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Handbook on CSDP The Common Security and Defence Policy of the European Union Volume I 4th edition HANDBOOK ON CSDP THE COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION Fourth edition edited by Jochen Rehrl with forewords by Josep Borrell High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice President of the European Commission Klaudia Tanner Federal Minister of Defence of the Republic of Austria This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. Disclaimer: Any views or opinions presented in this handbook are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the European Union and the Federal Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Austria. Publication of the Federal Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Austria Editor: Jochen Rehrl Idea and concept: Jochen Rehrl Layout: Axel Scala, Andreas Penkler, Armed Forces Printing Centre, Vienna Published by: Directorate for Security Policy of the Federal Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Austria Picture credits for the front page: EUTM Mail, EUMM Georgia, EULEX Kosovo, Dati Bendo, Johan Lundahl Printed and bound by: Armed Forces Printing Centre, Vienna/Austria, 2021 21-00677 © Federal Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Austria and Jochen Rehrl ISBN: 978-3-902275-51-6 Printed according to the Austrian Ecolabel for printed matter, UW-Nr. 943 CONTENTS 1 COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY 1.1. History and Development of the CSDP (Gustav Lindstrom) ....................................... 16 1.2. The EU Global Strategy ................................................................................................ 21 Graphic: Peace and Security ............................................................................................ 26 Factsheet: European Defence Action Plan ......................................................................... 28 1.3. Analysing the EU Global Strategy on Foreign and Security Policy (Sven Biscop) .......... 29 1.4. CSDP – State of Affairs (Jochen Rehrl)......................................................................... 37 2 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 2.1. The European Council and the Council of the European Union (Luis Amorim and Georg Klein) ................................................................................... 44 2.1.1. The European Council .................................................................................... 44 2.1.2. The Council of the European Union .............................................................. 48 2.2. The Role of the European Commission in the CSDP (Diego de Ojeda) ....................... 53 2.3. The Role of the European Parliament in the CSDP (Jérôme Legrand) .......................... 57 2.4. The European External Action Service and the CSDP (Arnold Kammel and Jochen Rehrl) ............................................................................. 65 2.5. EEAS Crisis Response Mechanism (Pedro Serrano)* ..................................................... 73 2.6. The Single Intelligence Analysis Capacity (Jose Morgado and Radoslaw Jezewski) ........ 76 3 CSDP MISSIONS AND OPERATIONS 3.1. How to plan and launch a CSDP Mission or Operation (Fernando Moreno) ............... 80 3.2. Challenges of Military Operations and Missions (Georgios Tsitsikostas)*...................... 86 3.3. Challenges for Civilian CSDP Missions (Kate Fearon and Sophie Picavet)*.................. 92 3.4. The Civilian CSDP Compact (Crista Huisman and Deirdre Clarke Lyster) ................ 100 3.5. The European Peace Facility (Sebastian Puig Soler) ..................................................... 103 4 EVOLVING SECURITY CHALLENGES 4.1. Migration and CSDP (Jochen Rehrl)* ........................................................................ 110 Factsheet: A European Border and Coast Guard ............................................................. 118 4.2. Counter-Terrorism and the CSDP (Birgit Löser)* ....................................................... 120 4.3. Cyber Security/Defence and the CSDP (Jan Peter Giesecke)* ..................................... 125 4.4. Hybrid Threat and the CSDP (John Maas)* ............................................................... 131 * This article is a reprint from the HANDBOOK ON CSDP, 3rd edition, 2017. 3 5 CROSS-CUTTING CSDP ISSUES 5.1. Gender and Women, Peace and Security in the CSDP (Taina Järvinen)* .................... 138 5.2. Human Rights and the CSDP (Taina Järvinen)* ......................................................... 141 5.3. Rule of Law and the CSDP (Daphne Lodder)*........................................................... 144 5.4. Strategic Framework to Support SSR (Karin Gatt Rutter and Gianmarco Scuppa)* .... 150 6 CFSP AGENCIES 6.1. EU Institute for Security Studies (Gustav Lindstrom) ................................................. 154 6.2. The European Union Satellite Centre (Sorin Ducaru) ................................................. 158 6.3. The European Defence Agency (Jiří Šedivý) ................................................................ 163 7 COOPERATION AND COLLABORATION 7.1. Partnerships in Security and Defence (Alison Weston and Frédéric Maduraud) .......... 168 7.2. Training for Partnerships (Jochen Rehrl) ..................................................................... 176 7.3. Internal-External Security Nexus: CSDP-JHA Cooperation (Crista Huisman) ........... 180 7.4. The Security and Development Nexus (Clément Boutillier)* ...................................... 185 8 CAPABILITY DEVELOPMENT 8.1. Civilian and Military Capability Development (Klaus Schadenbauer) ........................ 196 8.2. Case Study: Covid-19 and its Impact on the Defence Sector (Tania Latici) ................. 210 8.3. Case Study: Climate Change and its Impact on Security (Luiza-Iulia Pufu) ................ 218 8.4. Case Study: Digitalisation of Defence (Daniel Fiott)................................................... 223 8.5. Case Study: Disinformation (Vicente Diaz de Villegas Roig) ...................................... 234 9 TRAINING AND EDUCATION 9.1. The CSDP Training Policy (Horst Koukhol)* ............................................................. 242 9.2. The European Security and Defence College (Dirk Dubois) ....................................... 245 9.3. Military Erasmus – European Initiative for Young Officers inspired by Erasmus (Harald Gell) .............................................................................................................. 248 9.4. The Positive Side Effects of Training – The Security Policy Dimension (Jochen Rehrl)* .......................................................... 251 List of Authors ................................................................................................................................ 259 * This article is a reprint from the HANDBOOK ON CSDP, 3rd edition, 2017. 4 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS A CD Creative Destruction AF Armed Forces CD Cyber Defence AFET Committee on Foreign Affairs (EP) CDM Capability Development Mechanism AIES Austrian Institute for European CDP Capability Development Plan Security CDPF Cyber Defence Policy Framework AKU Autonomous Knowledge Unit CDPF Cyber Defence Policy Framework AMIS African Union Mission in Sudan CEDC Central European Defence Co op- AMISOM African Union Mission in Somalia eration APF African Peace Facility CERT Computer Emergency Response ARF ASEAN Regional Forum Team ARGUS Secure Rapid General Alert System CF SEDSS Consultation Forum for Sustain- ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian able Energy in the Defence and Nations Security Sector ASEM Asia-Europe Meeting CHG Civilian Headline Goal AU African Union CIP Critical Infrastructure Protection CivCom Committee for Civilian Aspects of B Crisis Management BBC British Broadcasting Corporation CMC Crisis Management Concept BENELUX Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxem- CMP crisis management procedure bourg CMPD Crisis Management and Planning BG Battle Group Directorate BIS Budgetary Impact Statement CoE Council of Europe COM Commander C CONOPS Concept of Operations C-IED Counter Improvised Explosive COPPS Coordinating Office for Palestin- Device ian Police Support (EUPOL) C2 Command and control COREPER Committee of Permanent Repre- C3 Command, Control & Commu- sentatives of the Governments of nications the Member States C3I Command, Control, Communi- COSI Standing Committee on Oper- cation & Intelligence ational Cooperation on Internal CA Comprehensive Approach Security CAR Central African Republic COVID Coronavirus disease CARD Coordinated Annual Review on CPCC Civilian Planning and Conduct Defence Capability CBM Confidence-Building Measure CPPB Conflict Prevention and Peace CBRN Chemical, biological, radiological Building and nuclear CRM Crisis Response Mechanism CBSD Capacity Building in Support of (EEAS) Security and Development CS Cyber Security CCC Civilian CSDP Compact CSDP Common Security and Defence CCDP Civilian Capability Development Plan Policy 5 CSO Civilian strategic options EDTIB European Defence Technological CT/P-CVE Counter-terrorism/Prevention and and Industrial Base Countering Violent Extremism EEAS European External Action Service CT Counter-terrorism EEC European Economic Community CVE Countering Violent Extremism EGF European Gendarmerie Force EGS European Global Strategy D EIDHR European Instrument for DCI Development Cooperation Democracy and Human Rights Instrument EIGE European Institute for Gender DDoS Distributed Denial-of-Service Equality (cyber attack) eLCIP
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