DOCSLIB.ORG

A New Peloric Form of Cephalanthera Erecta (Orchidaceae) from Japan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A New Peloric Form of Cephalanthera Erecta (Orchidaceae) from Japan ISSN 1346-7565 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 71 (2): 163–169 (2020) doi: 10.18942/apg.201918 A New Peloric Form of Cephalanthera erecta (Orchidaceae) from Japan 1,* 2 3,† 3,4,‡ HIROSHI HAYAKAWA , KENJI SUETSUGU , SHOHEI FUJIMORI , TAKUTO SHITARA , JUN 5 6 YOKOYAMA AND TOMOHISA YUKAWA 1Museum of Natural and Environmental History, Shizuoka, 5762 Oya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8017, Japan. *[email protected] (author for correspondence); 2Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan; 3Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; 4Iriomote Sta- tion, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 870 Uehara, Taketomi-cho, Yaeyama-gun, Okinawa 907-1541, Japan; 5Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Kojirakawa, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan; 6Tsukuba Botanical Garden, National Museum of Nature and Science, 1-1, Amakubo 4, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan; †Present address: Department of Horticulture, Kochi Prefectural Makino Botanical Garden, 4200-6 Godai- san,, Kochi 781-8125, Japan; ‡Present address: Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technol- ogy, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan A new peloric form of Cephalanthera erecta (Thunb.) Blume (Orchidaceae) is reported from Hokkaido, Honshu, and Shikoku, Japan. Cephalanthera erecta f. pelorica Hiros. Hayak. & Suetsugu has an incon- spicuous lip and stigmas positioned at the apex of the column. The flowers of C. erecta f. pelorica re- semble those of the probable peloric form of C. erecta (i.e., C. erecta var. oblanceolata N. Pearce & P. J. Cribb, C. nanlingensis A. Q. Hu & F. W. Xing) and C. longifolia (L.) Fritsch. f. conformis Suetsugu & Hiros. Hayak. However, C. erecta f. pelorica can be distinguished from C. erecta var. oblanceolata, which has a swollen organ on the abaxial surface of the column apex (vs. no swollen organ); C. nanlin- gensis, which has two staminodes (vs. five staminodes), andC. longifolia f. conformis, which has elliptic, coriaceous leaves (vs. lanceolate, papyraceous leaves). Key words: Cephalanthera, lip, peloria, taxonomy Orchidaceae, one of the largest families of an- cal explorations in Japan (Suetsugu 2013, Hay- giosperms with over 26,000 species in 880 gen- akawa et al. 2014, 2016b, Suetsugu & Hayakawa era (Stevens 2001 onwards), exhibits consider- 2019). Peloric mutants of other taxa have also able morphological and ecological variation been observed to self-pollinate (e.g., Hayakawa et among the species. The specialized orchid lip dif- al. 2014, Suetsugu 2015). We therefore suspect fers from other perianth segments and aids in out- that additional self-pollinating peloric taxa might crossing by pollinators. The lip of peloric mu- be found in further surveys. tants, however, is undifferentiated and closely re- Cephalanthera Rich. comprises approximate- sembles the petals and/or sepals. Such flowers ex- ly 15 mixotrophic or fully mycoheterotrophic hibit radial symmetry unlike the normally zygo- species that occur throughout Europe, northern morphic flowers. Peloric mutants may be less Africa, eastern Asia, southeast Asia, and western common in nature because of the absence of a North America (Luer 1975, Satomi 1982, Yuka- specialized lip and their reduced reproductive wa 2015a). Seven peloric taxa have been reported success via outcrossing. Peloric mutants may in the genus (Pearce et al. 2001, Hu et al. 2009, therefore become extinct before being discovered Chen et al. 2010, Jin et al. 2011, Xiang et al. 2012, by botanists (Hayakawa et al. 2016a). We have, Hayakawa et al. 2014, 2016b, Suetsugu & Hay- however, observed self-pollination among newly akawa 2019). discovered peloric orchids during recent botani- Cephalanthera erecta (Thunb.) Blume, a 164 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. Vol. 71 Fig. 1. Cephalanthera erecta f. pelorica. A-B: Habitat of C. erecta f. pelorica. A: Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture. B: Utsunomiya, Tochigi Prefecture. C–F: Column and anther of C. erecta f. pelorica. C: Takao, Tokyo Metropolitan. D: Yokoyama, Kanagawa Prefecture (K. Suetsugu s.n., 2/V/2015, KYO-holotype). E: Utsunomiya, Tochigi Prefecture (H. Hayakawa & M. Takashima s.n., 8/V/2015). F: Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture (S. Fujimori F130506b, 6/V/2013, TNS). Arrows and white and black arrowheads indicate stigmas, staminodes, and pollinia, respectively. leafy mixotrophic orchid in the Himalaya, China, but did not formally propose a scientific name for Taiwan, the Korean peninsula, Japan (Hokkaido, them. Takashima & Kurihara (2016) also report- Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu), and the Kuril Is- ed peloric mutants of C. erecta from Japan and lands (Yukawa 2015a, b), has been reported to be identified them as C. erecta var. oblanceolata N. self-pollinating (Tanaka 1965). In Japan, Yanaga- Pearce & P. J. Cribb described from Bhutan. wa (1982) reported and illustrated peloric mu- During our botanical explorations, we found tants of Cephalanthera erecta from Japan and six populations of peloric mutants of C. erecta gave them the Japanese name "Yabitsu-Ginran”, (Figs. 1 & 2). We observed three sympatric popu- June 2020 HAYAKAWA & AL. A New Peloric Form of Cephalanthera erecta 165 Fig. 2. Distribution of Cephalanthera erecta f. pelorica in Japan. Circles and squares indicate sites of C. erecta f. pelorica from herbarium and field surveys, respectively. Gray and black squares indicateC. erecta f. pelorica populations with and with- out C. erecta f. erecta, respectively. Figure edited from map generated by MapMap v.6.0 software (Kamada 2005) <http:// www5b.biglobe.ne.jp/t-kamada/CBuilder/mapmap.htm>. lations of peloric and typical forms of Cephalan- has 3–5 inconspicuous staminodes. The five sta- thera erecta in Abiko City, Tsukuba City, and Os- minodes differ in size among populations of the hino Village (Fig. 2). The other three populations peloric mutants (Fig. 1). of peloric mutants were not sympatric with the The Japanese peloric forms are sometimes typical form. From a survey of 21 herbaria and sympatric with the typical form. They also differ our field survey, we discovered 39 specimens of morphologically from the peloric forms of other peloric mutants of C. erecta from 17 prefectures taxa of Cephalanthera (See Taxonomic note). in Japan (Fig. 2, Appendix). The peloric mutants Thus, the Japanese peloric mutant of C. erecta are mainly on the Pacific Ocean side of eastern should be formally recognized. Based on our Japan and in the Tsurugi Mountains and Okaya- findings, we conclude that the Japanese mutant is ma Prefecture in western Japan (Fig. 2). a form of C. erecta, which we here name Cepha- Specimens of the peloric mutant have been lanthera erecta (Thunb.) Blume f. pelorica. collected in Japan from 1928 until the present and most have been identified as the typical form of Cephalanthera erecta (Thunb.) Blume f. C. erecta or C. longifolia (L.) Fritsh. The lip of pelorica Hiros. Hayak. & Suetsugu, forma nov. the peloric mutant is similar to the dorsal sepal or —Figs. 1, 3, 4(A). lateral petals and the lateral sepals resemble the Typus. Yokoyama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, Ken- dorsal sepal. The lateral sepals of the typical form ji Suetsugu s.n., 2/V/2015 (holo-, KYO) are lanceolate (Figs. 3 & 4). The peloric mutant also has stigmas positioned at the apex of the col- Herbs, terrestrial, mixotrophic, 5–40 cm tall, umn (not on the adaxial surface) and five stami- erect. Leaves 3–6, alternate, ovate-lanceolate, nodes around the column apex. The typical form 3–9 cm long, 1–4 cm wide, apex acute-subacute, 166 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. Vol. 71 Fig. 3. Illustration of Cephalanthera erecta f. pelorica (S. Fujimori F130506b, 6/V/2013, TNS). A: Ventral view of column. B: Clockwise from top: dorsal sepal, lateral petal, lateral sepal, lip. Bar = 1mm. Drawn by S. Fujimori. veins 3–5, glabrous. Dorsal sepal oblanceolate, var. erecta (Pearce et al. 2001), because popula- 7−9 mm long, apex obtuse. Lateral sepal oblan- tions of C. erecta var. erecta in Yunnan, China ceolate 2–3 mm wide, apex obtuse. Lateral petals are in the distribution limit of the western side of oblanceolate, 2–3 mm wide, apex obtuse. Lip ob- C. erecta var. erecta (Chen et al. 2010) and it has lanceolate, petal-like, entire, unlobed, apex ob- yet to be collected from Bhutan. tuse. Stigmas positioned at column apex. Stami- Based on the description and illustration by nodes 5. Floral bracts lanceolate, acute, lower flo- Pearce et al. (2001) and our observation of the ho- ral bracts foliaceous, lanceolate, acute. Flowers lotype (H. Kanai et al. s.n., 10/V/1967, TI), C. white, May to June. erecta var. oblanceolata has a swollen organ on the abaxial surface of the column apex (Fig. 5). Japanese name. Yabitsu-Ginran (Yanagawa Cephalanthera erecta f. pelorica lacks a swollen 1982) organ. Takashima & Kurihara (2016) reported C. Distribution. Hokkaido, Honshu, and Shi- erecta var. oblanceolata from Utsunomiya, Toch- koku, Japan, and probably South Korea (See be- igi Prefecture, Japan. We collected a peloric mu- low) tant at the same locality (Fig. 2) and identified it as C. erecta f. pelorica [Fig. 1(B & E)]. Cepha- Taxonomic note. Cephalanthera erecta var. lanthera erecta var. oblanceolata was reported oblanceolata, C. nanlingensis A.Q. Hu & F.W. from South Korea (Lee et al. 2009), but the illus- Xing, and C. longifolia (L.) Fritsch. f. conformis tration does not show a swollen organ on the col- Suetsugu & Hiros. Hayak. also have floral mor- umn. The South Korean peloric mutant is similar phologies similar to Cephalanthera erecta f. pe- to C. erecta f. pelorica rather than to C. erecta lorica. var. oblanceolata. A peloric mutant of C. erecta var. oblanceo- Cephalanthera erecta var. oblanceolata, re- lata was reported from Bhutan (Pearce et al. ported by Subedi et al. (2018) from Nepal may be 2001). Its distribution is distinct from C.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • November December 2010 Vol 67.3 Victoria Natural
    NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2010 VOL 67.3 VICTORIA NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY The Victoria Naturalist Vol. 67.3 (2010) 1 Published six times a year by the SUBMISSIONS VICTORIA NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, P.O. Box 5220, Station B, Victoria, BC V8R 6N4 Deadline for next issue: December 1, 2010 Contents © 2010 as credited. Send to: Claudia Copley ISSN 0049—612X Printed in Canada 657 Beaver Lake Road, Victoria BC V8Z 5N9 Editors: Claudia Copley, 250-479-6622, Penelope Edwards Phone: 250-479-6622 Desktop Publishing: Frances Hunter, 250-479-1956 e-mail: [email protected] Distribution: Tom Gillespie, Phyllis Henderson, Morwyn Marshall Printing: Fotoprint, 250-382-8218 Guidelines for Submissions Opinions expressed by contributors to The Victoria Naturalist Members are encouraged to submit articles, field trip reports, natural are not necessarily those of the Society. history notes, and book reviews with photographs or illustrations if possible. Photographs of natural history are appreciated along with VICTORIA NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY documentation of location, species names and a date. Please label your Honorary Life Members Dr. Bill Austin, Mrs. Lyndis Davis, submission with your name, address, and phone number and provide a Mr. Tony Embleton, Mr. Tom Gillespie, Mrs. Peggy Goodwill, title. We request submission of typed, double-spaced copy in an IBM compatible word processing file on diskette, or by e-mail. Photos and Mr. David Stirling, Mr. Bruce Whittington slides, and diskettes submitted will be returned if a stamped, self- Officers: 2009-2010 addressed envelope is included with the material. Digital images are PRESIDENT: Darren Copley, 250-479-6622, [email protected] welcome, but they need to be high resolution: a minimum of 1200 x VICE-PRESIDENT: James Miskelly, 250-477-0490, [email protected] 1550 pixels, or 300 dpi at the size of photos in the magazine.
    [Show full text]
  • Physiological Features of the Terrestrial Orchids
    Anallelle Uniiversiităţiiii diin Craiiova, seriia Agriiculltură – Montanollogiie – Cadastru (Annalls of the Uniiversiity of Craiiova - Agriicullture, Montanollogy, Cadastre Seriies)Voll. XLIX/2019 PHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE TERRESTRIAL ORCHIDS CEPHALANTHERA LONGIFOLIA AND PLATANTHERA BIFOLIA THAT GROW IN THE PEDO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS FROM OLTENIA REGION OF ROMANIA BUSE-DRAGOMIR LUMINITA (1), NICOLAE ION (2), NICULESCU MARIANA (3) (1) University of Craiova, E-mail: [email protected] (2) University of Craiova, E-mail: [email protected] (3) University of Craiova, E-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author email: [email protected] Key words: terrestrial orchids, transpiration, photosynthesis, light ABSTRACT For studying the physiology of terrestrial orchids, plants from the species Cephalanthera longifolia and Platanthera bifolia have been used. The experiences were carried out directly on the field, in Mehedinţi County, Comanesti Hills. In both species of orchids, the seasonal dynamics of photosynthesis registers a peak during the flowering period that corresponds to a maximum content of assimilating pigments and also a maximum leaf surface. In terrestrial orchids, the seasonal dynamics of leaf transpiration intensity is highest during spring, when the water content in the soil is high and minimal in summer. The graphs showing the diurnal variation of photosynthesis for the two species indicate that Cephalanthera longifolia prefers semi-shaded and sunny habitats, while the plants of Platanthera bifolia that are found in the studied areas prefer a more shaded environment INTRODUCTION Orchids that grow directly at the two, more or less globular or digitally- ground level in large areas of Europe or branched tubules. From the main tuber on the grasslands of the tropical regions comes the flowering stem.
    [Show full text]
  • 57. CEPHALANTHERA Richard, De Orchid. Eur. 21, 29, 38. 1817. 头蕊兰属 Tou Rui Lan Shu Chen Xinqi (陈心启 Chen Sing-Chi); Stephan W
    Flora of China 25: 174–177. 2009. 57. CEPHALANTHERA Richard, De Orchid. Eur. 21, 29, 38. 1817. 头蕊兰属 tou rui lan shu Chen Xinqi (陈心启 Chen Sing-chi); Stephan W. Gale, Phillip J. Cribb Callithronum Ehrhart; Dorycheile Reichenbach; Eburophyton A. Heller; Xiphophyllum Ehrhart. Herbs, terrestrial, autotrophic or holomycotrophic. Rhizome creeping, cylindric, slender; roots fasciculate, filiform, fleshy, usually numerous though few in holomycotrophic species. Stem erect, unbranched, leafy, with 1 to a few subcymbiform or cylindric basal sheaths. Leaves alternate, plicate, sessile, directly sheathing stem at base, reduced to membranous sheaths in holomycotrophic species. Inflorescence terminal, racemose, many or few flowered, rarely 1-flowered; proximal floral bracts foliaceous and usually longer than flowers, distal ones much shorter. Flowers resupinate, suberect, weakly spreading and campanulate, or rarely widely spreading, white, pink, or yellow; ovary slightly twisted, glabrous. Sepals free, similar to each other, subequal. Petals slightly shorter than sepals, ± connivent with sepals; lip adnate to base of column, 2-partite or rarely simple and not distinct from petals in peloric forms; hypochile with erect lateral lobes embracing column, saccate or with a short spur at base; epichile spreading, ovate-elliptic, apex obtuse or acute; disk with 3–7 longitudinal lamellae, or unornamented in peloric forms. Column erect, usually with 2 narrow lateral wings; anther erect, hinged, 2-locular; pollinia 2, each 2-partite, granular-farinaceous, lacking caudicles and viscidia; stigma concave, rounded; rostellum inconspicuous or absent. Capsule erect. About 15 species: mainly in Europe, N Africa, and E Asia, but also in the Himalayas, SE Asia, and extending to the west coast of North America; nine species (four endemic) in China.
    [Show full text]
  • Dispersion of Vascular Plant in Mt. Huiyangsan, Korea
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Journal of Korean Nature Vol. 3, No. 1 1-10, 2010 Dispersion of Vascular Plant in Mt. Huiyangsan, Korea Hyun-Tak Shin1, Sung-Tae Yoo2, Byung-Do Kim2, and Myung-Hoon YI3* 1Gyeongsangnam-do Forest Environment Research Institute, Jinju 660-871, Korea 2Daegu Arboretum 284 Daegok-Dong Dalse-Gu Daegu 704-310, Korea 3Department of Landscape Architecture, Graduate School, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea Abstract: We surveyed that vascular plants can be classified into 90 families and 240 genus, 336 species, 69 variants, 22 forms, 3 subspecies, total 430 taxa. Dicotyledon plant is 80.9%, monocotyledon plant is 9.8%, Pteridophyta is 8.1%, Gymnosermae is 1.2% among the whole plant family. Rare and endangered plants are Crypsinus hastatus, Lilium distichum, Viola albida, Rhododendron micranthum, totalling four species. Endemic plants are Carex okamotoi, Salix koriyanagi for. koriyanagi, Clematis trichotoma, Thalictrum actaefolium var. brevistylum, Galium trachyspermum, Asperula lasiantha, Weigela subsessilis, Adenophora verticillata var. hirsuta, Aster koraiensis, Cirsium chanroenicum and Saussurea seoulensis total 11 taxa. Specialized plants are 20 classification for I class, 7 classifications for the II class, 7 classifications for the III class, 2 classification for the IV class, and 1 classification for the V class, total 84 taxa. Naturalized plants specified in this study are 10 types but Naturalization rate is not high compared to the area of BaekDu-DaeGan. This survey area is focused on the center of BaekDu- DaeGan, and it has been affected by excessive investigations and this area has been preserved as Buddhist temples' woods.
    [Show full text]
  • Forma Nov.: a New Peloric Orchid from Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan
    The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics ISSN 1346-7565 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 65 (3): 127–139 (2014) Cephalanthera falcata f. conformis (Orchidaceae) forma nov.: A New Peloric Orchid from Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan 1,* 1 1 HirosHi Hayakawa , CHiHiro Hayakawa , yosHinobu kusumoto , tomoko 1 1 2 3,4 nisHida , Hiroaki ikeda , tatsuya Fukuda and Jun yokoyama 1National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan. *[email protected] (author for correspondences); 2Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Nan- koku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan; 3Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Kojirakawa, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan; 4Institute for Regional Innovation, Yamagata University, Kaminoyama, Yamagata 999-3101, Japan We recognize a new peloric form of the orchid Cephalanthera falcata (Thunb.) Blume f. conformis Hi- ros. Hayak. et J. Yokoy., which occurs in the vicinity of the Tsukuba mountain range in Ibaraki Prefec- ture, Japan. This peloric form is sympatric with C. falcata f. falcata. The peloric flowers have a petal-like lip. The flowers are radially symmetrical and the perianth parts spread weakly compared to normal flow- ers. The stigmas are positioned at the column apex, thus neighboring stigmas and the lower parts of the pollinia are conglutinated. We observed similar vegetative traits among C. falcata f. falcata, C. falcata f. albescens S. Kobayashi, and C. falcata f. conformis. The floral morphology in C. falcata f. conformis resembles that of C. nanchuanica (S.C. Chen) X.H. Jin et X.G. Xiang (i.e., similar petal-like lip and stig- ma position at the column apex; syn. Tangtsinia nanchuanica S.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Phytogeographical Analysis and Ecological Factors of the Distribution of Orchidaceae Taxa in the Western Carpathians (Local Study)
    plants Article Phytogeographical Analysis and Ecological Factors of the Distribution of Orchidaceae Taxa in the Western Carpathians (Local study) Lukáš Wittlinger and Lucia Petrikoviˇcová * Department of Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 94974 Nitra, Slovakia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +421-907-3441-04 Abstract: In the years 2018–2020, we carried out large-scale mapping in the Western Carpathians with a focus on determining the biodiversity of taxa of the family Orchidaceae using field biogeographical research. We evaluated the research using phytogeographic analysis with an emphasis on selected ecological environmental factors (substrate: ecological land unit value, soil reaction (pH), terrain: slope (◦), flow and hydrogeological productivity (m2.s−1) and average annual amounts of global radiation (kWh.m–2). A total of 19 species were found in the area, of which the majority were Cephalenthera longifolia, Cephalenthera damasonium and Anacamptis morio. Rare findings included Epipactis muelleri, Epipactis leptochila and Limodorum abortivum. We determined the ecological demands of the abiotic environment of individual species by means of a functional analysis of communities. The research confirmed that most of the orchids that were studied occurred in acidified, calcified and basophil locations. From the location of the distribution of individual populations, it is clear that they are generally arranged compactly and occasionally scattered, which results in ecological and environmental diversity. During the research, we identified 129 localities with the occurrence of Citation: Wittlinger, L.; Petrikoviˇcová, L. Phytogeographical Analysis and 19 species and subspecies of orchids. We identify the main factors that threaten them and propose Ecological Factors of the Distribution specific measures to protect vulnerable populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny, Character Evolution and the Systematics of Psilochilus (Triphoreae)
    THE PRIMITIVE EPIDENDROIDEAE (ORCHIDACEAE): PHYLOGENY, CHARACTER EVOLUTION AND THE SYSTEMATICS OF PSILOCHILUS (TRIPHOREAE) A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Erik Paul Rothacker, M.Sc. ***** The Ohio State University 2007 Doctoral Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. John V. Freudenstein, Adviser Dr. John Wenzel ________________________________ Dr. Andrea Wolfe Adviser Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology Graduate Program COPYRIGHT ERIK PAUL ROTHACKER 2007 ABSTRACT Considering the significance of the basal Epidendroideae in understanding patterns of morphological evolution within the subfamily, it is surprising that no fully resolved hypothesis of historical relationships has been presented for these orchids. This is the first study to improve both taxon and character sampling. The phylogenetic study of the basal Epidendroideae consisted of two components, molecular and morphological. A molecular phylogeny using three loci representing each of the plant genomes including gap characters is presented for the basal Epidendroideae. Here we find Neottieae sister to Palmorchis at the base of the Epidendroideae, followed by Triphoreae. Tropidieae and Sobralieae form a clade, however the relationship between these, Nervilieae and the advanced Epidendroids has not been resolved. A morphological matrix of 40 taxa and 30 characters was constructed and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. The results support many of the traditional views of tribal composition, but do not fully resolve relationships among many of the tribes. A robust hypothesis of relationships is presented based on the results of a total evidence analysis using three molecular loci, gap characters and morphology. Palmorchis is placed at the base of the tree, sister to Neottieae, followed successively by Triphoreae sister to Epipogium, then Sobralieae.
    [Show full text]
  • Networks in a Large-Scale Phylogenetic Analysis: Reconstructing Evolutionary History of Asparagales (Lilianae) Based on Four Plastid Genes
    Networks in a Large-Scale Phylogenetic Analysis: Reconstructing Evolutionary History of Asparagales (Lilianae) Based on Four Plastid Genes Shichao Chen1., Dong-Kap Kim2., Mark W. Chase3, Joo-Hwan Kim4* 1 College of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China, 2 Division of Forest Resource Conservation, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Gyeonggi- do, Korea, 3 Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom, 4 Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea Abstract Phylogenetic analysis aims to produce a bifurcating tree, which disregards conflicting signals and displays only those that are present in a large proportion of the data. However, any character (or tree) conflict in a dataset allows the exploration of support for various evolutionary hypotheses. Although data-display network approaches exist, biologists cannot easily and routinely use them to compute rooted phylogenetic networks on real datasets containing hundreds of taxa. Here, we constructed an original neighbour-net for a large dataset of Asparagales to highlight the aspects of the resulting network that will be important for interpreting phylogeny. The analyses were largely conducted with new data collected for the same loci as in previous studies, but from different species accessions and greater sampling in many cases than in published analyses. The network tree summarised the majority data pattern in the characters of plastid sequences before tree building, which largely confirmed the currently recognised phylogenetic relationships. Most conflicting signals are at the base of each group along the Asparagales backbone, which helps us to establish the expectancy and advance our understanding of some difficult taxa relationships and their phylogeny.
    [Show full text]
  • ===Обзорные Статьи ======Orchids of Russia: Annotated Checklist and Geographic Distribution
    Nature Conservation Research. Заповедная наука 2020. 5(Suppl.1): 1–18 https://dx.doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2020.018 ============== REVIEW ARTICLES ================ ============= ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ =============== ORCHIDS OF RUSSIA: ANNOTATED CHECKLIST AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Petr G. Efimov Komarov Botanical Institute of RAS, Russia e-mail: [email protected] Received: 07.03.2020. Revised: 11.04.2020. Accepted: 13.04.2020. A checklist of orchids is presented for Russia. Data from the project «Biodiversity Mapping of Orchidaceae of Russia» are supplemented by the literature data in order to analyse the geographical distribution of species. We consider that the orchid diversity of Russia comprises 135 species and 13 subspecies belonging to 38 genera, in- cluding several taxa with status «uncertain for Russia»: Dactylorhiza majalis, D. sambucina, Epipactis purpurata, Cephalanthera caucasica, Anacamptis laxiflora subsp. palustris, and Platanthera komarovii subsp. maximovic- ziana. Krasnodarsky Krai has the highest number of orchid species (56 species), followed by Sakhalin Region (50), Republic of Dagestan (49), Republic of Crimea (45), Primorsky Krai (42), and Khabarovsky Krai (41). Only in As- trakhan Region there are no orchids known. One species (Anacamptis laxiflora, from one locality) is known from the Republic of Kalmykia, three species from Chukotsky Autonomous Okrug, eight species from Nenetsky Au- tonomous Okrug. Gymnadenia conopsea is the most widely distributed species, being found in 74 regions (90%), followed by Corallorhiza trifida (73 regions), Dactylorhiza incarnata (72), and D. viridis (71). Twenty-five species are known from only one administrative region. Eleven of them have been found in Sakhalin Region, four of them in Republic of Dagestan. Cephalanthera erecta, Epipactis euxina, and E.
    [Show full text]
  • Mycoheterotrophy Evolved from Mixotrophic Ancestors: Evidence in Cymbidium (Orchidaceae)
    Annals of Botany 106: 573–581, 2010 doi:10.1093/aob/mcq156, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org Mycoheterotrophy evolved from mixotrophic ancestors: evidence in Cymbidium (Orchidaceae) Hiroyuki Motomura1, Marc-Andre´ Selosse2, Florent Martos2,3, Akira Kagawa4 and Tomohisa Yukawa1,* 1Tsukuba Botanical Garden, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan, 2Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CNRS, UMR 5175), Equipe Interactions Biotiques, 19129 Route de Mende, Montpellier cedex 5, France, 3UMR C53 Peuplements Ve´ge´taux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical, Universite´ de La Re´union, 15 Avenue Rene´ Cassin, BP 7151, 97715 Saint-Denis cedex 9, France and 4Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba Norin PO Box 16, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan * For correspondence. E-mail [email protected] Received: 15 December 2009 Returned for revision: 9 April 2010 Accepted: 25 June 2010 Published electronically: 4 August 2010 Downloaded from † Background and Aims Nutritional changes associated with the evolution of achlorophyllous, mycoheterotrophic plants have not previously been inferred with robust phylogenetic hypotheses. Variations in heterotrophy in accordance with the evolution of leaflessness were examined using a chlorophyllous–achlorophyllous species pair in Cymbidium (Orchidaceae), within a well studied phylogenetic background. † Methods To estimate the level of mycoheterotrophy in chlorophyllous and achlorophyllous Cymbidium, 13 15 natural Cand N contents (a proxy for the level of heterotrophy) were measured in four Cymbidium aob.oxfordjournals.org species and co-existing autotrophic and mycoheterotrophic plants and ectomycorrhizal fungi from two Japanese sites. † Key Results d13C and d15N values of the achlorophyllous C. macrorhizon and C. aberrans indicated that they are full mycoheterotrophs.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal-Of-Plant-Resources -2020.Pdf
    Volume 18 Number 1 Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Environment Department of Plant Resources Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal 2020 ISSN 1995 - 8579 Journal of Plant Resources, Vol. 18, No. 1 JOURNAL OF PLANT RESOURCES Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Environment Department of Plant Resources Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal 2020 Advisory Board Mr. Dhananjaya Paudyal Mr. Keshav Kumar Neupane Mr. Mohan Dev Joshi Managing Editor Mr. Tara Datt Bhat Editorial Board Prof. Dr. Dharma Raj Dangol Ms. Usha Tandukar Mr. Rakesh Kumar Tripathi Mr. Pramesh Bahadur Lakhey Ms. Nishanta Shrestha Ms. Pratiksha Shrestha Date of Online Publication: 2020 July Cover Photo: From top to clock wise direction. Inflorescence bearing multiple flowers in a cluster - Rhododendron cowanianum Davidian (PC: Pratikshya Chalise) Vanda cristata Wall. ex Lindl. (PC: Sangram Karki) Seedlings developed in half strength MS medium of Dendrobium crepidatum Lindl. & Paxton (PC: Prithivi Raj Gurung) Pycnoporus cinnabarinus (Jacq.: Fr.) Karst. (PC: Rajendra Acharya) Preparative HPLC (PC: Devi Prasad Bhandari) Flower head of Mimosa diplotricha C. Wright (PC: Lila Nath Sharma) © All rights reserved Department of Plant Resources (DPR) Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: 977-1-4251160, 4251161, 4268246, E-mail: [email protected] Citation: Name of the author, year of publication. Title of the paper, J. Pl. Res. vol. 18, Issue 1 pages, Department of Plant Resources, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal. ISSN: 1995-8579 Published By: Publicity and Documentation Section Department of Plant Resources (DPR), Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal. Reviewers: The issue can be retrieved from http://www.dpr.gov.np Prof. Dr.Anjana Singh Dr. Krishna Bhakta Maharjan Prof. Dr. Ram Kailash Prasad Yadav Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 8 DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES and LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES
    K.w. Dixon, S.P. Kell, R.L. Barrett and P.J. Cribb (eds) 2003. Orchid Conservation. pp. 137-158. © Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Chapter 8 DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES AND LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES OF TEMPERATE TERRESTRIAL ORCIDDS AS A BASIS FOR CONSERVATION Dennis F Whigham Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Box. 28, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA. Jo H. Willems Plant Ecology Group, Utrecht University, PO Box 800.84, NL 3508 Utrecht, The Netherlands. "Our knowledge about the lives ofindividual plants and oftheir persistence in plant communities is very incomplete, however, especially when perennial herbs are concerned" - C. 0. Tamm, 1948. Terrestrial orchids represent a wide diversity ofspecies that are characterised by an equally diverse range of life history attributes. Threatened and endangered species of terrestrial orchids have been identifed on all continents where they occur and conservation plans have been developed for some species. Even though there is a considerable amount of information on the ecology of terrestrial orchids, few species have been studied in detail and most management plans focus on habitat conservation. In this paper, we consider the diversity of terrestrial orchids and summarise information on threatened and endangered species from a global perspective. We also describe approaches to the conservation and restoration ofterrestrial orchids and develop the argument that much information is needed ifwe are to successfully conserve this diverse group ofplant species. 1. Introduction Terrestrial orchids represent a wide variety of life history types, from autotrophic evergreen to completely myco-heterotrophic species that obtain most oftheir resources from a mycobiont. Life history characteristics ofterrestrial orchids are generally well known (e.g.
    [Show full text]