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New Data on the Butterflies of Western Stara Planina Mts (Bulgaria & Serbia) (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea)

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New Data on the Butterflies of Western Stara Planina Mts (Bulgaria & Serbia) (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) Ecologica Montenegrina 20: 119-162 (2019) This journal is available online at: www.biotaxa.org/em New data on the butterflies of Western Stara Planina Mts (Bulgaria & Serbia) (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) MARIO LANGOUROV National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria. E-mail: [email protected] Received 9 January 2019 │ Accepted by V. Pešić: 7 March 2019 │ Published online 9 March 2019. Abstract The paper represents results of surveys carried out in the Western Stara Planina Mts within the last four years in order to improve the knowledge of the butterfly fauna, especially in the Bulgarian part of the mountain. A total of 150 species of Lepidoptera (Papilionoidea) was recorded with comments on their distribution in the Bulgarian part of the studied region. Nineteen species were recorded for the first time in the Bulgarian part of the mountain and one species (Apatura metis) – for the Serbian part. It has been found that the highest butterfly diversity is linked to the largest limestone area in the mountain near Komshtitsa Village where 101 species were observed. Interesting records for some rare or endangered species (Muschampia cribrellum, M. tessellum, Lycaena helle, Kirinia climene, Apatura metis, Nymphalis vaualbum, Melitaea didyma, M. arduinna, M. diamina and Brenthis ino) are discussed in detail. The high conservation value of the studied region proves by the species considered as threatened at the European level, of which seven species are included in the Annexes II and IV of the Habitats Directive, 12 species are listed in the Red Data Book of European butterflies and 26 in the European Red List of Butterflies. Key words: Papilionoidea, Western Stara Planina Mts, distribution, diversity, new records. Introduction Western Stara Planina is a part of the Stara Planina (Balkan) mountain range, but it is characterised by a northwest-southeastern stretch. To the west it is bounded by the Timok River valley, and to the east it reaches the Botevgrad pass and the Bebresh River valley. As far as the Petrohan Pass the central ridge is clear and remarkable, and to the east of it the mountain branched out and considerably expanded. Here from north to south are the following parts: Vrachanska Planina Mountain, Koznitsa, Ponor and Mala planina, which to the west is closely related to Chepan Hill. In the lowest parts, the climate is moderate continental, and in its higher parts (over 1000 m for the northern expositions and over 1500 m for the southern ones) is mountainous. The soils and vegetation show a clear vertical zonality, in the lower parts the soils are grey forest soils, in the middle mountain area - brown forest soils, and in the mountainous parts - mountain- meadow soils. The vegetation of the lowest parts is represented by the oak and hornbeam (mostly sprout) vegetation, and at the limestone terrain in the southern slopes is heavily thermophilous steppe one. Higher, between 800 and 1500/1600 m follow beech forests pass through a fragmentation of the coniferous forests Ecologica Montenegrina, 20, 2019, 119-162 NEW DATA ON THE BUTTERFLIES OF WESTERN STARA PLANINA MTS. (represented by spruce and white fir) and over 1700/1800 m are occupied by a low shrub formation (juniper and berries) and pseudosubalpine grass vegetation. The first information for the butterflies of the Western Stara Planina Mts is found in the earliest works on Bulgarian Lepidoptera fauna by Bachmetjew (1896-1897, 1902) and Rebel (1903). The detailed works of Buresch & Tuleschkov (1929, 1930) include some new records, followed two years later, by a special article devoted to the Western Stara Planina Mts which include 28 species (Tuleschkov, 1932). The middle of the 20th century brought even more entomological activities with detailed survey of the butterflies and moths of the Iskar Gorge published by Slivov (1968). Most data are contained in the works of Abadjiev (2001) (published June 2001) and Beshkov (2001) (published December 2001) which, in addition to summarising all published data up to then, contain a number of new ones. Some additions to these works are found in the publications of Dinca et al. (2010), Popović et al. (2014). During the last few decades a multitude of faunistic papers were published covering Serbian part of the mountain (Parker & Jakšić 1996; Jakšić 1999; Zečević 2002; Stojanović-Radić 2007; Swaay et al. 2007; Popović et al. 2013), followed by a special book on the butterflies of the Serbian part of the mountain (Popović & Ðurić 2014). However, entire areas remain practically unexplored (e.g. the area of Godech - Gubesh, Smolcha and Komshtitsa villages and the environs of Chiprovtsi with Prevala and Stakevtsi villages), and we have concentrated on them our efforts. At the same time, in order to fill the evident gap in the published records of butterflies in the region we have summarised our observations for all other places we visited on both sides of the border and provide a discussion of the more interesting species. Figure 1. Map of the localities (numbered as waypoints). Maps legend: blue lines – rivers, red line – country border, grey area – Western Stara Planina Mts. 120 LANGOUROV Material and methods Altogether, 60 sites (42 in Bulgarian part and 18 – in Serbian) were visited in Western Stara Planina Mts (see Fig. 1 and the list below), those with butterfly-rich habitats, most of the localities on several occasions and some of them in different seasons too. Most of the butterflies were photographed in the nature or netted for identification and released. The genitalia of Hipparchia spp. were checked according to Lafranchis (2004), without harming the butterflies. During our survey, coordinates and altitudes were obtained in the field with GPS (Garmin nüvi 2597 LMT). Photographs were taken with a Panasonic DC-FZ82 camera. Butterflies are listed in taxonomical order following the nomenclature of Tshikolovets (2011) (modified after Tshikolovets et al. 2016, 2018). The surveyed localities are: Bulgaria [BG1] Belogradchik Rocks, near Belogradchik; meadows between sandstone and conglomerate rock formations; 466- 516 m; 43.62063°N, 22.68716°E. [BG2] Chiflitsi Village; meadows near riverbank wood; 334 m; 43.59833°N, 22.65398°E; 11 June 2014. [BG3] Borovitsa Village, Varbovka River; meadows near riverbank wood; 292 m; 43.57174°N, 22.69922°E; 11 June 2014. [BG4] above Stakevtsi Village, near Golemata Reka River; meadows/ riverbank wood; 580 m; 43.52678°N, 22.56220°E (Fig. 2). [BG5] above Stakevtsi Village, near Stakevtsi Waterfall; clearings in mixed deciduous and riverbank wood; 787 m; 43.49286°N, 22.55240°E (Fig. 2). [BG6] Dolni Lom Village, river valley; bushes/ riverbank wood; 366 m; 43.49912°N, 22.78157°E. [BG7] between Gorni Lom to Martinovo villages; meadows/ riverbank wood; 631-703 m; 43.44520°N, 22.72609°E. [BG8] road to Midzhur Hut; riverbank/beech wood; 780 m; 43.43208°N, 22.72011°E; 11 June 2014. [BG9] Prevala Village, Prevalsko Vrelo karst spring; riverbank wood/ meadows; 453 m; 43.46904°N, 22.86232°E; 11 June 2014. [BG10] above Prevala Village, near Lenitsa River; riverbank wood/ meadows; 489 m; 43.46217°N, 22.85442°E. [BG11] Stefanov Most Bridge on Chiprovska River, N of Zhelezna Village; meadows/ riverbank; 381 m; 43.39700°N, 22.92537°E. [BG12] above Chiprovtsi, near Androvitsa River; meadows/ riverbank; 579 m; 43.37953°N, 22.86128°E. [BG13] Gorni Pilatovets place, above Chiprovtsi; meadows/ riverbank; 633 m; 43.37595°N, 22.85352°E; 7 July 2015. [BG14] above Chiprovtsi, near Stara Reka River; meadows/ riverbank; 655-671 m; 43.37290°N, 22.84286°E. [BG15] Androvitsa and Kresnin Lom Rivers confluence, above Chiprovtsi; meadows with bushes and scattered trees; 689 m; 43.36916°N, 22.85179°E; 10.vi.2014. [BG16] Yavor Hut, above Chiprovtsi; meadows with bushes and scattered trees; 840 m; 43.36233°N, 22.83692°E; 10.vi.2014. [BG17] Dorchin Kladenets near Aldintsi Peak, above Chiprovtsi; mountain meadows; 977 m; 43.34722°N, 22.85148°E. [BG18] Orlovitsa place, above Chiprovtsi; mountain meadow in mixed wood; 1239 m; 43.34361°N, 22.84294°E. [BG19] Yakovo Boishte place, above Chiprovtsi; mountain meadow in mixed wood; 1450 m; 43.35061°N, 22.81989°E; 10 June 2014. [BG20] Deyanitsa place, above Chiprovtsi; mountain meadow in mixed wood; 1550 m; 43.33884°N, 22.82788°E. [BG21] near Spasova Sahan River, above Chiprovtsi; hygrophilous vegetation above timberline; 1579-1643 m; 43.34401°N, 22.80872°E. [BG22] Tri Kladentsi place, near Vrazha Glava Peak, above Chiprovtsi; hygrophilous vegetation in subalpine zone; 1744 m; 43.34192°N, 22.80230°E (Fig. 2). [BG23] near Gaganitsa Village; scrubby dry meadow; 271 m; 43.32903°N, 23.12929°E; 21 June 2017. [BG24] near St Ivan Pusti Monastery, N of Vratsa; clearings in mixed wood; 385 m; 43.24375°N, 23.47001°E; 12 June 2014. [BG25] Komshtitsa Village, crossroad to Gubesh; suburban/scrubby limestone hills in a river valley; 915 m; 43.09047°N, 22.99289°E. [BG26] Komshtitsa Village; suburban/scrubby limestone hills in a river valley; 930 m; 43.09929°N, 22.99863°E. [BG27] above Komshtitsa Village, near Visochitsa River; scrubby limestone hills in a river valley; 950-1050 m; 43.10540°N, 23.00395°E (Fig. 3). [BG28] near Smolcha Village; scrubby limestone hills; 938 m; 43.06343°N, 22.97219°E. [BG29] near Gubesh Village; scrubby limestone hills in a river valley; 1020 m; 43.07969°N, 23.04204°E (Fig. 3). [BG30] Kostadinovets Spring, near Gubesh Village; limestone hills/ wet meadow; 1052 m; 43.07605°N, 23.05626°E. [BG31] crossroad to Tizoina Cave, near Gubesh Village; meadows/pastures near deciduous wood; 1136 m; 43.07038°N, 23.06784°E; 27 May 2016. [BG32] Godech; suburban; 747 m; 43.030117°N, 23.068684°E; 16 June 2017.
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