Ecologica Montenegrina 20: 119-162 (2019) This journal is available online at: www.biotaxa.org/em

New data on the of Western Stara Planina Mts ( & ) (, Papilionoidea)

MARIO LANGOUROV

National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd, 1000 , Bulgaria. E-mail: [email protected]

Received 9 January 2019 │ Accepted by V. Pešić: 7 March 2019 │ Published online 9 March 2019.

Abstract The paper represents results of surveys carried out in the Western Stara Planina Mts within the last four years in order to improve the knowledge of the fauna, especially in the Bulgarian part of the mountain. A total of 150 species of Lepidoptera (Papilionoidea) was recorded with comments on their distribution in the Bulgarian part of the studied region. Nineteen species were recorded for the first time in the Bulgarian part of the mountain and one species (Apatura metis) – for the Serbian part. It has been found that the highest butterfly diversity is linked to the largest limestone area in the mountain near Komshtitsa Village where 101 species were observed. Interesting records for some rare or endangered species (Muschampia cribrellum, M. tessellum, Lycaena helle, climene, Apatura metis, Nymphalis vaualbum, Melitaea didyma, M. arduinna, M. diamina and Brenthis ino) are discussed in detail. The high conservation value of the studied region proves by the species considered as threatened at the European level, of which seven species are included in the Annexes II and IV of the Habitats Directive, 12 species are listed in the Red Data Book of European butterflies and 26 in the European Red List of Butterflies.

Key words: Papilionoidea, Western Stara Planina Mts, distribution, diversity, new records.

Introduction

Western Stara Planina is a part of the Stara Planina (Balkan) mountain range, but it is characterised by a northwest-southeastern stretch. To the west it is bounded by the Timok River valley, and to the east it reaches the Botevgrad pass and the Bebresh River valley. As far as the Petrohan Pass the central ridge is clear and remarkable, and to the east of it the mountain branched out and considerably expanded. Here from north to south are the following parts: Vrachanska Planina Mountain, Koznitsa, Ponor and Mala planina, which to the west is closely related to Chepan Hill. In the lowest parts, the climate is moderate continental, and in its higher parts (over 1000 m for the northern expositions and over 1500 m for the southern ones) is mountainous. The soils and vegetation show a clear vertical zonality, in the lower parts the soils are grey forest soils, in the middle mountain area - brown forest soils, and in the mountainous parts - mountain- meadow soils. The vegetation of the lowest parts is represented by the oak and hornbeam (mostly sprout) vegetation, and at the limestone terrain in the southern slopes is heavily thermophilous steppe one. Higher, between 800 and 1500/1600 m follow beech forests pass through a fragmentation of the coniferous forests

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(represented by spruce and white fir) and over 1700/1800 m are occupied by a low shrub formation (juniper and berries) and pseudosubalpine grass vegetation. The first information for the butterflies of the Western Stara Planina Mts is found in the earliest works on Bulgarian Lepidoptera fauna by Bachmetjew (1896-1897, 1902) and Rebel (1903). The detailed works of Buresch & Tuleschkov (1929, 1930) include some new records, followed two years later, by a special article devoted to the Western Stara Planina Mts which include 28 species (Tuleschkov, 1932). The middle of the 20th century brought even more entomological activities with detailed survey of the butterflies and moths of the Gorge published by Slivov (1968). Most data are contained in the works of Abadjiev (2001) (published June 2001) and Beshkov (2001) (published December 2001) which, in addition to summarising all published data up to then, contain a number of new ones. Some additions to these works are found in the publications of Dinca et al. (2010), Popović et al. (2014). During the last few decades a multitude of faunistic papers were published covering Serbian part of the mountain (Parker & Jakšić 1996; Jakšić 1999; Zečević 2002; Stojanović-Radić 2007; Swaay et al. 2007; Popović et al. 2013), followed by a special book on the butterflies of the Serbian part of the mountain (Popović & Ðurić 2014). However, entire areas remain practically unexplored (e.g. the area of Godech - Gubesh, Smolcha and Komshtitsa villages and the environs of with and Stakevtsi villages), and we have concentrated on them our efforts. At the same time, in order to fill the evident gap in the published records of butterflies in the region we have summarised our observations for all other places we visited on both sides of the border and provide a discussion of the more interesting species.

Figure 1. Map of the localities (numbered as waypoints). Maps legend: blue lines – rivers, red line – country border, grey area – Western Stara Planina Mts.

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Material and methods

Altogether, 60 sites (42 in Bulgarian part and 18 – in Serbian) were visited in Western Stara Planina Mts (see Fig. 1 and the list below), those with butterfly-rich habitats, most of the localities on several occasions and some of them in different seasons too. Most of the butterflies were photographed in the nature or netted for identification and released. The genitalia of Hipparchia spp. were checked according to Lafranchis (2004), without harming the butterflies. During our survey, coordinates and altitudes were obtained in the field with GPS (Garmin nüvi 2597 LMT). Photographs were taken with a Panasonic DC-FZ82 camera. Butterflies are listed in taxonomical order following the nomenclature of Tshikolovets (2011) (modified after Tshikolovets et al. 2016, 2018). The surveyed localities are:

Bulgaria [BG1] Rocks, near Belogradchik; meadows between sandstone and conglomerate rock formations; 466- 516 m; 43.62063°N, 22.68716°E. [BG2] Chiflitsi Village; meadows near riverbank wood; 334 m; 43.59833°N, 22.65398°E; 11 June 2014. [BG3] Borovitsa Village, Varbovka River; meadows near riverbank wood; 292 m; 43.57174°N, 22.69922°E; 11 June 2014. [BG4] above Stakevtsi Village, near Golemata Reka River; meadows/ riverbank wood; 580 m; 43.52678°N, 22.56220°E (Fig. 2). [BG5] above Stakevtsi Village, near Stakevtsi Waterfall; clearings in mixed deciduous and riverbank wood; 787 m; 43.49286°N, 22.55240°E (Fig. 2). [BG6] Dolni Village, river valley; bushes/ riverbank wood; 366 m; 43.49912°N, 22.78157°E. [BG7] between to villages; meadows/ riverbank wood; 631-703 m; 43.44520°N, 22.72609°E. [BG8] road to Midzhur Hut; riverbank/beech wood; 780 m; 43.43208°N, 22.72011°E; 11 June 2014. [BG9] Prevala Village, Prevalsko Vrelo karst spring; riverbank wood/ meadows; 453 m; 43.46904°N, 22.86232°E; 11 June 2014. [BG10] above Prevala Village, near Lenitsa River; riverbank wood/ meadows; 489 m; 43.46217°N, 22.85442°E. [BG11] Stefanov Most Bridge on Chiprovska River, N of Village; meadows/ riverbank; 381 m; 43.39700°N, 22.92537°E. [BG12] above Chiprovtsi, near Androvitsa River; meadows/ riverbank; 579 m; 43.37953°N, 22.86128°E. [BG13] Gorni Pilatovets place, above Chiprovtsi; meadows/ riverbank; 633 m; 43.37595°N, 22.85352°E; 7 July 2015. [BG14] above Chiprovtsi, near Stara Reka River; meadows/ riverbank; 655-671 m; 43.37290°N, 22.84286°E. [BG15] Androvitsa and Kresnin Lom Rivers confluence, above Chiprovtsi; meadows with bushes and scattered trees; 689 m; 43.36916°N, 22.85179°E; 10.vi.2014. [BG16] Yavor Hut, above Chiprovtsi; meadows with bushes and scattered trees; 840 m; 43.36233°N, 22.83692°E; 10.vi.2014. [BG17] Dorchin Kladenets near Aldintsi Peak, above Chiprovtsi; mountain meadows; 977 m; 43.34722°N, 22.85148°E. [BG18] Orlovitsa place, above Chiprovtsi; mountain meadow in mixed wood; 1239 m; 43.34361°N, 22.84294°E. [BG19] Yakovo Boishte place, above Chiprovtsi; mountain meadow in mixed wood; 1450 m; 43.35061°N, 22.81989°E; 10 June 2014. [BG20] Deyanitsa place, above Chiprovtsi; mountain meadow in mixed wood; 1550 m; 43.33884°N, 22.82788°E. [BG21] near Spasova Sahan River, above Chiprovtsi; hygrophilous vegetation above timberline; 1579-1643 m; 43.34401°N, 22.80872°E. [BG22] Tri Kladentsi place, near Vrazha Glava Peak, above Chiprovtsi; hygrophilous vegetation in subalpine zone; 1744 m; 43.34192°N, 22.80230°E (Fig. 2). [BG23] near Gaganitsa Village; scrubby dry meadow; 271 m; 43.32903°N, 23.12929°E; 21 June 2017. [BG24] near St Ivan Pusti Monastery, N of Vratsa; clearings in mixed wood; 385 m; 43.24375°N, 23.47001°E; 12 June 2014. [BG25] Komshtitsa Village, crossroad to Gubesh; suburban/scrubby limestone hills in a river valley; 915 m; 43.09047°N, 22.99289°E. [BG26] Komshtitsa Village; suburban/scrubby limestone hills in a river valley; 930 m; 43.09929°N, 22.99863°E. [BG27] above Komshtitsa Village, near Visochitsa River; scrubby limestone hills in a river valley; 950-1050 m; 43.10540°N, 23.00395°E (Fig. 3). [BG28] near Smolcha Village; scrubby limestone hills; 938 m; 43.06343°N, 22.97219°E. [BG29] near Gubesh Village; scrubby limestone hills in a river valley; 1020 m; 43.07969°N, 23.04204°E (Fig. 3). [BG30] Kostadinovets Spring, near Gubesh Village; limestone hills/ wet meadow; 1052 m; 43.07605°N, 23.05626°E. [BG31] crossroad to Tizoina Cave, near Gubesh Village; meadows/pastures near deciduous wood; 1136 m; 43.07038°N, 23.06784°E; 27 May 2016. [BG32] Godech; suburban; 747 m; 43.030117°N, 23.068684°E; 16 June 2017.

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Figure 2. Top [BG4] & [BG5] above Stakevtsi Village, habitat of Plebejus artaxerxes, Polyommatus amandus, P. eros, Erebia aethiops, Apatura iris, A. ilia, Neptis sappho, Nymphalis vaualbum, Melitaea diamina, M. arduinna, Brenthis ino. Bottom [BG22] Tri Kladentsi place, near Vrazha Glava Peak, habitat of Carterocephalus palaemon, Lycaena helle, Plebejus eumedon, Erebia orientalis, Coenonympha rhodopensis, Lasiommata petropolitana.

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Figure 3. Top [BG27] above Komshtitsa Village, habitat of Muschampia cribrellum, Leptidea duponcheli, Pieris ergane, Glaucopsyche alexis, Plebejus sephirus, Plebejus anteros, Erebia alberganus, Coenonympha leander, Kirinia climene, Chazara briseis, Limenitis populi, Neptis rivularis, N. sappho, Melitaea arduinna, M. aurelia. Bottom [BG29] near Gubesh Village, habitat of Muschampia cribrellum, Pyrgus carthami, Parnassius mnemosyne, Lycaena dispar, Cupido osiris, Scolitantides orion, Pseudophilotes vicrama, Limenitis reducta.

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Figure 4. Top [BG37] Chepan Hill, NE of Dragoman, habitat of Euchloe ausonia, Pieris mannii, P. ergane, Maculinea alcon, Polyommatus ripartii, , K. climene, Hipparchia volgensis, Satyrus ferula, Brenthis hecate, Clossiana dia. Bottom [SR5] Babin Zub, near Doychino Vrelo, habitat of Lycaena candens, Polyommatus eros, Erebia orientalis, E. alberganus, Coenonympha leander, C. rhodopensis, Melitaea arduinna, Clossiana eunomia.

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Figure 5. Top [SR7] Babin Zub, Markova Livada, habitat of Pyrgus sidae, Parnassius mnemosyne, Plebejus artaxerxes, Erebia orientalis, E. alberganus, E. medusa, E. oeme, Coenonympha rhodopensis, Lasiommata petropolitana, Clossiana eunomia. Bottom [SR9] Bigar Waterfall, habitat of Thymelicus acteon, Lycaena dispar, Maculinea arion, Glaucopsyche alexis, Pseudophilotes vicrama, Apatura iris, A. ilia, A. metis, Araschnia levana, Melitaea arduinna, M. diamina, Brenthis ino, B. hecate.

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Figure 6. Top [SR12] near Topli Dol Village, habitat of Carcharodus lavatherae, C. flocciferus, Zerynthia polyxena, Z. cerisy, Parnassius apollo, Pieris mannii, P. balcana, Maculinea arion, Scolitantides orion, Plebejus sephirus, P. anteros, Polyommatus daphnis, Hipparchia volgensis, Neptis rivularis, N. sappho, Melitaea aurelia. Bottom [SR18] above Gorni Krivodol, habitat of Pyrgus carthami, Maculinea arion, M. alcon, Scolitantides orion, Plebejus argyrognomon, Polyommatus dorylas, P. ripartii, Coenonympha leander, Satyrus ferula, Melitaea arduinna, Brenthis ino, Clossiana dia.

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[BG33] near Razboishte Village, road to the monastery; scrubby meadows on limestone; 692 m; 43.01302°N, 22.95125°E; 23 May 2016. [BG34] near Bukorovtsi monastery; scrubby meadows on limestone; 695 m; 43.00995°N, 22.96197°E; 23 May 2016. [BG35] Kotlite Waterfalls; scrubby limestone valley; 720 m; 43.00376°N, 22.95898°E; 23 May 2016. [BG36] near Bukorovtsi Village; scrubby wet meadow; 618 m; 42.99347°N, 22.97877°E; 18 June 2017. [BG37] Chepan Hill, NE of Dragoman; limestone stony slopes with scattered shrubs; 830-1101 m; 42.94535°N, 22.92522°E (Fig. 4). [BG38] near Dragoman marsh; limestone stony slopes with scattered shrubs/ wet meadow/ marsh; 708 m; 42.93739°N, 22.95165°E. [BG39] near Aldomirovtsi marsh; limestone stony slopes with scattered shrubs/ wet meadow/ marsh; 662 m; 42.88631°N, 23.00271°E. [BG40] crossroad to Ponor Village; scrubby limestone stony slopes; 906 m; 42.91275°N, 23.16560°E. [BG41] Lyulyaka Hut near Beledie Han Village; limestone wooded slopes/ riverbank; 666-735 m; 42.89075°N, 23.17356°E. [BG42] Bezden springs and marsh; scrubby limestone hills near a marsh; 560 m; 42.883342°N, 23.093305°E; 6 May 2013. Serbia [SR1] Tsurni Vrah (Crni Vrh) Village; clearings in beech wood; 707-813 m; 43.40875°N, 22.57362°E. [SR2] Gramada, Golema Reka; clearings in beech wood; 794-886 m; 43.40834°N, 22.58846°E. [SR3] Kozarnitsa (Kozarnica), Strma Reka valley; meadows/ clearings in beech wood/ riverbank; 1009-1062 m; 43.39550°N, 22.60491°E. [SR4] Konyarnik place; meadow near beech wood; 1195 m; 43.38266°N, 22.60973°E. [SR5] Babin Zub, near Doychino (Dojčino) Vrelo; wet meadows near beech wood; 1522 m; 43.36819°N, 22.59436°E (Fig. 4). [SR6] Babin Zub, near Babin Zub Hut; clearings in beech wood; 1550 m; 43.37431°N, 22.61626°E. [SR7] Babin Zub, Markova Livada; mountain wet meadows; 1578 m; 43.37411°N, 22.62197°E (Fig. 5). [SR8] Babin Zub, near Zharkova Chuka (Ţarkova čuka); subalpine meadows; 1742 m; 43.38813°N, 22.63288°E. [SR9] Bigar Waterfall; limestone slopes with bushes/ riverbank wood; 449 m; 43.35491°N, 22.44366°E (Fig. 5). [SR10] Temska Village; suburban/flowering garden; 392 m; 43.260668°N, 22.540939°E; 18 June 2018. [SR11] near Zaskovtsi (Zaskovci) Village; clearing in deciduous wood; 611 m; 43.31749°N, 22.64393°E; 27 June 2017. [SR12] near Topli Dol Village; scrubby meadows/ rocks/ riverbank wood; 728-804 m; 43.34075°N, 22.68359°E (Fig. 6). [SR13] above Doykintsi (Dojkinci) Village; beech wood/ meadows/ riverbank; 880-936 m; 43.23242°N, 22.78125°E. [SR14] above Yelovitsa (Jelovica) Village; beech/riverbank wood; 960 m; 43.23899°N, 22.84476°E; 7 July 2015. [SR15] Rsovtsi (Rsovci) Village; limestone slopes with bushes/ riverbank; 721 m; 43.17168°N, 22.76122°E; 28 June 2017. [SR16] near Slavinja Village; meadows on limestone with scattered trees and bushes; 758 m; 43.13982°N, 22.85572°E; 7 July 2015. [SR17] near Boljev Dol Village; limestone slopes with bushes/ riverbank; 871 m; 43.12244°N, 22.92798°E; 7 July 2015. [SR18] above Gorni Krivodol, small gully; limestone stony slopes with bushes/ riverbank; 890 m; 43.11114°N, 22.95427°E (Fig. 6).

Results

Below is a list of the butterfly species recorded in the studied region. The localities are numbered according to the list of localities in the Material and methods section and dates are listed chronologically after date and month.

Hesperiidae Pyrginae Erynnis tages (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG7] 24.vi.2016; [BG10] 23.vi.2017; [BG12] 22.vi.2016; [BG26] 01.vi.2016; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2016, 21.vii.2018, 08.viii.2015; [BG29] 16.vi.2017, 20.vi.2017; [BG30] 27.v.2016, 20.vi.2016; [BG31]; [BG38] 02.v.2014; [BG41] 30.iv.2017; [SR3] 14.vi.2017; [SR7] 14.vi.2017; [SR9] 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Lyulyaka Hut (Beshkov 2001: 14) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 152).

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Carcharodus lavatherae (Esper, [1783]) [BG10] 23.vi.2017; [SR11]; [SR12] 18.vi.2018, 27.vi.2017; [SR13] 15.vi.2017; [SR18] 28.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known only from Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 151). The species is included as NT/NT (near threatened) in the European Red List of Butterflies (van Swaay et al. 2010).

Carcharodus alceae (Esper, [1780]) [BG1] 13.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; [BG5] 25.vi.2016; [BG6] 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 12.vi.2018, 22.vi.2016; [BG24]; [BG37] 23.vi.2015, 30.vi.2012; [SR1] 26.vi.2017; [SR9] 17.vi.2018; [SR12] 18.vi.2018, 29.vi.2016; [SR18] 28.vi.2016. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Belogradchik, Lyulyaka Hut, Mitrovtsi Village (Beshkov 2001: 14) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 151).

Carcharodus flocciferus (Zeller, 1847) [BG13]: 13.vi.2018; [BG29] 16.vi.2017, 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 27.vi.2016; [SR3] 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017; [SR12] 09.vii.2015; [SR18] 19.vi.2018. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known only from Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 151, as Carcharodus altheae (Hübner, 1803)). The species is included as NT/LC (near threatened/least concern) in the European Red List of Butterflies (van Swaay et al. 2010).

Spialia orbifer (Hübner, [1823]) [BG7] 13.vi.2017, 14.vi.2018; [BG11] 21.vi.2017; [BG25] 01.vi.2016; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG29] 27.v.2016, 18.vi.2017, 20.vi.2016; [BG30] 27.v.2016; [BG37] 23.vi.2015, 30.vi.2012; [SR12] 29.vi.2016; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known only from Iskar Gorge (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1930: 185; Slivov 1968: 151).

Muschampia cribrellum (Eversmann, 1841) [BG25] 01.vi.2016; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2016; [BG28] 27.v.2016, 01.vi.2016; [BG29] 27.v.2016, 18.vi.2017, 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG30] 27.v.2016. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Gubesh, Golesh, near Godech, Zavidovtsi, , Chepan Hill (Abadjiev & Beshkov 2007: 196; Dincă et al. 2010; Hoejgaard & Beshkov 2011). The species is included as NT/NT (near threatened) in the European Red List of Butterflies (van Swaay et al. 2010).

Muschampia tessellum (Hübner, [1803]) [BG40] 11.vi.2018. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously reported from exactly the same locality (Beshkov 2017: 10).

Pyrgus malvae (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG7] 11.vi.2014; [BG9]; [BG20] 23.vi.2016; [BG22] 23.vi.2016; [BG25] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2016; [BG26] 01.vi.2016; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2016; [BG28] 27.v.2016, 01.vi.2016; [BG29] 27.v.2016, 18.vi.2017, 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG30] 27.v.2016, 16.vi.2017, 20.vi.2016; [BG31]; [BG33]; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 30.vi.2012; [BG38] 02.v.2014, 19.vi.2017; [BG41] 30.iv.2017, 21.vi.2016; [BG42]; [SR3] 16.vi.2018; [SR5] 16.vi.2018, 26.vi.2016; [SR7] 14.vi.2017, 25.vi.2017; [SR9] 26.vi.2017; [SR11]; [SR13] 15.vi.2017; [SR18] 28.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Sredogriv Village, Lyulyaka Hut (Beshkov 2001: 14) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 152).

Pyrgus armoricanus (Oberthür, 1910) [SR3] 16.vi.2018; [SR15].

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In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known only from Village in the Iskar Gorge (Drenowski 1930: 179).

Pyrgus alveus (Hübner, [1803]) [BG7] 14.vi.2018, 24.vi.2016; [BG27] 21.vii.2018; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017; [SR13] 19.vi.2018. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known only from Iskar Gorge (Drenowski 1930: 179; Slivov 1968: 152).

Pyrgus sidae (Esper, [1784]) [BG4] 13.vi.2017; [BG29] 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG37] 21.vi.2016; [BG40] 23.vi.2015; [SR8] 26.vi.2016; [SR7] 08.vii.2015; [SR12] 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016, 09.vii.2015; [SR13] 15.vi.2017, 28.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known only from Vratsa (Abadjiev 2001: 34).

Pyrgus carthami (Hübner, [1813]) [BG25] 01.vi.2016; [BG26] 01.vi.2016; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG28] 27.v.2016, 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG29] 27.v.2016, 16.vi.2017, 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG30] 20.vi.2016; [BG31]; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 23.vi.2015; [BG40] 23.vi.2015; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017, 07.vii.2015. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known only from Milanovo Village in the Iskar Gorge (Abadjiev 2001: 34).

Hesperiinae Thymelicus acteon (Rottemburg, 1775) [BG10] 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [SR9] 26.vi.2017; [SR12] 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016; [SR13] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017; [SR15]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 151). The species is included in the Red Data Book of European butterflies (van Swaay & Warren 1999) and as NT/NT (near threatened) in the European Red List of Butterflies (van Swaay et al. 2010).

Thymelicus lineola (Ochsenheimer, 1808) [BG4] 13.vi.2017; [BG11] 11.vi.2017; [BG13]: 21.vi.2017; [BG14] 22.vi.2016; [BG17] 22.vi.2017; [BG27] 20.vi.2016; [BG37] 23.vi.2015; [BG38] 19.vi.2017, 20.vi.2015; [SR3] 16.vi.2018; [SR9] 15.vi.2017, 26.vi.2017; [SR15]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2016. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Chiprovtsi (Abadjiev 2001: 13), Mitrovtsi Village (Beshkov 2001: 14) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 151).

Thymelicus sylvestris (Poda, 1761) [BG4] 13.vi.2017, 15.vi.2018, 25.vi.2016; [BG5] 24.vi.2017; [BG6] 24.vi.2016; [BG7] 13.vi.2017, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2018; [BG10] 14.vi.2018, 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 12.vi.2018, 22.vi.2016; [BG12] 12.vi.2017; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018; [BG14] 22.vi.2016; [BG23]; [BG27] 20.vi.2017, 21.vii.2018; [BG29] 18.vi.2017, 20.vi.2017; [BG30] 20.vi.2016; [BG36]; [BG38] 20.vi.2015, 30.vi.2012; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR3] 25.vi.2017; [SR9] 15.vi.2017, 18.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017; [SR12] 29.vi.2016; [SR13] 28.vi.2017; [SR15]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2016, 28.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 151, as Adopaea thaumas (Hufnagel, 1766)).

Ochlodes sylvanus (Esper, [1779]) [BG1] 25.vi.2016; [BG4] 15.vi.2018; [BG5] 24.vi.2017; [BG6] 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG10] 14.vi.2018, 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 11.vi.2017, 12.vi.2018, 21.vi.2017, 22.vi.2016; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018; [BG14] 22.vi.2016; [BG23]; [BG27] 20.vi.2017, 21.vii.2018, 08.viii.2015; [BG29] 16.vi.2017, 18.vi.2017, 20.vi.2017; [BG30] 20.vi.2016; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 23.vi.2015; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR3] 14.vi.2017, 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017; [SR5] 16.vi.2018; [SR7] 08.vii.2015; [SR8] 26.vi.2016; [SR9] 26.vi.2017; [SR12] 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016, 09.vii.2015; [SR13] 09.vii.2015; [SR14]; [SR18] 28.vi.2017, 07.vii.2015.

Ecologica Montenegrina, 20, 2019, 119-162 129

NEW DATA ON THE BUTTERFLIES OF WESTERN STARA PLANINA MTS.

In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Mitrovtsi Village (Beshkov 2001: 14, as O. venata (Bremer & Grey, 1853)) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 151).

Hesperia comma (Linnaeus, 1758) Milanovo Village, suburban/ hornbeam wood on limestone, 870 m, 43.11833°N, 23.39861°E, 28.vii.2007 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [BG27] 09.viii.2015. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Petrohan Pass (Beshkov 2001: 14) and in the Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 151).

Heteropterinae *Carterocephalus palaemon (Pallas, 1771) [BG5] 24.vi.2017; [BG22] 12.vi.2017, 22.vi.2017, 23.vi.2016; [BG26] 01.vi.2016; [BG27] 01.vi.2016; [BG28] 01.vi.2016; [BG29] 27.v.2016; [BG30] 27.v.2016; [BG31]; [SR3] 14.vi.2017; [SR12] 27.vi.2017; [SR13] 15.vi.2017, 28.vi.2017. New for the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina mountain

Papilionidae Papilioninae Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758 [BG4] 15.vi.2018; [BG5] 25.vi.2016; [BG10] 23.vi.2017; [BG11] 12.vi.2018, 21.vi.2017, 22.vi.2016; [BG14] 22.vi.2016; [BG21] 13.vi.2018; [BG23]; [BG26] 01.vi.2016; [BG27] 09.viii.2015; [BG35]; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 23.vi.2015, 30.vi.2012; [BG41] 21.vi.2016; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 27.vi.2016; [SR5] 25.vi.2017; [SR7] 25.vi.2017; [SR9] 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2017; [SR12] 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016, 09.vii.2015; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Belogradchik, Chiprovtsi and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 142; Beshkov 2001: 15).

Iphiclides podalirius (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG1] 25.vi.2016; [BG2]; [BG3]; [BG4] 25.vi.2016; [BG6] 24.vi.2016; [BG7] 13.vi.2017, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG10] 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017; [BG11] 21.vi.2017; [BG12] 22.vi.2016; [BG25] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2016; [BG26] 27.v.2016; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2016, 21.vii.2018, 09.viii.2015; [BG28] 01.vi.2016; [BG29] 27.v.2016, 16.vi.2017, 20.vi.2017; [BG30] 27.v.2016, 20.vi.2016; [BG35]; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 23.vi.2015; [SR2] 27.vi.2016; [SR7] 08.vii.2015; [SR9] 17.vi.2018, 18.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017; [SR11]; [SR13] 28.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Belogradchik, Chiprovtsi, Lyulyaka Hut and Iskar Gorge (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1929: 163; Slivov 1968: 142; Beshkov 2001: 15).

Parnassiinae Zerynthia (Zerynthia) polyxena ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Varbovska Glama near Varbovo Village, limestone slope with deciduous trees, 517 m, 43.55556°N, 22.66527°E, 30.iv.2007 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [BG6] Village, river valley, caterpillars: 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG23], caterpillars; Milanovo Village, suburban/ hornbeam wood on limestone, 870 m, 43.11833°N, 23.39861°E, 29.iv.2007 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [BG38] 02.v.2014; caterpillars: 19.vi.2017, 21.vi.2016; [SR12] near Topli Dol Village, caterpillars: 18.vi.2018. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Manastirishte Village [E of Godech] (Beshkov 2001: 14) and Iskar Gorge (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1929: 166; Slivov 1968: 142). The species is included in the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC (Annex IV).

Zerynthia (Allancastria) cerisy (Godart, [1824]) [BG2]; [BG3], caterpillars; [BG6] 11.vi.2014; [BG9]; Dolno Ozirovo Village, suburban/ ruderal, 284 m, 43.23805°N, 23.34750°E, 03.v.2012 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [SR12] 18.vi.2018, caterpillars; 29.vi.2016. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Iskar Gorge (Drenowski 1924: 339; Buresch & Tuleschkow 1929: 165; Slivov 1968: 142). The species is included as NT/NT (near threatened) in the European Red List of Butterflies (van Swaay et al. 2010).

130

LANGOUROV

Parnassius (Driopa) mnemosyne (Linnaeus, 1758) Varbovska Glama near Varbovo Village, limestone slope with deciduous trees, 517 m, 43.55556°N, 22.66527°E, 30.iv.2007 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [BG19]; [BG29] 27.v.2016; [BG37] Chepan Hill, NE of Dragoman (Beshkov, pers. comm.): 16.v.2007, 27.v.2007, 10.vi.2007; [BG40] crossroad to Ponor Village (Beshkov, pers. comm.): 21.v.2009; [SR7] 16.vi.2018. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Martinova Chuka and Midzhur Peaks (Tuleschkow 1932: 308), Beledie Han Village (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1929: 169), Manastirishte Village [E of Godech] (Beshkov 2001: 15) and Iskar Gorge (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1929: 169; Slivov 1968: 143). The species is included in the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC (Annex IV) and as NT/LC (near threatened/least concern) in the European Red List of Butterflies (van Swaay et al. 2010).

Parnassius (Parnassius) apollo (Linnaeus, 1758) Between Gorni Lom Village to Midzhur Peak, meadows in mixed wood, 1500 m, 43.41750°N, 22.69638°E, 14.vii.2009 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [SR12] 18.vi.2018, 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016, 09.vii.2015. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Village (Beshkov 2001: 15) and Iskar Gorge (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1929: 167; Slivov 1968: 143). The species included in the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC (Annex IV), CITES, Red Data Book of European butterflies (van Swaay & Warren 1999) and as NT/NT (near threatened) in the European Red List of Butterflies (van Swaay et al. 2010).

Pieridae Dismorphiinae *Leptidea duponcheli (Staudinger, 1871) [BG27] 20.vi.2016, 08.viii.2015; [BG37] 02.v.2014. New for the Bulgarian part of the mountain.

Leptidea sinapis (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG1] 25.vi.2016; [BG4] 15.vi.2018, 25.vi.2016; [BG5] 24.vi.2017; [BG6] 14.vi.2018, 24.vi.2016; [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 13.vi.2017, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG10] 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 11.vi.2017, 12.vi.2018, 21.vi.2017, 22.vi.2016; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018, 21.vi.2017; [BG16]; [BG17] 12.vi.2017; [BG23]; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 21.vii.2018, 09.viii.2015; [BG28] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2016; [BG29] 27.v.2016, 16.vi.2017; [BG30] 27.v.2016; [BG37] 30.vi.2012; [BG38] 02.v.2014, 19.vi.2017, 20.vi.2015, 30.vi.2012; [BG41] 21.vi.2016; [BG42]; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR2] 17.vi.2018, 27.vi.2016; [SR4] 25.vi.2017; [SR7] 08.vii.2015; [SR9] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017; [SR11]; [SR12] 18.vi.2018, 29.vi.2016; [SR13] 15.vi.2017, 19.vi.2018; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2016, 28.vi.2017. Widespread in the Bulgarian part of the mountain (Tuleschkow 1932: 308; Slivov 1968: 144; Abadjiev 2001: 58; Beshkov 2001: 15).

Pierinae Anthocharis cardamines (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG7] 13.vi.2017; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018; [BG37] Chepan Hill, NE of Dragoman (Beshkov, pers. comm.): 20.iv.2007, 16.v.2007; [BG38] 02.v.2014; [BG40] crossroad to Ponor Village (Beshkov, pers. comm.): 04.v.2002; [BG41] 30.iv.2017; [BG42]; [SR6] 14.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Gorni Lom Village and above Chiprovtsi (Beshkov 2001: 15) and Iskar Gorge (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1929: 178; Slivov 1968: 144).

*Euchloe (Euchloe) ausonia (Hübner, [1804]) [BG37] Chepan Hill, NE of Dragoman (Beshkov, pers. comm.): 10.vi.2007; Chepan Hill, near Petrovski Krust Top, limestone stony slopes with scattered shrubs, 1205 m, 03.vi.2007 (Beshkov, pers. comm.). New for the Western Stara Planina mountain

Pieris (Artogeia) rapae (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG1] 25.vi.2016; [BG6] 24.vi.2016; [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 14.vi.2018; [BG11] 12.vi.2018, 21.vi.2017; [BG12] 12.vi.2017; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018; [BG16]; [BG28] 01.vi.2016; [BG31]; [BG37] 21.vi.2016; [BG38]

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02.v.2014, 30.vi.2012; [BG39] 20.vi.2015; [BG41] 30.iv.2017; [SR1] 17.vi.2018; [SR7] 14.vi.2017, 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017; [SR9] 27.vi.2017; [SR11]; [SR12] 29.vi.2016; [SR13] 19.vi.2018; [SR18] 28.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 143; Beshkov 1996: 520; Abadjiev 2001: 85).

Pieris (Artogeia) mannii (Mayer, 1851) [BG28] 20.vi.2017; [BG37] 21.vi.2016; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 27.vi.2016; [SR2] 17.vi.2018; [SR12] 18.vi.2018, 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Mitrovtsi Village (Beshkov 2001: 15) and Iskar Gorge (Drenowski 1910: 124; Slivov 1968: 143; Abadjiev 2001: 85).

Pieris (Artogeia) ergane (Geyer, [1828]) [BG27] 20.vi.2016; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 23.vi.2015; [BG38] 19.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Chepan Hill (Drenowski 1910: 124).

Pieris (Artogeia) napi (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG1] 25.vi.2016; [BG4] 15.vi.2018, 25.vi.2016; [BG6] 14.vi.2018; [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 13.vi.2017, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG10] 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 12.vi.2018, 21.vi.2017; [BG12] 22.vi.2016; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018; [BG21] 13.vi.2018; [BG22] 23.vi.2016; [BG25] 01.vi.2016; [BG26] 01.vi.2016; [BG29] 20.vi.2016; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 23.vi.2015; [SR1] 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR2] 27.vi.2016; [SR6] 08.vii.2015; [SR7] 26.vi.2016; [SR12] 18.vi.2018, 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016, 09.vii.2015; [SR13] 19.vi.2018; [SR18] 19.vi.2018. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Midzhur Peak (Tuleschkow 1932: 308, as Pieris nani [sic!] L.), Petrohan Pass and above Gorni Lom Village (Beshkov 2001: 15) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 143; Abadjiev 2001: 88).

*Pieris (Artogeia) balcana Lorković, [1970] [BG6] 14.vi.2018; [BG7] 14.vi.2018; [SR12] 29.vi.2016. New for the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina mountain

*Pieris (Pieris) brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG1] 25.vi.2016; [BG7] 23.vi.2017; [BG11] 21.vi.2017; [BG17] 22.vi.2017; [BG21] 13.vi.2018; [BG24]; [BG29] 20.vi.2016; [BG38] 02.v.2014; [BG41] 21.vi.2016; [SR1] 27.vi.2016; [SR7] 26.vi.2016, 08.vii.2015; [SR9] 27.vi.2017; [SR10]; [SR12] 29.vi.2016. New for the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina mountain

Pontia edusa (Fabricius, 1777) [BG10] 23.vi.2017; [SR1] 26.vi.2017; [SR12] 18.vi.2018; [SR13] 28.vi.2017. Widespread in the Bulgarian part of the mountain (as Pieris daplidice L.: Buresch & Tuleschkow 1929: 176; Tuleschkow 1932: 308).

Aporia crataegi (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG4] 13.vi.2017, 15.vi.2018; [BG5] 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; [BG6] 24.vi.2016; [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 13.vi.2017, 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG10] 14.vi.2018; [BG11] 11.vi.2017, 12.vi.2018, 21.vi.2017, 22.vi.2016; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018, 21.vi.2017; [BG17] 12.vi.2017; [BG21] 10.vi.2014, 13.vi.2018; [BG23]; [BG24]; [BG25] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2016; [BG27] 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG28] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG29] 16.vi.2017, 18.vi.2017, 20.vi.2017; [BG30] 16.vi.2017, 20.vi.2016; [BG33]; [BG36]; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 23.vi.2015, 30.vi.2012; [BG38] 19.vi.2017, 20.vi.2015, 21.vi.2016, 30.vi.2012; [BG40] 19.vi.2017, 23.vi.2015; [BG41] 21.vi.2016; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR2] 27.vi.2016; [SR3] 14.vi.2017, 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR4] 14.vi.2017, 25.vi.2017; [SR5] 17.vi.2018; [SR7] 14.vi.2017, 25.vi.2017, 26.vi.2016, 08.vii.2015; [SR9] 15.vi.2017; [SR12] 18.vi.2018, 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016, 09.vii.2015; [SR13] 15.vi.2017, 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017; [SR15]; [SR16]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2016, 28.vi.2017.

132

LANGOUROV

Widespread in the Bulgarian part of the mountain (Tuleschkow 1932: 308; Buresch & Lazarow 1956: 145; Slivov 1968: 143; Abadjiev 2001: 77; Beshkov 2001: 15).

Coliadinae Colias croceus (Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785) [BG4] 25.vi.2016; [BG6] 24.vi.2016; [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 24.vi.2016; [BG9]; [BG11] 22.vi.2016; [BG12] 22.vi.2016; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018, 21.vi.2017; [BG14] 22.vi.2016; [BG17] 22.vi.2017; [BG23]; [BG27] 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017, 09.viii.2015, [BG28] 01.vi.2016; [BG29] 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG31]; [BG33]; [BG37] 02.v.2014, 21.vi.2016, 30.vi.2012; [BG38] 02.v.2014; [BG41] 21.vi.2016; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 27.vi.2016; [SR3] 27.vi.2016; [SR4] 25.vi.2017; [SR5] 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017; [SR7] 14.vi.2017, 25.vi.2017, 26.vi.2016, 08.vii.2015; [SR8] 08.vii.2015; [SR12] 18.vi.2018, 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016, 09.vii.2015; [SR13] 19.vi.2018; [SR18] 28.vi.2016, 28.vi.2017. Widespread in the Bulgarian part of the mountain (Tuleschkow 1932: 308, as Colias edusa F.; Slivov 1968: 144, as Colias edusa L. [sic!]; Mészáros 1986: 350; Beshkov 2001: 15).

Colias alfacariensis Ribbe, 1905 [BG11] 22.vi.2016; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017, 09.viii.2015; [BG29] 27.v.2016, 16.vi.2017; [BG33]; [BG34]; [SR13] 19.vi.2018; [SR15]; [SR17]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Sredogriv Village and Lyulyaka Hut (Abadjiev 2001: 69; Beshkov 2001: 15).

Gonepteryx rhamni (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG5] 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; [BG6] 24.vi.2016; [BG7] 13.vi.2017, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 22.vi.2016; [BG14] 21.vi.2017, 22.vi.2016; [BG18] 13.vi.2018; [BG20] 22.vi.2017; [BG23]; [BG27] 01.vi.2016; [BG30] 20.vi.2016; [BG37] 02.v.2014, 21.vi.2016, 23.vi.2015, 30.vi.2012; [BG38] 02.v.2014, 21.vi.2016; [BG41] 30.iv.2017, 21.vi.2016; [SR3] 25.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR5] 25.vi.2017; [SR13] 28.vi.2017; [SR18] 28.vi.2016, 07.vii.2015. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Lyulyaka Hut (Beshkov 1996: 521) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 144; Beshkov, 1996: 521).

Lycaenidae Lycaeninae Thecla betulae (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG7] 12.ix.2011 (Beshkov, pers. comm.). In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Gorni Lom Village (Abadjiev 2001: 109; Beshkov 2001: 15) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 149; Beshkov 2001: 15).

Favonius quercus (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG40] 31.vii.2009 (Beshkov, pers. comm.). In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Petrohan Pass (Nicholl 1900: 68) and Svoge in the Iskar Gorge (Drenowski 1910: 124).

Satyrium acaciae (Fabricius, 1787) [BG1] 13.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; [BG6] 24.vi.2016; [BG7] 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 22.vi.2016; [BG13]: 21.vi.2017; [BG24]; [BG27] 08.viii.2015; [BG29] 20.vi.2017; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 23.vi.2015, 30.vi.2012; [BG38] 20.vi.2015; [BG39] 20.vi.2015; [BG40] 19.vi.2017, 23.vi.2015; [SR9] 26.vi.2017; [SR12] 18.vi.2018; [SR15]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Petrohan Pass (Nicholl 1900: 68) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 149).

Satyrium ilicis (Esper, [1779]) [BG1] 25.vi.2016; [BG5] 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; [BG7] 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 22.vi.2016; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018; [BG14] 22.vi.2016; [BG20] 22.vi.2017; [BG38] 21.vi.2016; [SR1] 27.vi.2016; [SR2] 27.vi.2016; [SR3] 16.vi.2018; [SR5] 16.vi.2018; [SR12] 27.vi.2017; [SR18] 19.vi.2018. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 149).

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NEW DATA ON THE BUTTERFLIES OF WESTERN STARA PLANINA MTS.

Satyrium pruni (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG11] 11.vi.2017; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018; [BG37] Chepan Hill, NE of Dragoman (Beshkov, pers. comm.): 03.vi.2007, 10.vi.2007; [BG38] 20.vi.2015. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Rebrovo Village in the Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 149).

Satyrium spini ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) [BG6] 23.vi.2017; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 23.vi.2015, 30.vi.2012; [BG38] 20.vi.2015; [BG40] 23.vi.2015; [SR17]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2016, 28.vi.2017, 07.vii.2015. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 149).

Callophrys rubi (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG4] 15.vi.2018; [BG5] 24.vi.2017; [BG6] 23.vi.2017; [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 13.vi.2017, 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018; [BG22] 23.vi.2016; [BG23]; [BG26] 27.v.2016; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG28] 01.vi.2016; [BG29] 20.vi.2017; [BG33]; [BG37] 21.vi.2016; [SR1] 27.vi.2016; [SR3] 25.vi.2017; [SR5] 16.vi.2018; [SR7] 14.vi.2017, 25.vi.2017, 26.vi.2016; [SR8] 26.vi.2016; [SR18] 28.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Belogradchik (Abadjiev 2001: 111; Beshkov 2001: 16) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 149).

Lycaena (Lycaena) phlaeas (Linnaeus, 1761) [BG1] 25.vi.2016; [BG4] 25.vi.2016; [BG6] 24.vi.2016; [BG7] 23.vi.2017; [BG10] 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 21.vi.2017, 22.vi.2016; [BG13]: 12.vi.2017; [BG14] 22.vi.2016; [BG21] 13.vi.2018; [BG34]; [SR2] 27.vi.2016; [SR12] 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Gorni Lom Village and Duplyak border post (Tuleschkow 1932: 308) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 149).

Lycaena (Helleia) helle ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) [BG21] 10.vi.2014, 13.vi.2018; [BG22] 12.vi.2017, 22.vi.2017, 23.vi.2016. The only place in the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts where the species occurs (Popović et al. 2014; Kolev & Shtinkov 2015). The species is included in the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC (Annexes II and IV), Red Data Book of European butterflies (van Swaay & Warren 1999) and as EN/LC (endangered/least concern) in the European Red List of Butterflies (van Swaay et al. 2010).

Lycaena (Thersamolycaena) dispar ([Haworth], 1802) [BG11] 12.vi.2018; [BG12] 22.vi.2016; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018; [BG14] 21.vi.2017; Dolno Ozirovo Village, suburban/ ruderal, 284 m, 43.23805°N, 23.34750°E, 24.v.2012 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); Vratsata near Zgorigrad, limestone rocks/ riverbank wood, 460 m, 19.v.1986 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [BG27] 20.vi.2017; [BG29] 20.vi.2016; Manastirishte near Buchin prohod Village, mesophilous meadows, 720 m, 23.vi.2002 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [BG39] near Aldomirovtsi marsh (Beshkov, pers. comm.): 14.vii.2010, 22.viii.2010; [SR9] 18.vi.2018; [SR12] 29.vi.2016; [SR13] 28.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 149). The species is included in the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC (Annexes II and IV).

Lycaena (Thersamolycaena) virgaureae (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG4] 25.vi.2016; [BG5] 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; [BG7] 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG10] 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 12.vi.2018, 21.vi.2017, 22.vi.2016; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018; [BG14] 22.vi.2016; [BG17] 22.vi.2017; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR12] 18.vi.2018, 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016; [SR17]. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Martinova Chuka and Duplyak border posts (Tuleschkow 1932: 308), above Gorni Lom Village (Beshkov 2001: 15) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 149).

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LANGOUROV

Lycaena (Paleochrysophanus) candens (Herrich-Schäffer, [1844]) [BG17] 22.vi.2017; [BG20] 23.vi.2016; [BG21] 13.vi.2018; [BG30] 10.vi.2018; near Gintsi Village, mesophilous meadows, 1250 m, 43.10889°N, 23.09916°E, 13.vii.2009 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); Manastirishte near Buchin prohod Village, mesophilous meadows, 720 m, 23.vi.2002 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [SR1] 17.vi.2018; [SR3] 14.vi.2017, 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR5] 16.vi.2018, 17.vi.2018, 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2017, 26.vi.2016, 08.vii.2015; [SR7] 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017, 26.vi.2016, 08.vii.2015; [SR8] 26.vi.2016; [SR13] 15.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Kom Peak (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1930: 154, as Chrysophanus hippothoë L.) and Rebrovo Village in the Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 149, as Chrysophanus hippothoe L.).

Lycaena (Alciphronia) alciphron (Rottemburg, 1775) [BG4] 15.vi.2018, 25.vi.2016; [BG5] 25.vi.2016; [BG7] 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG10] 23.vi.2017; [BG11] 12.vi.2018, 21.vi.2017, 22.vi.2016; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018; [BG14] 22.vi.2016; [BG16]; [BG18] 13.vi.2018; [BG27] 20.vi.2017, 21.vii.2018; [BG29] 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG30] 20.vi.2016; [BG37] 23.vi.2015; [BG40] 23.vi.2015; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017; [SR3] 25.vi.2017; [SR5] 16.vi.2018; [SR9] 15.vi.2017, 17.vi.2018; [SR12] 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016; [SR13] 28.vi.2017; [SR17]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 07.vii.2015. Widespread in the Bulgarian part of the mountain (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1930: 154; Tuleschkow 1932: 308; Slivov 1968: 149; Beshkov 2001: 15). The species included as LC/NT (least concern/near threatened) in the European Red List of Butterflies (van Swaay et al. 2010).

Lycaena (Thersamonia) thersamon (Esper, [1784]) [BG11] 22.vi.2016. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Borovitsa Village (Abadjiev 2001: 107), Vratsa (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1930: 152) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 149).

Lycaena (Loweia) tityrus (Poda, 1761) [BG1] 25.vi.2016; [BG6] 23.vi.2017; [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 14.vi.2018; [BG17] 22.vi.2017; [BG29] 16.vi.2017, 18.vi.2017; [SR1] 17.vi.2018; [SR2] 14.vi.2017; [SR3] 25.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Vratsa (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1930: 156, as Chrysophanus dorilis Hufn.) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 150, as Chrysophanus dorilis Hufn.).

Leptotes pirithous (Linnaeus, 1767) [BG27] 21.vii.2018; [BG41] 26.vii.2008 (Beshkov, pers. comm.). In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Chiprovtsi (Abadjiev 2001: 120) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 150).

Celastrina argiolus (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG1] 25.vi.2016; [BG4] 15.vi.2018, 25.vi.2016; [BG5] 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; [BG6] 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG7] 13.vi.2017, 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG10] 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 12.vi.2018, 21.vi.2017, 22.vi.2016; [BG12] 12.vi.2017; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018; [BG14] 21.vi.2017, 22.vi.2016; [BG16]; [BG17] 22.vi.2017; [BG22] 22.vi.2017; [BG38] 02.v.2014; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 27.vi.2016; [SR2] 17.vi.2018, 27.vi.2016; [SR7] 25.vi.2017; [SR9] 15.vi.2017, 26.vi.2017; [SR10]; [SR12] 29.vi.2016, 09.vii.2015; [SR13] 15.vi.2017; [SR14]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Mitrovtsi Village (Abadjiev 2001: 128; Beshkov 2001: 16), Vratsa (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1930: 177) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 151).

Everes alcetas (Hoffmannsegg, 1804) [BG14] 22.vi.2016. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Iskrets Village (Ganev & Bocharov 1982: 105).

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NEW DATA ON THE BUTTERFLIES OF WESTERN STARA PLANINA MTS.

Everes argiades (Pallas, 1771) [BG4] 15.vi.2018, 25.vi.2016; [BG6] 14.vi.2018; [BG10] 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 21.vi.2017, 22.vi.2016; [SR9] 15.vi.2017, 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Oreshets, Sredogriv Village (Abadjiev 2001: 124) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 150).

*Cupido osiris (Meigen, [1829]) [BG25] 01.vi.2016; [BG26] 27.v.2016; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2016, 21.vii.2018; [BG28] 01.vi.2016; [BG29] 16.vi.2017, 18.vi.2017, 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG37] Chepan Hill, NE of Dragoman (Beshkov, pers. comm.): 16.v.2007, 02.vi.2007, 11.vi.2007; [SR9] 17.vi.2018; [SR17]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017, 07.vii.2015. New for the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina mountain

Cupido minimus (Fuessly, 1775) [BG10] 23.vi.2017; [BG22] 23.vi.2016; [BG25] 01.vi.2016; [BG26] 01.vi.2016; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2016, 21.vii.2018, 08.viii.2015; [BG28] 01.vi.2016; [BG29] 27.v.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG37] 21.vi.2016; [BG30] 27.v.2016, 20.vi.2016; [BG31]; [BG41] 21.vi.2016; [SR2] 27.vi.2016; [SR9] 26.vi.2017; [SR12] 18.vi.2018, 29.vi.2016; [SR13] 15.vi.2017; [SR16]; [SR17]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017, 07.vii.2015. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Batuliya Village in the Iskar Gorge (Ganev 1983: 58).

Maculinea arion (Linnaeus, 1758) [SR2] 17.vi.2018; [SR9] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017; [SR12] 18.vi.2018, 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016; [SR18] 19.vi.2018. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 151). The species is included in the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC (Annex IV), Red Data Book of European butterflies (van Swaay & Warren 1999) and as EN/EN (endangered) in the European Red List of Butterflies (van Swaay et al. 2010).

*Maculinea alcon ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) [BG27] 20.vi.2017; [BG37] 30.vi.2012; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2016, 28.vi.2017. New for the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina mountain The species is included in the Red Data Book of European butterflies (van Swaay & Warren 1999) and as LC/NT (least concern/near threatened) in the European Red List of Butterflies (van Swaay et al. 2010).

Glaucopsyche alexis (Poda, 1761) Varbovska Glama near Varbovo Village, limestone slope with deciduous trees, 517 m, 43.55556°N, 22.66527°E, 30.iv.2007 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [BG7] 13.vi.2017; [BG11] 11.vi.2017; [BG25] 01.vi.2016; [BG26] 01.vi.2016; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG28] 01.vi.2016; [BG29] 27.v.2016, 16.vi.2017, 18.vi.2017, 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG30] 27.v.2016; [BG31]; [BG34]; [BG37] Chepan Hill, NE of Dragoman (Beshkov, pers. comm.): 16.v.2007, 02.vi.2007, 10.vi.2007; [BG41] 30.iv.2017; [BG42]; [SR7] 16.vi.2018; [SR9] 15.vi.2017; [SR12] 18.vi.2018; [SR13] 15.vi.2017; [SR18] 19.vi.2018. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Iskar Gorge (as Lycaena cyllarus Rott.: Buresch & Tuleschkow 1930: 175; Slivov 1968: 151). The species is included in the Red Data Book of European butterflies (van Swaay & Warren 1999).

Scolitantides orion (Pallas, 1771) [BG1] 13.vi.2017, 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; [BG7] 11.vi.2014; [BG29] 20.vi.2016; [SR2] 27.vi.2016; [SR11]; [SR12] 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Belogradchik, Gara Oreshets, Mitrovtsi Village (Abadjiev 2001: 131; Beshkov 2001: 16) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 150). The species is included in the Red Data Book of European butterflies (van Swaay & Warren 1999) and as LC/NT (least concern/near threatened) in the European Red List of Butterflies (van Swaay et al. 2010).

136

LANGOUROV

Pseudophilotes vicrama (Moore, 1865) [BG10] 23.vi.2017; [BG26] 27.v.2016; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 21.vii.2018, 08.viii.2015, 09.viii.2015; [BG28] 01.vi.2016; [BG29] 27.v.2016; [BG37] 16.v.2007, 10.vi.2007 (Beshkov, pers. comm.), 21.vi.2016, 23.vi.2015; [BG38] 28.vi.2012 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [BG39] 14.vii.2010 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [BG40] 23.vi.2015; [BG42]; [SR9] 26.vi.2017; [SR12] 27.vi.2017, 09.vii.2015. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Vratsa (Drenowski 1907b: 7, as Lycaena baton Brgstr.) and Iskrets Village (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1930: 162, as Lycaena orion according Abadjiev 2001: 129-130). The species is included in the Red Data Book of European butterflies (van Swaay & Warren 1999) and as NT/NT (near threatened) in the European Red List of Butterflies (van Swaay et al. 2010).

Plebejus (Plebejides) sephirus (Frivaldszky, 1835) [BG7] 24.vi.2016; [BG25] 01.vi.2016; [BG26] 01.vi.2016; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2016; [BG28] 01.vi.2016; [BG34]; [BG37] Chepan Hill, NE of Dragoman (Beshkov, pers. comm.): 16.v.2007, 27.v.2007, 02.vi.2007; [SR1] 17.vi.2018; [SR12] 09.vii.2015. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously known from Petrohan Pass (Nicholl 1900: 68), Beledie Han Village (Ganev 1983: 58) and Dragoman (Abadjiev 2001: 139). The species is included as NT/NE (near threatened/not endangered) in the European Red List of Butterflies (van Swaay et al. 2010 as Plebejus pylaon).

Plebejus (Plebejus) argus (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG7] 14.vi.2018; [BG9]; [BG11] 11.vi.2017; [BG23]; [BG24]; [BG25] 20.vi.2016; [BG26] 01.vi.2016; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017, 08.viii.2015, 09.viii.2015; [BG28] 01.vi.2016; [BG29] 18.vi.2017, 20.vi.2016; [BG30] 27.v.2016; [BG33]; [BG35]; [BG37] 30.vi.2012; [BG38] 20.vi.2015; [BG39] 20.vi.2015; [BG40] 23.vi.2015; [BG41] 21.vi.2016; [SR2] 27.vi.2016; [SR3] 27.vi.2016; [SR7] 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017, 08.vii.2015; [SR8] 26.vi.2016; [SR9] 15.vi.2017, 26.vi.2017; [SR12] 18.vi.2018, 29.vi.2016; [SR13] 15.vi.2017, 19.vi.2018, 09.vii.2015; [SR15]; [SR17]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 07.vii.2015. Widespread in the Bulgarian part of the mountain (Nicholl 1900: 68; Tuleschkow 1932: 308; Slivov 1968: 150; Abadjiev 2001: 141).

Plebejus (Plebejus) idas (Linnaeus, 1761) [BG7] 14.vi.2018; [BG28] 20.vi.2017; [BG29] 20.vi.2017; near Gintsi Village, mesophilous meadows, 1250 m, 43.10889°N, 23.09916°E, 13.vii.2009 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [SR3] 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017; [SR9] 15.vi.2017, 26.vi.2017; [SR11]; [SR12] 29.vi.2016; [SR18] 28.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Sredogriv Village only (Beshkov 2001: 16).

Plebejus (Plebejus) argyrognomon (Bergsträsser, [1779]) Varbovska Glama near Varbovo Village, limestone slope with deciduous trees, 517 m, 43.55556°N, 22.66527°E, 30.iv.2007 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [BG4] 15.vi.2018; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 08.viii.2015, 09.viii.2015; [BG29] 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG30] 20.vi.2016; [BG37] 02.vi.2007, 10.vi.2007 (Beshkov, pers. comm.), 23.vi.2015; [BG39] 14.vii.2010 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [BG41] 21.vi.2016; [SR1] 26.vi.2017; [SR9] 15.vi.2017, 26.vi.2017; [SR12] 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016; [SR17]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2016, 07.vii.2015. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Belogradchik (Abadjiev 2001: 143; Beshkov 2001: 16), Dragoman Marsh, Varbovo Village (Beshkov 2011: 98, fig. 34 & 35; 144, fig. 7) and Cherepish railway station in the Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 150).

Plebejus (Aricia) artaxerxes (Fabricius, 1793) [BG4] 13.vi.2017; [BG7] 13.vi.2017, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG10] 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 11.vi.2017; [BG13]: 12.vi.2017, 22.vi.2017; [BG15]; [BG17] 12.vi.2017; [BG18] 13.vi.2018; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2016, 21.vii.2018; [BG29] 27.v.2016; [SR1] 26.vi.2017; [SR3] 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017; [SR7] 14.vi.2017; [SR9] 26.vi.2017; [SR11]; [SR12] 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016; [SR13] 19.vi.2018. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from above Gorni Lom Village only (Beshkov 2011: 99, fig. 37 & 38). In the region is situated the lowest record for the country – near Zhelezna Village at 380 m a.s.l.

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Plebejus (Aricia) agestis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) [BG1] 25.vi.2016; [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 14.vi.2018; [BG10] 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG28] 01.vi.2016; [BG29] 20.vi.2017; [BG33]; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 23.vi.2015; [BG41] 21.vi.2016; [BG42]; [SR2] 27.vi.2016; [SR9] 26.vi.2017; [SR12] 18.vi.2018. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Belogradchik (Abadjiev 2001: 146; Beshkov 2001: 16), Vratsa (Abadjiev 2001: 146) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 150, as Lycaena astrarche Brgstr.).

*Plebejus (Eumedonia) eumedon (Esper, [1780]) [BG7] 11.vi.2014; [BG17] 12.vi.2017. 22.vi.2017; [BG22] 23.vi.2016; [BG27] 20.vi.2016; Manastirishte near Buchin prohod Village, mesophilous meadows, 720 m, 23.vi.2002 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [BG37] 10.vi.2007 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [SR12] 18.vi.2018. New for the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina mountain

Plebejus (Ultraaricia) anteros (Freyer, [1838]) [BG7] 11.vi.2014; Petrohan Pass, marshland with Sphagnum, 1500 m, 17.vii.2004 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2016; [BG29] 16.vi.2017, 18.vi.2017, 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG37] 21.vi.2016; [SR3] 14.vi.2017; [SR12] 18.vi.2018, 29.vi.2016; [SR18] 19.vi.2018. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Salash Village (Abadjiev 2001: 149; Beshkov 2001: 16), Iskrets Village (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1930: 164) and railway station (Slivov 1968: 150). The species is included as NT/LC (near threatened/least concern) in the European Red List of Butterflies (van Swaay et al. 2010).

Polyommatus (Cyaniris) semiargus (Rottemburg, 1775) [BG5] 24.vi.2017; [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 13.vi.2017, 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 11.vi.2017, 21.vi.2017; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018; [BG16]; [BG17] 22.vi.2017; [BG21] 13.vi.2018; [BG22] 23.vi.2016; [BG25] 01.vi.2016; [BG26] 01.vi.2016; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017, 21.vii.2018; [BG28] 20.vi.2017; [BG29] 27.v.2016, 18.vi.2017, 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG30] 16.vi.2017, 20.vi.2016; [BG33]; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017; [SR3] 16.vi.2018, 27.vi.2016; [SR5] 14.vi.2017, 16.vi.2018; [SR7] 26.vi.2016, 08.vii.2015; [SR9] 17.vi.2018; [SR12] 18.vi.2018, 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016, 09.vii.2015; [SR13] 15.vi.2017, 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017; [SR17]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2016, 28.vi.2017, 07.vii.2015. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Kom Peak (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1930: 174), above Gorni Lom Village (Abadjiev 2001: 150; Beshkov 2001: 16), Manastirishte Village (Beshkov 2011: 34, fig. 12 & 13) and Iskar Gorge (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1930: 174; Slivov 1968: 151).

*Polyommatus (Plebicula) amandus (Schneider, [1792]) [BG4] 13.vi.2017, 25.vi.2017; [BG5] 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; Varbovska Glama near Varbovo Village, limestone slope with deciduous trees, 517 m, 43.55556°N, 22.66527°E, 30.iv.2007 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 13.vi.2017, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG10] 24.vi.2016; [BG12] 12.vi.2017; [BG11] 11.vi.2017; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018; [BG17] 12.vi.2017; [BG25] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2016; [BG26] 01.vi.2016; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG28] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG29] 27.v.2016, 18.vi.2017, 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; Manastirishte near Buchin prohod Village, mesophilous meadows, 720 m, 23.vi.2002 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [BG34]; [BG36]; [BG37] Chepan Hill, NE of Dragoman (Beshkov, pers. comm.): 27.v.2007, 02.vi.2007, 10.vi.2007; [BG38] 20.vi.2015; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR3] 14.vi.2017, 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR7] 25.vi.2017; [SR9] 15.vi.2017, 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2017; [SR11]; [SR12] 18.vi.2018, 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016; [SR13] 15.vi.2017, 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017, 09.vii.2015; [SR15]; [SR16]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017. New for the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina mountain

Polyommatus (Plebicula) dorylas ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) [BG27] 21.vii.2018, 09.viii.2015; [BG37] 23.vi.2015; [SR13] 15.vi.2017; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017, 07.vii.2015. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Petrohan Pass (Drenowski 1928: 49) and Chepan Hill (Beshkov 2011: 87-88, fig. 25 & 29).

138

LANGOUROV

The species is included as NT/NT (near threatened) in the European Red List of Butterflies (van Swaay et al. 2010).

Polyommatus (Plebicula) thersites (Cantener, [1835]) [BG14] 22.vi.2016; [BG25] 01.vi.2016; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 21.vii.2018; [BG28] 01.vi.2016; [BG29] 27.v.2016, 20.vi.2016; [BG37] 21.vi.2016; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2016. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Gara Oreshets only (Abadjiev 2001: 156).

Polyommatus (Polyommatus) icarus (Rottemburg, 1775) [BG5] 25.vi.2016; [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017; [BG9]; [BG10] 23.vi.2017; [BG11] 12.vi.2018; [BG12] 12.vi.2017; [BG14] 22.vi.2016; [BG17] 12.vi.2017; [BG23]; [BG25] 20.vi.2016; [BG26] 27.v.2016; [BG27] 20.vi.2016, 21.vii.2018, 08.viii.2015; [BG28] 01.vi.2016; [BG29] 27.v.2016, 16.vi.2017, 20.vi.2016; [BG30] 27.v.2016, 16.vi.2017, 20.vi.2016; [BG36]; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 23.vi.2015, 30.vi.2012; [BG38] 02.v.2014, 20.vi.2015; [BG41] 21.vi.2016; [SR3] 14.vi.2017; [SR4] 14.vi.2017, 25.vi.2017; [SR5] 16.vi.2018; [SR12] 18.vi.2018, 29.vi.2016; [SR13] 15.vi.2017, 28.vi.2017; [SR18] 28.vi.2016. Widespread in the Bulgarian part of the mountain (Tuleschkow 1932: 308; Slivov 1968: 150; Abadjiev 2001: 141; Beshkov 2001: 16).

Polyommatus (Polyommatus) eros (Ochsenheimer, [1808]) [BG4] 24.vi.2017; [BG5] 24.vi.2017; [BG7] 14.vi.2018; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018; [BG14] 22.vi.2016; [BG18] 13.vi.2018; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG29] 20.vi.2017; [BG30] 10.vi.2018; [BG37] 23.vi.2015; [BG40] 19.vi.2017, 23.vi.2015; [SR5] 16.vi.2018, 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2017, 08.vii.2015; [SR6] 08.vii.2015; [SR7] 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017, 26.vi.2016, 08.vii.2015; [SR8] 26.vi.2016; [SR13] 15.vi.2017; [SR16]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Kom Peak, above Gorni Lom Village (Abadjiev 2001: 156; Beshkov 2001: 16), Chepan Hill and Manastirishte Village (Beshkov 2011: 83, fig. 1- 4). In the region is situated the lowest record for the country – above Stakevtsi at 580 m a.s.l. The species is included in the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC (Annex II), Red Data Book of European butterflies (van Swaay & Warren 1999) and as NT/NT (near threatened) in the European Red List of Butterflies (van Swaay et al. 2010).

Polyommatus (Meleageria) daphnis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) [BG10] 23.vi.2017; [BG27] 21.vii.2018, 09.viii.2015; [BG38] 20.vi.2015; [SR9] 26.vi.2017; [SR12] 18.vi.2018, 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016, 09.vii.2015; [SR17]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 07.vii.2015. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Mitrovtsi Village (Abadjiev 2001: 160; Beshkov 2001: 16), Petrohan Pass (Rebel 1903: 191) and Iskar Gorge (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1930: 167; Slivov 1968: 150).

Polyommatus (Lysandra) bellargus (Rottemburg, 1775) [BG25] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2016; [BG26] 27.v.2016; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 21.vii.2018, 08.viii.2015; [BG28] 01.vi.2016; [BG29] 20.vi.2016; [BG30] 20.vi.2016; [BG33]; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 23.vi.2015; [BG38] 19.vi.2017, 20.vi.2015, 21.vi.2016; [BG41] 21.vi.2016; [SR1] 27.vi.2016. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Sredogriv Village (Abadjiev 2001: 162; Beshkov 2001: 16) and Iskar Gorge (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1930: 169; Gogov & Loukov 1964: 151; Slivov 1968: 150).

Polyommatus (Lysandra) coridon (Poda, 1761) [BG27] 21.vii.2018, 08.viii.2015; Chepan Hill, near Petrovski Krust Top, limestone stony slopes with scattered shrubs, 1100 m, 16.ix.2007 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [BG41] 26.vii.2008 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [SR12] 18.vi.2018. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Belogradchik, Breze Village (Abadjiev 2001: 163; Beshkov 2001: 16), Lakatnik and Cherepish railway stations in the Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 150).

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Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) ripartii (Freyer, 1830) [BG27] 21.vii.2018, 08.viii.2015, 09.viii.2015; [BG37] 30.vi.2012; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 07.vii.2015. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Kalotina and Breze villages (Abadjiev 2001: 169; Beshkov 2001: 16), Petrohan Pass (Bachmetjew 1902: 403) and Lakatnik railway station in the Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 150). The species is included as LC/NT (least concern/near threatened) in the European Red List of Butterflies (van Swaay et al. 2010).

Riodinidae Hamearis lucina (Linnaeus, 1758) near Falkovets Village, deciduous trees, 226 m, 43.58778°N, 22.77444°E, 19.iv.2012 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [BG29] 20.vi.2017; [SR3] 25.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Midzhur Peak (Abadjiev 2001: 95; Beshkov 2001: 15), Petrohan Pass (Rebel 1903: 182), Romcha Village and Cherepish railway station in the Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 148).

Nymphalidae Satyrinae Melanargia galathea (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG1] 25.vi.2016; [BG4] 15.vi.2018, 25.vi.2016; [BG5] 24.vi.2017; [BG6] 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG7] 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG10] 14.vi.2018, 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 12.vi.2018, 21.vi.2017, 22.vi.2016; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018, 21.vi.2017; [BG14] 22.vi.2016; [BG15]; [BG23]; [BG27] 20.vi.2017, 08.viii.2015, 09.viii.2015; [BG29] 20.vi.2016; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 23.vi.2015, 30.vi.2012; [BG38] 20.vi.2015, 21.vi.2016, 30.vi.2012; [BG39] 20.vi.2015; [BG40] 19.vi.2017, 23.vi.2015; [BG41] 21.vi.2016; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR2] 27.vi.2016; [SR3] 25.vi.2017; [SR9] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017, 28.vi.2016; [SR12] 18.vi.2018, 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016, 09.vii.2015; [SR13] 19.vi.2018; [SR17]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2016, 28.vi.2017, 07.vii.2015. Widespread in the Bulgarian part of the mountain - known from Belogradchik, Mitrovtsi Village (Abadjiev 2001: 216; Beshkov 2001: 19), Duplyak border post (Tuleschkow 1932: 308), Vratsa (Abadjiev 2001: 216) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 144).

Erebia ligea (Linnaeus, 1758) near Gintsi Village, mesophilous meadows, 1250 m, 43.10889°N, 23.09916°E, 13.vii.2009 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [SR13] 19.vi.2018; [SR14]. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Martinova Chuka border post (Tuleschkow 1932: 308), Gorni Lom Village (Abadjiev 2001: 198; Beshkov 2001: 18), Kom Peak (Drenowski 1909: 36; Buresch & Tuleschkow 1929: 227) and Rebrovo Village in the Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 144).

Erebia euryale (Esper, [1805]) near Gintsi Village, mesophilous meadows, 1250 m, 43.10889°N, 23.09916°E, 13.vii.2009 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); between Petrohan Pass to Kom Peak, meadows above mixed wood, 1560 m, 43.14944°N, 23.10361°E, 13.vii.2009 (Beshkov, pers. comm.). In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Kom Peak (Drenowski 1909: 36; Abadjiev 2001: 200; Beshkov 2001: 18).

Erebia orientalis Elwes, 1900 Between Gorni Lom Village to Midzhur Peak, meadows in mixed wood, 1500 m, 43.41750°N, 22.69638°E, 14.vii.2009 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [BG20] 22.vi.2017; [BG21] 13.vi.2018; [BG22] 23.vi.2016; near Gintsi Village, mesophilous meadows, 1250 m, 43.10889°N, 23.09916°E, 13.vii.2009 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); between Petrohan Pass to Kom Peak, meadows above mixed wood, 1560 m, 43.14944°N, 23.10361°E, 13.vii.2009 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [SR5] 14.vi.2017, 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017, 26.vi.2016; [SR7] 14.vi.2017, 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017, 26.vi.2016; [SR8] 26.vi.2016. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Midzhur (Tuleschkow 1932: 308) and Kom Peaks (Abadjiev 2001: 201; Beshkov 2001: 18).

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Erebia alberganus (de Prunner, 1798) [BG5] 25.vi.2016; [BG17] 22.vi.2017; [BG18] 13.vi.2018; [BG27] 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG29] 20.vi.2017; Petrohan Pass, marshland with Sphagnum, 1500 m, 17.vii.2004 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); near Gintsi Village, mesophilous meadows, 1250 m, 43.10889°N, 23.09916°E, 13.vii.2009 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); Manastirishte near Buchin prohod Village, mesophilous meadows, 23.vi.2002 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [SR1] 17.vi.2018; [SR3] 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017; [SR5] 16.vi.2018, 17.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017, 26.vi.2016; [SR7] 16.vi.2018, 26.vi.2016, 08.vii.2015; [SR13] 15.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Gorni Lom Village and Petrohan Pass (Abadjiev 2001: 206; Beshkov 2001: 19). Here is situated the lowest record for the country – above Stakevtsi at 780 m a.s.l.

Erebia medusa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) [BG5] 24.vi.2017; [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 13.vi.2017; [BG17] 12.vi.2017; [BG18] 12.vi.2017; [BG19]; [BG20] 22.vi.2017, 23.vi.2016; [BG26] 27.v.2016; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG28] 01.vi.2016; [BG29] 16.vi.2017, 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG30] 20.vi.2016; [BG31]; [BG33]; [BG34]; [SR3] 14.vi.2017, 25.vi.2017; [SR5] 14.vi.2017, 25.vi.2017; [SR6] 08.vii.2015; [SR7] 14.vi.2017, 25.vi.2017, 26.vi.2016; [SR8] 08.vii.2015; [SR12] 27.vi.2017; [SR13] 15.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Midzhur and Kom Peaks, Petrohan Pass, above Gorni Lom Village and Chiprovtsi (Abadjiev 2001: 204; Beshkov 2001: 18). The species is included in the Red Data Book of European butterflies (van Swaay & Warren 1999).

*Erebia aethiops (Esper, [1777]) [BG5] 25.vi.2016; Between Gorni Lom Village to Midzhur Peak, meadows in mixed wood, 1040 m, 43.41750°N, 22.69638°E, 14.vii.2009 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [BG27] 21.vii.2018. New for the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina mountain. A doubtful record from Kom-Todorini Kukli Peaks region (Drenowsky 1909: 36).

Erebia ottomana Herrich-Schäffer, [1847] Between Gorni Lom Village to Midzhur Peak, meadows in mixed wood, 1275 m, 43.41000°N, 22.68583°E, 14.vii.2009 (Beshkov, pers. comm.). In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Kom Peak (Drenowsky 1907: 584, as Erebia tyndarus Esp.).

Erebia oeme (Hübner, [1804]) [BG19]; [BG20] 22.vi.2017, 23.vi.2016; near Gintsi Village, mesophilous meadows, 1250 m, 43.10889°N, 23.09916°E, 13.vii.2009 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); between Petrohan Pass to Kom Peak, meadows above mixed wood, 1560 m, 43.14944°N, 23.10361°E, 13.vii.2009 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [BG27] 09.viii.2015; [BG40] 23.vi.2015; [SR5] 16.vi.2018, 26.vi.2016; [SR6] 08.vii.2015; [SR7] 16.vi.2018, 26.vi.2016, 08.vii.2015; [SR8] 08.vii.2015. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Kom Peak only (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1929: 222). In the region is situated the lowest record for the country – near Ponor Village and situated at about 900 m a.s.l.

Coenonympha arcania (Linnaeus, 1761) [BG4] 15.vi.2018, 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; [BG5] 24.vi.2017; [BG6] 24.vi.2016; [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 13.vi.2017, 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG10] 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 21.vi.2017, 22.vi.2016; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018; [BG14] 21.vi.2017, 22.vi.2016; [BG17] 12.vi.2017, 22.vi.2017; [BG23]; [BG24]; [BG27] 20.vi.2017, 21.vii.2018; [BG29] 20.vi.2016; [BG33]; [BG36]; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 23.vi.2015, 30.vi.2012; [BG38] 19.vi.2017, 20.vi.2015; [BG40] 19.vi.2017, 23.vi.2015; [BG41] 21.vi.2016; [SR1] 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR2] 27.vi.2016; [SR3] 16.vi.2018; [SR7] 08.vii.2015; [SR9] 17.vi.2018; [SR12] 29.vi.2016; [SR13] 19.vi.2018; [SR17]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2016, 28.vi.2017, 07.vii.2015. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Belogradchik (Abadjiev 2001: 183; Beshkov 2001: 18) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 146).

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Coenonympha leander (Esper, [1784]) [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 14.vi.2018; [BG17] 12.vi.2017; [BG21] 13.vi.2018; [BG27] 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG29] 16.vi.2017, 18.vi.2017, 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG30] 20.vi.2016; [BG33]; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 23.vi.2015; [BG40] 19.vi.2017, 23.vi.2015; [SR5] 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2017; [SR7] 14.vi.2017, 25.vi.2017, 26.vi.2016; [SR8] 26.vi.2016; [SR12] 18.vi.2018; [SR13] 15.vi.2017; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Bov railway station, Romcha and Rebrovo villages in the Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 146).

Coenonympha glycerion (Borkhausen, 1788) [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 13.vi.2017; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018, 21.vi.2017; [BG16]; [BG17] 12.vi.2017, 22.vi.2017; [BG18] 13.vi.2018; [BG29] 20.vi.2016; [BG30] 20.vi.2016; [BG40] 19.vi.2017, 23.vi.2015; [SR1] 17.vi.2018; [SR3] 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017; [SR5] 16.vi.2018; [SR9] 26.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Gorni Lom Village and Kom Peak (Abadjiev 2001: 184; Beshkov 2001: 18), and Lakatnik railway station, Romcha and Rebrovo villages in the Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 145, as Coenonympha iphis Schiff.).

Coenonympha pamphilus (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG1] 25.vi.2016; [BG4] 15.vi.2018, 25.vi.2016; [BG6] 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 13.vi.2017, 23.vi.2017; [BG10] 14.vi.2018; [BG11] 12.vi.2018, 21.vi.2017, 22.vi.2016; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018; [BG14] 22.vi.2016; [BG16]; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG29] 16.vi.2017, 18.vi.2017, 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG30] 20.vi.2016; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 23.vi.2015, 30.vi.2012; [BG38] 19.vi.2017, 20.vi.2015, 21.vi.2016, 30.vi.2012; [BG39] 20.vi.2015; [BG40] 19.vi.2017, 23.vi.2015; [BG42]; [SR1] 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR3] 16.vi.2018; [SR9] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017; [SR12] 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016; [SR17]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2016, 28.vi.2017, 07.vii.2015. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Vratsa (Abadjiev 2001: 188) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 146; Abadjiev 2001: 188).

Coenonympha rhodopensis Elwes, 1900 [BG19]; [BG20] 22.vi.2017, 23.vi.2016; [BG21] 13.vi.2018; [BG22] 23.vi.2016; [SR5] 16.vi.2018, 17.vi.2018, 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2017, 26.vi.2016, 08.vii.2015; [SR6] 08.vii.2015; [SR7] 14.vi.2017, 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017, 26.vi.2016; [SR8] 26.vi.2016, 08.vii.2015. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Todorini Kukli and Kom Peaks (Drenowski 1907a: 587; Buresch & Tuleschkow 1929: 248), above Gorni Lom Village and Petrohan Pass (Abadjiev 2001: 186; Beshkov 2001: 18).

Kirinia (Kirinia) roxelana (Cramer, [1777]) [BG6] 14.vi.2018; [BG7] 14.vi.2018; [BG10] 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 12.vi.2018; [BG13]: 21.vi.2017; [BG23]; [BG24]; [BG37] 21.vi.2016; [BG41] 21.vi.2016. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from (Bachmetjew 1902: 411), Belogradchik (Buresh 1930a: 20, 1930b: 225) and Zverino Village in the Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 145).

*Kirinia (Esperarge) climene (Esper, [1783]) [BG27] 10.vi.2018; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 1♂ 2♀; [BG40] 11.vi.2018. New for the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina mountain

Pararge aegeria (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG4] 15.vi.2018; [BG5] 25.vi.2016; [BG6] 24.vi.2016; [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 22.vi.2016; [BG16]; [BG17] 12.vi.2017; [BG20] 22.vi.2017; [BG24]; [BG27] 20.vi.2017, 09.viii.2015; [BG41] 30.iv.2017; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017; [SR2] 27.vi.2016; [SR6] 14.vi.2017; [SR18] 28.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Gorni Lom Village (Tuleschkow 1932: 308), Iskar Gorge (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1929: 238; Slivov 1968: 145) and Vratsa (Abadjiev 2001: 175).

Lasiommata maera (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG12] 12.vi.2017; [BG24]; [BG27] 20.vi.2017; [BG29] 20.vi.2017; [BG37] 21.vi.2016; [SR5] 16.vi.2018; [SR6] 08.vii.2015; [SR7] 16.vi.2018; [SR13] 19.vi.2018; [SR17]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 07.vii.2015.

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In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Midzhur Peak (Tuleschkow 1932: 308) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 145; Abadjiev 2001: 180).

Lasiommata petropolitana (Fabricius, 1787) [BG21] 13.vi.2018; [BG22] 12.vi.2017, 22.vi.2017, 23.vi.2016; [SR6] 14.vi.2017; [SR7] 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017, 26.vi.2016. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Duplyak border post (Tuleschkow 1932: 308, as Pararge hiera F.), Gorni Lom Village (Abadjiev 2001: 178; Beshkov 2001: 18) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 145; Abadjiev 2001: 180).

Lasiommata megera (Linnaeus, 1767) [BG6] 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG7] 23.vi.2017; [BG10] 14.vi.2018, 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 22.vi.2016; [BG27] 09.viii.2015; [BG29] 27.v.2016; [BG33]; [BG42]; [SR12] 18.vi.2018, 29.vi.2016; [SR18] 19.vi.2018. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Gorni Lom Village (Tuleschkow 1932: 308), Mitrovtsi Village (Abadjiev 2001: 176; Beshkov 2001: 18) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 145; Abadjiev 2001: 176).

Aphantopus hyperantus (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG4] 25.vi.2016; [BG7] 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG10] 23.vi.2017; [BG11] 12.vi.2018, 22.vi.2016; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018; [BG27] 21.vii.2018, 09.viii.2015; [BG37] 30.vi.2012; [SR1] 27.vi.2016; [SR9] 26.vi.2017; [SR12] 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016; [SR15]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Mitrovtsi Village (Abadjiev 2001: 197; Beshkov 2001: 18), Vratsa (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1929: 242) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 145).

Pyronia tithonus (Linnaeus, 1771) [BG7] 12.ix.2011 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [BG11] 22.vi.2016. Widespread in the Bulgarian part of the mountain (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1929: 244; Slivov 1968: 145; Abadjiev 2001: 190; Beshkov 2001: 18).

Maniola jurtina (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG1] 25.vi.2016; [BG4] 15.vi.2018, 25.vi.2016; [BG5] 24.vi.2017; [BG6] 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 13.vi.2017, 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG10] 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 12.vi.2018, 21.vi.2017, 22.vi.2016; [BG12] 22.vi.2016; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018; [BG14] 22.vi.2016; [BG23]; [BG27] 20.vi.2016, 21.vii.2018, 08.viii.2015, 09.viii.2015; [BG29] 20.vi.2016; [BG36]; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 23.vi.2015, 30.vi.2012; [BG38] 19.vi.2017, 20.vi.2015, 30.vi.2012; [BG39] 20.vi.2015; [BG40] 23.vi.2015; [BG41] 21.vi.2016; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR2] 27.vi.2016; [SR3] 25.vi.2017; [SR9] 17.vi.2018, 18.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2017, 28.vi.2016; [SR11]; [SR12] 18.vi.2018, 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016, 09.vii.2015; [SR13] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017, 09.vii.2015; [SR15]; [SR16]; [SR17]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2016, 28.vi.2017, 07.vii.2015. Widespread in the Bulgarian part of the mountain (Tuleschkow 1932: 308; Slivov 1968: 145; Abadjiev 2001: 192; Beshkov 2001: 18).

*Hipparchia (Parahipparchia) volgensis (Mazochin-Porshnjakov, 1952) [BG10] 23.vi.2017; [BG11] 22.vi.2016; [BG27] 21.vii.2018; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 23.vi.2015, 30.vi.2012; [BG38] 21.vi.2016; [BG41] 21.vi.2016; [SR11]; [SR12] 09.vii.2015; [SR17]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2016, 28.vi.2017, 07.vii.2015. New for the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina mountain Previous records for Hipparchia semele (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Bulgarian part of the mountain probably are in fact H. volgensis: Petrohan Pass (Ganev 1988: 152), Rebrovo Village and Lakatnik railway station in the Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 145).

Hipparchia (Hipparchia) fagi (Scopoli, 1763) [BG37] 23.vi.2015; [SR12] 29.vi.2016.

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NEW DATA ON THE BUTTERFLIES OF WESTERN STARA PLANINA MTS.

In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Petrohan Pass (Ganev 1988: 152), above Chiprovtsi (Abadjiev 2001: 221; Beshkov 2001: 19), Eliseyna Village and Cherepish railway station in the Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 145). The species is included as NT/NT (near threatened) in the European Red List of Butterflies (van Swaay et al. 2010).

Arethusana arethusa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) [BG7] 12.ix.2011 (Beshkov, pers. comm.); [BG27] 08.viii.2015, 09.viii.2015; [BG41] 26.vii.2008 (Beshkov, pers. comm.). In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Oreshets (Abadjiev 2001: 230; Beshkov 2001: 19) and Iskar Gorge (Drenowski 1907b: 5; Slivov 1968: 145; Abadjiev 2001: 230; Beshkov 2001: 19).

Brintesia circe (Fabricius, 1775) [BG4] 15.vi.2018, 25.vi.2016; [BG5] 24.vi.2017; [BG6] 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG7] 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG10] 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017; [BG11] 12.vi.2018, 21.vi.2017, 22.vi.2016; [BG14] 22.vi.2016; [BG23]; [BG27] 21.vii.2018, 09.viii.2015; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 30.vi.2012; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 27.vi.2016; [SR9] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2017; [SR12] 18.vi.2018, 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016, 09.vii.2015; [SR13] 09.vii.2015; [SR15]; [SR17]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2016, 28.vi.2017, 07.vii.2015. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Belogradchik, Mitrovtsi Village (Abadjiev 2001: 231; Beshkov 2001: 19), Vratsa (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1929: 230) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 144).

Chazara briseis (Linnaeus, 1764) [BG27] 09.viii.2015; Chepan Hill, near Petrovski Krust Top, limestone stony slopes with scattered shrubs, 1100 m, 16.ix.2007 (Beshkov, pers. comm.). In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Belogradchik (Abadjiev 2001: 233; Beshkov 2001: 19), Petrohan Pass (Rebel 1903: 176), Beledie Han Village (Bachmetjew 1896-1897: 167) and Iskrets Village in the Iskar Gorge (Drenowski 1907b: 5). The species is included as NT/NT (near threatened) in the European Red List of Butterflies (van Swaay et al. 2010).

*Satyrus ferula (Fabricius, 1793) [BG5] 25.vi.2016; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 30.vi.2012; [BG38] 21.vi.2016; [SR1] 27.vi.2016; [SR7] 08.vii.2015; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2016, 28.vi.2017, 07.vii.2015. New for the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina mountain

Apaturinae Apatura iris (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG4] 25.vi.2016; [BG5] 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; [BG7] 13.vi.2017, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [SR1] 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR2] 17.vi.2018, 27.vi.2016; [SR3] 27.vi.2016; [SR6] 08.vii.2015; [SR9] 27.vi.2017; [SR12] 29.vi.2016; [SR13] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017, 09.vii.2015; [SR14]; [SR18] 28.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Gorni Lom Village (Abadjiev 2001: 238; Beshkov 2001: 18), Petrohan Pass (Bachmetjew 1902: 405) and Rebrovo Village in the Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 146).

Apatura ilia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) [BG5] 24.vi.2017; [BG41] 21.vi.2016; [SR1] 26.vi.2017; [SR9] 15.vi.2017, 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2017; [SR11]; [SR13] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017, 09.vii.2015; [SR16]; [SR18] 28.vi.2017, 07.vii.2015. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Petrohan Pass (Bachmetjew 1902: 405) and Rebrovo Village in the Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 146).

**Apatura metis Freyer, 1829 [BG6] 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG10] 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017; [BG11] 21.vi.2017; [SR9] 15.vi.2017. New for the Serbian part of the Western Stara Planina mountain. In the Bulgarian part known from Chiprovtsi only (Abadjiev 1995: 18).

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Limenitidinae *Limenitis (Limenitis) populi (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG7] 13.vi.2017; [BG12] 12.vi.2017; [BG14] 21.vi.2017; [BG17] 12.vi.2017; [BG22] 12.vi.2017; [BG27] 20.vi.2016; [BG29] 20.vi.2016; [SR3] 25.vi.2017; [SR13] 15.vi.2017, 28.vi.2017; [SR17]. New for the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina mountain The species is included as LC/NT (least concern/near threatened) in the European Red List of Butterflies (van Swaay et al. 2010).

Limenitis (Azuritis) reducta Staudinger, 1901 [BG7] 14.vi.2018; [BG11] 22.vi.2016; [ [BG27] 20.vi.2016; [BG29] 20.vi.2016; [BG30] 20.vi.2016; near Lopushnya Village, 42.973889°N 23.066483°E, 703 m: 27.ix.2015; [BG37] 21.vi.2016; [SR1] 17.vi.2018; [SR18] 28.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Kom Peak (Abadjiev 2001: 244) and Iskar Gorge (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1929: 186, as L. camilla Schiff.; Slivov 1968: 146, as L. camilla L.; Abadjiev 2001: 244; Beshkov 2001: 17).

Limenitis (Ladoga) camilla (Linnaeus, 1764) [BG5] 24.vi.2017; [BG6] 23.vi.2017; [BG27] 21.vii.2018; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR2] 27.vi.2016; [SR5] 25.vi.2017; [SR12] 29.vi.2016; [SR13] 19.vi.2018; [SR14]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017, 07.vii.2015. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Dragoman (Abadjiev 1995: 23) and Prolet railway station in the Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 146, as L. sibilla L.).

Neptis rivularis (Scopoli, 1763) [BG1] 25.vi.2016; [BG10] 14.vi.2018, 24.vi.2016; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 21.vii.2018, 09.viii.2015; [BG32]; [SR1] 17.vi.2018; [SR2] 27.vi.2016; [SR6] 08.vii.2015; [SR12] 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016; [SR13] 15.vi.2017, 28.vi.2017, 09.vii.2015; [SR14]. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Gorni Lom Village, Chiprovtsi (Abadjiev 2001: 247; Beshkov 2001: 17), Petrohan Pass (Bachmetjew 1902: 405) and Rebrovo Village in the Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 146).

Neptis sappho (Pallas, 1771) [BG4] 13.vi.2017; [BG5] 24.vi.2017; [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 13.vi.2017, 23.vi.2017; [BG10] 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG27] 20.vi.2017; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR2] 27.vi.2016; [SR9] 26.vi.2017; [SR12] 29.vi.2016; [SR14]. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Salash Village (Abadjiev 2001: 245; Beshkov 2001: 17), Cherepish railway station (Buresh 1912: 42; Buresch & Tuleschkow 1929: 190) and Lakatnik (Abadjiev 1995: 122) in the Iskar Gorge.

Nymphalinae Polygonia c-album (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG1] 25.vi.2016; [BG4] 13.vi.2017, 15.vi.2018, 25.vi.2016; [BG5] 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; [BG6] 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 13.vi.2017, 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG10] 23.vi.2017; [BG11] 11.vi.2017, 12.vi.2018, 21.vi.2017, 22.vi.2016; [BG12] 22.vi.2016; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018; [BG14] 22.vi.2016; [BG17] 12.vi.2017, 22.vi.2017; [BG23]; [BG24]; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 21.vii.2018; [BG29] 16.vi.2017; [BG30] 20.vi.2016; [BG37] 21.vi.2016; [BG38] 30.vi.2012; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR2] 27.vi.2016; [SR3] 14.vi.2017, 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR4] 14.vi.2017; [SR6] 26.vi.2016, 08.vii.2015; [SR7] 14.vi.2017, 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017; [SR8] 08.vii.2015; [SR9] 27.vi.2017; [SR11]; [SR12] 18.vi.2018, 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016, 09.vii.2015; [SR13] 15.vi.2017, 09.vii.2015; [SR14]; [SR17]; [SR18] 28.vi.2016, 07.vii.2015. Widespread in the Bulgarian part of the mountain (Tuleschkow 1932: 308; Slivov 1968: 147; Abadjiev 2001: 255; Beshkov 2001: 17).

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NEW DATA ON THE BUTTERFLIES OF WESTERN STARA PLANINA MTS.

Nymphalis (Nymphalis) vaualbum ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) [BG5] 24.vi.2017; [BG7] 23.vi.2017; [BG10] 23.vi.2017; [SR2] 14.vi.2017; [SR3] 14.vi.2017, 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017; [SR6] 14.vi.2017; [SR12] 18.vi.2018; [SR13] 15.vi.2017, 19.vi.2018. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from the road to Midzhur peak and above Gorni Lom Village (Gascoigne-Pees et al., 2014: 85). The species is included in the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC (Annex II), Red Data Book of European butterflies (van Swaay & Warren 1999) and as LC/VU (least concern/vulnerable) in the European Red List of Butterflies (van Swaay et al. 2010).

Nymphalis (Nymphalis) polychloros (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG4] 24.vi.2017; [BG7] 13.vi.2017, 23.vi.2017; [BG11] 21.vi.2017; [BG13]: 21.vi.2017; [BG27] 20.vi.2016; [BG29] 20.vi.2016; [BG37] 23.vi.2015; [SR1] 17.vi.2018; [SR2] 17.vi.2018; [SR3] 14.vi.2017, 16.vi.2018; [SR11]; [SR12] 18.vi.2018; [SR13] 19.vi.2018; [SR14]; [SR16]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 07.vii.2015. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Chiprovtsi (Abadjiev 2001: 258; Beshkov 2001: 17) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 147; Beshkov 1996: 521).

Nymphalis (Euvanessa) antiopa (Linnaeus, 1758) [SR3] 27.vi.2016, caterpillars on Salix caprea L. Collected 15 caterpillars, pupated between 02 July to 05 July. Emerged 8 butterflies on 14 July, from the others emerged parasites: Sturmia bella (Meigen, 1824), 2♂ 4♀ and Compsilura concinnata (Meigen, 1824), 1♂ (Diptera: Tachinidae, Z. Hubenov det.). Both species are common parasitoids of and also recorded from N. antiopa (Cerretti & Tschorsnig 2010; Herting 2017). In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Belogradchik (Abadjiev 2001: 261; Beshkov 2001: 17) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 147; Abadjiev 2001: 261; Beshkov 2001: 17).

Vanessa (Vanessa) atalanta (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG4] 15.vi.2018, 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; [BG5] 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; [BG6] 23.vi.2017; [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 13.vi.2017, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG10] 14.vi.2018, 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 21.vi.2017, 22.vi.2016; [BG12] 22.vi.2016; [BG14] 22.vi.2016; [BG22] 23.vi.2016; [BG24]; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 21.vii.2018; [BG29] 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 27.vi.2016; [SR2] 27.vi.2016; [SR3] 25.vi.2017; [SR7] 16.vi.2018; [SR9] 17.vi.2018, 18.vi.2018, 27.vi.2017; [SR11]; [SR12] 18.vi.2018, 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016; [SR13] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017, 09.vii.2015; [SR16]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017. Widespread in the Bulgarian part of the mountain (Tuleschkow 1932: 308; Slivov 1968: 146; Mészáros 1986: 350-351; Beshkov & Vassilev 1996: 133; Abadjiev 2001: 247; Beshkov 2001: 17).

Vanessa (Cynthia) cardui (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG4] 25.vi.2016; [BG5] 25.vi.2016; [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 24.vi.2016; [BG10] 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 21.vi.2017; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018, 21.vi.2017; [BG14] 22.vi.2016; [BG16]; [BG17] 22.vi.2017; [BG19]; [BG20] 22.vi.2017; [BG21] 13.vi.2018; [BG23]; [BG24]; [BG27] 20.vi.2016, 09.viii.2015; [BG29] 16.vi.2017, 20.vi.2016; [BG31]; [BG34]; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 23.vi.2015, 30.vi.2012; [BG39] 20.vi.2015; [BG40] 23.vi.2015; [BG41] 21.vi.2016; [SR1] 27.vi.2016; [SR2] 27.vi.2016; [SR3] 14.vi.2017, 25.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR5] 13.vi.2017, 16.vi.2018, 24.vi.2017, 26.vi.2016; [SR6] 08.vii.2015; [SR7] 26.vi.2016, 08.vii.2015; [SR8] 26.vi.2016; [SR12] 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016. Widespread in the Bulgarian part of the mountain (Tuleschkow 1932: 308; Slivov 1968: 146; Mészáros 1986: 351; Beshkov 1996: 522; Abadjiev 2001: 249; Beshkov 2001: 17).

Inachis io (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG4] 13.vi.2017, 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; [BG5] 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; [BG6] 24.vi.2016; [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 13.vi.2017, 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG10] 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 21.vi.2017, 22.vi.2016; [BG12] 12.vi.2017, 22.vi.2016; [BG13]: 21.vi.2017; [BG14] 21.vi.2017, 22.vi.2016; [BG16]; [BG17] 12.vi.2017, 22.vi.2017; [BG18] 13.vi.2018; [BG19]; [BG20] 23.vi.2016; [BG21] 13.vi.2018; [BG22] 12.vi.2017, 22.vi.2017, 23.vi.2016; [BG23]; [BG27] 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG29] 16.vi.2017, 20.vi.2016; [BG37] 21.vi.2016; [BG38] 19.vi.2017; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR2] 14.vi.2017, 17.vi.2018, 27.vi.2016; [SR3] 14.vi.2017, 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR4] 25.vi.2017; [SR5] 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2017, 26.vi.2016; [SR6] 26.vi.2016, 08.vii.2015; [SR7]

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14.vi.2017, 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017, 08.vii.2015; [SR8] 26.vi.2016, 08.vii.2015; [SR12] 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016; [SR13] 15.vi.2017, 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017, 09.vii.2015; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2016, 28.vi.2017. Widespread in the Bulgarian part of the mountain (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1929: 192; Tuleschkow 1932: 308; Slivov 1968: 147; Beshkov & Petrov 1996: 436; Beshkov 1996: 521; Abadjiev 2001: 251; Beshkov 2001: 17).

Aglais urticae (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG4] 13.vi.2017; [BG5] 24.vi.2017; [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 23.vi.2017; [BG10] 24.vi.2016; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018; [BG15]; [BG18] 12.vi.2017; [BG19]; [BG20] 23.vi.2016; [BG21] 13.vi.2018; [BG22] 12.vi.2017, 22.vi.2017, 23.vi.2016; [BG26] 01.vi.2016; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2016; [BG28] 01.vi.2016; [BG29] 16.vi.2017, 20.vi.2017; [BG30] 20.vi.2016; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 23.vi.2015; [BG38] 19.vi.2017; [BG40] 23.vi.2015; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR2] 14.vi.2017; [SR3] 14.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR5] 26.vi.2016; [SR7] 14.vi.2017, 25.vi.2017, 26.vi.2016, 08.vii.2015; [SR8] 08.vii.2015; [SR12] 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016; [SR13] 19.vi.2018; [SR17]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 07.vii.2015. Widespread in the Bulgarian part of the mountain (Drenowski 1909: 36; Tuleschkow 1932: 308; Slivov 1968: 147; Beshkov & Vassilev 1996: 134; Abadjiev 2001: 253; Beshkov 2001: 17).

Araschnia levana (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG4] 15.vi.2018, 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; [BG5] 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; [BG6] 24.vi.2016; [BG7] 13.vi.2017, 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG10] 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 12.vi.2018, 21.vi.2017, 22.vi.2016; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018, 21.vi.2017; [BG14] 21.vi.2017; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR3] 25.vi.2017; [SR9] 15.vi.2017, 17.vi.2018, 18.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2017; [SR12] 29.vi.2016; [SR13] 28.vi.2017, 09.vii.2015; [SR18] 19.vi.2018. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Mitrovtsi Village only (Abadjiev 2001: 281; Beshkov 2001: 17).

Melitaeinae *Melitaea (Melitaea) phoebe ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) [BG4] 25.vi.2016; [BG27] 20.vi.2016; [BG38] 20.vi.2015; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 27.vi.2016; [SR3] 16.vi.2018; [SR7] 08.vii.2015; [SR9] 26.vi.2017; [SR12] 09.vii.2015; [SR15]; [SR16]; [SR17]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017, 07.vii.2015. New for the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina mountain. Previously reported from Iskar Gorge without precise locality (Slivov 1968: 147).

Melitaea (Melitaea) didyma (Esper, [1778]) [BG7] 24.vi.2016; [BG10] 14.vi.2018, 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 12.vi.2018; [BG23]; [BG37] 30.vi.2012; [SR1] 27.vi.2016; [SR9] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017; [SR12] 27.vi.2017; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017 (including an aberration), 07.vii.2015. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Mitrovtsi Village (Abadjiev 2001: 273; Beshkov 2001: 17), Vratsa (Abadjiev 2001: 273) and Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 147).

Melitaea (Melitaea) arduinna (Esper, [1783]) [BG4] 13.vi.2017, 15.vi.2018, 25.vi.2016; [BG6] 11.vi.2014; [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 13.vi.2017, 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG9]; [BG10] 14.vi.2018, 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 11.vi.2017, 12.vi.2018, 21.vi.2017, 22.vi.2016; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018; [BG15]; [BG17] 12.vi.2017; [BG18] 13.vi.2018; [BG24]; [BG27] 20.vi.2016; [BG36]; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR2] 27.vi.2016; [SR3] 14.vi.2017, 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR5] 26.vi.2016; [SR9] 15.vi.2017, 26.vi.2017; [SR12] 18.vi.2018, 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016, 09.vii.2015; [SR13] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017, 09.vii.2015; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 07.vii.2015. Near the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Vrashka Chuka near Kula only (Slivov & Lukov [1977]: 234).

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*Melitaea (Melitaea) trivia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) [BG1] 13.vi.2017; [BG4] 25.vi.2016; [BG6] 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 23.vi.2015; [BG40] 23.vi.2015; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 27.vi.2016; [SR2] 17.vi.2018; [SR3] 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017; [SR7] 25.vi.2017, 26.vi.2016, 08.vii.2015; [SR12] 29.vi.2016; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017. New for the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina mountain. Previously reported from Iskar Gorge without precise locality (Slivov 1968: 147). The species is included as LC/NT (least concern/near threatened) in the European Red List of Butterflies (van Swaay et al. 2010).

*Melitaea (Melitaea) diamina (Lang, 1789) [BG5] 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; [BG7] 13.vi.2017; [BG10] 23.vi.2017; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR2] 27.vi.2016; [SR3] 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017; [SR7] 26.vi.2016; [SR9] 15.vi.2017, 26.vi.2017; [SR12] 18.vi.2018, 29.vi.2016; [SR13] 28.vi.2017. New for the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina mountain. The species is included as LC/NT (least concern/near threatened) in the European Red List of Butterflies (van Swaay et al. 2010).

Melitaea (Melitaea) cinxia (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG5] 24.vi.2017; [BG7] 11.vi.2014; [BG17] 12.vi.2017, 22.vi.2017; [BG26] 27.v.2016, 01.vi.2016; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG29] 27.v.2016, 16.vi.2017, 18.vi.2017, 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG37] 30.vi.2012; [BG40] 19.vi.2017, 23.vi.2015; [BG41] 30.iv.2017; [SR1] 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR3] 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017; [SR7] 26.vi.2016; [SR9] 26.vi.2017; [SR13] 28.vi.2017; [SR12] 09.vii.2015; [SR17]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017, 07.vii.2015. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Lyulyaka Hut (Abadjiev 2001: 265; Beshkov 2001: 17) and Iskar Gorge (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1929: 199; Slivov 1968: 147).

*Melitaea (Mellicta) aurelia Nickerl, 1850 [BG13]: 13.vi.2018; [BG27] 20.vi.2017; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 30.vi.2012; [SR1] 26.vi.2017; [SR12] 29.vi.2016; [SR17]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2016, 28.vi.2017, 07.vii.2015. New for the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina mountain. Dubious record for Svoge in the Iskar Gorge (Slivov 1968: 148). The species is included in the Red Data Book of European butterflies (van Swaay & Warren 1999) and as NT/LC (near threatened/least concern) in the European Red List of Butterflies (van Swaay et al. 2010).

Melitaea (Mellicta) athalia (Rottemburg, 1775) [BG4] 13.vi.2017, 15.vi.2018, 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; [BG5] 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 13.vi.2017, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG10] 23.vi.2017; [BG11] 22.vi.2016; [BG14] 21.vi.2017, 22.vi.2016; [BG17] 12.vi.2017, 22.vi.2017; [BG20] 22.vi.2017; [BG27] 08.viii.2015; [BG29] 16.vi.2017, 20.vi.2016, 20.vi.2017; [BG33]; [BG36]; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 23.vi.2015, 30.vi.2012; [BG40] 23.vi.2015; [BG41] 21.vi.2016; [SR1] 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR2] 17.vi.2018, 27.vi.2016; [SR3] 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR5] 24.vi.2017, 08.vii.2015; [SR7] 26.vi.2016; [SR8] 26.vi.2016, 08.vii.2015; [SR9] 26.vi.2017; [SR12] 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016; [SR13] 19.vi.2018, 09.vii.2015; [SR16]; [SR17]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2016, 28.vi.2017, 07.vii.2015. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Gorni Lom Village (Abadjiev 2001: 277; Beshkov 2001: 17) and Cherepish Monastery in the Iskar Gorge (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1929: 204; Slivov 1968: 148).

Heliconiinae Argynnis (Fabriciana) niobe (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG4] 15.vi.2018; [BG10] 14.vi.2018; [BG13]: 12.vi.2017; [BG20] 22.vi.2017; [BG17] 22.vi.2017; [BG27] 01.vi.2016, 20.vi.2016; [BG29] 20.vi.2017; [BG37] 21.vi.2016; [BG40] 19.vi.2017, 23.vi.2015; [SR8] 08.vii.2015; [SR18] 28.vi.2017. Previously reported from Vratsa (Abadjiev 2001: 289) and Iskar Gorge without precise locality (Slivov 1968: 148).

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The species is included as LC/NT (least concern/near threatened) in the European Red List of Butterflies (van Swaay et al. 2010).

Argynnis (Fabriciana) adippe ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) [BG4] 13.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; [BG5] 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; [BG7] 13.vi.2017, 14.vi.2018; [BG10] 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 12.vi.2018, 22.vi.2016; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018, 21.vi.2017; [BG14] 22.vi.2016; [BG27] 20.vi.2016, 08.viii.2015; [BG37] 21.vi.2016; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR3] 16.vi.2018, 27.vi.2016; [SR9] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2017; [SR12] 18.vi.2018, 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016, 09.vii.2015; [SR13] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017; [SR16]; [SR18] 28.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Midzhur Peak, Duplyak border post (Tuleschkow 1932: 308) and Iskar Gorge without precise locality (Slivov 1968: 148).

Argynnis (Argynnis) paphia (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG1] 25.vi.2016; [BG4] 13.vi.2017, 15.vi.2018, 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; [BG5] 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; [BG6] 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017; [BG7] 13.vi.2017, 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG10] 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 12.vi.2018, 21.vi.2017, 22.vi.2016; [BG12] 12.vi.2017, 22.vi.2016; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018, 21.vi.2017; [BG14] 22.vi.2016; [BG18] 13.vi.2018; [BG23]; [BG24]; [BG27] 21.vii.2018, 09.viii.2015; [BG41] 21.vi.2016; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017; [SR2] 27.vi.2016; [SR3] 25.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR6] 08.vii.2015; [SR7] 08.vii.2015; [SR9] 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2017; [SR11]; [SR12] 27.vi.2017, 29.vi.2016; [SR13] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017, 09.vii.2015; [SR16]; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017. Widespread in the Bulgarian part of the mountain (Tuleschkow 1932: 308; Slivov 1968: 148; Abadjiev 2001: 281; Beshkov 2001: 16).

Argynnis (Pandoriana) pandora ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) [BG4] 13.vi.2017; [BG5] 24.vi.2017; [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 21.vi.2017; [BG24]; [BG37] 21.vi.2016; [SR3] 25.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Iskar Gorge only – Romcha and Eliseyna villages, Prolet and Cherepish railway stations (Slivov 1968: 148).

Argynnis (Mesoacidalia) aglaja (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG5] 24.vi.2017; [BG10] 24.vi.2016; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018; [BG25] 20.vi.2016; [BG27] 20.vi.2016; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 23.vi.2015, 30.vi.2012; [SR1] 27.vi.2016; [SR13] 19.vi.2018; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2017, 07.vii.2015. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Duplyak border post (Tuleschkow 1932: 308) and Iskar Gorge without precise locality (Slivov 1968: 148).

*Brenthis ino (Rottemburg, 1775) [BG4] 15.vi.2018; [BG10] 24.vi.2016; [SR9] 17.vi.2018; [SR18] 19.vi.2018. New for the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina mountain

Brenthis hecate ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) [BG4] 15.vi.2018, 25.vi.2016; [BG5] 25.vi.2016; [BG7] 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017; [BG21] 13.vi.2018; [BG24]; [BG27] 20.vi.2017; [BG29] 16.vi.2017; [BG30] 20.vi.2016; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 30.vi.2012; [BG40] 19.vi.2017, 23.vi.2015; [SR2] 27.vi.2016; [SR7] 08.vii.2015; [SR9] 17.vi.2018, 28.vi.2016; [SR13] 19.vi.2018; [SR18] 19.vi.2018, 28.vi.2016, 28.vi.2017. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Cherepish railway station in the Iskar Gorge only (Slivov 1968: 148).

Brenthis daphne (Bergsträsser, 1780) [BG1] 25.vi.2016; [BG2]; [BG4] 13.vi.2017, 15.vi.2018, 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; [BG5] 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; [BG6] 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG7] 13.vi.2017, 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017, 24.vi.2016; [BG10] 24.vi.2016; [BG11] 11.vi.2017, 12.vi.2018, 21.vi.2017, 22.vi.2016; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018; [BG17] 22.vi.2017; [BG18] 13.vi.2018; [BG20] 23.vi.2016; [BG23]; [BG24]; [BG37] 21.vi.2016; [BG41] 21.vi.2016; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR2] 17.vi.2018, 27.vi.2016; [SR3] 16.vi.2018; [SR7] 25.vi.2017, 26.vi.2016, 08.vii.2015; [SR9] 18.vi.2018; [SR11]; [SR12] 29.vi.2016; [SR15].

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In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Mitrovtsi Village (Abadjiev 2001: 292; Beshkov 2001: 17) and Iskar Gorge without precise locality (Slivov 1968: 148).

Issoria lathonia (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG1] 13.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; [BG4] 15.vi.2018; [BG5] 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2016; [BG7] 11.vi.2014, 13.vi.2017, 14.vi.2018, 23.vi.2017; [BG11] 21.vi.2017; [BG17] 22.vi.2017; [BG19]; [BG20] 22.vi.2017; [BG21] 10.vi.2014; [BG22] 12.vi.2017; [BG27] 01.vi.2016; [BG29] 27.v.2016, 16.vi.2017, 20.vi.2016; [BG30] 20.vi.2016; [BG31]; [BG33]; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 23.vi.2015, 30.vi.2012; [BG38] 02.v.2014, 19.vi.2017; [SR1] 17.vi.2018, 26.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR3] 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017, 27.vi.2016; [SR5] 13.vi.2017, 14.vi.2017, 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017, 26.vi.2016; [SR7] 14.vi.2017, 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017, 26.vi.2016; [SR8] 08.vii.2015; [SR12] 18.vi.2018, 29.vi.2016; [SR13] 19.vi.2018. Widespread in the Bulgarian part of the mountain (Tuleschkow 1932: 308; Slivov 1968: 148; Abadjiev 2001: 290; Beshkov 2001: 17).

Clossiana (Proclossiana) eunomia (Esper, [1799]) [SR5] 13.vi.2017, 14.vi.2017, 16.vi.2018, 24.vi.2017, 25.vi.2017, 26.vi.2016, 08.vii.2015; [SR7] 14.vi.2017, 16.vi.2018, 25.vi.2017, 26.vi.2016; [SR8] 26.vi.2016, 08.vii.2015; all three small SE facing valleys between Zharkova Chuka to Markova Livada. Still not found in the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mt.

Clossiana (Clossiana) euphrosyne (Linnaeus, 1758) [BG27] 01.vi.2016; [BG29] 20.vi.2016. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Lyulyaka Hut (Abadjiev 2001: 299; Beshkov 2001: 17) and Cherepish Monastery in the Iskar Gorge (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1929: 208).

Clossiana (Clossiana) dia (Linnaeus, 1767) [BG4] 25.vi.2016; [BG13]: 13.vi.2018, 21.vi.2017; [BG37] 21.vi.2016, 23.vi.2015; [BG38] 19.vi.2017, 20.vi.2015, 21.vi.2016, 30.vi.2012; [BG40] 19.vi.2017, 23.vi.2015; [BG41] 30.iv.2017; [SR1] 17.vi.2018; [SR18] 28.vi.2017, 07.vii.2015. In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts known from Lyulyaka Hut (Abadjiev 2001: 300; Beshkov 2001: 17) and Cherepish Monastery in the Iskar Gorge (Buresch 1912: 46; Buresch & Tuleschkow 1929: 210).

Discussion

A total of 150 species were encountered during our surveys, of which 145 species from Bulgarian part of the mountain, representing roughly two thirds (2/3) of the fauna of Bulgaria. 128 species are recorded for the Serbian part of the mountain. Nineteen species was recorded for the first time in the Bulgarian part of the surveyed region (marked with an asterisk in the text) and one species (Apatura metis) – for the Serbian part. The highest butterfly diversity is linked to the largest limestone area in the mountain of Komshtitsa-Gubesh- Smolcha (practically unexplored till now) where 101 species were observed, 66% of all species recorded in this study. Eighty-five species were observed at Chepan Hill (also limestone area) and in the wooded areas – seventy-three species near Gorni Lom Village and sixty-five above Stakevtsi Village. In Serbian part of the mountain the richest place is the area around Topli Dol Village, with eighty-four species, followed by limestone area near Gorni Krivodol – seventy-eight species and in higher altitudes – Babin Zub, where we encountered sixty species. In term of slightly wider altitudinal range two regions are characterized by great variety of habitats and respectively butterflies – between Tsurni Vrah Village to Zharkova Chuka Peak (in Serbia; 700 to 1800 m a.s.l) with ninety-five species and between Chiprovtsi to Vrazha Glava Peak (in Bulgaria; 380 to 1800 m a.s.l) with eighty-nine species. For some typical mountain species (e.g. Aricia artaxerxes, Polyommatus eros, Erebia alberganus, E. oeme) the lower altitudinal limit in this region is situated quite low, representing the lowest in the country. From the observed species, seven species are included in the Annexes of the Habitats Directive (three in Annex II, five in Annex IV), 12 species are listed in the Red Data Book of European butterflies (van Swaay & Warren 1999) and 26 in the European Red List of Butterflies (van Swaay et al. 2010).

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Amid the most common and widespread species encountered during our surveys are habitat generalists like Aporia crataegi (observed at 34 of 60 sites), Inachis io (32 sites), Polygonia c-album (32 sites) followed by Maniola jurtina (30 sites), Vanessa cardui (30 sites), Aglais urticae (29 sites), Leptidea sinapis (28 sites), Plebejus argus (28 sites), Coenonympha arcania (28 sites). Among the species observed, several are rare in Bulgaria or reach their distribution limit in the surveyed region and require further comments:

Muschampia cribrellum (Eversmann, 1841) (Fig. 7) In Bulgaria previously known from few localities in Western Stara Planina Mts (near Gubesh, Golesh, Godech, Zavidovtsi, Iskrets, from Chepan Hill and Ponor) – Abadjiev & Beshkov (2007: 196); Dincă et al. (2010); Hoejgaard & Beshkov (2011); Hristova & Beshkov (2017: 107). It is mentioned also for Burgas (Kolev 2003) and near Kotel (Hoejgaard & Beshkov 2011), but both localities seem to be dubious. In the light of the new data the species appears to be relatively widespread on the slopes above Nishava River Valley (Vidlich, Berkovska Mt, Chepan and Ponor) and by Iskretska River valley it reaches at least surroundings of Iskrets Village. This species is on wing from mid May till the end of June, but the peak in emergence is at the end of May and early June, and probably this, along with the lack of research in the area, is the reason until recently not to be established. At the end of May in the places where occurs in Bulgaria (especially Komshtitsa, Smolcha and Gubesh area) is relatively numerous and often males gather together with other skippers mudpuddling on damp soil.

Muschampia tessellum (Hübner, [1803]) (Fig. 7) In the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts previously reported exactly from the same locality (Beshkov 2017: 10), where both Muschampia species are syntopic and synchronic. Other localities in Bulgaria are Burgas (Tschorbadjiew 1915: 22), Zheravna (Hoejgaard & Beshkov 2011) and Alibotush Mt (Tuleschkow 1929: 155). In the strongholds of the species in Bulgaria (Ponor and Zheravna surroundings) it inhabits two sites on very different habitats. The site at Ponor the habitat corresponds well with the description by Tolman & Lewington (2008) and Lvovski & Morgun (2007) – dry termophilous steppe-like habitat, whereas the site near Zheravna Village represents a mesophilous clearings heavily overgrown with Eastern brakenfern and with scattered bushes (personal observations). Due to the relatively small dimensions and similarity to the other skippers, both Muschampia species are easily overlooked and their distribution in Bulgaria is still poorly known.

Lycaena (Helleia) helle ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) (Fig. 7 & 8) The localities we reported here are in the same general area like previous ones (Popović et al. 2014; Kolev & Shtinkov 2015), but southernmost on the territory of Bulgaria. All of them are situated between 1500 and 1850 m, which corresponds directly with mentioned by Popović et al. (2014). Although the species is extremely local, its population here is stable and occurs in good numbers. In 2016 and 2017 (not in 2018, when the weather conditions were unsuitable) we made two quick transect censuses (the transect follows the stream-bed and has a length of 50 m and a width of 2 m) that accounted between twelve (in 2017) to seventeen specimens (in 2016). There are no visible changes in the vegetation cover in the known Bulgarian localities, so degree of vegetation succession does not represent a real threat for butterflies at present. The habitats of Lycaena helle are located only near streams along the mountain slopes, around and above the timberline (coniferous), where over the past 30 years there has been no expansion of trees or shrubs (personal observation and conversations with local residents). The idea of using volunteers in order to ―maintain small patches of suitable habitats by clearing bushes‖ (Kolev & Shtinkov 2015) should not be taken into account because of the direct negative impact of trampling the foodplant (Bistorta officinalis Delarbre) and potential nectar sources of the imago. Lycaena helle is treated as a Species of Community Interest, included in both Annexes II and IV of the Habitats Directive of the European Commission (92/43/EEC).

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Figure 7.. Top left Muschampia cribrellum (Eversmann, 1841), upperside. Top right Muschampia cribrellum, underside. Middle left Muschampia tessellum (Hübner, [1803]), upperside. Middle right Muschampia tessellum, underside. Bottom left Lycaena helle ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), ♂ upperside. Bottom right Lycaena helle, ♀ upperside.

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Figure 8. Top left Lycaena helle, mating pair - underside. Top right Kirinia climene (Esper, [1783]), ♀ upperside. Middle left Kirinia climene, ♀ underside. Middle right Kirinia climene, ♂ underside. Bottom left Apatura metis Freyer, 1829, upperside. Bottom right Apatura metis, underside.

Kirinia (Esperarge) climene (Esper, [1783]) (Fig. 8 & 11) The species is locally distributed in Bulgaria with widely scattered colonies known from Eastern Stara Planina above Sliven (Rebel 1903: 178; Kolev 2003: 169); Predbalkan near Gorna Kremena (Essayan & Jugan 1993: 138-140); Zemen Mt, between Goranovtsi to Sushitsa villages; Lyulin Mt, Gorna Banya suburb of Sofia (Kolev 2003: 169) and Vlahina Mt, Debochitsa Village (Domozetski 2012: 82). Other new localities

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Figure 9. Top left Nymphalis vaualbum ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), upperside. Top right Nymphalis vaualbum, underside. Middle left Melitaea didyma (Esper, [1778]), aberration - upperside. Middle right Melitaea didyma, aberration - underside. Bottom left Melitaea arduinna (Esper, [1783]), ♂ upper- and underside. Bottom right Melitaea arduinna, ♀ upperside.

– Mt, between Vetren to Tsurvaritsa villages, 02.vii.2008, 6♂ 1♀ (Beshkov, pers. comm.). The habitat in the newly discovered localities in Western Stara Planina corresponds with Tshikolovets (2011) and is of the type of more open stony xerothermic grassland with scattered shrubs, but in Osogovo Mt represent the other type – clearings in deciduous woodland with planted pine trees and orchards. All the localities are situated between 900 m to 1050 m a.s.l. except Gorna Kremena, which lies at 400 m a.s.l. Due to its

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Figure 10. Top left Melitaea diamina (Lang, 1789), upperside. Top right Melitaea diamina, underside. Bottom left Brenthis ino (Rottemburg, 1775), upperside. Bottom right Brenthis ino, underside.

Apatura metis Freyer, 1829 (Fig. 8) For the territory of Serbia previously known from the valley of the in Vojvodina and near Belgrade (Jakšić 2008: 39, Popović & Đurić 2011: 150). At the same time in Bulgaria it is much more widespread and common than the closely related Apatura ilia. Interestingly, in the Bigar Waterfall locality both species are syntopic and synchronic but Apatura metis is significantly rarer (only 2 male specimens observed). The locality also is situated at much higher altitude (at 450 m a.s.l) than all others in Serbia, which laying under 100 m a.s.l.

Nymphalis (Nymphalis) vaualbum ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) (Fig. 9) The Balkan Peninsula represents south-western limit of the species distribution, which is Holarctic and except Europe comprises Caucasus and Western Transcaucasia (including NE Turkey), temperate Asia and North America (Tshikolovets 2011). The species inhabits deciduous and mixed forests or small clearings, often near rivers or springs (Tshikolovets 2011). In the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Sofia there is a male specimen collected in Tsar Boris‘ Garden in Sofia on 08.vii.1942, which is definitely a migratory one. Historical records in Pigulew (1899: 24) from Eastern Stara Planina above Sliven (―Selishki Boaz‖ – the narrow valley above Marikino Gradishte (= Yablanovo)) and Sotirya Village (both

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NEW DATA ON THE BUTTERFLIES OF WESTERN STARA PLANINA MTS. observed in August) are doubtful. Recently Gascoigne-Pees et al. (2014: 85) published two new records from the Bulgarian part of Western Stara Planina Mts – the road to Midzhur peak (09.vii.2011) and above Gorni Lom Village (12.ix.2011). During our surveys we confirmed one of previously reported localities and discovered the species in two additional ones (above Stakevtsi and Prevala villages), plus – at all the places with several specimens (two or three). All the localities are situated in the vicinity of Midzhur Peak, which confirm that in Western Stara Planina Mts it is a residental species and here lies one of its last strongholds in Europe. Nymphalis vaualbum is treated as a Species of Community Interest, included in Annex II of the Habitats Directive of the European Commission (92/43/EEC).

Melitaea (Melitaea) didyma (Esper, [1778]) (Fig. 9) During our surveys on 28 June 2017 in the small gully above Gorni Krivodol Village together with the typical specimens the author found a male specimen that represent an interesting aberration (Fig. 26 & 27). It is known that the occurrence of such aberrations may be produced physiologically in response to environmental stress (temperature stress) during some of the early stages of the butterfly (Nijhout 1984; Hiyama et al. 2012).

Melitaea (Melitaea) arduinna (Esper, [1783]) (Fig. 9 & 12) The Balkan Peninsula represents westernmost limit of the species distribution, which include Asia Minor, Near East, Northern Iraq, Iran, Caucasus and Transcaucasia, Eastern Ukraine, Southern part of European Russia and Kazakhstan to mountains of Central Asia (Tshikolovets 2011). The species inhabits various grassy places from meadows and clearings in deciduous forests through steppes to semidesert ares (Tshikolovets 2011). The first records for Bulgaria are 1 male and 5 females, collected on 06.vii.1923 at Sboryanovo (Demir Baba Teke) and one fresh female, collected on 09[22].v.1910 at Poda near Burgas (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1929: 200; Buresch 1930: 18), but later not recorded again from both localities. Much later Slivov & Lukov ([1977]: 234) are reported one female from Vrashka Chuka near Kula in Western Stara Planina Mts. Recently was confirmed for Southern coast – near Varvara Village (Beshkov 2009: 513 & plate 2, 9-10 and personal observations) and in another two new localities in NW Bulgaria was found – Tsar Petrovo Village, W of (Beshkov 2011: 38, fig. 12-15) and Septemvriytsi Village, SE of Archar (Langourov et al. 2018: 498). Other new localities – Danube Plain: Archar Village and Durzhanitsa Village, 09.vi.2014, in a large number. The altitudinal range varies from the sea level (Poda) to 1500 m (above Gorni Lom Village). In contrast to the scattered records for this species indicated till now it proved to be much more common in North-western Bulgaria and in most of the localites represents the commonest and most numbered Melitaea species. Similar is the situation in Serbia, where until 2007, there were no records of the species (Jakšić & Grozdanović 2007: 67-69; Jakšić [ed.] 2008: 38) and after that was discovered in many new localities in SE Serbia (Gascoigne-Pees et al. 2012; Popović et al. 2013: 77, 79).

Melitaea (Melitaea) diamina (Lang, 1789) (Fig. 10 & 13) The Balkan Peninsula represents southernmost limit of the species distribution, which is Palaearctic (Tshikolovets 2011). The species inhabits damp grassy places and clearings in deciduous forests (Tshikolovets 2011 and personal observations). The species is locally distributed in Bulgaria with widely scattered colonies known from Mts: Levi Iskar River (Nicholl 1900: 65 and Elwes 1900: 197 as Melitaea dictynna Esp.), Marichini ezera Lakes, above Kostenets Village (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1929: 206 as M. dictynna Esp.); below Kostenets Village (Haig Thomas 1936: 137); Ludogorie, Voden (former Mahzar Pasha Teke) (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1929: 206 as M. dictynna Esp.); (Krzywicki 1981: 35) and Western Rhodopes, Lilkovo Village (Abadjiev 1995: 69). According to Hristova & Beshkov (2017: 112) the lack of records from the last few decades is possible related to strong decline in Bulgaria, but the new data show that highly fragmented distribution up to now could be a result of lack of systematic surveys in the country. The species is relatively common in some places in Western Stara Planina Mts, as well as in Western Rhodopes (e.g. near Martsiganitsa Chalet: 16.vi.2015, 3♂ 2♀). The altitudinal range varies from 200 m (Voden) to 2000 m (Marichini Ezera) in the literature data but from 490 m (above Prevala, W Stara Planina) to 1370 m (Martsiganitsa Chalet) in our records.

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Figure 11. Distribution of Kirinia climene (Esper, [1783]) in Bulgaria. Species maps legend: empty circle – locality before 1980, empty circle with bold black margin – locality between 1980 to present article, black circle – new records.

Figure 12. Distribution of Melitaea arduinna (Esper, [1783]) in Bulgaria. Species maps legend: empty circle – locality before 1980, empty circle with bold black margin – locality between 1980 to present article, black circle – new records.

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Figure 13. Distribution of Melitaea diamina (Lang, 1789) in Bulgaria. Species maps legend: empty circle – locality before 1980, empty circle with bold black margin – locality between 1980 to present article, black circle – new records.

Figure 14. Distribution of Brenthis ino (Rottemburg, 1775) in Bulgaria. Species maps legend: empty circle – locality before 1980, empty circle with bold black margin – locality between 1980 to present article, black circle – new records.

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Brenthis ino (Rottemburg, 1775) (Fig. 10 & 14) The Balkan Peninsula represents southernmost limit of the species distribution, which is Palaearctic (Tshikolovets 2011). The species inhabits damp meadows and woodland clearings, riverbank forests and forest swamps (Tshikolovets 2011). In Bulgaria also known from Rila Mts: Kirilova polyana (Nicholl 1900: 34 and Elwes 1900: 198), Dolna Banya (Ganev 1983: 59), near Kostenets Village (Nicholl 1900: 68); Sredna Gora Mt, Dyulevo (Dirimanow & Schikrenow 1962: 225); Central Stara Planina Mts: Sokolski monastery near Gabrovo (Abadjiev 2001: 292); Eastern Stara Planina Mts: Byala (Rebel 1903: 170), Sinite Kamani Nature Park above Sliven (Kolev 2003: 166), Kotel pass (Abadjiev 1995: 54); Danube Plain: Sushitsa (Abadjiev 2001: 292); Burgas (Buresch & Tuleschkow 1929: 212) and Strandzha Mt, Kondolovo Village (Krzywicki 1981: 34). From the locality Velingrad in Western Rhodopes (Markowitsch 1923: 127) there is no preserved exemplars in his collection in NMNHS, so it is dubious and needs confirmation – not taken in account here. Other new localities: Vedena River near Sofia, 13.vii.2013, 3♂ 2♀, 11.vii.2014, 1♂ 1♀ (coll. NMNHS, M. Langourov & N. Simov leg.), 19.vi.2016, 2♀, 19.vi.2017, 1♂ 2♀; Strandzha Mt, crossroad to Byala Voda Village, 11.vi.2015, 5♂ 4♀. Due to its similarity to closely related and widespread Brenthis daphne this species is easily overlooked and probably under-recorded in Bulgaria. Apparently, the species is more widespread in the country than previously thought and probably will be recorded in additional localities during future surveys. The altitudinal range varies from 250 m (Sushitsa) to 1400 m (Kirilova Polyana) in the literature data but from 400 m (Byala Voda) to 650 m (Vedena River) in our records.

The present data improve the current knowledge of the butterflies in Western Stara Planina Mts and in Bulgaria in general. Additional target areas for new surveys in the region should be the region between Kopilovtsi–Montana–Varshets and especially surroundings of Govezhda and Berkovitsa. This research shows that butterfly data coverage of the Northern part of Bulgaria is still insufficient and there are still some regions with very restricted or no butterfly records. A more systematic approach is needed with future surveys targeted at covering at least some of the unstudied areas.

Acknowledgments I wish to thank Dr Stoyan Beshkov, Dr Nikolay Simov and Dr Boyan Zlatkov for sharing their records from the region. I am very grateful to Dr Stanislav Abadjiev, who prepared the map and his help, comments and valuable suggestions. I wish to express my gratitude to Dr Zdravko Hubenov, who determined Tachinidae parasites and to Dr Miloš Popović and Mr Milan Đurić for providing some literature regarding the butterfly fauna of Stara Planina and Serbia.

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