cadrul ariei transfrontaliere România - Bulgaria 5. TURISMUL Zona transfrontalieră, este caracterizată printr-un potenţial turistic foarte ridicat, insuficient exploatat şi insuficient promovat. Aici pot fi practicate aproape toate formele de turism datorită patrimoniului natural şi antropic variat, valoros şi atractiv. Potenţialul turistic identificat în fiecare din unităţile administrative analizate este prezentat în continuare. Mehedinţi Pe teritoriul judeţului Mehedinţi se regăsesc toate formele de relief, împărţite în procente egale, dispuse în trepte din nord - vest spre sud - est; de la cea mai înaltă treaptă munţii Mehedinţi şi Cernei, apoi podişul Mehedinţi, dealurile Motrului şi câmpia Bălăciţei spre cea mai coborâtă câmpia Blahniţei (terasele Dunării şi văile Drincei şi Blahniţei). Variaţia reliefului duce la apariţia peisajelor cu relief carstic şi structuri geologice deosebite ce atrag numeroşi turişti. De asemenea caracteristicele climei temperat continentale cu influenţe mediteraneene fac posibile practicarea turismului pe durata întregului an. Resursele turistice naturale de pe teritoriul judeţului sunt legate în special de o zonă turistică importantă pentru ţara noastră - Porţile de Fier. Variaţia reliefului duce la apariţia de peisaje inedite ce atrag numeroşi turişti - pe abrupturile calcaroase între Sviniţa şi Greben, traseele drumurilor DN 67D de la Baia de Aramă-Obârşia Cloşani- Valea Cernei şi DN57(E70) ce însoţeşte traseul Dunării, viaductele arterei peste afluenţii Dunării, fie Sistemele Hidroenergetice şi de navigaţie Porţile de Fier I şi Porţile de Fier II sau zone fosilifere Sviniţa, Bahna sau tufărişurile mediteraneene de la Izverna şi din Defileul Dunării, viaductele peste afluenţii Dunării, porturile din municipiul Drobeta -Turnu Severin şi oraşul Orşova. Turiştii pot valorifica fondul piscicol din lacurile naturale, de acumulare, al Dunării şi al râurilor de pe teritoriul judeţului şi fondul cinegetic din pădurile judeţului. Pe teritoriul judeţului se întâlnesc 3 parcuri - Parcul Natural Porţile de Fier, Parcul Naţional Domogled Valea - Cernei şi Parcul Natural Geoparcul Platoul Mehedinţi, 33 de arii naturale protejate şi 14 situri din Reţeaua Ecologică Europeană Natura 2000, (situri de importanţă comunitară şi situri de protecţie avifaunistică) acestea reprezentând resurse importante pentru dezvoltarea ecoturismului. Cele mai importante dintre ariile protejate şi habitatele naturale existente ce reprezintă potenţiale resurse turistice sunt reprezentate de: - Parcul Natural Porţile de Fier(sit Ramsar) recunoscut pentru peisajele deosebite şi diversitate biologică a habitatelor naturale, florei si faunei sălbatice. Parcul include încă un număr de 18 rezervaţii de tipuri diverse (avifaunistică, botanică, paleontologică, forestieră şi mixtă, speologică, etc.) dintre care cele mai renumite sunt - Valea Mare reprezentativă pentru relieful dezvoltat pe calcare prin formele caracteristice exocarstice şi endocarstice (lapiezuri, doline, uvale, izbucuri, sorburi, chei, peşteri, avene); Ostrovul Moldova Veche, este un ostrov pe Dunăre, cu habitate specifice zonelor umede; Cazanele Mari şi Cazanele Mici rezervaţie naturală mixtă, cu relief carstic dezvoltat în zona Cazanelor, ş.a. - Parcul Naţional Domogled Valea - Cernei se întinde şi pe teritoriul judeţelor Caraş-Severin şi Gorj prezentând forme dezvoltate pe relieful calcaros şi mai mute tipuri de habitate. Parcul include 10 rezervaţii naturale, printre care şi rezervaţia geologică şi peisagistică Vârful lui Stan (cel mai înalt vârf din Munţii Mehedinţi - 1466m). - Complexul carstic de la Ponoarele cu formaţiuni geologice rare, (pod natural - Podul lui Dumnezeu), doline, lapiezuri (Câmpul de lapiezuri), văi, cheiuri, lacuri (Lacul Zătonul Mare, Lacul Zătonul Mic), peşteri (Peştera Ponoarele), păduri (Pădurea Lapiezuri) şi pajişti cu faună şi floră caracteristice podişului mehedinţean. 172 Analiza şi diagnoza situaţiei curente în cadrul ariei transfrontaliere România - Bulgaria - Parcul Natural Geoparcul Platoul Mehedinţi, cea mai nouă arie protejată a judeţului, reprezintă condiţii deosebite pentru specii de plante şi animale rare şi are o structură geologică ce a dus la dezvoltarea unor formaţiuni geologice şi speologice unice. Pe teritoriul parcului există un număr de 17 rezervaţii naturale dar şi numeroase obiective culturale şi istorice, iar tradiţiile şi meşteşugurile sunt încă bine conservate. Alte rezervaţii ce reprezintă importante atracţii turistice sunt şi Pădurea Stârmina, rezervaţie forestieră, reprezentată de o zonă împădurită cu rol de protecţie a unei specii de ghimpe, Tufărişurile mediteraneene Cornetul Obârşia-Cloşani, rezervaţie de tip mixt, suprapusă peste o zonă montană acoperită cu specii de arbori şi arbuşti şi Peştera Epuran, arie naturală de tip speologic, reprezentată de o peşteră pe două nivele, interesantă din punct de vedere speologic pentru numeroasele formaţiuni dezvoltate (stalactite, stalagmite, stilolite, baldachine, pânze, draperii, coloane de calcit) şi fauna fosilă descoperită. Resurse turistice culturale Potenţialul turistic cultural - istoric este reprezentat de un număr de 69 de obiective cu valoare naţională, cele mai remarcabile sunt: - Complexul arheologic din Drobeta-Turnu Severin care include: ruinele castrului roman construit în anii 103-105 d.Hr., ruinele podului lui Traian, ruinele termelor romane, turnul lui Justinian (sec.VI), ruinele cetăţii medievale (construită în anul 1233 pe ruinele castrului roman Drobeta fiind apreciată ca cea mai importantă cetate din zonă în Evul Mediu), ruinele bisericii cu contraforturi, ruinele bisericii medievale de la Drobeta-Turnu Severin. - Ruinele cetăţii Ada Kaleh(sec. XV), mutate de pe insula Ada Kaleh pe ostrovul Şimian pentru execuţia lacului de acumulare Porţile de Fier I, Ruinele cetăţii Trikule (sec.XVI), Castrul roman de la Hinova, Ruinele mănăstirii Coşuştea-Crivelnic, (sec. XIV), Firizu. Monumente istorice şi de artă cu caracter religios: - mănăstiri - Baia de Aramă (1699-1705), Strehaia (1645), Cerneţi, comuna Şimian (1662), Gura Motrului(1512 - 1521) din comuna Butoieşti, Schitul Topolniţa (1600-1611) comuna Izvoru Bârzii, Ruinele mănăstirii Vodiţa (1370-1375) Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Mraconia, Sfânta Ana. - biserici- Biserica Sf. Ioan Botezătorul - cu picturi de Gh. Tătărescu, Biserica Sf. Voievozi (oraşul Baia de Aramă, sec. al XVIII-lea), Biserica Sf. Împăraţi a fostei mănăstiri a Cuţuieştilor (sat Broşteni, 1836), Biserica Domnească cu hramul Sf. Treime (1659-1660) - satul Cerneţi, Biserica de lemn Sf. Nicolae, Costeşti,(1835), Biserica de lemn Sf. Dumitru (sf. sec. XVIII), Negoeşti; Biserica de lemn Sf. Împăraţi Constantin şi Elena (1832), Izvoru Bârzii, Biserica Sf. Treime, (1645) Strehaia, ş.a. Castele, conace, cule, palate: - cule: cula Cuţui (1815) sat Broşteni, cula Tudor Vladimidrescu(1800) şi cula Nistor (1812) satul Cerneţi. - locuinţe săteşti:casa Polina Omir, comuna Siseşti, casa de lemn Maria Moacă sat Schitul Topolniţei - case vechi în partea istorică a municipiul Drobeta-Turnu Severin, sunt aproxim. 100 de case construite în perioada sec. XIX-XX, exemple - Casa Averescu (sec. al XX-lea), Casa cu Atlanţi (sec. al XX-lea), Casa Vasilescu (sec. al XIXlea) din Baia de Aramă; casa de lemn Paraschiva Petolea (1866), ş.a. De asemenea mai pot fi menţionate o serie de clădiri importante din municipiul Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Muzeul Porţile de Fier, aflat în clădirea fostului liceul Traian (1891), Şantierul Naval şi Administraţia Portuară (sec. al XIX-lea), Palatul Culturii Theodor Costescu (1918), Teatrul orăşenesc (1913), Beciurile Palatului Domnesc (sec. al XVI-lea) şi Turnu Clopotniţei (1645) din Strehaia, Palatul neoclasic Gh. Pleşa (1892), Ansamblul Tradiţional Moara Crăcucenilor (trei mori de lemn cu ciutură) (sec. XIX) comuna Ponoarele, ş. a. 173 Analiza şi diagnoza situaţiei curente în cadrul ariei transfrontaliere România - Bulgaria Din prezentarea de mai sus a patrimoniului construit cu valoare culturală se observă că acesta este concentrat în special în jurul centrelor urbane, municipiul Drobeta-Turnu Severin şi oraşele Baia de Aramă şi Strehaia. Tipurile de turism practicate în judeţul Mehedinţi sunt diverse, determinate de valoarea şi varietatea atracţiilor turistice - montan (drumeţia montană, speoturismul), vânătoare şi pescuit, sporturi nautice, de recreere, de week-end sau croaziere pe Dunăre. Deşi cea mai importantă formă de turism este cel de afaceri practicat în special în zonele urbane, în ultimul timp s-a dezvoltat agroturismul şi ecoturismul. Poziţia geografică îi conferă oportunităţi în extinderea turismului de tranzit. Legătura reşedinţei de judeţ cu restul ţării, Bucureşti, litoralul Mării Negre şi Delta Dunării este realizată de drumul european E70, aceasta fiind şi legătura cea mai importantă cu fluxurile turistice dinspre Europa centrală şi de vest. De asemenea reţeaua de drumuri naţionale realizează accesul către principalele zone cu concentrare mare de atracţii turistice naturale şi culturale chiar dacă acestea sunt dispersate pe întreg teritoriul judeţului. Turismul de circulaţie poate favoriza efectuarea unor circuite cu tematici culturale prin vizitarea monumentelor istorice, de arhitectură şi artă dar şi participarea la manifestări folclorice tradiţionale sau aflând despre creaţia populară. Dolj Relieful dominant al judeţului Dolj, ca şi în majoritatea judeţelor dunărene, este cel de câmpie. Astfel Doljul ca şi judeţ de câmpie se poate integra în categoria judeţelor dunărene.
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