Marriage and Divorce Practices in Native California
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CO U S I N M a R R I a G E Must Ultimately Be Deduced from The
N I N E GI LYA K CO U S I N MA R R I A G E A N D MO R G A N’S HY P O T H E S I S1 [113–129; 155–159, 168–185, 159–167; 219–235; 114–124] C O U S I N M A R R I A G E must ultimately be deduced from the realization that close blood marriage between close blood relatives is harmful. We have seen that primitive man, for a number of reasons (be they religious conservatism, ideas associated with ances- tor worship, or the desire for a peaceful organization of marriage), did not pass direct- ly from marriage between brother and sister to marriage between remote relations or strangers. Our goal in this chapter is to trace the genetic link between the Gilyak system and that of Australia, to see how the Gilyak diverged from the Australian sys- tem at the stage when marriage between two-sided first-cousins first began to come into disrepute [114].2 The great transformation towards exogamous marriage took place with extrem e slowness. Thus, as is the case even now among the Australian natives, the first form of exogamy adopted was that of enforced marriage between children of brother and sister. As the marriages occur uniformly from generation to generation, the group, in matrimonial orde r , is necessarily divided into two moieties which, following the gen- erations, exchange their women by cross-cousin marriage. In its application to indi- vidual families, this system requires that the son of a brother marry the latter’s sis- ter’s daughter, and conversely, the son of a sister, the latter’s brother’s daughter. -
FY 2020 Coordinated Tribal Assistance Solicitation Combined Award List Page 1 of 8 Nunakauyarmiut Tribe $500,950 1
Department of Justice Fiscal Year 2020 Coordinated Tribal Assistance Solicitation Combined Award List ALASKA AMOUNT: $13,596,823 Alaska Native Justice Center $450,000 6. Children’s Justice Act Partnerships for Indian Communities (OVC) $450,000 Aleutian Pribilof Islands Association, Inc. $880,702 5. Violence Against Women Tribal Governments Program (OVW) $880,702 Asa'carsarmiut Tribal Council $387,415 1. Public Safety and Community Policing (COPS) $387,415 Central Council Tlingit and Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska $1,208,431 4. Tribal Justice System Infrastructure Program (BJA) $1,208,431 Fairbanks Native Association $416,030 9. Tribal Youth Program (OJJDP) $416,030 Kawerak, Inc. $1,229,928 3. Justice Systems and Alcohol and Substance Abuse (BJA) $813,898 9. Tribal Youth Program (OJJDP) $416,030 Koyukuk Native Village $437,628 1. Public Safety and Community Policing (COPS) $437,628 Maniilaq Association $699,015 5. Violence Against Women Tribal Governments Program (OVW) $699,015 Manokotak Village Council $362,390 1. Public Safety and Community Policing (COPS) $362,390 Native Village of Fort Yukon $390,820 1. Public Safety and Community Policing (COPS) $390,820 Native Village of Kwinhagak $306,123 1. Public Safety and Community Policing (COPS) $306,123 Native Village of Napakiak $453,859 1. Public Safety and Community Policing (COPS) $453,859 Native Village of Nunapitchuk $465,365 1. Public Safety and Community Policing (COPS) $465,365 Native Village of Port Graham $272,618 5. Violence Against Women Tribal Governments Program (OVW) $272,618 Native Village of Port Heiden $385,000 5. Violence Against Women Tribal Governments Program (OVW) $385,000 Native Village of Shageluk $413,426 1. -
Plants Used in Basketry by the California Indians
PLANTS USED IN BASKETRY BY THE CALIFORNIA INDIANS BY RUTH EARL MERRILL PLANTS USED IN BASKETRY BY THE CALIFORNIA INDIANS RUTH EARL MERRILL INTRODUCTION In undertaking, as a study in economic botany, a tabulation of all the plants used by the California Indians, I found it advisable to limit myself, for the time being, to a particular form of use of plants. Basketry was chosen on account of the availability of material in the University's Anthropological Museum. Appreciation is due the mem- bers of the departments of Botany and Anthropology for criticism and suggestions, especially to Drs. H. M. Hall and A. L. Kroeber, under whose direction the study was carried out; to Miss Harriet A. Walker of the University Herbarium, and Mr. E. W. Gifford, Asso- ciate Curator of the Museum of Anthropology, without whose interest and cooperation the identification of baskets and basketry materials would have been impossible; and to Dr. H. I. Priestley, of the Ban- croft Library, whose translation of Pedro Fages' Voyages greatly facilitated literary research. Purpose of the sttudy.-There is perhaps no phase of American Indian culture which is better known, at least outside strictly anthro- pological circles, than basketry. Indian baskets are not only concrete, durable, and easily handled, but also beautiful, and may serve a variety of purposes beyond mere ornament in the civilized household. Hence they are to be found in. our homes as well as our museums, and much has been written about the art from both the scientific and the popular standpoints. To these statements, California, where American basketry. -
Waterman 1934: 3-4
a state society (i.e., Euro-American) in the historic past, manu- factured either by direct political or indirect economic pressures (1975). Thus, the concept "triblet" may, indeed, describe the situation in the entire Country. To reiterate, in California, triblets were organized around a central community for a number of nearby sub-ordinate settlements. However, in northwestern California, political organization was characterized by extreme fractionalism; the triblet was a loosely connected set of separate settlements, and people clustered in a town or village which did not have the sense of cohesiveness and continuity of other areas. Individualism, or atomism, was the rule for the Tolowa, Hupa, Chil- ula, Wiyot, Karok, and Yurok. Within certain class boundaries, north- western California was characterized by a man struggling for himself and his immediate family--competition rather than cooperation was the ideal (Bean 1974). Factionalism of the typical triblet pattern was reflected in other aspects of northwestern California culture. For instance in regard to marriage practices: ... apart from the generic tendency to seek wives 'downstream,' the Tolowa and Karok sought wives not only in the immediately adjacent Yurok dis- tricts, but also to some degree in farther ones; and the Yurok reciprocated correspondingly. The Hupa and Chilula, on the contrary, exchanged wives and husbands with the Yurok almost exclu- sively in the Weitspus district. This differ- ence seems to be connected with the Tolowa and Karok being on the upstream-downstream line, as the Yurok construe the world, but the Hupa and Chilula living in a 'side-stream' or 'up-hill' direction. Intercourse and relations evidently flowed most freely along the main thoroughfare of the Klamath and its coastwise 'continuation' (Waterman 1934: 3-4). -
Edible Seeds and Grains of California Tribes
National Plant Data Team August 2012 Edible Seeds and Grains of California Tribes and the Klamath Tribe of Oregon in the Phoebe Apperson Hearst Museum of Anthropology Collections, University of California, Berkeley August 2012 Cover photos: Left: Maidu woman harvesting tarweed seeds. Courtesy, The Field Museum, CSA1835 Right: Thick patch of elegant madia (Madia elegans) in a blue oak woodland in the Sierra foothills The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its pro- grams and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sex- ual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20250–9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Acknowledgments This report was authored by M. Kat Anderson, ethnoecologist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) and Jim Effenberger, Don Joley, and Deborah J. Lionakis Meyer, senior seed bota- nists, California Department of Food and Agriculture Plant Pest Diagnostics Center. Special thanks to the Phoebe Apperson Hearst Museum staff, especially Joan Knudsen, Natasha Johnson, Ira Jacknis, and Thusa Chu for approving the project, helping to locate catalogue cards, and lending us seed samples from their collections. -
Central California Agency
Tolowa Northern California Elk Valley Agency Resighini Karuk q Yurok Quartz Valley Big Lagoon Trinidad Hoopa Valley Fort Bidwell Blue Lake Pit River Tribe Northern Calif Agency Table Bluff Alturas Cedarville Rohnerville 364 Knollcrest Drive, Ste 105 Redding, CA 96002 Pit River Tribe 530-223-7960 Central CalIifD AAgeHncOy Redding Laytonville 650 Capitol Mall, Ste 8-500 Sherwood Valley Sacramento, CA 95814 916-930-3680 Redwood Valley Susanville Round Valley Coyote Valley Southern Calif Agency Pinoleville Paskenta Greenville Guidiville Grindstone 1451 Research Park Dr, Ste 100 Riverside, CA 92507 Potter Valley ! Berry Creek 951-276-6624 Robinson Mechoopda Scotts Valley Enterprise Manchester-Point Arena Upper Lake Colusa Mooretown Palm Springs Agency Hopland Elem Indian Colony PO Box 2245 Big Valley Cortina Stewarts Point Palm Springs, CA 92263 Middletown Auburn 760-416-2133 Yocha Dehe Pacific Regional Office ^ Cloverdale Koi Nation Graton Shingle Springs 2800 Cottage Way Dry Creek Washoe Sacramento, CA 95825 Wilton ^Ione 916-978-6000 Jackson Lytton Buena Vista Sheep Ranch Bridgeport Chicken Ranch Tuolumne Central California C A L I F O R N I A Western Regional Office Agency Benton Picayune North Fork Bishop Table Mountain Big Sandy Cold Springs Big Pine Timbisha Shoshone Fort Independence Santa Rosa Rancheria Lone Pine Timbisha Shoshone Tule River 0 50 100 ^Tejon Miles Santa Ynez ^ TRIBAL OFFICES TRIBAL LANDS Public Domain Allotments Palm Springs Fort Mojave Agency Datum: NAD83 Southern California San Manuel Agua Caliente The boundaries depicted on this map Santa Rosa Reservation Chemehuevi are for display purposes only. This data Morongo Twenty-Nine Palms does not address encroachments or Agency Cabazon questions of location, boundary, and area Soboba which an accurate survey may disclose. -
Federal Register/Vol. 86, No. 98/Monday, May 24, 2021/Notices
27892 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 98 / Monday, May 24, 2021 / Notices 225. Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of 273. Tolowa Dee-ni’ Nation Commission (‘‘Commission’’) Michigan 274. Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma determines, pursuant to the Tariff Act of 226. Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian 275. Tonto Apache Tribe 1930 (‘‘the Act’’), that revocation of the Community 276. Torres Martinez Desert Cahuilla countervailing duty and antidumping 227. Samish Indian Tribe Indians duty orders on certain steel grating from 228. San Carlos Apache Tribe 277. Tulalip Tribes of Washington China would be likely to lead to 229. San Manual Band of Mission 278. Tule River Tribe continuation or recurrence of material Indians 279. Tunica-Biloxi Indians of Louisiana injury to an industry in the United 230. San Pasqual Band of Diegueno 280. Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk States within a reasonably foreseeable Mission Indians Indians time. 231. Santa Rosa Rancheria Tachi-Yokut 281. Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Tribe Indians Background 232. Santa Ynez Band of Chumash 282. Twenty-Nine Palms Band of The Commission instituted these Mission Indians Mission Indians reviews on October 1, 2020 (85 FR 233. Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe 283. United Auburn Indian Community 61981) and determined on January 4, 234. Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa 284. Upper Sioux Community 2021 that it would conduct expedited Indians 285. Upper Skagit Indian Tribe of reviews (86 FR 19286, April 13, 2021). 235. Scotts Valley Band of Pomo Indians Washington The Commission made these 236. Seminole Nation of Oklahoma 286. Ute Mountain Ute Tribe determinations pursuant to section 237. -
Federally Recognized Indian Tribes
Appendix C: Federally Recognized Indian Tribes The following tribal entities within the contiguous 48 states are recognized and eligible to receive services from the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs. For further information contact Bureau of Indian Affairs, Division of Tribal Government Services, 1849 C Street N.W., Washington, DC 20240; Telephone number (202) 208-7445.1 Figure C.1 shows the location of the Federally Recognized Tribes. 1. Absentee-Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma 2. Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians of the Agua Caliente Indian Reservation, California 3. Ak Chin Indian Community of Papago Indians of the Maricopa, Ak Chin Reservation, Arizona 4. Alabama and Coushatta Tribes of Texas 5. Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town of the Creek Nation of Oklahoma 6. Alturas Rancheria of Pit River Indians of California 7. Apache Tribe of Oklahoma 8. Arapahoe Tribe of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming 9. Aroostook Band of Micmac Indians of Maine 10. Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes of the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana 11. Augustine Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Augustine Reservation, California 12. Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians of the Bad River Reservation, Wisconsin 13. Bay Mills Indian Community of the Sault Ste. Marie Band of Chippewa Indians Bay Mills. Reservation, Michigan 14. Berry Creek Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California 15. Big Lagoon Rancheria of Smith River Indians of California 1Federal Register, Vol. 61, No. 220, November 13, 1996. C–1 Figure C.1.—Locations of Federally Recognized Indian Tribes and Alaska Native Corporations. C–2 16. -
California Rural Indian Health Board (CRIBB)
The Center for Indian Community Development California Rural Indian Health Board (CRIBB) liil his year marks the 25th anniver- provided by the Indian Health 1.11 sary of the California Rural Indian Service, however, in Califor Health Board (CRIHB). CRIHB origi nia, Indians were considered nally began with nine Rural Indian Health lucky if they got an occasional CALIFORNIA RURAL Demonstration Projects coming together visit from a public health nurse to form one new non-profit organiza or were able to access the two INDIAN HEALTH BOARD tion. The organization has continued to Indian Health Service hospi be an advocate for the health care needs tals in the state. of all Indians in California. Currently, there are 27 tribes who have given CRIHB In 1953, huge changes oc a resolution for the delivery of health curred in California, as well as care at 12 different health care programs across the nation. In a sweep of throughout California. Their budget has their legislative arm, the state increased from an 18-month budget of of California and federal gov $245,000 to a three year budget of $37.4 ernment called for the termi 'n. Although there has definitely nation of federal authority over _tps and downs, CRIHB has been Indian lands (Assembly Joint o weather the storm and still exist as Resolution 38), terminated the one of the most influential organizations IHS for Indians in California in California "Indian Country." (HCR 108), and extended state jurisdiction over health care, It is important to note that previous criminal offenses committed C R I H B to the development of CRIHB, there was in Indian country, and other little, if any, health care available to most matters (Public Law 83-280). -
California-Nevada Region
Research Guides for both historic and modern Native Communities relating to records held at the National Archives California Nevada Introduction Page Introduction Page Historic Native Communities Historic Native Communities Modern Native Communities Modern Native Communities Sample Document Beginning of the Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the U.S. Government and the Kahwea, San Luis Rey, and Cocomcahra Indians. Signed at the Village of Temecula, California, 1/5/1852. National Archives. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/55030733 National Archives Native Communities Research Guides. https://www.archives.gov/education/native-communities California Native Communities To perform a search of more general records of California’s Native People in the National Archives Online Catalog, use Advanced Search. Enter California in the search box and 75 in the Record Group box (Bureau of Indian Affairs). There are several great resources available for general information and material for kids about the Native People of California, such as the Native Languages and National Museum of the American Indian websites. Type California into the main search box for both. Related state agencies and universities may also hold records or information about these communities. Examples might include the California State Archives, the Online Archive of California, and the University of California Santa Barbara Native American Collections. Historic California Native Communities Federally Recognized Native Communities in California (2018) Sample Document Map of Selected Site for Indian Reservation in Mendocino County, California, 7/30/1856. National Archives: https://catalog.archives.gov/id/50926106 National Archives Native Communities Research Guides. https://www.archives.gov/education/native-communities Historic California Native Communities For a map of historic language areas in California, see Native Languages. -
Generalized Exchange1
Generalized Exchange1 Peter Bearman University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Generalized exchange, in which sections of a tribe exchange women in a cycle and thus guarantee social solidarity, was induced from models of the norms governing classi®catory kinship systems. A blockmodel analysis of one aboriginal tribe yields sections that serve as marriage classes in a generalized exchange system, though the norms that govern kinship would fail to manifest, if followed, a cycle for exchange. Generalized exchange systems emerge from inequali- ties exogenous to the kinship system, speci®cally gerontocracy. Mod- els of norms are weak predictors of actual exchange structures. Mod- els of relations yield insight into the etiology of systems that build social solidarity from social exchange. When I was in my mother's womb, social structure seemed a simple thing. (Gang of Four) INTRODUCTION This article focuses on identifying the conditions under which social soli- darity emerges from exchange relations. The empirical focus is on the observed behaviors of persons whose exchanges induce a stable social or- der. The setting (Groote Eylandt, an island off Australia), the persons (Aborigines), the language in which exchange is conducted (kinship), the relevant theoretical literature (classi®catory kinship theory), and the val- ues exchanged (women) are exotic for most sociologists. But many of the issues involvedÐthe relationship between normative orders governing action and actual behaviors, the identi®cation of micromechanisms that yield stable emergent structures, and the relationship between solidarity, exchange, and inequalityÐare central to problems we encounter in more familiar settings. 1 Harrison White, Richard Simpson, Sally Falk Moore, Eric Leifer, Charles Lindholm, Gerald Marwell, John Paul Boyd, Roger Gould, Peter Blau, Ron Breiger, Douglas White, and the AJS reviewers provided helpful advice on earlier drafts. -
Seven Aboriginal Marriage Systems and Their Correlates Ian Keen
Western University Scholarship@Western Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi) 2002 Seven Aboriginal marriage systems and their correlates Ian Keen Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/aprci Part of the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Citation of this paper: Keen, Ian, "Seven Aboriginal marriage systems and their correlates" (2002). Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi). 336. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/aprci/336 This article was downloaded by: [University of Western Ontario] On: 20 December 2012, At: 11:32 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Anthropological Forum: A Journal of Social Anthropology and Comparative Sociology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/canf20 Seven Aboriginal marriage systems and their correlates Ian Keen Version of record first published: 09 Jun 2010. To cite this article: Ian Keen (2002): Seven Aboriginal marriage systems and their correlates, Anthropological Forum: A Journal of Social Anthropology and Comparative Sociology, 12:2, 145-157 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/006646702320622770 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/ terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date.