November December 2010 Vol 67.3 Victoria Natural
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Physiological Features of the Terrestrial Orchids
Anallelle Uniiversiităţiiii diin Craiiova, seriia Agriiculltură – Montanollogiie – Cadastru (Annalls of the Uniiversiity of Craiiova - Agriicullture, Montanollogy, Cadastre Seriies)Voll. XLIX/2019 PHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE TERRESTRIAL ORCHIDS CEPHALANTHERA LONGIFOLIA AND PLATANTHERA BIFOLIA THAT GROW IN THE PEDO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS FROM OLTENIA REGION OF ROMANIA BUSE-DRAGOMIR LUMINITA (1), NICOLAE ION (2), NICULESCU MARIANA (3) (1) University of Craiova, E-mail: [email protected] (2) University of Craiova, E-mail: [email protected] (3) University of Craiova, E-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author email: [email protected] Key words: terrestrial orchids, transpiration, photosynthesis, light ABSTRACT For studying the physiology of terrestrial orchids, plants from the species Cephalanthera longifolia and Platanthera bifolia have been used. The experiences were carried out directly on the field, in Mehedinţi County, Comanesti Hills. In both species of orchids, the seasonal dynamics of photosynthesis registers a peak during the flowering period that corresponds to a maximum content of assimilating pigments and also a maximum leaf surface. In terrestrial orchids, the seasonal dynamics of leaf transpiration intensity is highest during spring, when the water content in the soil is high and minimal in summer. The graphs showing the diurnal variation of photosynthesis for the two species indicate that Cephalanthera longifolia prefers semi-shaded and sunny habitats, while the plants of Platanthera bifolia that are found in the studied areas prefer a more shaded environment INTRODUCTION Orchids that grow directly at the two, more or less globular or digitally- ground level in large areas of Europe or branched tubules. From the main tuber on the grasslands of the tropical regions comes the flowering stem. -
Willi Orchids
growers of distinctively better plants. Nunured and cared for by hand, each plant is well bred and well fed in our nutrient rich soil- a special blend that makes your garden a healthier, happier, more beautiful place. Look for the Monrovia label at your favorite garden center. For the location nearest you, call toll free l-888-Plant It! From our growing fields to your garden, We care for your plants. ~ MONROVIA~ HORTICULTURAL CRAFTSMEN SINCE 1926 Look for the Monrovia label, call toll free 1-888-Plant It! co n t e n t s Volume 77, Number 3 May/June 1998 DEPARTMENTS Commentary 4 Wild Orchids 28 by Paul Martin Brown Members' Forum 5 A penonal tour ofplaces in N01,th America where Gaura lindheimeri, Victorian illustrators. these native beauties can be seen in the wild. News from AHS 7 Washington, D . C. flower show, book awards. From Boon to Bane 37 by Charles E. Williams Focus 10 Brought over f01' their beautiful flowers and colorful America)s roadside plantings. berries, Eurasian bush honeysuckles have adapted all Offshoots 16 too well to their adopted American homeland. Memories ofgardens past. Mock Oranges 41 Gardeners Information Service 17 by Terry Schwartz Magnolias from seeds, woodies that like wet feet. Classic fragrance and the ongoing development of nell? Mail-Order Explorer 18 cultivars make these old favorites worthy of considera Roslyn)s rhodies and more. tion in today)s gardens. Urban Gardener 20 The Melting Plot: Part II 44 Trial and error in that Toddlin) Town. by Susan Davis Price The influences of African, Asian, and Italian immi Plants and Your Health 24 grants a1'e reflected in the plants and designs found in H eading off headaches with herbs. -
Forma Nov.: a New Peloric Orchid from Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan
The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics ISSN 1346-7565 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 65 (3): 127–139 (2014) Cephalanthera falcata f. conformis (Orchidaceae) forma nov.: A New Peloric Orchid from Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan 1,* 1 1 HirosHi Hayakawa , CHiHiro Hayakawa , yosHinobu kusumoto , tomoko 1 1 2 3,4 nisHida , Hiroaki ikeda , tatsuya Fukuda and Jun yokoyama 1National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan. *[email protected] (author for correspondences); 2Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Nan- koku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan; 3Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Kojirakawa, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan; 4Institute for Regional Innovation, Yamagata University, Kaminoyama, Yamagata 999-3101, Japan We recognize a new peloric form of the orchid Cephalanthera falcata (Thunb.) Blume f. conformis Hi- ros. Hayak. et J. Yokoy., which occurs in the vicinity of the Tsukuba mountain range in Ibaraki Prefec- ture, Japan. This peloric form is sympatric with C. falcata f. falcata. The peloric flowers have a petal-like lip. The flowers are radially symmetrical and the perianth parts spread weakly compared to normal flow- ers. The stigmas are positioned at the column apex, thus neighboring stigmas and the lower parts of the pollinia are conglutinated. We observed similar vegetative traits among C. falcata f. falcata, C. falcata f. albescens S. Kobayashi, and C. falcata f. conformis. The floral morphology in C. falcata f. conformis resembles that of C. nanchuanica (S.C. Chen) X.H. Jin et X.G. Xiang (i.e., similar petal-like lip and stig- ma position at the column apex; syn. Tangtsinia nanchuanica S.C. -
Phytogeographical Analysis and Ecological Factors of the Distribution of Orchidaceae Taxa in the Western Carpathians (Local Study)
plants Article Phytogeographical Analysis and Ecological Factors of the Distribution of Orchidaceae Taxa in the Western Carpathians (Local study) Lukáš Wittlinger and Lucia Petrikoviˇcová * Department of Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 94974 Nitra, Slovakia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +421-907-3441-04 Abstract: In the years 2018–2020, we carried out large-scale mapping in the Western Carpathians with a focus on determining the biodiversity of taxa of the family Orchidaceae using field biogeographical research. We evaluated the research using phytogeographic analysis with an emphasis on selected ecological environmental factors (substrate: ecological land unit value, soil reaction (pH), terrain: slope (◦), flow and hydrogeological productivity (m2.s−1) and average annual amounts of global radiation (kWh.m–2). A total of 19 species were found in the area, of which the majority were Cephalenthera longifolia, Cephalenthera damasonium and Anacamptis morio. Rare findings included Epipactis muelleri, Epipactis leptochila and Limodorum abortivum. We determined the ecological demands of the abiotic environment of individual species by means of a functional analysis of communities. The research confirmed that most of the orchids that were studied occurred in acidified, calcified and basophil locations. From the location of the distribution of individual populations, it is clear that they are generally arranged compactly and occasionally scattered, which results in ecological and environmental diversity. During the research, we identified 129 localities with the occurrence of Citation: Wittlinger, L.; Petrikoviˇcová, L. Phytogeographical Analysis and 19 species and subspecies of orchids. We identify the main factors that threaten them and propose Ecological Factors of the Distribution specific measures to protect vulnerable populations. -
SOUTH COAST CONSERVATION PROGRAM Protecting and Restoring at Risk Species and Ecological Communities on BC’S South Coast
British Columbia’s Coast Region Species and Ecological Communities of Conservation Concern SOUTH COAST CONSERVATION PROGRAM Protecting and Restoring at Risk species and Ecological Communities on BC’s South Coast SPECIES PROFILE: Phantom Orchid (Cephalanthera austiniae), Family Orchidaceae “orchids” Status Global: G4 Provincial: S2 SARA: 1-Threatened BC List: Red A member of the family Orchidaceae (“orchids”), phantom or “snow” orchid as it is sometimes referred to is the only species of the genus Cephalanthera found outside of Europe and Asia. A “myco-heterotrophic” species it lacks chlorophyll and is unable to photosynthesize. Phantom orchid obtains nutrients through a three-way partnership with fungi in the family Thelophoraceae and a tree species (presently unidentified). To facilitate this unique and complex relationship, the majority of the plants structure is underground; exact occurrences and distribution can be variable and difficult to predict from year to year as conditions change. As well plants may become dormant for a period of time making definitive distribution and occurrence locations problematic. Phantom Orchid Characteristics Height up to 65 cm. Phantom orchid is a white, non-photosynthetic, (things to look for) rhizomatous perennial. Flowering stems have 5-20 vanilla scented white flowers, each with a yellow gland on the lower lip. The 2-5 bract-like leaves are present along the stem. The stems turn yellowish or brownish as they age. After flowering, dry, seed-bearing capsules may form. Indian pipe (Monotropa uniflora) is a similar looking, white, non- Looks like (Similar) photosynthetic perennial that occurs in the same types of habitats as phantom orchid. The two species can easily be distinguished because phantom orchid has numerous upright flowers on each stem and the flowers bear a yellow gland on the lower petal. -
White Satin Moth
Utah Plant Pest UTAH PESTS Diagnostic Laboratory USU Extension Spring 2018 / QUARTERLY Vol. XII NEWSLETTER IN THIS ISSUE Is Biochar Worth it for Utah’s Vegetable Producers? Is Biochar worth it for Utah’s Vegetable Producers? p. 01 USU Extension Biochar Study p. 03 The Mystery of the Notched Leaves p. 04 New Codling Moth Biofix- Setting Model p. 06 Invasive Pest Spotlight: White Biochar is made by burning biomass at very high temperatures with low oxygen. The final Satin Moth p. 08 product is high in carbon and is used as a soil amendment. Spider Mites Like it Hot with Biochar has been shown to have long- What are the Potential Neonics term benefits for the environment, in terms Advantages in Agriculture? p. 09 of sequestering carbon in the soil. But for 5 Vegetable Insect Pests of intensive agricultural production, the short Most biochars have low nitrogen Utah and When to Watch answer to this question is that biochar is concentrations and thus any inherent for Them not quite ready for wide-scale adoption. fertilizer value is minimal and temporary. p. 11 Some factors that need to be considered in The recommendation is that biochar is Worker Protection Standard applying biochar to the soil are initial soil applied to the soil just once, acting as a Training Requirements health, the source and production method conditioner, and that nutrient amendments for Growers of the char, and the variable or unknown should also be applied yearly (if needed). p. 12 application rates. In some cases, crop yield Some research studies have found the may be marginally increased, but this benefit following benefits of a one-time biochar IPM in the News p. -
Phylogeny, Character Evolution and the Systematics of Psilochilus (Triphoreae)
THE PRIMITIVE EPIDENDROIDEAE (ORCHIDACEAE): PHYLOGENY, CHARACTER EVOLUTION AND THE SYSTEMATICS OF PSILOCHILUS (TRIPHOREAE) A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Erik Paul Rothacker, M.Sc. ***** The Ohio State University 2007 Doctoral Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. John V. Freudenstein, Adviser Dr. John Wenzel ________________________________ Dr. Andrea Wolfe Adviser Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology Graduate Program COPYRIGHT ERIK PAUL ROTHACKER 2007 ABSTRACT Considering the significance of the basal Epidendroideae in understanding patterns of morphological evolution within the subfamily, it is surprising that no fully resolved hypothesis of historical relationships has been presented for these orchids. This is the first study to improve both taxon and character sampling. The phylogenetic study of the basal Epidendroideae consisted of two components, molecular and morphological. A molecular phylogeny using three loci representing each of the plant genomes including gap characters is presented for the basal Epidendroideae. Here we find Neottieae sister to Palmorchis at the base of the Epidendroideae, followed by Triphoreae. Tropidieae and Sobralieae form a clade, however the relationship between these, Nervilieae and the advanced Epidendroids has not been resolved. A morphological matrix of 40 taxa and 30 characters was constructed and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. The results support many of the traditional views of tribal composition, but do not fully resolve relationships among many of the tribes. A robust hypothesis of relationships is presented based on the results of a total evidence analysis using three molecular loci, gap characters and morphology. Palmorchis is placed at the base of the tree, sister to Neottieae, followed successively by Triphoreae sister to Epipogium, then Sobralieae. -
Pathways Analysis of Invasive Plants and Insects in the Northwest Territories
PATHWAYS ANALYSIS OF INVASIVE PLANTS AND INSECTS IN THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES Project PM 005529 NatureServe Canada K.W. Neatby Bldg 906 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6 Prepared by Eric Snyder and Marilyn Anions NatureServe Canada for The Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Wildlife Division, Government of the Northwest Territories March 31, 2008 Citation: Snyder, E. and Anions, M. 2008. Pathways Analysis of Invasive Plants and Insects in the Northwest Territories. Report for the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Wildlife Division, Government of the Northwest Territories. Project No: PM 005529 28 pages, 5 Appendices. Pathways Analysis of Invasive Plants and Insects in the Northwest Territories i NatureServe Canada Acknowledgements NatureServe Canada and the Government of the Northwest Territories, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, would like to acknowledge the contributions of all those who supplied information during the production of this document. Canada : Eric Allen (Canadian Forest Service), Lorna Allen (Alberta Natural Heritage Information Centre, Alberta Community Development, Parks & Protected Areas Division), Bruce Bennett (Yukon Department of Environment), Rhonda Batchelor (Northwest Territories, Transportation), Cristine Bayly (Ecology North listserve), Terri-Ann Bugg (Northwest Territories, Transportation), Doug Campbell (Saskatchewan Conservation Data Centre), Suzanne Carrière (Northwest Territories, Environment & Natural Resources), Bill Carpenter (Moraine Point Lodge, Northwest -
WHITE SATIN MOTH Leucoma Salicis (L.) Description: Adults. According to Their Name, the Silvery-White Moths Are Quite Pretty
WHITE SATIN MOTH Leucoma salicis (L.) Factoid: For a classical rock fan, “Nights in White Satin” is a name of a psychedelic top-charter hit of the famous British rock group “Moody Blues” of the late 1960s. The title, however inadvertently, provides an excellent illustration to an outbreak of the White Satin Moth. Attracted to light, the moths can be so numerous that they would coat objects in the vicinity of lights like snow. Description: Adults. According to their name, the silvery-white moths are quite pretty and satiny in appearance. The body of the moth itself is black but is covered with a dense jacket of white scales and hairs. The wingspan is from 1 ½ to 2 inches. 1 2 3 Fig. 1. White Satin Moth, Adult female and a caterpillar. Source: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfp/forsite/pest_field_guide/satin_moth.htm Fig. 2. White Satin Moth, Pupae. Source: http://www.forestry.ubc.ca/fetch21/FRST308/lab5/leucoma_salicis/pupae.jpg Fig. 3. White Satin Moth, Egg masses covered with froth. Source: http://www.insectimages.org/browse/detail.cfm?imgnum=1141028 Larvae. The fully-grown caterpillars are about 1 ¾ inches long, pale to medium grey- brown or black. They have a row of conspicuous, oblong, double, shiny milk-white or yellowish blotches along the middle on the back and tufts of reddish brown hairs on the back and sides. Pupae. Dark-brown or black, glossy, and hairy, inside a loose cocoon made from silk threads. Often inside rolled leaves. Eggs. Greenish, flat-round, laid in clusters and covered with white froth. -
Vascular Plants of Santa Cruz County, California
ANNOTATED CHECKLIST of the VASCULAR PLANTS of SANTA CRUZ COUNTY, CALIFORNIA SECOND EDITION Dylan Neubauer Artwork by Tim Hyland & Maps by Ben Pease CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY, SANTA CRUZ COUNTY CHAPTER Copyright © 2013 by Dylan Neubauer All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the author. Design & Production by Dylan Neubauer Artwork by Tim Hyland Maps by Ben Pease, Pease Press Cartography (peasepress.com) Cover photos (Eschscholzia californica & Big Willow Gulch, Swanton) by Dylan Neubauer California Native Plant Society Santa Cruz County Chapter P.O. Box 1622 Santa Cruz, CA 95061 To order, please go to www.cruzcps.org For other correspondence, write to Dylan Neubauer [email protected] ISBN: 978-0-615-85493-9 Printed on recycled paper by Community Printers, Santa Cruz, CA For Tim Forsell, who appreciates the tiny ones ... Nobody sees a flower, really— it is so small— we haven’t time, and to see takes time, like to have a friend takes time. —GEORGIA O’KEEFFE CONTENTS ~ u Acknowledgments / 1 u Santa Cruz County Map / 2–3 u Introduction / 4 u Checklist Conventions / 8 u Floristic Regions Map / 12 u Checklist Format, Checklist Symbols, & Region Codes / 13 u Checklist Lycophytes / 14 Ferns / 14 Gymnosperms / 15 Nymphaeales / 16 Magnoliids / 16 Ceratophyllales / 16 Eudicots / 16 Monocots / 61 u Appendices 1. Listed Taxa / 76 2. Endemic Taxa / 78 3. Taxa Extirpated in County / 79 4. Taxa Not Currently Recognized / 80 5. Undescribed Taxa / 82 6. Most Invasive Non-native Taxa / 83 7. Rejected Taxa / 84 8. Notes / 86 u References / 152 u Index to Families & Genera / 154 u Floristic Regions Map with USGS Quad Overlay / 166 “True science teaches, above all, to doubt and be ignorant.” —MIGUEL DE UNAMUNO 1 ~ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ~ ANY THANKS TO THE GENEROUS DONORS without whom this publication would not M have been possible—and to the numerous individuals, organizations, insti- tutions, and agencies that so willingly gave of their time and expertise. -
Networks in a Large-Scale Phylogenetic Analysis: Reconstructing Evolutionary History of Asparagales (Lilianae) Based on Four Plastid Genes
Networks in a Large-Scale Phylogenetic Analysis: Reconstructing Evolutionary History of Asparagales (Lilianae) Based on Four Plastid Genes Shichao Chen1., Dong-Kap Kim2., Mark W. Chase3, Joo-Hwan Kim4* 1 College of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China, 2 Division of Forest Resource Conservation, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Gyeonggi- do, Korea, 3 Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom, 4 Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea Abstract Phylogenetic analysis aims to produce a bifurcating tree, which disregards conflicting signals and displays only those that are present in a large proportion of the data. However, any character (or tree) conflict in a dataset allows the exploration of support for various evolutionary hypotheses. Although data-display network approaches exist, biologists cannot easily and routinely use them to compute rooted phylogenetic networks on real datasets containing hundreds of taxa. Here, we constructed an original neighbour-net for a large dataset of Asparagales to highlight the aspects of the resulting network that will be important for interpreting phylogeny. The analyses were largely conducted with new data collected for the same loci as in previous studies, but from different species accessions and greater sampling in many cases than in published analyses. The network tree summarised the majority data pattern in the characters of plastid sequences before tree building, which largely confirmed the currently recognised phylogenetic relationships. Most conflicting signals are at the base of each group along the Asparagales backbone, which helps us to establish the expectancy and advance our understanding of some difficult taxa relationships and their phylogeny. -
Short Communication
SHORT COMMUNICATION V. A. Dubinina1), M. G. Ponomarenko2). THE WHITE SATIN MOTH, LEUCOMA SALICIS (LINNAEUS, 1758) (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE), IS A PEST OF THE POPLAR IN THE SAKHALIN. – Far Eastern Entomo- logist. 2010. N 214: 8-12. Summary. The investigation of the lepidopterian pests in the Sakhalin Island allows to specify biology and injuriousness of the Leucoma salicis (L.), which is serious pest of the woodland. Key wirds. White satin moth, Lepidoptera, pest, Sakhalin, Russia. В. А. Дубинина1), М. Г. Пономаренко2). Ивовая волнянка – Leucoma salicis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) – вредитель тополя на Сахалине // Дальневосточный энтомолог. 2010. N 214. С. 8-12. Резюме. Исследование чешуекрылых вредителей на острове Сахалин позволило уточнить биологию и вредоносность волнянки Leucoma salicis (L.), которая является серьезным вредителем лесопарковых насаждений. INTRODUCTION The lepidopterian fauna on the Sakhalin Island is still poorly studied. Hitherto the representatives of micro- and macromoths are recorded for the first time from this area (Dubinina, Ponomarenko, 2009; 2010). Among lepidopterian founds are not only rare species but serious pests of agriculture and forestry, such as Leucoma salicis (Linnaeus). This species is known as white satin (or satin) moth mainly in foreign literature (Wagner, Leonard, 1979; Grijpma, 1989; Sun, 1989; Humphreys, 1996; Kamata, 2002) and as willow tussock moth in Russian publications (Tshistjakov, 1988; Kuznetzov, 1999). In mentioned publications the distributional range of this species in the Russian Far East was limited by continental part only. Firstly presence of this species in the Sakhalin fauna was indicated in the Key to the insects of Russian Far East (Tshistjakov, 2003). Besides, in mentioned book L. salicis was widely recorded in south part of Russian Far East including Kuril Islands.