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Det Europæiske Råd QC-31-11-406-DA-C DET EUROPÆISKE RÅD DA DET EUROPÆISKE RÅD Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 175 1048 Bruxelles/Brussel Det Europæiske Råd BELGIQUE/BELGIË Tlf. +32 22816111 50 år med topmøder www.european-council.europa.eu GENERALSEKRETARIATET FOR RÅDET EN INSTITUTION I SPIDSEN DET EUROPÆISKE RÅD FOR DEN EUROPÆISKE UNION 2011 50 år med topmøder: milepælene Justus Lipsius-Bygningen, Det Europæiske Råds hjemsted Pressecentret under et møde i Det Europæiske Råd 1. december 2009 Det Europæiske Råd bliver en institution Lissabontraktaten træder i kraft: Det Europæiske Råd bliver en institution, og dets »Det Europæiske Råd tilfører Unionen den fremdrift, der er nødvendig for dens udvikling, og formand vælges for to et halvt år ad gangen. fastlægger dens overordnede politiske retningslinjer og prioriteter. [...] Formand Herman Van Rompuy og kansler Angela Merkel, Det Europæiske Råd består af medlemsstaternes stats- og regeringschefer samt af sin formand og Det Europæiske Råd, Bruxelles, den 16.-17. december 2010 Kommissionens formand. [...]« (artikel 15 i traktaten om Den Europæiske Union) 09 0 009 009 009 009 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0 20092009200920092009200920092009200920092009200920020020020 20 20 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Det Europæiske Råd: traktaten om Den Europæiske Union 19.-20. juni 2003 i Thessaloniki »Det Europæiske Råd tilfører Unionen den fremdrift, der er nødvendig for Det Europæiske Råds sidste møde i formandskabslandet — nu holdes dens udvikling, og fastlægger de møderne i Bruxelles. overordnede politiske retningslinjer t r herfor. [...]« ne ie a B e (artikel D i Maastrichttraktaten) r d An g/ n 1. november 1993 u er »[...] Det Europæiske Råd fastlægger sregi e d principperne og de overordnede Det Europæiske Råds opgaver n u B t: fastlægges i traktaten om Den h retningslinjer for den fælles uden- yrig p o Europæiske Union C rigs- og sikkerhedspolitik. [...]« (Maastrichttraktaten). Gruppebillede, den 19.-20. juni 2003 i Thessaloniki (artikel J.8 i Maastrichttraktaten) Det Europæiske Råds første møde efter Maastrichttrakta- tens ikrafttræden, den 10.-11. december 1993 i Bruxelles 3 93 9 993 993 993 993 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 9 9 9 19931993199319931993199319931993199319931993199319931993199319931993199319 1 1 1 Det Europæiske Råd: begyndelsen 1. juli 1987 Det Europæiske Råd optages »[...] Det blev nødvendigt at vende i den europæiske fælles akt. tilbage til magtens kilder for først doi:10.2860/58115 at fuldende den økonomiske union [...]; derefter kunne man søge for- mer for en mere fuldstændig og mere Det Europæiske Råds første møde dybtgående union [...].« 10.-11. marts 1975 i Dublin efter den europæiske fælles akts ikrafttræden, Jean Monnet afslutter i 1976 sine den 4.-5. december 1987 i København Det Europæiske Råds første møde erindringer med et kapitel om Det Europæiske Råd. 5 5 5 5 Gruppebillede, den 10.-11. marts 1975 i Dublin 7 975 975 975 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 9 9 1975197519751975197519751975197519751975197519751975197519751971 1 1 1 Topmøder 9.-10. december 1974 i Paris 14.-15. december 1973 i København 9.-10. december 1974 i Paris Oliekrise »Topmødet er dødt. Længe leve Det Europæiske Råd.« (udtalelse fra den franske præsident, Valéry Giscard 19.-20. oktober 1972 i Paris d’Estaing, ved topmødets afslutning) Danmark, Det Forenede Kongerige og Irland deltager. r ine e t S 18. juli 1961 i Bonn 1.-2. december 1969 i Haag n go E , 2 »Stats- og regeringscheferne har besluttet med jævne Politisk beslutning om den første -00 21 0 Arbejdsmøde, den 9.-10. december 1974 i Paris 1 1 0 mellemrum at holde møder, der har til formål at udvidelse -F d l i B © Den © Den ARKIVSAMLING 5 udveksle synspunkter, samordne deres politikker og nå 4 1 , iv ch 29.-30. maj 1967 i Rom r a frem til fælles holdninger for at fremme politisk forening Europæiske Union, 2011 — QC-32-10-634-DA-P 2011 Union, Europæiske Den tyske kansler, Konrad Adenauer, møder es und 10 år med Romtraktaten den franske præsident, Charles de Gaulle. B i Europa.« (kommuniké fra topmødet) til topmøde den 18. juli 1961 i Bonn. 18. juli 1961 i Bonn 10.-11. februar 1961 i Paris 10.-11. februar 1961 i Paris »Mødet havde til formål at søge egnede midler til at etablere et tættere politisk 1961 samarbejde.« (kommuniké fra topmødet) www.european-council.europa.eu DECEMBER 2011 Bemærkning SÅDAN FÅR MAN FAT I PUBLIKATIONER FRA EU Denne brochure er fremstillet af Generalsekretariatet for Rådet og er kun til informationsbrug. Gratis publikationer: • Via EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu). Yderligere oplysninger om Det Europæiske Råd og Rådet kan fås på følgende websteder: • Hos Den Europæiske Unions repræsentationer eller delegationer. Kontaktoplysninger kan fi ndes på: http://ec.europa.eu www.european-council.europa.eu eller fås ved at sende en fax til +352 292942758. www.consilium.europa.eu Betalingspublikationer: eller ved henvendelse til Generalsekretariatet for Rådet, Informationsafdelingen, på • Via EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu). følgende adresse: Betalingsabonnementer (f.eks. Den Europæiske Unions Tidende og samlinger af afgørelser fra Den Europæiske Unions Domstol): Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 175 • Via Den Europæiske Unions Publikationskontors salgskontorer 1048 Bruxelles/Brussel (http://publications.europa.eu/others/agents/index_da.htm). BELGIQUE/BELGIË Tlf. +32 22815650 Fax +32 22814977 Internet: www.consilium.europa.eu/infopublic Yderligere oplysninger om EU fås på internet via Europaserveren (http://europa.eu) Katalogoplysninger fi ndes bagest i denne publikation Luxembourg: Den Europæiske Unions Publikationskontor, 2012 ISBN 978-92-824-3482-6 doi:10.2860/58115 © Den Europæiske Union, 2012 Eft ertryk tilladt med kildeangivelse Printed in Belgium Trykt på hvidt papir bleget uden brug af frit klor (ECF) Det Europæiske Råd 50 år med topmøder Indhold Forord . 4 Indledning . 5 Topmøder. 6 Det Europæiske Råds første tid. 8 Det Europæiske Råd i traktaterne. 10 Den europæiske fælles akt . 10 Maastrichttraktaten . 10 Amsterdamtraktaten og Nicetraktaten. 12 Det Europæiske Råd bliver en institution . 15 Kronologi over topmøderne og møderne i Det Europæiske Råd. 17 Yderligere oplysninger . 23 3 Forord Denne brochure gennemgår Det Europæiske Råds tilblivelse og historie. Den er udarbejdet som supplement til plakaten for den historiske serie (arkivet): »Det Europæiske Råd: en institution i spidsen for Den Europæiske Union«. Med udgangspunkt i det første topmøde i 1961 i Paris beskrives udviklingen af Det Euro- pæiske Råds funktionsmåde, rolle og mandat, indtil det blev en fuldgyldig institution med Lissabontraktaten i 2009. En udtømmende liste over alle Det Europæiske Råds møder samt topmøder siden 1961 fi ndes bag i brochuren. Brochuren henvender sig til akademiske kredse, forskere og enhver med særlig interesse for den europæiske integrations historie. Bemærkninger eller forslag kan sendes via e-post til følgende adresse: [email protected] 4 Indledning Stats- og regeringscheferne for de seks medlemsstater i Det Europæiske Kul- og Stålfælles- skab (EKSF) mødtes den 19.-20. februar 1957 i Paris eft er indbydelse fra det franske mini- sterråds præsident Guy Mollet for at løse de sidste vanskeligheder i forbindelse med udar- bejdelsen af de kommende Romtraktater. Eft er Romtraktaternes ikraft træden tog præsident Charles de Gaulle idéen om at mødes på højeste plan op igen. Han arrangerede således det første topmøde mellem stats- og rege- ringscheferne for de seks medlemsstater i De Europæiske Fællesskaber i februar 1961 i Paris. I de 50 år, der er gået eft er dette første topmøde mellem medlemsstaternes stats- og rege- ringschefer, har Det Europæiske Råd gradvist udviklet sig fra at være en lejlighedsvis begi- venhed til nu at have fået status som europæisk institution. Vi vil benytte denne årsdag til kort at gennemgå historien bag denne nye institution, som allerede fra starten var centrum for de væsentligste afgørelser, der blev truff et af medlemsstaterne med hensyn til deres inte- gration. Denne historie afspejler Den Europæiske Unions historie som helhed: dens politik- ker, ambitioner, kriser og fremskridt. 5 Topmøder Det første topmøde, som blev holdt i februar 1961 i Paris, »[…] havde til formål at søge egnede midler til at etablere et tættere politisk samarbejde […]« (1). Det, at mødet blev holdt på stats- og regeringschefniveau, gjorde det muligt at tage vigtige emner op, der ikke indgik i Paris- og Romtraktaten, som f.eks. visse aspekter vedrørende forbindelserne med tredjelande. På topmødet i juli 1961 i Bonn gik de seks videre med idéen om et dybtgående politisk samarbejde og erklærede: »Stats- og regeringscheferne […] har besluttet […] med jævne mellemrum at holde møder med henblik på at udveksle deres synspunkter, samordne deres politikker og nå frem til fælles holdninger for at fremme politisk forening i Europa […]« (2). I denne periode havde udviklingen hen imod en mulig politisk union imidlertid trange kår, hvilket navnlig kom til udtryk ved, at »Fouchetplanerne« (3) led skibbrud i 1961 og 1962, at der var uenighed i 1963 og 1967 i forbindelse med den første udvidelse, og at der opstod en krise med den »tomme stol« i 1965, hvor Frankrig nægtede at deltage i møderne i Rådet og dets organer. I dette klima holdt stats- og regeringscheferne op med at mødes indtil maj 1967, hvor top- mødet i Rom blev anledningen til formelt at fejre tiårsdagen for undertegnelsen af EØF- traktaten og Euratomtraktaten. (1) Kommuniké fra topmødet. (2) Offi cielt kommuniké fra topmødet. (3) Christian Fouchet var formand for den kommission, der blev oprettet på
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